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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_original_founders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_original_founders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>List of original founders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_original_founders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support_for_research_and_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_research_and_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Support for research and projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_research_and_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hubbard_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubbard_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Hubbard Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubbard_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Alexander Graham Bell Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Geographic_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Geographic_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>National Geographic Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Geographic_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Geographic_Explorers_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Geographic_Explorers_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>National Geographic Explorers program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Geographic_Explorers_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Commercial ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Geographic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Geographic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1.1</span> <span><i>National Geographic</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Geographic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1.2</span> <span>Other publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Films and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Geographic_Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Geographic_Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.1</span> <span>National Geographic Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Geographic_Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema_Ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema_Ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.2</span> <span>Cinema Ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema_Ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_Partnership_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_Partnership_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.3</span> <span>Museum Partnership Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_Partnership_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.4</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.5</span> <span>Television programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2.6</span> <span>Television channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Music and radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Geographic Society</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83" title="منظمة ناشيونال جيوغرافيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة ناشيونال جيوغرافيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milli_Co%C4%9Frafiya_C%C9%99miyy%C9%99ti" title="Milli Coğrafiya Cəmiyyəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Milli Coğrafiya Cəmiyyəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ন্যাশনাল জিওগ্রাফিক সোসাইটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যাশনাল জিওগ্রাফিক সোসাইটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ka_T%C4%93-l%C3%AD_Ha%CC%8Dk-h%C5%8De" title="Kok-ka Tē-lí Ha̍k-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-ka Tē-lí Ha̍k-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нацыянальнае геаграфічнае таварыства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальнае геаграфічнае таварыства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Национално географско дружество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално географско дружество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="انجمن نشنال جئوگرافیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن نشنال جئوگرافیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumann_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_Geografach" title="Cumann Náisiúnta Geografach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cumann Náisiúnta Geografach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD_%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="내셔널 지오그래픽 협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내셔널 지오그래픽 협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ազգային աշխարհագրական կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազգային աշխարհագրական կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_National_Geographic" title="Yayasan National Geographic – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yayasan National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7" title="נשיונל ג'יאוגרפיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיונל ג'יאוגרפיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ეროვნული გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეროვნული გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ұлттық географиялық қоғамдастық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлттық географиялық қоғамдастық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_%C4%A3eogr%C4%81fijas_biedr%C4%ABba" title="Nacionālā ģeogrāfijas biedrība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālā ģeogrāfijas biedrība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalin%C4%97_geografijos_draugija" title="Nacionalinė geografijos draugija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalinė geografijos draugija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="നാഷനൽ ജ്യോഗ്രാഫിക് സൊസൈറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഷനൽ ജ്യോഗ്രാഫിക് സൊസൈറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="नॅशनल जिओग्राफिक सोसायटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॅशनल जिओग्राफिक सोसायटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_National_Geographic" title="Persatuan National Geographic – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persatuan National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB_%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="ナショナルジオグラフィック協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナショナルジオグラフィック協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="نیشنل جیوگرافک سوسائٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیشنل جیوگرافک سوسائٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Национальное географическое общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальное географическое общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Национално географско друштво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национално географско друштво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தேசிய புவியியல் கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேசிய புவியியல் கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="สมาคมเนชั่นแนล จีโอกราฟิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมาคมเนชั่นแนล จีโอกราฟิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Національне географічне товариство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національне географічне товариство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="نیشنل جیوگرافک سوسائٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیشنل جیوگرافک سوسائٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_(Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3)" title="Hội Địa lý Quốc gia (Hoa Kỳ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội Địa lý Quốc gia (Hoa Kỳ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="National Geographic Society" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="国家地理学会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国家地理学会" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Geographic_Society&params=38.9051_N_77.0379_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°54′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9051°N 77.0379°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9051; -77.0379</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American nonprofit scientific and educational institution</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Geographic Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg/220px-National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg/330px-National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg/440px-National_Geographic_Society_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the National Geographic Society</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">January 13, 1888<span class="noprint">; 137 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1888-01-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-Open990-NatGeoSoc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open990-NatGeoSoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">53-0193519<sup id="cite_ref-Open990-NatGeoSoc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open990-NatGeoSoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_preservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical preservation">Historical preservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1145 17th Street <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Geographic_Society&params=38.9051_N_77.0379_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°54′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9051°N 77.0379°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9051; -77.0379</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Case" title="Jean Case">Jean M. Case</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Tiefenthaler" title="Jill Tiefenthaler">Jill Tiefenthaler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Board of Trustees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a> (27%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.org">www<wbr />.nationalgeographic<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Geographic Society</b>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States, is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonprofit">nonprofit</a> scientific and <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">educational</a> organizations in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-claim_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claim-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1888, its interests include <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a>, the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historical_preservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical preservation">historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservation</a>, and the study of <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">world culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_history_(field)" title="World history (field)">history</a>. The National Geographic Society's logo is a yellow <a href="/wiki/Page_orientation" title="Page orientation">portrait</a> frame—rectangular in shape—which appears on the <a href="/wiki/Margin_(typography)" title="Margin (typography)">margins</a> surrounding the front covers of its magazines and as its television channel logo. Through <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a> (a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>), the Society operates the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">magazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Global_Networks" title="National Geographic Global Networks">TV channels</a>, a website, worldwide events, and other media operations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg/220px-Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg/330px-Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg/440px-Dancer_of_the_Cafes_NGM-v31-p269.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>A dancer of the cafes, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, 1917 photograph from <i>National Geographic Magazine</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The National Geographic Society was founded on January 13, 1888 "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is governed by a board of trustees whose 33 members include distinguished educators, business executives, former government officials and <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservationists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization sponsors and funds scientific research and exploration. National Geographic maintains a museum for the public in its Washington, D.C., headquarters. </p><p>It has helped to sponsor popular traveling exhibits, such as the early 2010s <i><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">King Tut</a></i> exhibit featuring artifacts from the tomb of the young <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a>. The Education Foundation gives grants to education organizations and individuals to improve geography education.<sup id="cite_ref-ngef_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngef-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Committee for Research and Exploration has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration. </p><p>National Geographic has retail stores in Washington, D.C., London, Sydney, and Panama. The locations outside of the United States are operated by <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Retail_Store" title="Worldwide Retail Store">Worldwide Retail Store</a> S.L., a Spanish holding company. </p><p>The Society's media arm is <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>, a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> and the Society, which publishes a journal, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i> in English and nearly 40 local-language editions. It also publishes other magazines, books, school products, maps, and Web and film products in numerous languages and countries. National Geographic's various media properties reach more than 280 million people monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-statedept_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statedept-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its efforts are supported by a wide range of individual, charitable, governmental and corporate donors, including the <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation">Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Gates Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natgeo_old.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Natgeo_old.png/220px-Natgeo_old.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Natgeo_old.png 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Historical emblem of the National Geographic Society</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Geographic Society began as a club for an elite group of academics and wealthy patrons interested in travel and exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 13, 1888, 33 explorers and scientists gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Club" title="Cosmos Club">Cosmos Club</a>, a private club then located on <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park#Lafayette_Square" title="President's Park">Lafayette Square</a> in Washington, D.C., to organize "a society for the increase and diffusion of <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical</a> knowledge." After preparing a constitution and a plan of organization, the National Geographic Society was incorporated two weeks later on January 27. <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a> (co-founder of <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a>) became its first president and his son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> (also co-founder of AT&T), succeeded him in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899, Bell's son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a> was named the first full-time editor of National Geographic magazine and served the organization for fifty-five years (until 1954), and members of the Grosvenor family have played important roles in the organization since. Bell and Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor devised the successful marketing notion of Society membership and the first major use of photographs to tell stories in magazines. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall,_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg/220px-A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg/330px-A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg/440px-A_notable_gathering_on_the_steps_of_Hubbard_Hall%2C_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption>A notable gathering on the steps of Hubbard Hall, 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>The chairman of the National Geographic Society currently is Jean Case. Michael Ulica is president. Jill Tiefenthaler is the chief executive officer. The editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine is Susan Goldberg. <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Melville_Grosvenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Melville Grosvenor">Gilbert Melville Grosvenor</a>, a former chairman, received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2005 for his leadership in geography education. </p><p>In 2004, the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D.C., was one of the first buildings to receive a "Green" certification<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Global_Green_USA" title="Global Green USA">Global Green USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Geographic received the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Award">Prince of Asturias Award</a> for Communication and Humanities in October 2006 in <a href="/wiki/Oviedo,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Oviedo, Spain">Oviedo, Spain</a>. </p><p>National Geographic Expeditions was launched in 1999 to fulfill one of its mission and for the proceeds to go towards its mission.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the society purchased <i>Hampton-Brown</i>, an English-as-a-second-language educational material publisher, using a good part of its endowments. However, the publisher did not generate much profits. By 2009, the society's endowments were about $200 million.<sup id="cite_ref-bbg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National Geographic Ventures, its commercial arm, launched a music division, National Geographic Music and Radio, in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-c21m0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include its entertainment units.<sup id="cite_ref-vty_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the society was investigated for possible violation of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> relating to their close association with an Egyptian government official responsible for antiquities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 9, 2015, the Society announced that it would re-organize its media properties and publications into a new company known as <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>, which would be majority-owned by <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Fox" title="21st Century Fox">21st Century Fox</a> (21CF) with a 73% stake. This new, for-profit corporation, would own <i>National Geographic</i> and other magazines, as well as its affiliated television networks—most of which were already owned in joint ventures with 21CF.<sup id="cite_ref-verge-ngp_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-ngp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the Society and 21st Century Fox announced on November 2, 2015, that 9 percent of National Geographic's 2,000 employees, approximately 180 people, would be laid off, constituting the biggest staff reduction in the Society's history.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> assumed 21CF's share in National Geographic Partners, following the completion of <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">Disney's acquisition of most of 21CF assets</a> on March 20, 2019. On June 29, 2023, National Geographic laid off the remaining staff writers for their magazine and announced the end of their physical news-stand publications in the United States in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_original_founders">List of original founders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of original founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 33 original founders of the National Geographic Society in 1888:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Abbe" title="Cleveland Abbe">Cleveland Abbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Baker_(physician)" title="Frank Baker (physician)">Frank Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Baker" title="Marcus Baker">Marcus Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Bartlett_(naval_officer)" title="John Russell Bartlett (naval officer)">John Russell Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Bell_(businessman)" title="Charles J. Bell (businessman)">Charles J. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Birnie" title="Rogers Birnie">Rogers Birnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dall" class="mw-redirect" title="William Dall">William Dall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Powell_Davis" title="Arthur Powell Davis">Arthur Powell Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dutton" title="Clarence Dutton">Clarence Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gannett" title="Henry Gannett">Henry Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gannett" title="Samuel Gannett">Samuel Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_Karl_Gilbert" title="Grove Karl Gilbert">Grove Karl Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_Goode" title="George Brown Goode">George Brown Goode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Howard_Gore" title="James Howard Gore">James Howard Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Washington_Greely" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolphus Washington Greely">Adolphus Washington Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett_Hayden" title="Edward Everett Hayden">Edward Everett Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wetherbee_Henshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Wetherbee Henshaw">Henry Wetherbee Henshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Drake_Johnson" title="Willard Drake Johnson">Willard Drake Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kennan_(explorer)" title="George Kennan (explorer)">George Kennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_Melville" class="mw-redirect" title="George Wallace Melville">George Wallace Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hart_Merriam" title="Clinton Hart Merriam">Clinton Hart Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mitchell_(oceanographer)" title="Henry Mitchell (oceanographer)">Henry Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldrow_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Muldrow II">Robert Muldrow II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gouverneur_Ogden" title="Herbert Gouverneur Ogden">Herbert Gouverneur Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bramwell_Powell" title="William Bramwell Powell">William Bramwell Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Russell" title="Israel Russell">Israel Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Schley" title="Winfield Scott Schley">Winfield Scott Schley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Harris_Thompson" title="Almon Harris Thompson">Almon Harris Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Thompson" title="Gilbert Thompson">Gilbert Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hilgard_Tittmann" title="Otto Hilgard Tittmann">Otto Hilgard Tittmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clarke_Welling" title="James Clarke Welling">James Clarke Welling</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_research_and_projects">Support for research and projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Support for research and projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG/220px-National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG/330px-National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG/440px-National_Geographic_Society_Administration_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2986" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>National Geographic Society's Administration Building in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Society has helped sponsor many expeditions and research projects over the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hubbard_Medal">Hubbard Medal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hubbard Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubbard_Gold_Medal,_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG/220px-Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG/330px-Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG/440px-Hubbard_Gold_Medal%2C_Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a>'s customized medal detailing her flight route</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Medal" title="Hubbard Medal">Hubbard Medal</a> is awarded by the National Geographic Society for distinction in exploration, discovery, and research. The medal is named for <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a>, the first National Geographic Society president. The Hubbard Medal has been presented 44 times as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the most recent award going to <a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal">Alexander Graham Bell Medal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alexander Graham Bell Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal" title="IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal">IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal</a>.</div> <p>The National Geographic Society also awards, rarely, the Alexander Graham Bell Medal, for exceptional contributions to <a href="/wiki/Geographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic">geographic</a> research. The award is named after <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, scientist, inventor of the telephone and the second president of the NGS. Up to mid-2011, the medal has been twice presented: </p> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Washburn" title="Bradford Washburn">Bradford Washburn</a> and wife <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Washburn" title="Barbara Washburn">Barbara Washburn</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tomlinson" title="Roger Tomlinson">Roger Tomlinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dangermond" title="Jack Dangermond">Jack Dangermond</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Geographic_Museum">National Geographic Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Geographic Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Society operates the National Geographic Museum, located at 1145 17th Street, NW (17th and M), in Washington, D.C. The museum features changing exhibitions featuring the work of National Geographic explorers, photographers, and scientists. There are also changing exhibits related to natural history, culture, history or society. Permanent exhibits include artifacts like the camera <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> used at the North Pole and pottery that Jacques Cousteau recovered from a shipwreck.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Courtyard entrance to the National Geographic Museum"><img alt="Courtyard entrance to the National Geographic Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg/120px-National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg/180px-National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg/240px-National_Geographic_Museum_Washington_courtyard_2011_100_0367.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Courtyard entrance to the National Geographic Museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Geographic_Explorers_program">National Geographic Explorers program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: National Geographic Explorers program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NGS names individuals as "Explorers" for "exceptional individuals in their fields who receive funding and support from the Society to illuminate and protect our world through their work in science, exploration, education, and storytelling."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They consist of scientists or content producers, such as photographers and filmmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jen_Guyton,_photographer_and_scientist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jen Guyton, American photographer and ecologist"><img alt="Jen Guyton, American photographer and ecologist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg/86px-Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg/129px-Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg/172px-Jen_Guyton%2C_photographer_and_scientist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jen_Guyton" title="Jen Guyton">Jen Guyton</a>, American photographer and ecologist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suaad Al Harthi, executive director of the Environment Society of Oman (ESO)[29]"><img alt="Suaad Al Harthi, executive director of the Environment Society of Oman (ESO)[29]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg/80px-Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg/120px-Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg/160px-Dubai_Future_Forum_2024_-_Suaad_Al_Harthi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2745" data-file-height="4118" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suaad Al Harthi, executive director of the Environment Society of Oman (ESO)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_ventures">Commercial ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commercial ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>, a for-profit joint venture between <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> (which owns a 73% stake) and the Society (which owns 27%), was established in 2015 to handle commercial activities of the Society, including television channels worldwide (which were already co-owned by the Society and Fox) and magazine publications.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">assumed</a> 21CF's share of National Geographic Partners in March 2019. </p><p>Most of National Geographic Partners' businesses predate the establishment in 2015, and even the launch of National Geographic Channel in Asia and Europe by the original <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> (of which 21st Century Fox is one of the successors) in the late 1990s. </p><p>The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include Cinema Ventures, Feature Films, Kids Entertainment, Home Entertainment and Music & Radio divisions. Music and Radio division president David Beal was appointed head of Nat Geo Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-vty_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Publications">Publications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="National_Geographic"><i>National Geographic</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National Geographic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1915NatGeog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/1915NatGeog.jpg/220px-1915NatGeog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/1915NatGeog.jpg/330px-1915NatGeog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/1915NatGeog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Cover of January 1915 <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>The National Geographic Magazine</i>, later shortened to <i>National Geographic</i>, published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No. 2) issue, the magazine began using its now famous trademarked yellow border around the edge of its covers. </p><p>There are 12 monthly issues of <i>National Geographic</i> per year. The magazine contains articles about geography, popular science, world history, culture, current events and photography of places and things all over the world and universe. <i>National Geographic</i> magazine is currently published in 40 local-language editions in many countries around the world. Combined English and other language circulation is around 6.8 million monthly, with some 60 million readers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_publications">Other publications</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to its flagship magazine, the Society publishes several other periodicals: </p> <ul><li><i>National Geographic Explorer</i>: Classroom magazine. The <i>National Geographic School Bulletin</i> was launched in 1919 and was replaced by the children's magazine <i>National Geographic World</i> in 1975. <i>NG</i> <i>World</i> was separated into the current <i>National Geographic Explorer</i> and <i>National Geographic Kids</i> in 2001.</li> <li><i>National Geographic History</i>: Launched in Spring 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Kids</a></i>: A version of <i>National Geographic Magazine</i> for children, launched in 1975 under the name <i>National Geographic World</i>. It has a U.S. circulation of over 1.5 million. There are also currently 18 local-language editions of <i>NG Kids</i>, with another half million in circulation. An Arabic edition of the children's magazine was launched in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in early 2007, and more than 42,000 copies are distributed to all the public schools in Egypt, in addition to another 15,000 single-copy sales. More recently, an <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> edition were launched.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids#National_Geographic_Little_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Little Kids</a></i>: For younger children aged 3–6</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Traveler" title="National Geographic Traveler">National Geographic Traveler</a></i>: Launched in 1984. There are 18 local-language editions of <i>NG Traveler</i>.</li></ul> <p>The Society also ran an online daily news outlet called <i>National Geographic News</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the Society publishes <a href="/wiki/Atlases" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlases">atlases</a>, books, and <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">maps</a> through National Geographic Books and <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Maps" title="National Geographic Maps">National Geographic Maps</a>, commercial publishing divisions of <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>. It previously published and co-published other magazines, including <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Adventure">National Geographic Adventure</a></i>, <i>National Geographic Research</i> (a scientific journal), and others,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continues to publish special issues of various magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Society published a series of books about natural remedies and medicinal herbs. Titles include <i>Guide to Medicinal Herbs,</i> <i>Complete Guide to Natural Home Remedies,</i> <i>Nature's Best Remedies,</i> <i>Healing Remedies,</i> and <i>Natural Home Remedies.</i> The books make claims to describe, among other things, plants, herbs, and essential oils purported to help treat diseases and ailments. While giving some appropriate warnings about such concerns as anecdotal evidence and side effects are given, the books have been criticized from a medical perspective for a number of reasons. These include making recommendations that lack scientific evidence, inconsistent claims from one book to the next as well as internal contradictions, and failure to mention effective and safe alternatives. The journal <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> devoted thirty-four pages in 2019 discussing these books. Experts such as <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Hall" title="Harriet Hall">Harriet Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cees_Renckens" title="Cees Renckens">Cees Renckens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Kosmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Kosmin">Barry Kosmin</a> addressed each subject in the series of books. Summing up the series, Hall wrote in a review of the series that, "The author Nancy J. Hajeski is a fiction and nonfiction writer with no medical or scientific credentials. The forward is by Tieraona Low Dog, MD, an integrative medicine specialist. ... which is a marketing term designed to infiltrate quackery into science-based medicine."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Films_and_television">Films and television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Films and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_Geographic_Society" title="Special:EditPage/National Geographic Society">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22National+Geographic+Society%22">"National Geographic Society"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22National+Geographic+Society%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22National+Geographic+Society%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22National+Geographic+Society%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22National+Geographic+Society%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+Geographic+Society%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="National_Geographic_Films">National Geographic Films</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: National Geographic Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National Geographic Films was a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of the National Geographic Society. </p><p>National Geographic Films appointed Adam Leipzig as president in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include Cinema Ventures and Feature Films.<sup id="cite_ref-vty_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the film division and <a href="/wiki/Image_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Nation">Image Nation</a> formed a $100 million fund to develop, produce, finance and acquire over five years 10–15 films. The first film the fund invested in was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_Back_(2010_film)" title="The Way Back (2010 film)">The Way Back</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leipzig left the company in January 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 15, 2010, former Miramax president Daniel Battsek started as National Geographic Films president.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basttsek ended up also over seeing Nat Geo Cinema Ventures distribution and big screen production before he left in 2012 becoming president of <a href="/wiki/Cohen_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohen Media Group">Cohen Media Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Films it has produced include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/K-19:_The_Widowmaker" title="K-19: The Widowmaker">K-19: The Widowmaker</a></i> (2002), a feature film, submarine thriller based on the diary of a Russian submarine commander, starring <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Penguins" title="March of the Penguins">March of the Penguins</a></i> (2005) grossed more than $125 million worldwide, distributed by National Geographic Films and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Independent">Warner Independent</a><sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_Grew_Tired_of_Us" title="God Grew Tired of Us">God Grew Tired of Us</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Tale" title="Arctic Tale">Arctic Tale</a></i> (2007), a feature film documenting the story of two families of walrus and polar bears, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Monsters:_A_Prehistoric_Adventure" title="Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure">Sea Monsters</a></i> (2007), inspired by a <i>National Geographic Magazine</i> article, is a 3-D large format and reality film, with a musical score by Peter Gabriel.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_Back_(2010_film)" title="The Way Back (2010 film)">The Way Back</a></i> (2010) <sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Grader" title="The First Grader">The First Grader</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wildest_Dream" title="The Wildest Dream">The Wildest Dream</a></i> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-vty1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_a_Day_(2011_film)" title="Life in a Day (2011 film)">Life in a Day</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i>Amreeka</i><sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>City of Life and Death</i><sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Undaunted Courage: <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and the Opening of the American West</i>, a co-production for <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> by National Geographic Films,<sup id="cite_ref-vty0_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton" title="Edward Norton">Edward Norton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a>, is a 10-hour mini-series of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Ambrose">Steven Ambrose</a>'s award-winning book.</li> <li><i>Blue Man Group: Mind Blast</i><sup id="cite_ref-vty1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Restrepo</i> (July 2, 2010) Outpost Films Production; domestic rights, Sundance documentary grand jury prize winner<sup id="cite_ref-vty1_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2005, the National Geographic Society acquired the film distribution arm of Destination Cinema and entered the film distribution business.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, National Geographic partnered with pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> to produce a sponsored documentary chronicling the development of Pfizer and <a href="/wiki/BioNTech" title="BioNTech">BioNTech</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cinema_Ventures">Cinema Ventures</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cinema Ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National Geographic Cinema Ventures (NGCV) was a giant-screen, 3D and specialty films production and distribution company operated under National Geographic Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-bl_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bl-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the late 2011 American Alliance of Museums conference, National Geographic Cinema Ventures launched the Museum Partnership Program as museums want a brand for their giant screen theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-ipm_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipm-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting on February 1, 2018, Cosmic Pictures gained distribution rights to a number of the NGCV library.<sup id="cite_ref-gsca_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Museum_Partnership_Program">Museum Partnership Program</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Museum Partnership Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Museum Partnership Program is the branding and content program of National Geographic Cinema Ventures. Partner museums would receive immediate market exclusivity on their 2 new digital 3D films per year and gain access to the National Geographic organization from members to exhibition to television.<sup id="cite_ref-ipm_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipm-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were nine partner museums as of 2012: </p> <ul><li>Putnam Museum in Davenport, Iowa<sup id="cite_ref-ipm_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipm-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Films">Films</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Monsters:_A_Prehistoric_Adventure" title="Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure">Sea Monsters</a></i> (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-gsca_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Extreme Weather</i><sup id="cite_ref-gsca_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mysteries of the Unseen World</i> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-gsca_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Jerusalem</i> (2013) - produced by Cosmic Pictures; distribution; Cosmic Pictures gain rights to distribute<sup id="cite_ref-gsca_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pandas: The Journey Home</i> (2014) 40-minute, Oxford Scientific Films Production for Sky3D and NGCV, in association with the Chinese Wildlife Conservation Association, Wolong Panda Conservation Centre, CCTV9, Nat Geo WILD; international distributor<sup id="cite_ref-bl_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bl-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Television_programs">Television programs</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Television programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television programs produced by the National Geographic Society are also broadcast on television. National Geographic <a href="/wiki/Television_specials" class="mw-redirect" title="Television specials">television specials</a> and series have been aired on <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> and other networks in the United States and globally for many years. The <i>Geographic</i> series in the U.S. started on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in 1964, moved to <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> in 1973, shifted to PBS (produced by <a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>) in 1975, shifted to <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1995, and returned to PBS in 2000. It moved to <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">National Geographic Channel</a> in 2005. </p><p>It has featured stories on numerous scientific figures such as <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Leakey" title="Louis Leakey">Louis Leakey</a> that not only featured their work but as well helped make them world-famous and accessible to millions. Most of the specials were narrated by various actors, including <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Close" title="Glenn Close">Glenn Close</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hunt" title="Linda Hunt">Linda Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Keach" title="Stacy Keach">Stacy Keach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scourby" title="Alexander Scourby">Alexander Scourby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Strauss" title="Peter Strauss">Peter Strauss</a>. The specials' theme music, by <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Bernstein" title="Elmer Bernstein">Elmer Bernstein</a>, was also adopted by the National Geographic Channel. </p><p>Another long-running show is <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Explorer" title="National Geographic Explorer">National Geographic Explorer</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Television_channels">Television channels</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Television channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Global_Networks" title="National Geographic Global Networks">National Geographic Global Networks</a></div> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> launched National Geographic Channel in Asia and Europe in the late 1990s, in partnership with the Society. The Society provides programming to the National Geographic-branded channels worldwide, while, as of March 2019, <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>'s subsidiaries (<a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Television" title="Walt Disney Television">Walt Disney Television</a> in the United States and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Networks_Group" title="Fox Networks Group">Fox Networks Group</a> outside the United States) handle distribution of the channels and advertisement sales. The National Geographic Channel has begun to launch a number of sub-branded channels in international markets, such as <a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_People" title="Nat Geo People">Nat Geo People</a> and Nat Geo Kids. </p><p>The U.S. domestic version of <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (TV network)">National Geographic Channel</a> was launched in January 2001 as a joint venture of National Geographic and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Cable_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Cable Networks">Fox Cable Networks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_and_radio">Music and radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Music and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Music" title="Nat Geo Music">National Geographic Music and Radio</a> (NGMR) is the music and radio division of National Geographic Ventures. The scope of the division includes National Geographic Live! events, digital music distribution, music publishing, radio content, <a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Music" title="Nat Geo Music">Nat Geo Music</a> TV channel (available in parts of Asia and Europe) and film and TV music.<sup id="cite_ref-c21m_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c21m0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clear_Channel_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Channel Communications">Clear Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Communications">Salem Communications</a> and NPR were distribution partners.<sup id="cite_ref-c21m0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early August 2007, National Geographic Ventures announced the existence of the then-recently formed division. The division was already creating music for its feature film and kids units. Initially hired to run the division were Mark Bauman, executive vice president of radio and video production, and David Beal, head of music labels, publishing and radio operations.<sup id="cite_ref-c21m0_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With National Geographic Channels, Music and Radio on October 15, 2007, launched the Nat Geo Music channel in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-c21m_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c21m-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The society formed in October 2007 National Geographic Entertainment division to include the Music & Radio division and promoted the division president David Beal was appointed head of Nat Geo Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-vty_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vty-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the division became a full-service record label as Nat Geo Music with Mat Whittington appointed as president.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Geographical_Society" title="American Geographical Society">American Geographical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genographic_Project" title="Genographic Project">Genographic Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Maps of the United States">Maps of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Bee" title="National Geographic Bee">National Geographic Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_DeVore_III" title="Nicholas DeVore III">Nicholas DeVore III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Photo_Ark" title="The Photo Ark">The Photo Ark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Canadian Geographical Society">Royal Canadian Geographical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Open990-NatGeoSoc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InPark+Magazine&rft.atitle=Can+you+DIGSS+it%3F&rft.issue=44&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kleiman&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inparkmagazine.com%2Fcan-you-digss-it-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gsca-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gsca_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsca_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsca_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsca_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gsca_48-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantscreencinema.com/Newsroom/cosmic-picture-launches-distribution-arm-secures-rights-to-nat-geo-gs-film-library">"Cosmic Picture Launches Distribution Arm, Secures Rights to Nat Geo GS Film Library"</a>. <i>Giant Screen Cinema Association</i>. February 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Giant+Screen+Cinema+Association&rft.atitle=Cosmic+Picture+Launches+Distribution+Arm%2C+Secures+Rights+to+Nat+Geo+GS+Film+Library&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantscreencinema.com%2FNewsroom%2Fcosmic-picture-launches-distribution-arm-secures-rights-to-nat-geo-gs-film-library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c21m-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c21m_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c21m_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrook2007" class="citation news cs1">Crook, Antony Reeve (August 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c21media.net/news/nat-geo-music-tunes-up-for-italian-debut/">"Nat Geo Music tunes up for Italian debut"</a>. <i>C21media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=C21media&rft.atitle=Nat+Geo+Music+tunes+up+for+Italian+debut&rft.date=2007-08-03&rft.aulast=Crook&rft.aufirst=Antony+Reeve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c21media.net%2Fnews%2Fnat-geo-music-tunes-up-for-italian-debut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford2009" class="citation news cs1">Stableford, Dylan (January 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foliomag.com/national-geographic-launch-record-label/">"National Geographic to Launch Record Label"</a>. <i>Folio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folio&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+to+Launch+Record+Label&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foliomag.com%2Fnational-geographic-launch-record-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Poole, Robert M. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorershousena00pool"><i>Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made</i></a></span>. New York: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59420-032-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-59420-032-7"><bdi>1-59420-032-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explorers+House%3A+National+Geographic+and+the+World+it+Made&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59420-032-7&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexplorershousena00pool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_Society&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Geographic" title="Template:National Geographic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Geographic" title="Template talk:National Geographic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Geographic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Geographic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Geographic_Society252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" 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Fahey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Susan Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Gilbert M. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Johns_(photographer)" title="Chris Johns (photographer)">Chris Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_T._Kelly" title="Tim T. Kelly">Tim T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Mitchell_(editor)" title="John G. Mitchell (editor)">John G. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shelley" title="Mark Shelley">Mark Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Verano" title="John Verano">John Verano</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natgeologo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/100px-Natgeologo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/150px-Natgeologo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/200px-Natgeologo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="294" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Geographic_Partners" title="Template:National Geographic Partners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:National_Geographic_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:National Geographic Partners (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Geographic_Partners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Geographic Partners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Geographic_Partners213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A joint venture between <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> (73%) and the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic Society</a> (27%)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Adventure_(magazine)" title="National Geographic Adventure (magazine)">National Geographic Adventure</a></i> (defunct)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Traveler" title="National Geographic Traveler">National Geographic Traveler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Kids</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Global_Networks" title="National Geographic Global Networks">Television<br />channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic</li> <li>Nat Geo Kids</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Music" title="Nat Geo Music">Nat Geo Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_People" title="Nat Geo People">Nat Geo People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Abu_Dhabi" title="National Geographic Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Asia)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Australia and New Zealand)">Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Canada)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(German_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel_(Scandinavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel (Scandinavia)">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (UK and Ireland)">UK and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (Latin American TV channel)">Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Geo Wild (Canada)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild_(European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Geo Wild (European TV channel)">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Farsi" title="National Geographic Farsi">Farsi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nat Geo Kids <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Kids_Abu_Dhabi" title="Nat Geo Kids Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Kids_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nat Geo Kids (Latin American TV channel)">Latin America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Bee" title="National Geographic Bee">Bee</a> (geography competition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Endeavour" title="National Geographic Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i> (ship)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greenberg_v._National_Geographic" title="Greenberg v. National Geographic">Greenberg v. National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Medal" title="Hubbard Medal">Hubbard Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Image_Collection" title="National Geographic Image Collection">Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Maps" title="National Geographic Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society_%E2%80%93_Palomar_Observatory_Sky_Survey" title="National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey">Palomar Observatory Sky Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_World_Championship" title="National Geographic World Championship">World Championship</a> (geography competition; on hiatus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alexander_Graham_Bell187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Template:Alexander Graham Bell"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Template talk:Alexander Graham Bell"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alexander Graham Bell"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alexander_Graham_Bell187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beinn_Bhreagh" title="Beinn Bhreagh">Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_House_(Colonial_Beach,_Virginia)" title="Bell House (Colonial Beach, Virginia)">Bell House (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras_d%27Or_Lake" title="Bras d'Or Lake">Bras d'Or Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Bell_Grossman_Pillot_Memorial" title="Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial">Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_International_Congress_on_Education_of_the_Deaf" title="Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf">Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">Telephone Cases</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Melville_Bell" title="Alexander Melville Bell">Alexander Melville Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Bell" title="Chichester Bell">Chichester Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fairchild" title="David Fairchild">David Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Fairchild" title="Graham Fairchild">Graham Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_S._Grosvenor" title="Edwin S. Grosvenor">Edwin S. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Gilbert M. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_H._Grosvenor" title="Mabel H. Grosvenor">Mabel H. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Gardiner_Hubbard" title="Mabel Gardiner Hubbard">Mabel Gardiner Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Myers" title="Kendall Myers">Kendall Myers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Seymour_Allward" title="Walter Seymour Allward">Walter Seymour Allward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Bailey" title="Marcellus Bailey">Marcellus Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cowherd" title="Thomas Cowherd">Thomas Cowherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pollok" title="Anthony Pollok">Anthony Pollok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Selfridge" title="Thomas Selfridge">Thomas Selfridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_Jr._House" title="Charles Williams Jr. House">Charles Williams Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Cygnet" title="AEA Cygnet">AEA Cygnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_June_Bug" title="AEA June Bug">AEA June Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Red_Wing" title="AEA Red Wing">AEA Red Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Silver_Dart" title="AEA Silver Dart">AEA Silver Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_White_Wing" title="AEA White Wing">AEA White Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Experiment_Association" title="Aerial Experiment Association">Aerial Experiment Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing" title="Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing">Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Boatyard" title="Bell Boatyard">Bell Boatyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Oionus_I" title="Bell Oionus I">Bell Oionus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Company" title="Bell Telephone Company">Bell Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Baddeck_No._1_and_No._2" title="Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2">Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Company" title="Canadian Aerodrome Company">Canadian Aerodrome Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Schools_for_Hearing_and_Speech" title="Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech">Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictation_machine" title="Dictation machine">Dictation machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Gower-Bell_Telephone_Company_of_Europe" title="Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe">Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray_and_Alexander_Bell_telephone_controversy" title="Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy">Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphophone" title="Graphophone">Graphophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD-4" title="HD-4">HD-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Monoplane" title="Hubbard Monoplane">Hubbard Monoplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Extension_Institute" title="Life Extension Institute">Life Extension Institute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telephone_Company" title="National Telephone Company">National Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Telephone_and_Telegraph_Company" title="New England Telephone and Telegraph Company">New England Telephone and Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Telephone_Company" title="Oriental Telephone Company">Oriental Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau" title="Volta Laboratory and Bureau">Volta Laboratory and Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_National_Historic_Site" title="Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site">Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_School_(Chicago)" title="Alexander Graham Bell School (Chicago)">Alexander Graham Bell School (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_honors_and_tributes" title="Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes">Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Homestead_National_Historic_Site" title="Bell Homestead National Historic Site">Bell Homestead National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Memorial" title="Bell Memorial">Bell Telephone Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Bell_Island" title="Graham Bell Island">Graham Bell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Bras_d%27Or_(FHE_400)" title="HMCS Bras d'Or (FHE 400)">HMCS <i>Bras d'Or</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal" title="IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal">IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneers,_a_Volunteer_Network" title="Pioneers, a Volunteer Network">Pioneers, a Volunteer Network</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="The Story of Alexander Graham Bell">The Story of Alexander Graham Bell</a></i> (1939 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Silence" title="The Sound and the Silence">The Sound and the Silence</a></i> (1992 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Category:Alexander Graham Bell">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bonnier67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bonnier" title="Template:Bonnier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bonnier" title="Template talk:Bonnier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bonnier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bonnier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bonnier67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bonnier_Group" title="Bonnier Group">Bonnier</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bonnier_Corporation" title="Bonnier Corporation">Bonnier<br />Corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marlin_(magazine)" title="Marlin (magazine)">Marlin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bonnier<br />Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allt_om_Historia" title="Allt om Historia">Allt om Historia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bo_Bedre" title="Bo Bedre">Bo Bedre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FHM" title="FHM">FHM</a></i> (Norway)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Id%C3%A9nyt" title="Idényt">Idényt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penge_og_Privat%C3%B8konomi" title="Penge og Privatøkonomi">Penge og Privatøkonomi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popul%C3%A4r_Historia" title="Populär Historia">Populär Historia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Illustrated" title="Science Illustrated">Illustrerad Vetenskap</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bonnier<br />Tidskrifter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glamour_(Sweden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glamour (Sweden) (page does not exist)">Glamour</a></i> (Sweden)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamratposten" title="Kamratposten">Kamratposten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mama_(magazine)" title="Mama (magazine)">Mama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6aktuellt" title="Miljöaktuellt">Miljöaktuellt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nya_Aff%C3%A4rer" title="Nya Affärer">Nya Affärer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teknikens_V%C3%A4rld" title="Teknikens Värld">Teknikens Värld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veckans_Aff%C3%A4rer" title="Veckans Affärer">Veckans Affärer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veckorevyn" title="Veckorevyn">Veckorevyn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bonnier Media<br />Deutschland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArsEdition" title="ArsEdition">arsEdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsen_Verlag" title="Carlsen Verlag">Carlsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Verlag" title="Piper Verlag">Piper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Westend_Verlag" title="Westend Verlag">Westend</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bonnierförlagen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bonniers_f%C3%B6rlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Bonniers förlag">Albert Bonniers förlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahlstr%C3%B6m_%26_Widstrand" title="Wahlström & Widstrand">Wahlström & Widstrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cappelen_Damm" title="Cappelen Damm">Cappelen Damm</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammi_(company)" title="Tammi (company)">Tammi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SF_Studios" title="SF Studios">SF Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SF_Film_Finland" title="SF Film Finland">SF Film Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SF_Anytime" title="SF Anytime">SF Anytime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Dagens_Nyheter" title="Dagens Nyheter">Dagens Nyheter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Expressen" title="Expressen">Expressen</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Helsingborgs_Dagblad" title="Helsingborgs Dagblad">Helsingborgs Dagblad</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sydsvenskan" title="Sydsvenskan">Sydsvenskan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84rip%C3%A4ev" title="Äripäev">Äripäev</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dagbladet_B%C3%B8rsen" title="Dagbladet Børsen">Børsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dagens_industri" title="Dagens industri">Dagens industri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delov%C3%B5je_Vedomosti" title="Delovõje Vedomosti">Delovõje Vedomosti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delovoy_Peterburg" title="Delovoy Peterburg">Delovoy Peterburg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finance_(newspaper)" title="Finance (newspaper)">Finance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puls_Biznesu" title="Puls Biznesu">Puls Biznesu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Zambrano" title="María Zambrano">María Zambrano</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bunge" title="Mario Bunge">Mario Bunge</a></li> <li>1983: <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> newspaper</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_S%C3%A1nchez-Albornoz" title="Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz">Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Globo" title="Grupo Globo">Grupo Globo</a></li> <li>1987: <i><a href="/wiki/El_Espectador" title="El Espectador">El Espectador</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/El_Tiempo_(Colombia)" title="El Tiempo (Colombia)">El Tiempo</a></i> newspapers</li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horacio_S%C3%A1enz_Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horacio Sáenz Guerrero (page does not exist)">Horacio Sáenz Guerrero</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_La%C3%ADn_Entralgo" title="Pedro Laín Entralgo">Pedro Laín Entralgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fondo_de_Cultura_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Fondo de Cultura Económica">Fondo de Cultura Económica</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_University,_San_Salvador" title="Central American University, San Salvador">José Simeón Cañas Central American University</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Mar%C3%ADa_Anson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis María Anson (page does not exist)">Luis María Anson</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Garc%C3%ADa_G%C3%B3mez" title="Emilio García Gómez">Emilio García Gómez</a></li> <li>1993: <i><a href="/wiki/Vuelta_(magazine)" title="Vuelta (magazine)">Vuelta</a></i> magazine by Octavio Paz</li> <li>1994: Spanish <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Missions</a> in Rwanda and Burundi</li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE Agency</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_L%C3%B3pez_Aranguren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Luis López Aranguren (page does not exist)">José Luis López Aranguren</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Indro_Montanelli" title="Indro Montanelli">Indro Montanelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Julián Marías">Julián Marías</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Mohn" title="Reinhard Mohn">Reinhard Mohn</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Caro_and_Cuervo_Institute" title="Caro and Cuervo Institute">Caro and Cuervo Institute</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/George_Steiner" title="George Steiner">George Steiner</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kapu%C5%9Bci%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kapuściński">Ryszard Kapuściński</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Daniel" title="Jean Daniel">Jean Daniel</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance française">Alliance française</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Società Dante Alighieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goethe-Institut" title="Goethe-Institut">Goethe-Institut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Instituto Camões">Instituto Camões</a></li> <li>2006: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic Society</a></li> <li>2007: <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> journals</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">National Autonomous University of Mexico</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Touraine" title="Alain Touraine">Alain Touraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz" title="Annie Leibovitz">Annie Leibovitz</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Quino" title="Quino">Quino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Communication_and_Humanities59" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Lled%C3%B3" title="Emilio Lledó">Emilio Lledó Íñigo</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/James_Nachtwey" title="James Nachtwey">James Nachtwey</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Les_Luthiers" title="Les Luthiers">Les Luthiers</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Alma_Guillermoprieto" title="Alma Guillermoprieto">Alma Guillermoprieto</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_International_Book_Fair" title="Guadalajara International Book Fair">Guadalajara International Book Fair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hay_Festival" title="Hay Festival">Hay Festival of Literature & Arts</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Adam_Michnik" title="Adam Michnik">Adam Michnik</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Nuccio_Ordine" title="Nuccio Ordine">Nuccio Ordine</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Marjane_Satrapi" title="Marjane Satrapi">Marjane Satrapi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167186#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167186#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167186#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121946610">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158995319">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125337718">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531786/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1009626-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79042179">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866632n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866632n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00261044">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35170381">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Geographic Society (Spojené státy americké)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003164398&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX130397">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/241542">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Geographic Society (U.S.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7017061">Norway</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Geographic Society"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90067020">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/9780">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007317764305171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007265986005171">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513911506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0089000X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6f0dcf4a-c151-4a60-ab2b-3668555a58c0">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/328510">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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