CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9219a57bad6c5e3c',cH: 'RHxXgF9RyqA7jIMJsd_KZY7LRHewjWxmJRwoWLVQinA-1742184687-1.2.1.1-NGxaDOSVXf.zVgZ7rK2JRqjXpcpFEbM6wjQ_xNw7g7Si_bhgDB8X0f2MKeO4iu8Y',cUPMDTk: "\/2078\/json?__cf_chl_tk=Wg4n8QUHZ88qk6Q_er0Ac8YWfIio_mVDiRdRapiZoL4-1742184687-1.0.1.1-qOSaW3jlJdFwPBlFZwsHvGYBjjL.qW2ggmMg83IybdY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1742184687',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/2078\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=Wg4n8QUHZ88qk6Q_er0Ac8YWfIio_mVDiRdRapiZoL4-1742184687-1.0.1.1-qOSaW3jlJdFwPBlFZwsHvGYBjjL.qW2ggmMg83IybdY",md: "lQd6a8fIYRBbItBywilF3As9L0G6gyf6ltrG9Duo_Io-1742184687-1.2.1.1-ZYQvK1TQYSVnfErHPEi.xCue8QNIYMegHGgtuQxqG8TX6gvSRb8Fq2R4.CHUnxCCqqeTp91WD7nRbOFjd06O8rg36TOd3bg7oZjmQdu9I4RXaJVbCasdB37g9y1AfBYisXaCNFD0R0d4XS0IHxv5Q3zPcK31aIq39W5q64oLU0ZkNKvtdQZgmk3EO4N52fyUKn2AHjM2Y88VI4ETXpNhOUFguG8Salg7MU8Ov4z8U_hx0zjR.A2qPJphxD7ESxcAOGHJVZ8uWPEXRhZQMOJRErY6xtyyvzqyt3g9UxIN8F.yhPLyhl3CeOE5tORcKin2qGWSu9h.hTkqE0pN0KUjMDi_W._Mt5z97ogI2Dn5X9nPO8ETISX7rysUl.LBL.3V06oZaJOZORjkThX4SCDZ3EamMpJW1Gh2SCJiAaclJeTu_j_hoHOZ1K2dM62zFN12srGiDl37x3hS81VCSssCk1mXYQ0QteE3JYeVBpr1JeqzFWSVVaRNxi8WXXr3oAiVt9lQ4VbB9r.a2TGVONkIRnTCuNElV7MecSwyk5sUZ34dMCq7HIFbSwLwlXHsjnDs2k0lEomIPdIbdpxAY2YDmmA0EANUxUfN2n9DK8zioFPOYii0qzQUVQZfNI2hIQhLiSsv7QiOZVeRvC.TmRzR7nRnua1P7ftBRGW6kSyAYQnQR4zjhVePRPtRr5uaWSeIXejVhuFZg7mGT8_JRSG8zZYVOulzXmped.GaU49Dcl6973PqG7VQcwRXEnsFfJ030XnybcvjXqxC.ezcO10c3P31kSTRiAV3Lc1r1.mqSlGs.c1tp4qnkUvngcx2oZbxvrxZBChHQ_IDRCVHRHCNzwUZiUJVyP4Vr.mH4TcHguQuSfkQTr43PlKDn.gwhqw.exoIdHbmuGdhIXPerfCWSbKfUqERfafljfhjFC.A6WzdA8UCWXIb1YO9nIKxlsslhInJR7YiE7GdXltlym_xFrWpeK9y7NidtWB69kIpWCKAJES9RhrxmJsn8aXXYujKEnJtbt7H2QksDwJTFwJWkoKiEOhbPRfH7UT2_RiG98jtnvqKPyUHEeAoBXOv.5k5ZhZoNsw.Uk4bCrhqdojpCGsZ6Ak0YALSK2i8X.H9pn4LRGV4ydSeTANFISjtcZrZGczneTf0bcyhX_bTnyJwMPiHBtxYVOGw9d_SYR8O8iGjQ0oZe.yldlAXQeH09pNxrc2wKyWs6bxgkuAuH1MEHA",mdrd: "G.03ujLDNn2EFYMuw9zhjAtGktta6QNJL11lsQdVH5A-1742184687-1.2.1.1-DDhuXe.h09ZF.3ZV7ZpIAc_.uMnOEJEK_m.9KInXEpzvCl0DKCpy8XkZ2mcOqLRdCCy9LYI4yRbvQlT23ZhDgxuwwF2NeleMAo12qzjmMqNkIj6cIFVBnphBixt0w90cwqSuMQgeYUsPupQ7GW7A3tv8ZAeva1upQnHD0Zk6sbrkyjPG1QxNWAyh8CI5LWw2jv.WH8I5wtlt0psSFZgfOdVWmfZJ_XeHY3HbjuUlIS..OXuIy_m.pa2HwY1FDvgPMxhvOCVuJd8dKnSSudHhdz6Yswf.Tq49N28cna2mzcaI5iqo41LtdD4Bi2RGo7AlY8f_2Jw5c3R3ARDBamOyhAPh54V_ahmA4ddBRlRwYcDoT.0HuMjkMJhQx3dV2InwB6wc.mFnSAqpmtOEviMbgzxIHsNPwlyjqFMutAoJ.hY2aASJAMhfMrsgWtE1ZfnekJwscLOkdDDP1LHAV0C9p2MPRbuuBQis5vP_bMuUAdAjAJ1dWXeQ0cdv3IsVjRt6tNOeej.iy5lHisAqrScSRVqcS2j2PdOOy9YbTdsm5gXV9H2iz6dEYaj2s_o2acOngZjZlHH0VjUXzSwmLcR1qDNXFOA1mrSaY8RDWLOtoz6kACA7vTt.siKIk7qMaTpKkE9aRN1dW0BWZ24XRAzrgY.irvyna2CxgsTmRnPZqFHb9qNsi5rPzaT9Tly8XKfwo20QoPcXheYDnhhrtNeEAtbTKMXpZNqfaMASXzT4PQbMIHOJJ_4ejZ4virQg_KSujJSDMlAS0_rjmHw1.x67m8V1b.2syTNLNJWlONE5QPSJH9ku1sUydkCk7nIevLXfWwQkGsUfS9be1YYbk74MUgFMl0xwXss6YRdA1jHWbjutqb1VayUe_RsYlVazuZ3d7moAQnJbeHf9NG.GBTDAFt847uvh2VT1Fp0wBmTZqt6VDus3PjZ5_suxlyTyYf8twStkQk7GY6ThvP5w6ENzyHacifwMueb89toDKt7puFa1O1Ojlqx7GvrtSBEIiDTN7AL9a2FuJ5_mbi2rAUrvwfspe2QzRReak1vm.LNGF34fpsrLa2aFYpQ6m1pntHp.pKxILDG0CWUqhDV1f_MR6whlodCy9A0PdfR5hvFfuFYHM7gPlxUkwb4e63g3572ndsm4_zb2nPZHwh3OWLktcZfFbbGQokv69lXkyWpzJhqIEdHDBEssEyIfdcIwGffokhTNzyadgFuTd22UZF.Vr.OkizdfmOJWqSVoLxpss7PhS0gbJBNSLyq2wC.sWifUyTbXe.A3esy.R63c7wdPfHv1G8yZjGmkQvNX_0YAtsAPsycR8Vbn4RNKzMyc0QhJy0._p_.xHknZW.OuvORQor43bmYtHtzr8D7zKURCxlBlymhqtl._wGPYpeZDEWvw8NVqNeZ2YGD9.KpsKStjSda_5LTKyrDS2PyvaxR2zF8XrZqGl3s_TYsrShV5SahsJI2fVrsNUb60dV0wJWHvo9H4bveSm4lGmrki_unJt8YLYUHtx5kUPIC2lYGtuDiNJixQpYYrxHK87UsK2uBiBNmd2oQTfs9mlh83tRRQv8qqb3eNTat3RQSfyQBMJvSwQBmnoPMnLj9nw27GM.bRuw7.RjlLPTGE4k.NnpE7rHmBkYQ7CrHL3R86LZvMeEbU9JVZxIxG06R0KPI4yVTJgLtS_KumDQnwIjJVvVuumc_gvQVngijnYyYhuTsFVR9YwPJKZo8nQmVVMayQOVYj6RALrFZPWQfsUx8KHF3QWqZmrX92aACvHSKDCtmRi2acjUjX8.T7CFZaObbyOKN7Q27R3mAOoyNZDf1Ty6dwBZHfSYfRYmp6ozDNz6aR93C5wJiema._dQsUP7JgoHi5bbOyysZK.JSZ5ATkf7E1t5IFXyeL3iNoqvhB5wDvB8ODBWV6bsMwMSLCt6tUCLKJWJ_EeCDzrC569I6pcp6MfutxpbxdR0_TocNzV7RC0hGOFTWtOkRV8EmUyG_xrbXjB.BMKJlrdFtoPFtLdikrPJxaUEXmdiPlYrivB4Y.oU13UX9xJ5Gw7S0MEk_v74145FEhkN3uQPgyfa24wYtgcUc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9219a57bad6c5e3c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/2078\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Wg4n8QUHZ88qk6Q_er0Ac8YWfIio_mVDiRdRapiZoL4-1742184687-1.0.1.1-qOSaW3jlJdFwPBlFZwsHvGYBjjL.qW2ggmMg83IybdY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>