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id="toc-Prehistory_and_founding_myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_founding_myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory and founding myths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_founding_myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corinth_under_the_Bacchiadae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corinth_under_the_Bacchiadae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Corinth under the Bacchiadae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corinth_under_the_Bacchiadae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corinth_under_the_tyrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corinth_under_the_tyrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Corinth under the tyrants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corinth_under_the_tyrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaic_Corinth_after_the_tyrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaic_Corinth_after_the_tyrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Archaic Corinth after the tyrants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaic_Corinth_after_the_tyrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_Corinth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_Corinth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Classical Corinth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_Corinth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peloponnesian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peloponnesian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Peloponnesian War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peloponnesian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corinthian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corinthian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Corinthian War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corinthian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-379–323_BC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#379–323_BC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>379–323 BC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-379–323_BC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_Roman_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_Roman_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Classical Roman era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_Roman_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biblical_Corinth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_Corinth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Biblical Corinth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_Corinth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Roman_(Byzantine)_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Roman_(Byzantine)_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Medieval Roman (Byzantine) era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Roman_(Byzantine)_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principality_of_Achaea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principality_of_Achaea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Principality of Achaea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principality_of_Achaea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Ottoman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_city_and_its_environs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_city_and_its_environs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ancient city and its environs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_city_and_its_environs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient city and its environs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_city_and_its_environs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acrocorinth,_the_acropolis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acrocorinth,_the_acropolis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Acrocorinth, the acropolis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acrocorinth,_the_acropolis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_ports:_Lechaeum_and_Cenchreae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_ports:_Lechaeum_and_Cenchreae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Two ports: Lechaeum and Cenchreae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_ports:_Lechaeum_and_Cenchreae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excavations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excavations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Excavations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excavations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Corinth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Corinth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern Corinth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Corinth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Important_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Important monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ancient Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancient Corinth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="قورنثوس القديمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قورنثوس القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հին Կորնթոս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հին Կորնթոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Древен Коринт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древен Коринт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Corint" title="Antiga Corint – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiga Corint" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth_(arkiyolohiyang_dapit_sa_Gresya)" title="Ancient Corinth (arkiyolohiyang dapit sa Gresya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ancient Corinth (arkiyolohiyang dapit sa Gresya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korinth_(antike_Stadt)" title="Korinth (antike Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Korinth (antike Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αρχαία Κόρινθος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Κόρινθος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Corinto" title="Antigua Corinto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antigua Corinto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_Corinthe_dans_l%27Antiquit%C3%A9" title="Histoire de Corinthe dans l'Antiquité – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de Corinthe dans l'Antiquité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSean-Choraint" title="An tSean-Choraint – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSean-Choraint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinto_antiga" title="Corinto antiga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corinto antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%B0%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="고대 코린토스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 코린토스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korinthos" title="Korinthos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Korinthos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rin%C3%BEa_til_forna" title="Kórinþa til forna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kórinþa til forna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinto_(citt%C3%A0_antica)" title="Corinto (città antica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corinto (città antica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ძველი კორინთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველი კორინთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen%C4%81_Korinta" title="Senā Korinta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Senā Korinta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_Korintas" title="Senovės Korintas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senovės Korintas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4rinto_tamin%27_ny_Andro_Taloha" title="Kôrinto tamin' ny Andro Taloha – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôrinto tamin' ny Andro Taloha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%AB_G%C5%8F%CC%A4-l%C3%ACng-d%C5%8F%CC%A4" title="Gū Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gū Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud_Korinthe" title="Oud Korinthe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oud Korinthe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korinthi_i_lasht%C3%AB" title="Korinthi i lashtë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Korinthi i lashtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancient Corinth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dni_Korint" title="Antični Korint – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antični Korint" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevni_Korint" title="Drevni Korint – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drevni Korint" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korintti" title="Korintti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korintti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korinth_(fornl%C3%A4mning)" title="Korinth (fornlämning) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korinth (fornlämning)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaunang_Corinto" title="Sinaunang Corinto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinaunang Corinto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="பண்டைய கொரிந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டைய கொரிந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korinth_(antik_kent)" title="Korinth (antik kent) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korinth (antik kent)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84" title="Стародавній Коринф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ancient_Corinth&params=37.9053455_N_22.8801924_E_type:landmark_scale:10000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°54′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°52′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.9053455°N 22.8801924°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.9053455; 22.8801924</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient city-state in mainland Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient city of Corinth. For the modern city, see <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ancient_Corinth&params=37.9053455_N_22.8801924_E_type:landmark_scale:10000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°54′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°52′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.9053455°N 22.8801924°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.9053455; 22.8801924</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Corinth</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κόρινθος</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϙόρινθος</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">900 BC–146 BC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravel_1008.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver tridrachm from Corinth, c. 345–307 BC of Corinth"><img alt="Silver tridrachm from Corinth, c. 345–307 BC of Corinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/300px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/450px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></div> <div>Silver tridrachm from Corinth, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 345</span>–307 BC</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of ancient Corinth"><img alt="Map of ancient Corinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg/250px-Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg/375px-Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg/500px-Isthmus_of_Corinth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of ancient Corinth</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstruction of the city of Corinth"><img alt="Reconstruction of the city of Corinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg/250px-Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg/375px-Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg/500px-Reconstruction_of_ancient_Corinthos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5861" data-file-height="2401" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Reconstruction of the city of Corinth</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in ancient Greece">Greek polytheism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Antiquity">Classical Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Founding </div></th><td class="infobox-data">900 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Cypselus" title="Cypselus">Cypselus</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">657–627 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corinth_(146_BC)" title="Battle of Corinth (146 BC)">Captured and razed by Romans</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">146 BC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Corinth</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒr/: 'or' in 'moral'">ɒr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KORR</span>-inth</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κόρινθος</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Korinthos</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ϙόρινθος</span>; <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Corinthus</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a></i>) on the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a>, the narrow stretch of land that joins the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> peninsula to the mainland of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, roughly halfway between <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. The modern city of <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins. Since 1896, systematic archaeological investigations of the <a href="/wiki/Corinth_Excavations" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinth Excavations">Corinth Excavations</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_School_of_Classical_Studies_at_Athens" title="American School of Classical Studies at Athens">American School of Classical Studies at Athens</a> have revealed large parts of the ancient city, and recent excavations conducted by the Greek Ministry of Culture have brought to light important new facets of antiquity. </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, Corinth is well known from the two letters from <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First Epistle to the Corinthians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">Second Epistle to the Corinthians</a>. Corinth is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>'s missionary travels. In addition, the second book of <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i> is devoted to Corinth. </p><p>Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece, with a population of 90,000 in 400 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> demolished Corinth in 146 BC, built a new city in its place in 44 BC, and later made it the provincial capital of Greece. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_founding_myths">Prehistory and founding myths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory and founding myths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ancient_Corinth" title="Special:EditPage/Ancient Corinth">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> pottery suggests that the site of Corinth was occupied from at least as early as 6500 BC, and continually occupied into the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Early Bronze Age</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when, it has been suggested, the settlement acted as a centre of trade.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is a huge drop in ceramic remains during the <a href="/wiki/Helladic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic period">Early Helladic II phase</a> and only sparse ceramic remains in the EHIII<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and MH<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> phases; thus, it appears that the area was very sparsely inhabited in the period immediately before the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean period</a>. There was a settlement on the coast near <a href="/wiki/Lechaio" title="Lechaio">Lechaion</a> which traded across the Corinthian Gulf; the site of Corinth itself was likely not heavily occupied again until around 900 BC, when it is believed that the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a> settled there.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Corinthian myth as reported by <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, the city was founded by <a href="/wiki/Corinthus" title="Corinthus">Corinthos</a>, a descendant of the god <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other myths hold that it was founded by the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ephyra_(mythology)" title="Ephyra (mythology)">Ephyra</a>, a daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titan</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a>, thus the ancient name of the city (also Ephyra). </p><p>It seems likely that Corinth was also the site of a Bronze Age Mycenaean palace-city, like <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiryns" title="Tiryns">Tiryns</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a>. According to myth, <a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a> was the founder of a race of ancient kings at Corinth. It was also in Corinth that <a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a>, abandoned <a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Ships" title="Catalogue of Ships">Catalogue of Ships</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> lists the Corinthians amid the contingent fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>. </p><p>In a Corinthian myth recounted to <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> in the 2nd century AD,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Briareus, one of the <a href="/wiki/Hecatonchires" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatonchires">Hecatonchires</a>, was the arbitrator in a dispute between <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, respectively gods of the sea and the sun. His verdict was that the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a>, the area closest to the sea, belonged to Poseidon, and the acropolis of Corinth (<a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a>), closest to the sky, belonged to Helios.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pirene_(fountain)" title="Pirene (fountain)">Upper Peirene</a> spring is located within the walls of the acropolis. Pausanias (2.5.1) says that it was put there by <a href="/wiki/Asopus#Boeotian_Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a>, repaying <a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a> for information about the abduction of <a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a> by Zeus.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend, the winged horse <a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a> drank at the spring,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was captured and tamed by the Corinthian hero <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corinth_under_the_Bacchiadae">Corinth under the Bacchiadae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Corinth under the Bacchiadae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bacchiadae" title="Bacchiadae">Bacchiadae</a></div> <p>Corinth had been a backwater in Greece in the 8th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bacchiadae" title="Bacchiadae">Bacchiadae</a> (Ancient Greek: Βακχιάδαι <i>Bakkhiadai</i>) were a tightly-knit <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Doric clan</a> and the ruling kinship group of archaic Corinth in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, a period of expanding Corinthian cultural power. In 747 BC (a traditional date), an <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocracy (government)">aristocracy</a> ousted the Bacchiadai Prytaneis and reinstituted the kingship, about the time the Kingdom of Lydia (the <a href="/wiki/Endonymic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonymic">endonymic</a> <i>Basileia Sfard</i>) was at its greatest, coinciding with the ascent of Basileus Meles, King of Lydia. The Bacchiadae, numbering perhaps a couple of hundred adult males, took power from the last king Telestes (from the House of <a href="/wiki/Sisyphos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisyphos">Sisyphos</a>) in Corinth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bacchiads dispensed with kingship and ruled as a group, governing the city by annually electing a <i><a href="/wiki/Prytanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prytanis">prytanis</a></i> (who held the kingly position<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his brief term),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably a council (though none is specifically documented in the scant literary materials), and a <i><a href="/wiki/Polemarch" title="Polemarch">polemarchos</a></i> to head the army. </p><p>During Bacchiad rule from 747 to 650 BC, Corinth became a unified state. Large scale public buildings and monuments were constructed at this time. In 733 BC, Corinth established colonies at <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>. By 730 BC, Corinth emerged as a highly advanced Greek city with at least 5,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> tells the story of Philolaus of Corinth, a Bacchiad who was a lawgiver at Thebes. He became the lover of <a href="/wiki/Diocles_of_Corinth" title="Diocles of Corinth">Diocles</a>, the winner of the Olympic games. They both lived for the rest of their lives in Thebes. Their tombs were built near one another and Philolaus' tomb points toward the Corinthian country, while Diocles' faces away.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 657 BC, polemarch <a href="/wiki/Cypselus" title="Cypselus">Cypselus</a> obtained an oracle from <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> which he interpreted to mean that he should rule the city.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">seized power</a> and exiled the Bacchiadae.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corinth_under_the_tyrants">Corinth under the tyrants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Corinth under the tyrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cypselus" title="Cypselus">Cypselus</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cypselus" title="Cypselus">Cypselus</a> or Kypselos (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κύψελος</span>) was the first <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> in the 7th century BC. From 658–628 BC, he removed the Bacchiad aristocracy from power and ruled for three decades. He built temples to <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and Poseidon in 650 BC. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg/220px-Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg/330px-Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg/440px-Korinth_BW_2017-10-10_10-55-28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8179" data-file-height="6032" /></a><figcaption>The Temple of Apollo was built in the Doric order on the ruins of earlier temple, being a good example of peripteral temple, supported by 38 columns, 7 of which are still in place.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/220px-Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/330px-Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/440px-Archeological_Site_in_Ancient_Corinth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The archeological site located close to Temple of Apollo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/220px-Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/330px-Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg/440px-Ancient_Theater_in_Archeological_site_of_Ancient_Corinth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2373" /></a><figcaption>The archeological site of Ancient Theater first built in Corinth in 5th c. BC. The Theater could seat around 15,000 spectators.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cypselus was the son of <a href="/wiki/E%C3%ABtion" class="mw-redirect" title="Eëtion">Eëtion</a> and a disfigured woman named <a href="/wiki/Labda_(mythology)" title="Labda (mythology)">Labda</a>. He was a member of the Bacchiad kin and usurped the power in archaic matriarchal right of his mother. According to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, the Bacchiadae heard two prophecies from the <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> that the son of <a href="/wiki/Eetion" title="Eetion">Eëtion</a> would overthrow their dynasty, and they planned to kill the baby once he was born. However, the newborn smiled at each of the men sent to kill him, and none of them could bear to strike the blow. </p><p>Labda then hid the baby in a chest,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the men could not find him once they had composed themselves and returned to kill him. (Compare the infancy of <a href="/wiki/Perseus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus (mythology)">Perseus</a>.) The <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> chest of Cypselus was richly worked and adorned with <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>. It was a votive offering at <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> gave it a minute description in his 2nd century AD travel guide.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cypselus grew up and fulfilled the prophecy. Corinth had been involved in wars with <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a>, and the Corinthians were unhappy with their rulers. Cypselus was <a href="/wiki/Polemarch" title="Polemarch">polemarch</a> at the time (around 657 BC), the <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archon</a> in charge of the military, and he used his influence with the soldiers to expel the king. He also expelled his other enemies, but allowed them to set up <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">colonies</a> in northwestern Greece. </p><p>He also increased trade with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation#Magna_Graecia:_mainland_Italy_and_Sicily" title="Greek colonisation">colonies in Italy and Sicily</a>. He was a popular ruler and, unlike many later tyrants, he did not need a bodyguard and died a natural death. <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> reports that "Cypselus of Corinth had made a vow that if he became master of the city, he would offer to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> the entire property of the Corinthians. Accordingly, he commanded them to make a return of their possessions."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city sent forth colonists to found new settlements in the 7th century BC, under the rule of Cypselus (r. 657–627 BC) and his son <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> (r. 627–587 BC). Those settlements were <a href="/wiki/Epidamnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidamnus">Epidamnus</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>), <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse, Italy">Syracuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambracia" title="Ambracia">Ambracia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">town of Corfu</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Actium" title="Actium">Anactorium</a>. Periander also founded <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Illyria">Apollonia</a> in Illyria (modern day <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">Fier</a>, Albania) and <a href="/wiki/Potidaea" title="Potidaea">Potidaea</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Chalcidice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcidice">Chalcidice</a>). Corinth was also one of the nine Greek sponsor-cities to found the colony of <a href="/wiki/Naukratis" class="mw-redirect" title="Naukratis">Naukratis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, founded to accommodate the increasing trade volume between the Greek world and pharaonic Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Psammetichus I">Psammetichus I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">26th Dynasty</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg/220px-CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg/330px-CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg/440px-CorintoScaviTempioApollo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, Ancient Corinth</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg/220px-Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg/330px-Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg/440px-Periander_Pio-Clementino_Inv276.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2862" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> (<i>Περίανδρος</i>) (r. 627–587 BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>He ruled for thirty years and was succeeded as tyrant by his son <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> in 627 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treasury that Cypselus built at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> was apparently still standing in the time of Herodotus, and the <a href="/wiki/Chest_of_Cypselus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest of Cypselus">chest of Cypselus</a> was seen by Pausanias at Olympia in the 2nd century AD. <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> brought Corcyra to order in 600 BC. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> was considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wise_Men_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Wise Men of Greece">Seven Wise Men of Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, the first Corinthian <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">coins</a> were struck. He was the first to attempt to cut across the Isthmus to create a seaway between the Corinthian and the Saronic Gulfs. He abandoned the venture due to the extreme technical difficulties that he met, but he created the <a href="/wiki/Diolkos" title="Diolkos">Diolkos</a> instead (a stone-built overland ramp). The era of the Cypselids was Corinth's golden age, and ended with Periander's nephew <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psammetichus_(Corinthian_tyrant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psammetichus (Corinthian tyrant) (page does not exist)">Psammetichus (Corinthian tyrant)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammetich_(Tyrann)" class="extiw" title="de:Psammetich (Tyrann)">de</a>]</span>, named after the hellenophile Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus I (see above). </p><p>Periander killed his wife Melissa. His son Lycophron found out and shunned him, and Periander exiled the son to <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periander later wanted Lycophron to replace him as ruler of Corinth, and convinced him to come home to Corinth on the condition that Periander go to Corcyra. The Corcyreans heard about this and killed Lycophron to keep away Periander.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaic_Corinth_after_the_tyrants">Archaic Corinth after the tyrants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archaic Corinth after the tyrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>581 BC: Periander's nephew and successor was assassinated, ending the tyranny. </p><p>581 BC: the <a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a> were established by leading families. </p><p>570 BC: the inhabitants started to use silver coins called 'colts' or 'foals'. </p><p>550 BC: Construction of the Temple of Apollo at Corinth (early third quarter of the 6th century BC).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>550 BC: Corinth allied with <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. </p><p>525 BC: Corinth formed a conciliatory alliance with Sparta against Argos. </p><p>519 BC: Corinth mediated between Athens and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thebes_(Boeotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)">Thebes</a>. </p><p>Around 500 BC: Athenians and Corinthians entreated Spartans not to harm Athens by restoring the tyrant.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just before the classical period, according to <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>, the Corinthians developed the <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">trireme</a> which became the standard warship of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> until the late Roman period. Corinth fought the first naval battle on record against the Hellenic city of <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thuc1:13_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thuc1:13-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corinthians were also known for their wealth due to their strategic location on the isthmus, through which all land traffic had to pass en route to the Peloponnese, including messengers and traders.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_Corinth">Classical Corinth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classical Corinth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravel_1008.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/220px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/330px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/440px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Corinthian <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">stater</a>. Obverse: <a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">Koppa</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/8px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/12px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/16px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span>) (or Qoppa) beneath. Reverse: <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> wearing Corinthian helmet. Koppa symbolised the archaic spelling of the city name (Ϙόρινθος).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg/220px-Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg/330px-Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg/440px-Korinthos_Statues_2008-09-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3791" data-file-height="2441" /></a><figcaption>Statues in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Ancient_Corinth" title="Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth">Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg/220px-GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg/330px-GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg/440px-GR-korinth-tempel-octavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a> columns in ancient Corinth</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical times</a>, Corinth rivaled <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thebes_(Boeotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)">Thebes</a> in wealth, based on the Isthmian traffic and trade. Until the mid-6th century, Corinth was a major exporter of <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure pottery</a> to city-states around the Greek world, later losing their market to Athenian artisans. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical times</a> and earlier, Corinth had <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphrodite_at_Acrocorinth" title="Temple of Aphrodite at Acrocorinth">a temple of Aphrodite</a>, the goddess of love, employing some thousand <a href="/wiki/Hetaera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetaera">hetairas</a> (temple prostitutes) (see also <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece#Temple_prostitution_in_Corinth" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Temple prostitution in Corinth</a>). The city was renowned for these temple prostitutes, who served the wealthy merchants and the powerful officials who frequented the city. <a href="/wiki/Lais_(Corinth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lais (Corinth)">Lais</a>, the most famous hetaira, was said to charge tremendous fees for her extraordinary favours. Referring to the city's exorbitant luxuries, Horace is quoted as saying: "<i>non licet omnibus adire Corinthum</i>" ("Not everyone is able to go to Corinth").<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_2004_76_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone_2004_76-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corinth was also the host of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a>. During this era, Corinthians developed the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a>, the third main style of classical architecture after the <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a>. The Corinthian order was the most complicated of the three, showing the city's wealth and the luxurious lifestyle, while the Doric order evoked the rigorous simplicity of the Spartans, and the Ionic was a harmonious balance between these two following the cosmopolitan philosophy of Ionians like the Athenians. </p><p>The city had two main ports: to the west on the Corinthian Gulf lay <a href="/wiki/Lechaio" title="Lechaio">Lechaion</a>, which connected the city to its western colonies (Greek: <a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">apoikiai</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, while to the east on the Saronic Gulf the port of <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Kenchreai</a> served the ships coming from Athens, <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. Both ports had docks for the city's large navy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorintoScaviStrada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CorintoScaviStrada.jpg/220px-CorintoScaviStrada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CorintoScaviStrada.jpg/330px-CorintoScaviStrada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CorintoScaviStrada.jpg/440px-CorintoScaviStrada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Street in ancient Corinth</figcaption></figure> <p>In 491 BC, Corinth mediated between <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a> in Sicily. </p><p>During the years 481–480 BC, the Conference at the Isthmus of Corinth (following conferences at Sparta) established the Hellenic League, which allied under the Spartans to fight the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>. The city was a major participant in the Persian Wars, sending 400 soldiers to defend <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae" title="Battle of Thermopylae">Thermopylae</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supplying forty warships for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a> under <a href="/wiki/Adeimantus_of_Corinth" title="Adeimantus of Corinth">Adeimantos</a> and 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Hoplites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoplites">hoplites</a> with their characteristic <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian helmets</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) in the following <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plataea" title="Battle of Plataea">Battle of Plataea</a>. The Greeks obtained the surrender of Theban collaborators with the Persians. Pausanias took them to Corinth where they were put to death.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae" title="Battle of Thermopylae">Battle of Thermopylae</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Battle of Artemisium</a>, which resulted in the captures of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-L248_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L248-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a> were at a point where now most of mainland Greece to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a> had been overrun.<sup id="cite_ref-Warfare_in_the_Ancient_World_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warfare_in_the_Ancient_World-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corinthian_capital.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Corinthian_capital.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Herodotus, who was believed to dislike the Corinthians, mentions that they were considered the second best fighters after the Athenians.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 458 BC, Corinth was defeated by Athens at <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peloponnesian_War">Peloponnesian War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Peloponnesian War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 435 BC, Corinth and its colony <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a> went to war over <a href="/wiki/Epidamnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidamnus">Epidamnus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 433 BC, Athens allied with Corcyra against Corinth.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corinthian war against the Corcyrans was the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 431 BC, one of the factors leading to the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> was the dispute between Corinth and Athens over Corcyra, which possibly stemmed from the traditional trade rivalry between the two cities or, as Thucydides relates - the dispute over the colony of Epidamnus.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syracusans sent envoys to Corinth and Sparta to seek allies against <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Athenian invasion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corinthians "voted at once to aid [the Syracusans] heart and soul".<sup id="cite_ref-Thucydides,_Book_6.88_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thucydides,_Book_6.88-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corinthians also sent a group to Lacedaemon to rouse Spartan assistance. After a convincing speech from the Athenian renegade <a href="/wiki/Alcibiades" title="Alcibiades">Alcibiades</a>, the Spartans agreed to send troops to aid the Sicilians.<sup id="cite_ref-Thucydides,_Book_6.88_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thucydides,_Book_6.88-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 404 BC, Sparta refused to destroy Athens, angering the Corinthians. Corinth joined <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, and Athens against Sparta in the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Demosthenes later used this history in a plea for magnanimous statecraft, noting that the Athenians of yesteryear had had good reason to hate the Corinthians and Thebans for their conduct during the Peloponnesian War,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet they bore no malice whatever.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corinthian_War">Corinthian War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corinthian War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 395 BC, after the end of the Peloponnesian War, Corinth and Thebes, dissatisfied with the hegemony of their Spartan allies, moved to support Athens against Sparta in the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an example of facing danger with knowledge, Aristotle used the example of the Argives who were forced to confront the Spartans in the battle at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Walls_of_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Walls of Corinth (page does not exist)">Long Walls of Corinth</a> in 392 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="379–323_BC"><span id="379.E2.80.93323_BC"></span>379–323 BC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 379–323 BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 379 BC, Corinth, switching back to the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a>, joined <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sparta" title="History of Sparta">Sparta</a> in an attempt to defeat Thebes and eventually take over Athens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 366 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Athenian_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian Assembly">Athenian Assembly</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Chares_of_Athens" title="Chares of Athens">Chares</a> to occupy the Athenian ally and install a democratic government. This failed when Corinth, Phlius and Epidaurus allied with <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>. </p><p>Demosthenes recounts how Athens had fought the Spartans in a great battle near Corinth. The city decided not to harbor the defeated Athenian troops, but instead sent heralds to the Spartans. But the Corinthian heralds opened their gates to the defeated Athenians and saved them. Demosthenes notes that they “chose along with you, who had been engaged in battle, to suffer whatever might betide, rather than without you to enjoy a safety that involved no danger.”<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These conflicts further weakened the <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">city-states</a> of the Peloponnese and set the stage for the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> warned that Philip's military force exceeded that of Athens and thus they must develop a tactical advantage. He noted the importance of a citizen army as opposed to a mercenary force, citing the mercenaries of Corinth who fought alongside citizens and defeated the Spartans.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 338 BC, after having defeated Athens and its allies, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> created the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> to unite Greece (included Corinth and Macedonia) in the war against Persia. Philip was named <a href="/wiki/Hegemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegemon">hegemon</a> of the League. </p><p>In the spring of 337 BC, the Second congress of Corinth established the <a href="/wiki/Common_Peace" title="Common Peace">Common Peace</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 332 BC, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> was in control of Greece, as hegemon. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic period</a>, Corinth, like many other Greece cities, never quite had autonomy. Under the successors of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, Greece was contested ground, and Corinth was occasionally the battleground for contests between the <a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a>, and other Hellenistic powers. In 308 BC, the city was captured from the Antigonids by Ptolemy I, who claimed to come as a liberator of Greece from the Antigonids. However, the city was recaptured by <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius</a> in 304 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corinth remained under Antigonid control for half a century. After 280 BC, it was ruled by the faithful governor <a href="/wiki/Craterus_(historian)" title="Craterus (historian)">Craterus</a>; but, in 253/2 BC, his son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Corinth" title="Alexander of Corinth">Alexander of Corinth</a>, moved by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemaic</a> subsidies, resolved to challenge the Macedonian supremacy and seek independence as a tyrant. He was probably poisoned in 247 BC; after his death, the Macedonian king <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II Gonatas</a> retook the city in the winter of 245/44 BC. </p><p>The Macedonian rule was short-lived. In 243 BC, <a href="/wiki/Aratus_of_Sicyon" title="Aratus of Sicyon">Aratus of Sicyon</a>, using a surprise attack, captured the fortress of Acrocorinth and convinced the citizenship to join the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a>. </p><p>Thanks to an alliance agreement with Aratus, the Macedonians recovered Corinth once again in 224 BC; but, after the Roman intervention in 197 BC, the city was permanently brought into the Achaean League. Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Philopoemen" title="Philopoemen">Philopoemen</a>, the Achaeans went on to take control of the entire Peloponnesus and made Corinth the capital of their confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_Roman_era">Classical Roman era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Classical Roman era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tony_robert-fleury,_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto,_ante_1870.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG/310px-Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG/465px-Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG/620px-Tony_robert-fleury%2C_l%27ultimo_giorno_di_corinto%2C_ante_1870.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption><i>The Last Day of Corinth</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Robert-Fleury" title="Tony Robert-Fleury">Tony Robert-Fleury</a>. 19th-century depiction of the Roman sack of the city</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg/220px-CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg/330px-CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg/440px-CorintoScaviMuseoStatuaDipinta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Roman statue in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Ancient_Corinth" title="Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth">Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 146 BC, Rome declared <a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">war</a> on the Achaean League. A series of Roman victories culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corinth_(146_BC)" title="Battle of Corinth (146 BC)">Battle of Corinth</a>, after which the army of <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mummius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Mummius">Lucius Mummius</a> besieged, captured, and burned the city. Mummius killed all the men and sold the women and children into slavery; he was subsequently given the <a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a> <i>Achaicus</i> as the conqueror of the Achaean League.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is archeological evidence of some minimal habitation in the years afterwards, but Corinth remained largely deserted until <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> refounded the city as <i>Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis</i> (‘colony of Corinth in honour of Julius’) in 44 BC, shortly before his <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Julius_Caesar" title="Assassination of Julius Caesar">assassination</a>. At this time, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Amphitheatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Amphitheatre (page does not exist)">amphitheatre</a> was built. (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ancient_Corinth&params=37.909824_N_22.892078_E_type:landmark_region:GR&title=Corinth+%28Corinth%29"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°54′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°53′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.909824°N 22.892078°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.909824; 22.892078</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Corinth (Corinth)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> ) </p><p>Under the Romans, Corinth was rebuilt as a major city in Southern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> or <a href="/wiki/Achaea_(ancient_region)" title="Achaea (ancient region)">Achaia</a>. It had a large<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mixed population of Romans, Greeks, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Jews</a>. The city was an important locus for activities of <a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">The Roman Imperial Cult</a>, and both Temple E<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Julian Basilica<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been suggested as locations of imperial cult activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biblical_Corinth">Biblical Corinth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Biblical Corinth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Early centers of Christianity § Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorintoScaviFonte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CorintoScaviFonte.jpg/220px-CorintoScaviFonte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CorintoScaviFonte.jpg/330px-CorintoScaviFonte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/CorintoScaviFonte.jpg/440px-CorintoScaviFonte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(fountain)" title="Pirene (fountain)">Pirene fountain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Corinth is mentioned many times in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, largely in connection with <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle#Second_missionary_journey" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle's mission there</a>, testifying to the success of Caesar's refounding of the city. Traditionally, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Corinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Corinth">Church of Corinth</a> is believed to have been founded by Paul, making it an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic See">Apostolic See</a>. </p><p>The apostle Paul first visited the city in AD 49 or 50, when <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Iunius_Gallio_Annaeanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Iunius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a>, the brother of <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Annaeus Seneca">Seneca</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Proconsul" title="Proconsul">proconsul</a> of Achaia.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul resided here for eighteen months (see <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#18:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 18:11</a>). Here he first became acquainted with <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a>, with whom he later traveled. They worked here together as tentmakers (from which is derived the modern Christian concept of <a href="/wiki/Tentmaking" title="Tentmaking">tentmaking</a>), and regularly attended the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. In AD 51/52, Gallio presided over the <a href="/wiki/Claudius%27_expulsion_of_Jews_from_Rome#Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome">trial of the Apostle Paul</a> in <a href="#Biblical_Corinth">Corinth</a>. This event provides a secure date for the book of the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> within the Bible. <a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a> rejoined Paul here, having last seen him in <a href="/wiki/Berea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berea (Bible)">Berea</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18:5&version=nkjv">Acts 18:5</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18:6&version=nkjv">Acts 18:6</a> suggests that Jewish refusal to accept his preaching here led Paul to resolve no longer to speak in the synagogues where he travelled: "From now on I will go to the Gentiles".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on his arrival in <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18:19&version=nkjv">Acts 18:19</a>), the narrative records that Paul went to the synagogue to preach. </p><p>Paul wrote at least two <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">epistles</a> to the Christian church, the <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First Epistle to the Corinthians</a> (written from Ephesus) and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">Second Epistle to the Corinthians</a> (written from <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a>). The first Epistle occasionally reflects the conflict between the thriving Christian church and the surrounding community. </p><p>Some scholars believe that Paul visited Corinth for an intermediate "painful visit" (see <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#2:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 2:1</a>) between the first and second epistles. After writing the second epistle, he stayed in Corinth for about three months<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the late winter, and there wrote his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on clues within the Corinthian epistles themselves, some scholars have concluded that Paul wrote possibly as many as four <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">epistles</a> to the church at Corinth.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only two are contained within the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">Second Epistles to the Corinthians</a>); the other two letters are lost. (The lost letters would probably represent the very first letter that Paul wrote to the Corinthians and the third one, and so the First and Second Letters of the canon would be the second and the fourth if four were written.) Many scholars think that the third one (known as the "letter of the tears"; see 2 Cor 2:4) is included inside the canonical <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">Second Epistle to the Corinthians</a> (it would be chapters 10–13). This letter is not to be confused with the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">Third Epistle to the Corinthians</a>", which is a pseudepigraphical letter written many years after the death of Paul. </p><p>There are speculations from Bruce Winter that the Jewish access to their own food in Corinth was disallowed after Paul's departure. By this theory, Paul had instructed Christian Gentiles to maintain Jewish access to food according to their dietary laws. This speculation is contested by Rudolph who argues that there is no evidence to support this theory. He instead argues that Paul had desired the Gentile Christians to remain assimilated within their Gentile communities and not adopt Jewish dietary procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudolph2016_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudolph2016-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Roman_(Byzantine)_era"><span id="Medieval_Roman_.28Byzantine.29_era"></span>Medieval Roman (Byzantine) era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medieval Roman (Byzantine) era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(theme)" title="Peloponnese (theme)">Peloponnese (theme)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acrocorinto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Acrocorinto.jpg/220px-Acrocorinto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Acrocorinto.jpg/330px-Acrocorinto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Acrocorinto.jpg/440px-Acrocorinto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The walled gates of <a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city was largely destroyed in the earthquakes of AD 365 and AD 375, followed by <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric</a>'s invasion in 396. The city was rebuilt after these disasters on a monumental scale, but covered a much smaller area than previously. Four churches were located in the city proper, another on the citadel of the <a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a>, and a monumental <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> at the port of <a href="/wiki/Lechaion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechaion">Lechaion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (527–565), a large stone wall was erected from the Saronic to the Corinthian gulfs, protecting the city and the Peloponnese peninsula from the barbarian invasions from the north. The stone wall was about six miles (10 km) long and was named <a href="/wiki/Hexamilion_wall" title="Hexamilion wall">Hexamilion</a> ("six-miles"). </p><p>Corinth declined from the 6th century on, and may even have fallen to barbarian invaders in the early 7th century. The main settlement moved from the lower city to the Acrocorinth. Despite its becoming the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellas_(theme)" title="Hellas (theme)">Hellas</a> and, after c. 800, of the theme of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(theme)" title="Peloponnese (theme)">Peloponnese</a>, it was not until the 9th century that the city began to recover, reaching its apogee in the 11th and 12th centuries, when it was the site of a flourishing <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">silk industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 856, an earthquake in Corinth killed an estimated 45,000.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wealth of the city attracted the attention of the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Normans" title="Italo-Normans">Italo-Normans</a> under <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>, who plundered it in 1147, carrying off many captives, most notably silk weavers. The city never fully recovered from the Norman sack.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principality_of_Achaea">Principality of Achaea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Principality of Achaea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the sack of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, a group of Crusaders under the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> knights <a href="/wiki/William_of_Champlitte" title="William of Champlitte">William of Champlitte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_I_Villehardouin" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey I Villehardouin">Geoffrey of Villehardouin</a> carried out the conquest of the Peloponnese. The Corinthians resisted the Frankish conquest from their stronghold in Acrocorinth, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Sgouros" title="Leo Sgouros">Leo Sgouros</a>, from 1205 until 1210. In 1208 Leo Sgouros killed himself by riding off the top of Acrocorinth, but resistance continued for two more years. Finally, in 1210 the fortress fell to the Crusaders, and Corinth became a full part of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a>, governed by the <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Villehardouin" title="Geoffrey of Villehardouin">Villehardouins</a> from their capital in <a href="/wiki/Andravida" title="Andravida">Andravida</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Elis" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Elis">Elis</a>. Corinth was the last significant town of Achaea on its northern borders with another crusader state, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a>. The Ottomans captured the city in 1395. The Byzantines of the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Despotate of the Morea</a> recaptured it in 1403, and the Despot <a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Palaiologos" title="Theodore II Palaiologos">Theodore II Palaiologos</a>, restored the Hexamilion wall across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a> in 1415. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_rule">Ottoman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ottoman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1458, five years after the final <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a>, the Turks of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conquered the city and its mighty castle. The Ottomans renamed it <i>Gördes</i> and made it a <i><a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a></i> (district) centre within the <a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia Eyalet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> captured the city in 1687 during the <a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a>, and it remained under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Morea" title="Kingdom of the Morea">Venetian control</a> until the Ottomans retook the city in 1715. Corinth was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Mora_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mora Eyalet">Mora Eyalet</a> in 1715–1731 and then again a <i>sanjak</i> capital until 1821. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg/220px-Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg/330px-Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg/440px-Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann_-_Corinth_with_Akrocorinth_-_WGA20150.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption><i>Corinth with Acrocorinth</i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Joseph_Rottmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann">Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann</a>, 1847</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>, 1821–1830 the city was contested by the Ottoman forces. At that time, the Christian <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> tribes living to the north of the Isthmus of Corinth attacked the acropolis of the city. They were around 2000 musketeers against the Ottoman troops.<sup id="cite_ref-Isabella_2023_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isabella_2023-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was officially liberated in 1832 after the <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1832" title="London Conference of 1832">Treaty of London</a>. In 1833, the site was considered among the candidates for the new capital city of the recently founded <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a>, due to its historical significance and strategic position. <a href="/wiki/Nafplio" title="Nafplio">Nafplio</a> was chosen initially, then <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_city_and_its_environs">Ancient city and its environs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ancient city and its environs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acrocorinth,_the_acropolis"><span id="Acrocorinth.2C_the_acropolis"></span>Acrocorinth, the acropolis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Acrocorinth, the acropolis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a></div> <p><i>Acrocorinthis</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a> of ancient Corinth, is a monolithic rock that was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century. The city's archaic acropolis, already an easily defensible position due to its geomorphology, was further heavily fortified during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> as it became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Thema</a> of Hellas. Later it was a fortress of the Franks after the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, the Venetians and the Ottoman Turks. With its secure water supply, Acrocorinth's <a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a> was used as the last line of defense in southern Greece because it commanded the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">isthmus of Corinth</a>, repelling foes from entry into the Peloponnesian peninsula. Three circuit walls formed the man-made defense of the hill. The highest peak on the site was home to a <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temple</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> which was <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianized</a> as a church, and then became a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American School began excavations on it in 1929. Currently, Acrocorinth is one of the most important medieval castle sites of Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_ports:_Lechaeum_and_Cenchreae">Two ports: Lechaeum and Cenchreae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Two ports: Lechaeum and Cenchreae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Corinth had two harbours: <a href="/wiki/Lechaeum" title="Lechaeum">Lechaeum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian Gulf">Corinthian Gulf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cenchreae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenchreae">Cenchreae</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a>. Lechaeum was the principal port, connected to the city with a set of <a href="/wiki/Long_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Long walls">long walls</a> of about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) length, and was the main trading station for Italy and Sicily, where there were many Corinthian colonies, while Cenchreae served the commerce with the Eastern Mediterranean. Ships could be transported between the two harbours by means of the <a href="/wiki/Diolkos" title="Diolkos">diolkos</a> constructed by the tyrant <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavations">Excavations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Excavations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg/300px-Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg/450px-Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg/600px-Corinth_excavation_view_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>View of the excavations in 1898.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg/300px-Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg/450px-Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg/600px-Corinth_excavation_view_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>View of the excavations in 1905.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Corinth Excavations</b> by the <a href="/wiki/American_School_of_Classical_Studies_at_Athens" title="American School of Classical Studies at Athens">American School of Classical Studies at Athens</a> began in 1896 and have continued with little interruption until today. Restricted by the modern village of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ancient Corinth</a>, which directly overlies the ancient city, the main focus of School investigations has been on the area surrounding the mid-6th century B.C. Temple of Apollo. This dominating monument has been one of the only features of the site visible since antiquity. Archaeologists such as <a href="/wiki/Bert_Hodge_Hill" title="Bert Hodge Hill">Bert Hodge Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Blegen" title="Carl Blegen">Carl Blegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Dinsmoor" title="William Bell Dinsmoor">William Dinsmoor Sr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Broneer" title="Oscar Broneer">Oscar Broneer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Carpenter" title="Rhys Carpenter">Rhys Carpenter</a> worked to uncover much of the site before WWII.<sup id="cite_ref-Corinth_Multimedia_Presentation_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corinth_Multimedia_Presentation-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, under the leadership of directors Henry Robinson (1959-1965), Charles K. Williams II (1965-1997) and Guy D. R. Sanders (1997–present), excavation has clarified the archaeological history of the city. Investigations have revealed remains extending from the Early Neolithic period (6500-5750 B.C.) through to early modern times. </p><p>Archaeological work has also been done outside the immediate area of the village center including at the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Acrocorinth" title="Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth</a>, in the Potters’ Quarter, at the sites of the Sanctuary of Asklepios and the Kenchreian Gate Basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-demeter1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demeter1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current investigations focus on the area of the Panayia Field, located to the southeast of the Forum. School excavations and projects affiliated to the ASCSA have also intensively explored the wider area of the Corinthia including the surrounding settlements of Korakou, <a href="/wiki/Kenchreai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenchreai">Kenchreai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isthmia_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmia (ancient city)">Isthmia</a>. Finds from these works are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Ancient_Corinth" title="Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth">Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Corinth">Modern Corinth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Modern Corinth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a></div> <p>In 1858, the village surrounding the ruins of Ancient Corinth was destroyed by an earthquake, leading to the establishment of New <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> 3 km (1.9 mi) NE of the ancient city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Important_monuments">Important monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Important monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Demeter_and_Kore_on_Acrocorinth" title="Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth">Acrocorinth Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asklepieion_of_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asklepieion of Corinth (page does not exist)">Asklepieion of Corinth</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepieion_(Korintti)" class="extiw" title="fi:Asklepieion (Korintti)">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_Julia_(Corinth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilica Julia (Corinth) (page does not exist)">Basilica Julia (Corinth)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliusten_basilika" class="extiw" title="fi:Juliusten basilika">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bema_(Ancient_Corinth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bema (Ancient Corinth) (page does not exist)">Bema (Ancient Corinth)</a> (later Church of Apostle Paul)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Glauke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fountain of Glauke (page does not exist)">Fountain of Glauke</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauken_l%C3%A4hde" class="extiw" title="fi:Glauken lähde">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(fountain)" title="Pirene (fountain)">Peirene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Odeion_at_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Odeion at Corinth (page does not exist)">Roman Odeion at Corinth</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeion_(Korintti)" class="extiw" title="fi:Odeion (Korintti)">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacred_Spring_of_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacred Spring of Corinth (page does not exist)">Sacred Spring of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Stoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Stoa (page does not exist)">South Stoa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4stoa_(Korintti)" class="extiw" title="fi:Etelästoa (Korintti)">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_E_at_Corinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple E at Corinth (page does not exist)">Temple E at Corinth</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavian_temppeli" class="extiw" title="fi:Octavian temppeli">fi</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Apollo_(Corinth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple of Apollo (Corinth) (page does not exist)">Temple of Apollo (Corinth)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonin_temppeli_(Korintti)" class="extiw" title="fi:Apollonin temppeli (Korintti)">fi</a>]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaicus_of_Corinth" title="Achaicus of Corinth">Achaicus</a> (1st century AD), Christian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_of_Nicomedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian of Nicomedia">Adrian of Corinth</a> (3rd century AD), Christian saint and martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Corinth" title="Archias of Corinth">Archias</a> (8th century BC), founder of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmon_of_Corinth" title="Desmon of Corinth">Desmon</a> (8th century BC), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinarchus" title="Dinarchus">Dinarchus</a> (4th century BC), orator and logographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocles_of_Corinth" title="Diocles of Corinth">Diocles</a> (8th century BC), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Sinope" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes of Sinope">Diogenes of Sinope</a>, 4th century BC, one of the world's best known <a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)" title="Cynicism (philosophy)">cynics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelus_of_Corinth" title="Eumelus of Corinth">Eumelus</a> (8th century BC), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphranor" title="Euphranor">Euphranor</a> (4th century BC), sculptor and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a> (7th century BC), listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_(martyr)" title="Quadratus (martyr)">Quadratus</a> (4th century AD), Christian saint and martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoleon" title="Timoleon">Timoleon</a> (4th century BC), statesman and general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeniades" title="Xeniades">Xeniades</a> (5th century BC), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon_of_Corinth" title="Xenophon of Corinth">Xenophon</a> (5th century BC), athlete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_the_Anchorite" title="Cyriacus the Anchorite">Cyriacus the Anchorite</a> (5th century), Christian saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Moerbeke" title="William of Moerbeke">William of Moerbeke</a> (13th century), first translator of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s works into <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcmaeon_in_Corinth" title="Alcmaeon in Corinth">Alcmaeon in Corinth</a></i>, a play by Greek dramatist Euripides, premiered in 405 BC</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Corinth" title="The Queen of Corinth">The Queen of Corinth</a></i>, a play by English dramatist John Fletcher, published in 1647</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_bronze" title="Corinthian bronze">Corinthian bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDillonGarland2000" class="citation book cs1">Dillon, Matthew; <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Garland" title="Lynda Garland">Garland, Lynda</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PD14aQTG05UC"><i>Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Socrates (c. 800–399 B.C.)</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415217552" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415217552"><bdi>978-0415217552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greece%3A+Social+and+Historical+Documents+from+Archaic+Times+to+the+Death+of+Socrates+%28c.+800%E2%80%93399+B.C.%29&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0415217552&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Garland%2C+Lynda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPD14aQTG05UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavezzi2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lavezzi, J. C. (2003). "Corinth before the Myceneans". <i>Corinth</i>. <b>20</b>: 63–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4390716">10.2307/4390716</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4390716">4390716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corinth&rft.atitle=Corinth+before+the+Myceneans&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=63-74&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4390716&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4390716%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lavezzi&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlegen1920" class="citation journal cs1">Blegen, C. W. (1920). "Corinth in Prehistoric Times". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F497547">10.2307/497547</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/497547">497547</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191377774">191377774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Corinth+in+Prehistoric+Times&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191377774%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F497547%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F497547&rft.aulast=Blegen&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbabin1948" class="citation journal cs1">Dunbabin, T. J. (1948). "The Early History of Corinth". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Hellenic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Hellenic Studies">Journal of Hellenic Studies</a></i>. <b>68</b>: 59–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F626300">10.2307/626300</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/626300">626300</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162279819">162279819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Early+History+of+Corinth&rft.volume=68&rft.pages=59-69&rft.date=1948&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162279819%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F626300%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F626300&rft.aulast=Dunbabin&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, <i>Description of Greece</i> 2.1.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euripides, <i>Medea</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, <i>Description of Greece</i> ii. 1.6 and 4.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grummond and Ridgway, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sKT6M2rdN9gC&pg=PA69">69</a>, "Helios' higher position would correspond to the sun's location in the sky versus Poseidon's lower venue in the sea, opposite <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> on land."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias2A.html">"Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.1–14 – Theoi Classical Texts Library"</a>. Theoi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pausanias%2C+Description+of+Greece+2.1%E2%80%9314+%E2%80%93+Theoi+Classical+Texts+Library&rft.pub=Theoi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FText%2FPausanias2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony, J. <i>Collecting Ancient Greek Coins Part Seven: Corinth</i> Coins and Antiquities magazine August 1999 p.51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Édouard Will, <i>Korinthiaka: recherches sur l'histoire et la civilisation de Corinth des origines aux guerres médiques</i> (Paris: Boccard) 1955.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Telestes was murdered by two Bacchiads named Arieus and Perantas. (Smith, <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</i>, vol. I p. 450). It has been debated what extent this early history is a genealogical myth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">; (Stewart Irvin Oost, "Cypselus the Bacchiad" <i>Classical Philology</i> <b>67</b>.1 (January 1972, pp. 10–30) p. 10f.) See: <i><a href="/wiki/Rex_sacrorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex sacrorum">rex sacrorum</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 7.9.6; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> 2.4.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2006" class="citation book cs1">Storey, Glenn (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P43ChiFyVVEC&pg=PA37"><i>Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches</i></a>. University of Alabama Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817352462" title="Special:BookSources/978-0817352462"><bdi>978-0817352462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urbanism+in+the+Preindustrial+World%3A+Cross-Cultural+Approaches&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0817352462&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP43ChiFyVVEC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Politics</i>, 1274a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 5.92 E</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His mother had been of the Bacchiadae, but she was lame and married outside the clan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological</a> myth-element to account for the name Cypselus (<i>cypsele</i>, "chest")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pausanias, 5.18.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Economics</i>, Book 2. 1346a, Aristotle</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 5.92F</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Eminent_Philosophers/Book_I#Prologue" class="extiw" title="s:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers/Book I">Diogenes Laertius, i. 13.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 3.52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 3.53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus relates that <a href="/wiki/Arion" title="Arion">Arion</a> the harpist was sailing home on a Corinthian vessel when the crew decided to rob and kill him. He begged them to let him sing a last song before killing him. He threw himself overboard and escaped to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Matapan" title="Cape Matapan">Taernarus</a> on the back of a dolphin. He presented himself to <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a>, who then condemned the sailors (Herodotus <i>Histories</i> Book 1.24).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bookidis N., "Corinthian Terracotta Sculpture and the Temple of Apollo," Hesperia 69, 4, 2000, p. 386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 5.93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thuc1:13-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thuc1:13_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> 1:13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>,</i> Book 1:13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone_2004_76-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stone_2004_76_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2004" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Jon R. (2004). <i>The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations</i>. Psychology Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415969093" title="Special:BookSources/0415969093"><bdi>0415969093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Latin+Quotations&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0415969093&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Jon+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 7:202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Book 9:88, Herodotus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L248-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L248_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazenby1993" class="citation book cs1">Lazenby, John Francis (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mVRwQgAACAAJ"><i>The Defence of Greece, 490–479 B.C.</i></a> Aris & Phillips. pp. 248–253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0856685910" title="Special:BookSources/978-0856685910"><bdi>978-0856685910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Defence+of+Greece%2C+490%E2%80%93479+B.C.&rft.pages=248-253&rft.pub=Aris+%26+Phillips&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0856685910&rft.aulast=Lazenby&rft.aufirst=John+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmVRwQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warfare_in_the_Ancient_World-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warfare_in_the_Ancient_World_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCareyAllfreeCairns2006" class="citation book cs1">Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua; Cairns, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OSfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32"><i>Warfare in the Ancient World</i></a>. Pen and Sword. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848846302" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848846302"><bdi>978-1848846302</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1848846302&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Brian+Todd&rft.au=Allfree%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Cairns%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OSfBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Histories</i>, Herodotus, Book 9:105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Peloponnesian War</i>, Thucydides, Book 1.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Peloponnesian War</i>, Thucydides, Book 1.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucycdides, Book 1, "The dispute over Corcyra", 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucydides, Book 1.24-1.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucydides, Book 6.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thucydides,_Book_6.88-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thucydides,_Book_6.88_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thucydides,_Book_6.88_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucydides, Book 6.88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">especially the latter part, the Decelan War</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>On The Crown</i> Book 18.96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>On the Peace</i>, <a href="/wiki/Isocrates" title="Isocrates">Isocrates</a>, Speech 68, section 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Hellenica_(Xenophon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenica (Xenophon)">Hellenica</a></i>, Books 3–7, <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicomachean Ethics, Book 3.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demosthenes <i><a href="/wiki/Against_Leptines" title="Against Leptines">Against Leptines</a></i> 20.52–20.53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Philippic I</i>, Book 4.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipley, G. 2000. <i>The Greek World After Alexander 323–30 BC</i>. London: Routledge (pp. 121–122).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipley, G. 2000. <i>The Greek World After Alexander 323–30 BC</i>. London: Routledge (pp. 137–138).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipley, G. 2000. <i>The Greek World After pAlexander 323–30 BC</i>. London: Routledge (pp. 384–385).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josiah Russell, in "Late Ancient and Medieval Population", estimates 50,000 people in Roman Corinth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalbank1989" class="citation journal cs1">Walbank, Mary (1989). "Pausanias, Octavia and Temple E at Corinth". <i>The Annual of the British School at Athens</i>. <b>84</b>: 385–386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0068245400021055">10.1017/S0068245400021055</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191854233">191854233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annual+of+the+British+School+at+Athens&rft.atitle=Pausanias%2C+Octavia+and+Temple+E+at+Corinth&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=385-386&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0068245400021055&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191854233%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Walbank&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottonVanderpoolRoncaglia2014" class="citation book cs1">Scotton, Paul; Vanderpool, Catherine; Roncaglia, Carolynn (2014). <i>Actas VIII Congreso Internacional Arqueología Clásica</i>. Museo Nacional de Arte Romano. p. 1629. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8460679493" title="Special:BookSources/978-8460679493"><bdi>978-8460679493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Actas+VIII+Congreso+Internacional+Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Cl%C3%A1sica&rft.pages=1629&rft.pub=Museo+Nacional+de+Arte+Romano&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8460679493&rft.aulast=Scotton&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Vanderpool%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Roncaglia%2C+Carolynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+18:12&version=nkjv">Acts 18:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul and Barnabas had said the same thing to the Jews of Antioch in Acts 13:46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#20:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 20:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant,_T._A.1982" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, T. A. (1982). <i>Today's Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Bethany House Publishers, NY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Today%27s+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Bethany+House+Publishers%2C+NY&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Bryant%2C+T.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orr, William F. and James Arthur Walther (1976). <i>1 Corinthians: A New Translation</i> (Anchor Bible). Doubleday, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudolph2016-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rudolph2016_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J._Rudolph2016" class="citation book cs1">David J. Rudolph (21 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTVQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA100"><i>A Jew to the Jews: Jewish Contours of Pauline Flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23. Second Edition</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 100–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1498296168" title="Special:BookSources/978-1498296168"><bdi>978-1498296168</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Jew+to+the+Jews%3A+Jewish+Contours+of+Pauline+Flexibility+in+1+Corinthians+9%3A19%E2%80%9323.+Second+Edition&rft.pages=100-&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.isbn=978-1498296168&rft.au=David+J.+Rudolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTVQDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODB-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODB_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gregory, Timothy E. (1991). "Corinth". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. London and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 531–533. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195046526" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195046526"><bdi>978-0195046526</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corinth&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=531-533&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0195046526&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Timothy+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gunn" class="citation book cs1">Gunn, Angus Macleod (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadisa00gunn"><i>Encyclopedia of Disasters: Environmental Catastrophes and Human Tragedies</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadisa00gunn/page/n94">32</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Disasters%3A+Environmental+Catastrophes+and+Human+Tragedies&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=Angus+Macleod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediadisa00gunn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isabella_2023-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isabella_2023_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsabella2023" class="citation book cs1">Isabella, Maurizio (2023). <i>Southern Europe in the Age of Revolutions</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Europe+in+the+Age+of+Revolutions&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Isabella&rft.aufirst=Maurizio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412122831/https://madainproject.com/acrocorinth_mosque">"Acrocorinth Mosque (Τζαμιού του Ακροκόρινθου)"</a>. <i>Madain Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madainproject.com/acrocorinth_mosque">the original</a> on 12 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madain+Project&rft.atitle=Acrocorinth+Mosque+%28%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadainproject.com%2Facrocorinth_mosque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corinth_Multimedia_Presentation-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Corinth_Multimedia_Presentation_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112133359/http://www3.ascsa.edu.gr/media/corinth/corinth.html">"Chronicle of Corinth Excavations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.ascsa.edu.gr/media/corinth/corinth.html">the original</a> on 2011-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+Corinth+Excavations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.ascsa.edu.gr%2Fmedia%2Fcorinth%2Fcorinth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Corinth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demeter1-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demeter1_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Bookidis and R. S. Stroud, <i>Corinth XVIII, iii: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: Topography and Architecture</i>, Princeton 1997.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A. B. West, <i>Corinth VIII, ii: Latin Inscriptions, 1896-1926</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.</li> <li>A. N. Stillwell and J. L. Benson, <i>Corinth XV, iii: The Potters’ Quarter: The Pottery</i>, Princeton 1984.</li> <li>A. N. Stillwell, <i>Corinth XV, i: The Potters’ Quarter</i>, Princeton 1948.</li> <li>A. N. Stillwell, <i>Corinth XV, ii: The Potters' Quarter: The Terracottas</i>, Princeton 1952.</li> <li>Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins. <i>Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece.</i> New York: Facts on File. 1997.</li> <li>Alcock, Susan E. and Robin Osborne (ed.s). <i>Classical Archaeology</i> Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 2007.</li> <li>B. D. Meritt, <i>Corinth VIII, i: Greek Inscriptions, 1896-1927</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.</li> <li>B. H. Hill, <i>Corinth I, vi: The Springs: Peirene, Sacred Spring, Glauke</i>, Princeton 1964.</li> <li>British Admiralty charts: BA1085, BA1093, BA1600</li> <li>C. A. Roebuck, <i>Corinth XIV: The Asklepieion and Lern</i>a, Princeton 1951.</li> <li>C. H. Morgan, <i>Corinth XI: The Byzantine Pottery</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1942.</li> <li>C. K. Williams and N. Bookidis, <i>Corinth XX: The Centenary</i>, Princeton 2003.</li> <li>C. W. Blegen, H. Palmer, and R. S. Young, <i>Corinth XIII: The North Cemetery</i>, Princeton 1964.</li> <li>C. W. Blegen, O. Broneer, R. Stillwell, and A. R. Bellinger, <i>Corinth III, i: Acrocorinth: Excavations in 1926</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1930.</li> <li>D. A. Amyx and P. Lawrence, <i>Corinth VII, ii: Archaic Corinthian Pottery and the Anaploga Well</i>, Princeton 1975.</li> <li>Del Chiaro, Mario A (ed). <i>Corinthiaca: Studies in Honor of Darrell A. Amyx</i>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 1986.</li> <li>Dixon, M. <i>Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Corinth: 338–196 BC.</i> London: Routledge. 2014.</li> <li>E. G. Pemberton, <i>Corinth XVIII, i: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: The Greek Pottery</i>, Princeton 1989.</li> <li>Excavation reports and articles in <i><a href="/wiki/Hesperia_(journal)" title="Hesperia (journal)">Hesperia</a></i>, Princeton.</li> <li>F. P. Johnson, <i>Corinth IX: Sculpture, 1896-1923</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1931.</li> <li>Friesen, Steven J., Daniel N. Schowalter, James C. Walters (ed.), <i>Corinth in Context: Comparative Studies on Religion and Society. Supplements to Novum Testamentum, 134.</i> Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2010.</li> <li>G. R. Davidson, <i>Corinth XII: The Minor Objects</i>, Princeton 1952.</li> <li>G. R. Edwards, <i>Corinth VII, iii: Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery</i>, Princeton 1975.</li> <li>G. S. Merker, <i>Corinth XVIII, iv: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: Terracotta Figurines of the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods</i>, Princeton 2000.</li> <li>Gebhard, Elizabeth R. and Timothy E. Gregory (ed.), <i>Bridge of the Untiring Sea: The Corinthian Isthmus from Prehistory to Late Antiquity. Hesperia Supplement, 48.</i> Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2015.</li> <li>Grant, Michael. <i>The Rise of the Greeks</i>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 1987.</li> <li>Grummond, Nancy T.; Ridgway, Brunilde S., <i>From Pergamon to Sperlonga: Sculpture and Context</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22327-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22327-6">0-520-22327-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sKT6M2rdN9gC">Google books</a>.</li> <li>H. N. Fowler and R. Stillwell, <i>Corinth I: Introduction, Topography, Architecture</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1932.</li> <li>Hammond, <i>A History of Greece.</i> Oxford University Press. 1967. History of Greece, including Corinth from the early civilizations (6000–850) to the splitting of the empire and Antipater's occupation of Greece (323–321).</li> <li>I. Thallon-Hill and L. S. King, <i>Corinth IV, i: Decorated Architectural Terracottas</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1929.</li> <li>J. C. Biers, <i>Corinth XVII: The Great Bath on the Lechaion Road</i>, Princeton 1985.</li> <li>J. H. Kent, <i>Corinth VIII, iii: The Inscriptions, 1926-1950</i>, Princeton 1966.</li> <li>K. M. Edwards, <i>Corinth VI: Coins, 1896-1929</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1933.</li> <li>K. W. Slane, <i>Corinth XVIII, ii: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: The Roman Pottery and Lamps</i>, Princeton 1990.</li> <li>Kagan, Donald. <i>The Fall of the Athenian Empire</i>. New York: Cornell University Press. 1987.</li> <li>M. C. Sturgeon, <i>Corinth IX, ii: Sculpture: The Reliefs from the Theater</i>, Princeton 1977.</li> <li>M. K. Risser, <i>Corinth VII, v: Corinthian Conventionalizing Pottery</i>, Princeton 2001.</li> <li>N. Bookidis and R. S. Stroud, <i>Corinth XVIII, iii: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore: Topography and Architecture</i>, Princeton 1997.</li> <li>O. Broneer, <i>Corinth I, iv: The South Stoa and Its Roman Successor</i>s, Princeton 1954.</li> <li>O. Broneer, <i>Corinth IV, ii: Terracotta Lamps</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1930.</li> <li>O. Broneer, <i>Corinth X: The Odeum</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1932.</li> <li>Partial text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897</li> <li>R. Carpenter and A. Bon, <i>Corinth III, ii: The Defenses of Acrocorinth and the Lower Town</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1936.</li> <li>R. L. Scranton, <i>Corinth I, iii: Monuments in the Lower Agora and North of the Archaic Temple</i>, Princeton 1951.</li> <li>R. L. Scranton, <i>Corinth XVI: Mediaeval Architecture in the Central Area of Corinth</i>, Princeton 1957.</li> <li>R. Stillwell, <i>Corinth II: The Theatre</i>, Princeton 1952.</li> <li>R. Stillwell, R. L. Scranton, and S. E. Freeman, <i>Corinth I, ii: Architectur</i>e, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1941.</li> <li>Results of the American School of Classical Studies Corinth Excavations published in Corinth Volumes I to XX, Princeton.</li> <li>Romano, David Gilman. <i>Athletics and Mathematics in Archaic Corinth: the Origins of the Greek Stadion.</i> Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 206. 1993.</li> <li>S. Herbert, <i>Corinth VII, iv: The Red-Figure Pottery</i>, Princeton 1977.</li> <li>S. S. Weinberg, <i>Corinth I, v: The Southeast Building, The Twin Basilicas, The Mosaic House</i>, Princeton 1960.</li> <li>S. S. Weinberg, <i>Corinth VII, i: The Geometric and Orientalizing Pottery</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1943.</li> <li>Salmon, J. B. <i>Wealthy Corinth: A History of the City to 338 BC</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1984.</li> <li>Scahill, David. The Origins of the Corinthian Capital. In <i>Structure, Image, Ornament: Architectural Sculpture in the Greek World.</i> Edited by Peter Schultz and Ralf von den Hoff, 40–53. Oxford: Oxbow. 2009.</li> <li>see also <a href="/wiki/Hesperia_(journal)" title="Hesperia (journal)">Hesperia (journal)</a> for numerous excavation reports and synthetic articles.</li> <li>T. L. Shear, <i>Corinth V: The Roman Villa</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1930.</li> <li>Tartaron, Thomas F., Daniel J. Pullen, Timothy E. Gregory, Jay S. Noller, Richard M. Rothaus, William R. Caraher, Joseph L. Rife, David K. Pettegrew, Lisa Tzortzopoulou-Gregory, Dimitri Nakassis, and Robert Schon. "The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey: Integrated Methods for a Dynamic Landscape." <i>Hesperia</i> 75:453–523, 2006.</li> <li>Will, E. <i>Korinthiaka. Recherches sur l'histoire et la civilisation de Corinthe des origines aux guerres médiques</i>. Paris : de Boccard, 1955.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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subject is Corinthian Archaeology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/">American School of Classical Studies at Athens</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003230457/http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/excavationcorinth/">Corinth Excavations of the ASCSA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212070600/http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/excavationcorinth/maps-and-gis-data-for-corinth-and-greece">GIS data and Maps for Corinth and Greece</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Amisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Anchialos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazar,_Rize" title="Pazar, Rize">Athina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Bathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Dionysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Cotyora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupatoria_(Pontus)" title="Eupatoria (Pontus)">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Mesambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Odessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnye" title="Ünye">Oinòe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasis_(town)" title="Phasis (town)">Phasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rhizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kıyıköy">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Sesamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Thèrmae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus" title="List of cities in ancient Epirus">in Epirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stoae" title="List of stoae">Stoae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_temples" title="List of Ancient Greek temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greece">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Outline of ancient Greece">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template talk:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journeys of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Pieria" title="Seleucia Pieria">Seleucia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li>3a. <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a></li> <li>3b. <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia" title="Antioch of Pisidia">Antioch of Pisidia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Iconium</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Attalea</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (returns to beginning of journey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Troas" title="Alexandria Troas">Alexandria Troas</a>)</li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Neapolis</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Mygdonia)" title="Apollonia (Mygdonia)">Apollonia</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Berea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berea (Bible)">Beroea</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>14. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corinth</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li>5. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Corinth</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a> (again)</li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troas</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Assos</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Cos</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Patara_(Lycia)" title="Patara (Lycia)">Patara</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Corinth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corinth_div" title="Template:Corinth div"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corinth_div" title="Template talk:Corinth div"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corinth_div" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corinth div"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_the_municipality_of_Corinth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Corinth_(municipality)" title="Corinth (municipality)">Corinth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Assos-Lechaio" title="Assos-Lechaio">Assos-Lechaio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Assos</li> <li>Kato Assos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechaio" title="Lechaio">Lechaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perigiali" title="Perigiali">Perigiali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ancient Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Examilia" title="Examilia">Examilia</a></li> <li>Solomos</li> <li>Xylokeriza</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Saronikos,_Corinthia" title="Saronikos, Corinthia">Saronikos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agios Ioannis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athikia" title="Athikia">Athikia</a></li> <li>Galataki</li> <li>Katakali</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Solygeia" title="Solygeia">Solygeia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angelokastro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfos" title="Korfos">Korfos</a></li> <li>Sofiko</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Municipal unit of <a href="/wiki/Tenea" title="Tenea">Tenea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agionori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Vasileios,_Corinthia" title="Agios Vasileios, Corinthia">Agios Vasileios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiliomodi" title="Chiliomodi">Chiliomodi</a></li> <li>Klenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koutalas,_Corinthia" title="Koutalas, Corinthia">Koutalas</a></li> <li>Stefani</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363688#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Korint (starověký řecký stát)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1208045&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570182">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&oldid=1258425267">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Corinth&oldid=1258425267</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Corinth" title="Category:Ancient Corinth">Ancient Corinth</a></li><li><a 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