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vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Antecedents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Antecedents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Folk revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Beatles_and_the_British_Invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Beatles_and_the_British_Invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The Beatles and the British Invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Beatles_and_the_British_Invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electric_Twelve-String_Guitar_in_Folk_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_Twelve-String_Guitar_in_Folk_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Electric Twelve-String Guitar in Folk Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_Twelve-String_Guitar_in_Folk_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Other precursors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1960s </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1960s-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1960s subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Byrds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Byrds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 The Byrds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Byrds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bob_Dylan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bob_Dylan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Bob Dylan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bob_Dylan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tom_Wilson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tom_Wilson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Tom Wilson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tom_Wilson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Other musicians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Related movements </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_movements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Related movements subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Related_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_folk_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_folk_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 British folk rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_folk_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_folk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_folk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Country folk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_folk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Celtic rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_folk_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_folk_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Medieval folk rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_folk_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive_folk_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive_folk_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Progressive folk rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive_folk_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Folk metal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Folk rock</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83" title="فولك روك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولك روك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-rok" title="Folk-rok – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Folk-rok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Фолк-рок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фолк-рок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Фолк рок – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фолк рок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-rock" title="Folk-rock – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Folk-rock" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-Rock" title="Folk-Rock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Folk-Rock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrokk" title="Folkrokk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Folkrokk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BA_%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA" title="Φολκ ροκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φολκ ροκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="فولک راک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فولک راک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%AC_%EB%A1%9D" title="포크 록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포크 록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AF_%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%84" title="Ֆոլկ ռոք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոլկ ռոք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0lagarokk" title="Þjóðlagarokk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðlagarokk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7" title="פולק רוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולק רוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ფოლკ-როკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოლკ-როკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkroks" title="Folkroks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Folkroks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrokas" title="Folkrokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Folkrokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-rock" title="Folk-rock – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Folk-rock" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83" title="فولك روك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فولك روك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Фолк рок хөгжим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фолк рок хөгжим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="फोल्क रक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फोल्क रक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="フォークロック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォークロック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Фолк-рок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фолк-рок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Фолк рок – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фолк рок" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Folk rock" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkrock" title="Folkrock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkrock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="கிராமிய ராக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிராமிய ராக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="โฟล์กร็อก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฟล์กร็อก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about folk rock in general, especially American folk rock. For British folk rock in particular, see <a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Folk rock</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">Folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Early to mid-1960s, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">Acid rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">roots rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">heartland rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">sunshine pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">medieval folk rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">blues rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singer-songwriter" title="Singer-songwriter">singer-songwriters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">jangle pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_rock_artists" title="List of folk rock artists">list of artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">raga rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Folk rock is a fusion genre of <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> with heavy influences from <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> It typically combines elements of folk and rock music together, it arose in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In the U.S., folk rock emerged from the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">folk music revival</a>. Performers such as <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a>—several of whose members had earlier played in folk ensembles—attempted to blend the sounds of rock with their pre-existing folk repertoire, adopting the use of electric instrumentation and drums in a way previously discouraged in the U.S. folk community. The term "folk rock" was initially used in the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music press</a> in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music. The commercial success of the Byrds' <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover version</a> of Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Tambourine_Man" title="Mr. Tambourine Man">Mr. Tambourine Man</a>" and their debut <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> <a href="/wiki/Mr._Tambourine_Man_(album)" title="Mr. Tambourine Man (album)">of the same name</a>, along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums <a href="/wiki/Bringing_It_All_Back_Home" title="Bringing It All Back Home">Bringing It All Back Home</a> (1965), <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a> (1965), and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a> (1966)—encouraged other folk acts, such as <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a>, to use electric backing on their records and new groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Springfield" title="Buffalo Springfield">Buffalo Springfield</a>, to form. Dylan's controversial appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a> on 25 July 1965, where he was backed by an electric band, was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre. During the late 1960s in Britain and Europe, a distinct, eclectic <a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a> style was created by <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stivell" title="Alan Stivell">Alan Stivell</a>. Inspired by British <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">psychedelic folk</a> and the North American style of folk rock, British folk rock bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire, leading to other variants, including the overtly English folk rock of <a href="/wiki/The_Albion_Band" title="The Albion Band">the Albion Band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_etymology">Definition and etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and etymology">edit</a>]</div> "Folk rock" refers to the blending of elements of folk and rock music, which arose in the U.S. and UK in the mid-1960s.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-2">[2]</a> The genre was pioneered by the Byrds, who began playing <a href="/wiki/Traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional music">traditional</a> folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation, in a style heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and other <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> bands.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The term folk rock was coined in the June 12, 1965, issue of the American music magazine <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> by the journalist Eliot Siegel. Siegel used the term principally to describe the music of the Byrds,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2015129-6">[6]</a> who had issued their debut album in the U.S. that month.<a href="#cite_note-turn8-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-timeless-8">[8]</a> In the same article, he wrote that <a href="/wiki/Billy_J._Kramer" title="Billy J. Kramer">Billy J. Kramer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_DeShannon" title="Jackie DeShannon">Jackie DeShannon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonny_%26_Cher" title="Sonny & Cher">Sonny & Cher</a> had all started incorporating "folk-oriented material on singles", and he listed <a href="/wiki/Rising_Sons" title="Rising Sons">Rising Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_and_Eddie" title="Joe and Eddie">Joe and Eddie</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Lovin%27_Spoonful" title="The Lovin' Spoonful">the Lovin' Spoonful</a> as new folk-rock acts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2015129-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Dylan also contributed to the creation of the genre, with his recordings utilizing rock instrumentation on the albums <a href="/wiki/Bringing_It_All_Back_Home" title="Bringing It All Back Home">Bringing It All Back Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a> In a broader sense, folk rock encompasses similarly inspired musical genres and movements in different regions of the world. Folk rock may lean more towards either folk or rock in instrumentation, playing and vocal style, and choice of material. While the original genre draws on music of Europe and North America, there is no clear delineation of which other culture's music might be included as influences. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antecedents">Antecedents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antecedents">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_revival">Folk revival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Folk revival">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeteSeeger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/270px-PeteSeeger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/405px-PeteSeeger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/540px-PeteSeeger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Pete Seeger entertaining <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (center), at a racially integrated Valentine's Day party.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></figcaption></figure> The American folk-music revival began during the 1940s; building on the interest in protest folk singers such as <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, it reached a peak in popularity in the mid-1960s with artists such as Bob Dylan and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oswego-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 1948, Seeger formed <a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">the Weavers</a>, whose mainstream popularity set the stage for the folk revival of the 1950s and early 1960s and also served to bridge the gap between folk, popular music, and <a href="/wiki/Topical_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical song">topical song</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic4-14">[14]</a> The Weavers' sound and repertoire of traditional folk material and topical songs directly inspired <a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">the Kingston Trio</a>, a three-piece folk group who came to prominence in 1958 with their hit recording of "<a href="/wiki/Tom_Dooley_(song)" title="Tom Dooley (song)">Tom Dooley</a>".<a href="#cite_note-allmusic4-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The Kingston Trio provided the template for a flood of "collegiate folk" groups between 1958 and 1962.<a href="#cite_note-weissman-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg" title="File:KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg">Tom Dooley</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/2/26/KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg/KingstonTrioTomDooley.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">An excerpt from the Kingston Trio's hit recording of the traditional folk song "<a href="/wiki/Tom_Dooley_(song)" title="Tom Dooley (song)">Tom Dooley</a>". The song reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1958 and provided a template for the nascent "collegiate folk" movement, which itself was one of the foundation stones of the mid-1960s folk rock boom.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> At roughly the same time as these "collegiate folk" vocal groups came to national prominence, a second group of urban folk revivalists, influenced by the music and <a href="/wiki/Guitar_picking" title="Guitar picking">guitar picking</a> styles of folk and blues artist such as <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownie_McGhee" title="Brownie McGhee">Brownie McGhee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a>, also came to the fore.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger2-18">[18]</a> Many of these urban revivalists were influenced by recordings of traditional American music from the 1920s and 1930s, which had been reissued by <a href="/wiki/Folkways_Records" title="Folkways Records">Folkways Records</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harry_Everett_Smith" title="Harry Everett Smith">Harry Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anthology_of_American_Folk_Music" title="Anthology of American Folk Music">Anthology of American Folk Music</a> was particularly influential.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger2-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-weissman2-19">[19]</a> While this urban folk revival flourished in many cities, New York City, with its burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouse</a> scene and population of topical folk singers, was widely regarded as the centre of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger2-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Out of this fertile environment came such folk-protest luminaries as Bob Dylan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_31-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_19-22">[22]</a> many of whom would transition into folk rock performers as the 1960s progressed.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger2-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg/175px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg/263px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg/350px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> was the most influential of all the urban folk-protest songwriters.</figcaption></figure> The vast majority of the urban folk revivalists shared a disdain for the values of mainstream American mass culture<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and led many folk singers to begin composing their own "protest" material.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-weissman3-25">[25]</a> The influence of this folk-protest movement would later manifest itself in the sociopolitical lyrics and mildly <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a> sentiments of many folk rock songs, including <a href="/wiki/Hit_single" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit single">hit singles</a> such as "<a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Destruction_(song)" title="Eve of Destruction (song)">Eve of Destruction</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Rolling_Stone" title="Like a Rolling Stone">Like a Rolling Stone</a>", "<a href="/wiki/For_What_It%27s_Worth" title="For What It's Worth">For What It's Worth</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Live_for_Today_(song)" title="Let's Live for Today (song)">Let's Live for Today</a>". During the 1950s and early 1960s in the UK, a parallel folk revival referred to as the <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">second British folk revival</a>, was led by folk singers <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._L._Lloyd" title="A. L. Lloyd">Bert Lloyd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sweers-26">[26]</a> Both viewed British folk music as a vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftist</a> political concepts and an antidote to the American-dominated popular music of the time.<a href="#cite_note-sweers-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> However, it was not until 1956 and the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream and connected with British youth culture.<a href="#cite_note-sweers-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-brocken2-28">[28]</a> Skiffle renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain and led directly to the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">progressive folk</a> movement and the attendant <a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">British folk club scene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sweers-26">[26]</a> Among the leading lights of the progressive folk movement were <a href="/wiki/Bert_Jansch" title="Bert Jansch">Bert Jansch</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Renbourn" title="John Renbourn">John Renbourn</a>, who would later form the folk rock band <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a> in the late 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-sweers2-29">[29]</a> Other notable folk rock artists with roots in the progressive folk scene were <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Stewart" title="Al Stewart">Al Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Martyn" title="John Martyn">John Martyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Beatles_and_the_British_Invasion">The Beatles and the British Invasion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Beatles and the British Invasion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:23em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> They were doing things nobody was doing. Their chords were outrageous, just outrageous, and their harmonies made it all valid. You could only do that with other musicians. Even if you're playing your own chords you had to have other people playing with you. That was obvious. And it started me thinking about other people. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Bob Dylan reflecting on how the Beatles influenced his decision to record with an electric backing band<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></cite></div> </div> Beginning in 1964 and lasting until roughly 1966, a wave of British <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat</a> groups, including <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dave_Clark_Five" title="The Dave Clark Five">the Dave Clark Five</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_%26_the_Pacemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry & the Pacemakers">Gerry & the Pacemakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">the Kinks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herman%27s_Hermits" title="Herman's Hermits">Herman's Hermits</a> amongst others, dominated the U.S. music charts.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic8-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-inglis-34">[34]</a> These groups were all heavily influenced by American <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock 'n' roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>—musical genres they had been introduced to via homegrown British rock 'n' roll singers, imported American <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">records</a>, and the music of the <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> craze.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic8-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic9-35">[35]</a> These UK groups, known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>, reintroduced American youth culture to the broad potential of rock and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> as a creative medium and to the wealth of musical culture to be found within the United States. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Beatles_loser.ogg" title="File:Beatles loser.ogg">I'm a Loser</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Beatles_loser.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1b/Beatles_loser.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/1/1b/Beatles_loser.ogg/Beatles_loser.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The subtle folk influences evident in such Beatles' songs as "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_Loser" title="I'm a Loser">I'm a Loser</a>" were important in demonstrating how folk-based <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melody_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melody (music)">melodies</a> could be to assimilated into pop music.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Beatles_hide_your_love_away.ogg" title="File:Beatles hide your love away.ogg">You've Got to Hide Your Love Away</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Beatles_hide_your_love_away.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d5/Beatles_hide_your_love_away.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/d/d5/Beatles_hide_your_love_away.ogg/Beatles_hide_your_love_away.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The use of folk influences in the Beatles' music became even more explicit during 1965, with the release of "<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_to_Hide_Your_Love_Away" title="You've Got to Hide Your Love Away">You've Got to Hide Your Love Away</a>".</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Of particular importance to the development of folk rock by the British Invasion were the subtle folk influences evident in such Beatles' compositions as "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Back_(song)" title="I'll Be Back (song)">I'll Be Back</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Things_We_Said_Today" title="Things We Said Today">Things We Said Today</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_Loser" title="I'm a Loser">I'm a Loser</a>",<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> with the latter song being directly inspired by folk singer-songwriter Bob Dylan.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In the opinion of <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a> of the Byrds, writers who attempt to define the origins of folk rock "don't realise that the Beatles were responsible as far back as 1963". He cites "<a href="/wiki/She_Loves_You" title="She Loves You">She Loves You</a>" as one of the first examples where the Beatles introduced folk chord changes into rock music and so initiated the new genre.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> These songs were all influential in providing a template for successfully assimilating folk-based <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melody_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melody (music)">melodies</a> into pop music. This melding of folk and rock 'n' roll in the Beatles' music became even more explicit during 1965, with the release of "<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_to_Hide_Your_Love_Away" title="You've Got to Hide Your Love Away">You've Got to Hide Your Love Away</a>", a folk-derived song with introspective lyrics, again influenced by Dylan.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Although the Beatles themselves utilized folk as just one of many styles evident in their music, the underlying folk influences in a number of their songs would prove to be important to folk rock musicians attempting to blend their own folk influences with <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat music</a>. The effect that the music of these British bands, and the Beatles in particular, had on young Americans was immediate; almost overnight, folk—along with many other forms of homegrown music—became passé for a large proportion of America's youth, who instead turned their attention to the influx of British acts.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic9-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-turn2-41">[41]</a> The influence of these acts also impacted on the collegiate folk and urban folk communities, with many young musicians quickly losing interest in folk music and instead embracing the rock 'n' roll derived repertoire of the British Invasion.<a href="#cite_note-turn2-41">[41]</a> Future members of many folk rock acts, including the Byrds, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a>, the Lovin' Spoonful, <a href="/wiki/The_Mamas_%26_the_Papas" title="The Mamas & the Papas">the Mamas & the Papas</a>, and Buffalo Springfield, all turned their backs on traditional folk music during 1964 and 1965 as a direct result of the influence of the Beatles and the other British Invasion bands. Author and music historian <a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Richie Unterberger</a> has noted that the Beatles' impact on American popular culture effectively sounded the death knell for the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turn2-41">[41]</a> In addition to The Beatles, the two British groups that were arguably the most influential on the development of folk rock were <a href="/wiki/The_Animals" title="The Animals">the Animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Searchers_(band)" title="The Searchers (band)">the Searchers</a>. The Animals released a rock interpretation of the traditional folk song "<a href="/wiki/The_House_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="The House of the Rising Sun">The House of the Rising Sun</a>" in the U.S. in August 1964. The song reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and stayed there for three weeks, selling over a million copies in just five weeks in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The band's <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arrangement</a> of "The House of the Rising Sun", which transmuted the song from an <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic</a> folk lament to a full-bore <a href="/wiki/Electric_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric instrument">electric</a> rock song, would go on to influence many folk rock acts but none more so than Dylan himself, who cited it as a key factor in his decision to record and perform with an electric rock band in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-turn3-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electric_Twelve-String_Guitar_in_Folk_Music">Electric Twelve-String Guitar in Folk Music</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electric Twelve-String Guitar in Folk Music">edit</a>]</div> The Searchers were influential in popularizing the jangly sound of the <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Twelve-string_guitar" title="Twelve-string guitar">twelve-string guitar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brinn_(Searchers)-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Many musicians in the collegiate and urban folk movements were already familiar with acoustic twelve-string guitars via the music of folk and blues singer Lead Belly. However, the Searchers' use of amplified twelve-strings provided another example of how conventional folk elements could be incorporated into rock music to produce new and exciting sounds. The Beatles' <a href="/wiki/Lead_guitar" title="Lead guitar">lead guitarist</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, also influenced this trend towards jangly guitars in folk rock with his use of a <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker" title="Rickenbacker">Rickenbacker</a> twelve-string guitar on the Beatles' mid-1960s recordings. This relatively clean, jangly sound—without <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">distortion</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">guitar effects</a>—became a cornerstone of folk rock instrumentation and was used in many American folk rock <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">records</a> made during 1965 and 1966.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_precursors">Other precursors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other precursors">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We were a group, but not professional musicians. I had to de-complicate my music and get it simpler and simpler, so that we could play it and make it sound like a popular thing. Whenever you have a format like that, it sounds folky, because it's not glitzed over with anything. We only had acoustic and electric guitars, so every chance we got, we'd try to add some variety. The only way you could get variety was to go to a harmonica during this song, or get an acoustic in this space; get different moods that way. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Ron Elliott of The Beau Brummels on the origins of the band's folk-flavored sound</cite></div> </div> Although folk rock mainly grew out of a mix of American folk revival and British Invasion influences,<a href="#cite_note-oswego-12">[12]</a> there were also a few examples of proto-folk rock that were important in the development of the genre. Of these secondary influences, Unterberger has cited the self-penned, folk-influenced material of San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/The_Beau_Brummels" title="The Beau Brummels">the Beau Brummels</a> as arguably the most important. Despite their <a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a> image, the band's use of <a href="/wiki/Minor_chord" title="Minor chord">minor chords</a>, haunting harmonies, and folky acoustic guitar playing—as heard on their debut single "<a href="/wiki/Laugh,_Laugh" title="Laugh, Laugh">Laugh, Laugh</a>"—was stylistically very similar to the later folk rock of the Byrds.<a href="#cite_note-turn5-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[nb 1]</a> Released in December 1964, "Laugh, Laugh" peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1965, while its similarly folk-flavored follow-up, "<a href="/wiki/Just_a_Little_(The_Beau_Brummels_song)" title="Just a Little (The Beau Brummels song)">Just a Little</a>", did even better, reaching number 8 on the U.S. singles chart.<a href="#cite_note-turn5-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The high-profile success of the Beau Brummels' music was important in demonstrating that a hybrid of folk and rock could potentially be translated into mainstream commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-turn5-46">[46]</a> Pre-dating the Beau Brummels' commercial breakthrough by almost two years, singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Jackie_DeShannon" title="Jackie DeShannon">Jackie DeShannon</a>'s April 1963 single "<a href="/wiki/Needles_and_Pins_(song)" title="Needles and Pins (song)">Needles and Pins</a>" marked, according to Unterberger, the earliest appearance of the ringing guitar sound that would become a mainstay of early folk rock.<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> This use of cyclical, chiming <a href="/wiki/Guitar_riff" class="mw-redirect" title="Guitar riff">guitar riffs</a> was repeated on DeShannon's late 1963 recording of her own composition "<a href="/wiki/When_You_Walk_in_the_Room" title="When You Walk in the Room">When You Walk in the Room</a>".<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> The following year, both songs would become hits for the <a href="/wiki/Liverpudlian" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpudlian">Liverpudlian</a> band the Searchers, who chose to place even greater emphasis on the jangly guitar playing in the songs.<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> In addition, a number of DeShannon's songs from the period, including "When You Walk in the Room", displayed a greater degree of lyrical maturity and sensuality than was usual for pop songs of the time.<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> This heightened degree of emotional introspection was inspired by her love of Bob Dylan's folk songwriting and represents one of the first attempts by an American artist to absorb folk sensibilities into rock music.<a href="#cite_note-turn4-36">[36]</a> In the UK, the folk group <a href="/wiki/The_Springfields" title="The Springfields">the Springfields</a> (featuring <a href="/wiki/Dusty_Springfield" title="Dusty Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a>) had been releasing folk-oriented material featuring full band arrangements since the early 1960s, including renditions of "<a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Traveler_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonesome Traveler (song)">Lonesome Traveler</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Allentown_Jail" title="Allentown Jail">Allentown Jail</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Silver_Threads_and_Golden_Needles" title="Silver Threads and Golden Needles">Silver Threads and Golden Needles</a>".<a href="#cite_note-turn6-50">[49]</a> Although these records owed more to <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">orchestral pop</a> than rock, they were nonetheless influential on up-and-coming folk rock musicians on both sides of the Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-turn6-50">[49]</a> In mid-1965, folk singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a> was also experimenting with adding electrified instrumentation to some of his folk and blues-styled material, as evidenced by songs such as "<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Need_Somebody_on_Your_Bond" title="You'll Need Somebody on Your Bond">You're Gonna Need Somebody on Your Bond</a>" and "Sunny Goodge Street".<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In spite of his folky persona and repertoire, Donovan himself had always considered himself a pop star, rather than a folk singer.<a href="#cite_note-turn7-52">[51]</a> As a result, he had been thinking of a way in which to introduce folk styled acoustic guitars and socially conscious lyrics into pop music for several years prior to his 1965 breakthrough as a recording artist.<a href="#cite_note-turn7-52">[51]</a> By January 1966, he had recorded the self-penned hit "<a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Superman_(song)" title="Sunshine Superman (song)">Sunshine Superman</a>" with a full electric backing band.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Other bands and solo artists who were blurring the boundaries between folk and rock in the early 1960s include <a href="/wiki/Judy_Henske" title="Judy Henske">Judy Henske</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Richard Fariña">Richard and</a> <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Mimi Fariña">Mimi Fariña</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mugwumps_(band)" title="The Mugwumps (band)">the Mugwumps</a>, the latter of which were a New York band featuring future members of the Lovin' Spoonful and the Mamas & the Papas.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Also of note are the Australian band <a href="/wiki/The_Seekers" title="The Seekers">the Seekers</a>, who had relocated to England in 1964 and reached number 1 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> with "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Never_Find_Another_You" title="I'll Never Find Another You">I'll Never Find Another You</a>" in February 1965.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Unterberger has noted that, although it was not strictly a folk song, "I'll Never Find Another You" was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a> and featured a cyclical, twelve-string guitar part that sounded similar to the guitar style that <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Jim McGuinn</a> of the Byrds would popularize later that same year.<a href="#cite_note-turn7-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> There are also a few antecedents to folk rock present in pre-British Invasion American rock 'n' roll, including <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>'s 1954 cover of the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a> <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_(music)" title="Standard (music)">standard</a> "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_of_Kentucky" title="Blue Moon of Kentucky">Blue Moon of Kentucky</a>";<a href="#cite_note-turn-61">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>'s self-penned material, which strongly influenced both Dylan and the Byrds;<a href="#cite_note-turn-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens">Ritchie Valens</a>' recording of the Mexican folk song "<a href="/wiki/La_Bamba_(song)" title="La Bamba (song)">La Bamba</a>";<a href="#cite_note-turn-61">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Price" title="Lloyd Price">Lloyd Price</a>'s rock 'n' roll adaptation of the African-American folk song "<a href="/wiki/Stagger_Lee_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagger Lee (song)">Stagger Lee</a>" (originally recorded by <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_John_Hurt" title="Mississippi John Hurt">Mississippi John Hurt</a> in 1928);<a href="#cite_note-turn-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(pop_singer)" title="Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a>' rock 'n' roll flavored renditions of traditional folk songs;<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> and the folk and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>-influenced recordings featured on the <a href="/wiki/Everly_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Everly Brothers">Everly Brothers</a>' 1959 album <a href="/wiki/Songs_Our_Daddy_Taught_Us" title="Songs Our Daddy Taught Us">Songs Our Daddy Taught Us</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turn-61">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1960s">1960s</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960s">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Byrds">The Byrds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Byrds">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a></div> The moment when all of the separate influences that served to make up folk rock finally coalesced into an identifiable whole was with the release of the Byrds' recording of Bob Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Tambourine_Man" title="Mr. Tambourine Man">Mr. Tambourine Man</a>".<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic2-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The term "folk rock" was coined by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music press</a> to describe the band's sound in June 1965, at roughly the same time as "Mr. Tambourine Man" peaked at number 1 on the Billboard chart.<a href="#cite_note-turn8-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-timeless-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-68">[67]</a> Within three months it had become the first folk rock smash hit,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> reaching number 1 on both the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The single's success initiated the folk rock boom of 1965 and 1966, during which a profusion of Byrds-influenced acts flooded the American and British charts.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic2-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[nb 2]</a> In particular, the Byrds' influence can be discerned in mid-1960s recordings by acts such as the Lovin' Spoonful, <a href="/wiki/Barry_McGuire" title="Barry McGuire">Barry McGuire</a>, the Mamas & the Papas,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-68">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Turtles" title="The Turtles">the Turtles</a>, <a href="/wiki/We_Five" title="We Five">We Five</a>, <a href="/wiki/Love_(band)" title="Love (band)">Love</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sonny_%26_Cher" title="Sonny & Cher">Sonny & Cher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic2-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INTEGRITY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INTEGRITY">text–source integrity?</a>] It was during the rehearsals at World Pacific that the band began to develop the blend of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> and Beatles-style <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> that would characterize their sound.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> However, this hybrid was not deliberately created; it evolved organically out of some of the band members' own folk music roots and their desire to emulate the Beatles.<a href="#cite_note-timeless2-77">[76]</a> The band's folk influences, lack of experience with rock music forms, and Beatleseque instrumentation all combined to color both their self-penned material and their folk derived repertoire.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-timeless2-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The band themselves soon realized that there was something unique about their music and, with Dickson's encouragement, they began to actively attempt to bridge the gap between folk and rock.<a href="#cite_note-timeless2-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Mr. Tambourine Man's blend of abstract lyrics, folk-influenced melody, complex <a href="/wiki/Vocal_harmony" title="Vocal harmony">harmonies</a>, jangly <a href="/wiki/Twelve-string_guitar" title="Twelve-string guitar">12-string</a> <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker" title="Rickenbacker">Rickenbacker</a> guitar playing, and Beatles-influenced beat, resulted in a synthesis that effectively created the subgenre of folk rock.<a href="#cite_note-allbyrds-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-creswell-88">[86]</a> The song's lyrics alone took rock and pop songwriting to new heights; never before had such intellectual and literary lyrics been combined with rock instrumentation by a popular music group.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Dylan's material would provide much of the original grist for the folk rock mill, not only in the U.S. but in the UK as well, with many pop and rock acts covering his material in a style reminiscent of the Byrds.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic2-65">[64]</a> Their reworking of "Mr. Tambourine Man", along with <a href="/wiki/The_Animals" title="The Animals">the Animals</a>' rock interpretation of "<a href="/wiki/The_House_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="The House of the Rising Sun">The House of the Rising Sun</a>" (itself based on Dylan's earlier cover), helped to give Dylan the impetus to start recording with an electric backing band.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> As the 1970s dawned, folk rock evolved away from the jangly template pioneered by the Byrds, but their influence could still be heard in the music of bands like <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> The Byrds themselves continued to enjoy commercial success with their brand of folk rock throughout 1965, most notably with their number 1 single "<a href="/wiki/Turn!_Turn!_Turn!" title="Turn! Turn! Turn!">Turn! Turn! Turn!</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-68">[67]</a> By the start of 1966, however, the group had begun to move away from folk rock and into the new musical frontier of <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>. The folk rock sound of the Byrds has continued to influence many bands over the years, including <a href="/wiki/Big_Star" title="Big Star">Big Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Long_Ryders" title="The Long Ryders">the Long Ryders</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bangles" title="The Bangles">the Bangles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Roses" title="The Stone Roses">the Stone Roses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Fanclub" title="Teenage Fanclub">Teenage Fanclub</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bob_Dylan">Bob Dylan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bob Dylan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/180px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/270px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/360px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>Bob Dylan in 1963.</figcaption></figure> Five days before the Byrds entered Columbia Studios in Hollywood to record his song "Mr. Tambourine Man", Bob Dylan completed the recording sessions for his fifth album, <a href="/wiki/Bringing_It_All_Back_Home" title="Bringing It All Back Home">Bringing It All Back Home</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turn9-93">[91]</a> Of the eleven tracks on the album, seven featured Dylan backed by a full electric rock band, in stark contrast to his earlier acoustic folk albums.<a href="#cite_note-turn9-93">[91]</a> Dylan's decision to record with an electric backing band had been influenced by a number of factors, including the Beatles' coupling of folk derived chord progressions and beat music, the Byrds' rock adaptation of "Mr. Tambourine Man" (which Dylan had heard at a Byrds' rehearsal in late 1964), and the Animals hit cover of "The House of the Rising Sun".<a href="#cite_note-turn3-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Bringing It All Back Home was released on 22 March 1965,<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> peaking at number 6 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs</a> chart and #1 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Album_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Album Chart">UK Album Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-brown-98">[96]</a> The album's blend of <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>-derived rock and abstract, poetic lyrics was immediately influential in demonstrating that intelligent lyrical content could be wedded with rock 'n' roll.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> The songs on the album saw Dylan leaving folk music far behind.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic11-100">[98]</a> Even with this folkier, acoustic material, Dylan's biting, apocalyptical, and often humorous lyrics went far beyond those of contemporary folk music,<a href="#cite_note-allmusic11-100">[98]</a> particularly the folk-protest music with which he had been previously associated. On 20 July 1965, Dylan released the groundbreaking "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Rolling_Stone" title="Like a Rolling Stone">Like a Rolling Stone</a>", a six-minute-long scathing put-down, directed at a down-and-out society girl, which again featured Dylan backed by an electric rock band.<a href="#cite_note-williams-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic12-102">[100]</a> Released just as the Byrds' cover of "Mr. Tambourine Man" topped the charts in the United States, the song was instrumental in defining the burgeoning folk rock scene and in establishing Dylan as a bona fide rock star, rather than a folksinger.<a href="#cite_note-williams-101">[99]</a> "Like a Rolling Stone" managed to reach the Top 5 on both sides of the Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-brown-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Five days after the release of "Like a Rolling Stone", on 25 July 1965, Dylan made <a href="/wiki/Electric_Dylan_controversy" title="Electric Dylan controversy">a controversial appearance</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a>, performing three songs with a full band.<a href="#cite_note-williams-101">[99]</a> He was met with derisive booing and jeering from the festival's purist folk music crowd,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_32-104">[102]</a> but in the years since the incident, Dylan's 1965 Newport Folk Festival appearance has become widely regarded as a pivotal moment in the synthesis of folk and rock.<a href="#cite_note-williams-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Dylan followed "Like a Rolling Stone" with the wholly electric album <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a> and the non-album single "<a href="/wiki/Positively_4th_Street" title="Positively 4th Street">Positively 4th Street</a>", which itself has been widely interpreted as a rebuke to the folk purists who had rejected his new electric music. Throughout 1965 and 1966, hit singles like "Subterranean Homesick Blues", "Like a Rolling Stone", "Positively 4th Street", and "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(Bob_Dylan_song)" title="I Want You (Bob Dylan song)">I Want You</a>" among others, along with the Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61 Revisited and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a> albums, proved to be hugely influential on the development and popularity of folk rock.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic10-107">[105]</a> Although Dylan's move away from acoustic folk music served to outrage and alienate much of his original fanbase, his new folk rock sound gained him legions of new fans during the mid-1960s. The popularity and commercial success of the Byrds and Bob Dylan's blend of folk and rock music influenced a wave of imitators and emulators that retroactively became known as the folk rock boom.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tom_Wilson">Tom Wilson</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tom Wilson">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilson_(record_producer)" title="Tom Wilson (record producer)">Tom Wilson (record producer)</a></div> Although he started out as a jazz musician, the young, African-American Columbia Records producer Tom Wilson became known as the "mid-wife of folk-rock" for his seminal work behind the scenes. As Bob Dylan's producer during the key transitional albums The Times They Are A-Changin, Another Side of Bob Dylan, and Bringing It All Back Home, he was a key architect of Dylan's electric sound. He is perhaps even better known, however, for first discovering <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> at the tail end of the folk movement and then transforming them into folk-rock superstars with the unauthorized rock remix that made a number one hit out of their previously underappreciated song, "The Sound of Silence".<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_musicians">Other musicians</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other musicians">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SimonandGarfunkel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SimonandGarfunkel.jpg/240px-SimonandGarfunkel.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SimonandGarfunkel.jpg/360px-SimonandGarfunkel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SimonandGarfunkel.jpg/480px-SimonandGarfunkel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Folk rock musicians Simon & Garfunkel performing in Dublin</figcaption></figure> Music critic Richie Unterberger has noted that the commercial success of the Byrds' <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover version</a> of Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Tambourine_Man" title="Mr. Tambourine Man">Mr. Tambourine Man</a>", along with Dylan's own contributions to the genre on the albums <a href="/wiki/Bringing_It_All_Back_Home" title="Bringing It All Back Home">Bringing It All Back Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a>, initiated an explosion of emulators and imitators.<a href="#cite_note-unterberger-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic2-65">[64]</a> Their success led record producer <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilson_(producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Wilson (producer)">Tom Wilson</a> to add electric guitar, bass, and drums overdubs to "<a href="/wiki/The_Sounds_of_Silence" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sounds of Silence">The Sounds of Silence</a>", a song which had been recorded by the folk duo <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> in 1964 and first released on their album <a href="/wiki/Wednesday_Morning,_3_A.M." title="Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.">Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.</a>. The reissued single rose to number 1 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> pop chart in late 1965, became a hit around the world, and set the duo on one of the most successful careers in pop and rock music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36-81">[79]</a> Simon and Garfunkel have been described as "folk-rock's greatest duo, and one whose fame and influence would persist well beyond folk-rock's heyday."<a href="#cite_note-turnSG-110">[108]</a> One of the first bands to craft a distinctly American sound in response to the British Invasion was <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a>; while not a folk rock band themselves, they directly influenced the genre and at the height of the folk rock boom in 1966 had a hit with a cover of the 1920s <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indian</a> folk song "<a href="/wiki/Sloop_John_B" title="Sloop John B">Sloop John B</a>", which they had learned from <a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">the Kingston Trio</a>, who had learned it from <a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">the Weavers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Much of the early folk-rock music emerged during a time of general global upheaval, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, and new concerns for the world by young people. In the United States, the heyday of folk rock was arguably between the mid-sixties and the mid-seventies, when it aligned itself with the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> movement and became an important medium for expressing radical ideas. Cities such as San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> became centers for the folk rock culture, playing on their central locations among the original folk circuits. The "unplugged" and simplified sound of the music reflected the genre's connection to a critical view of a technological and consumerist society. Unlike pop music's escapist lyrics, arguably a fantasy distraction from the problems in life, folk artists attempted to communicate concerns for peace, global awareness, and other touchstones of the era. Bands whose music was significantly folk rock in sound during the mid-to-late 1960s included <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_48-112">[110]</a> the Lovin' Spoonful, the Mamas & the Papas,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-68">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Youngbloods" title="The Youngbloods">the Youngbloods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Love_(band)" title="Love (band)">Love</a>, and, in their early years, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a>. In the mid-1960s, singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a> began moving his folk songs into a folk-rock direction with recordings such as the percussion-driven "Black Day in July" about the <a href="/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot" title="1967 Detroit riot">1967 Detroit riot</a>. He would rise to top the charts in the 1970s with a number of his folk-rock recordings such as "<a href="/wiki/Sundown_(Gordon_Lightfoot_song)" title="Sundown (Gordon Lightfoot song)">Sundown</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Carefree_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Carefree Highway">Carefree Highway</a>" and eventually become known as a folk-rock legend.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Some artists who originally produced with a harder edged rock sound found the ability to communicate more easily and felt more genuine in this method of delivery. In this category was <a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a>, who began in London much like the Byrds did in the United States but toned down the sound more frequently with acoustic instruments. He performed songs that contained concern for the environment, war, and the future of the world in general. The Canadian singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> won many <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> with her folk rock/pop songs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_movements">Related movements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Related movements">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_folk_rock">British folk rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: British folk rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FairportCropredy2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FairportCropredy2005.jpg/220px-FairportCropredy2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FairportCropredy2005.jpg/330px-FairportCropredy2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FairportCropredy2005.jpg/440px-FairportCropredy2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Simon_Nicol" title="Simon Nicol">Simon Nicol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ric_Sanders" title="Ric Sanders">Ric Sanders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a> performing at <a href="/wiki/Fairport%27s_Cropredy_Convention" title="Fairport's Cropredy Convention">Fairport's Cropredy Convention</a> 2005</figcaption></figure> British folk rock developed in Britain during the mid to late 1960s by the bands <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic3-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-brocken-115">[113]</a> It uses traditional British music and self-penned compositions in a traditional style, and is played on a combination of traditional and rock instruments.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> This incorporation of traditional British folk music influences gives British folk rock its distinctly British character and flavour.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic3-114">[112]</a> It evolved out of the <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelia</a>-influenced folk rock of British acts such as Donovan, <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_String_Band" title="The Incredible String Band">the Incredible String Band</a>, and <a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">Tyrannosaurus Rex</a>, but was also heavily influenced by such American folk rock bands as the Byrds, <a href="/wiki/Love_(band)" title="Love (band)">Love</a>, and Buffalo Springfield.<a href="#cite_note-brocken-115">[113]</a> British folk rock was at its most significant and popular during the late 1960s and 1970s, when, in addition to Fairport and Pentangle, it was taken up by groups such as <a href="/wiki/Steeleye_Span" title="Steeleye Span">Steeleye Span</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Albion_Country_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="The Albion Country Band">the Albion Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sweers2-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Steeleye Span, founded by Fairport Convention <a href="/wiki/Bassist" title="Bassist">bass player</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Hutchings" title="Ashley Hutchings">Ashley Hutchings</a>, was made up of traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate electrical amplification, and later overt rock elements, into their music.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> This, in turn, spawned the conspicuously English folk rock music of the Albion Band, a group that also included Hutchings.<a href="#cite_note-The_Albion_Band_Biography-119">[117]</a> In Brittany folk rock was developed by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stivell" title="Alan Stivell">Alan Stivell</a> (who began to mix his Breton, Irish, and Scottish roots with rock music) and later by French bands like <a href="/wiki/Malicorne_(band)" title="Malicorne (band)">Malicorne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stivell-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-sawyers-121">[119]</a> During this same period, folk rock was adopted and developed in the surrounding Celtic cultures of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, and Cornwall, to produce <a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> and its derivatives.<a href="#cite_note-ramblinghouse-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-sawyers-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_folk">Country folk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Country folk">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg/200px-Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg/300px-Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg/400px-Merle_Haggard_1975_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Merle Haggard and others influenced the sound of artists such as Bob Dylan, <a href="/wiki/Ian_and_Sylvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian and Sylvia">Ian and Sylvia</a>, and the Byrds who adopted the sound of country music in the late 1960s.</figcaption></figure> A subgenre originally arising from the early 1960s folk and country-influenced music of singer-songwriter artists such as Bob Dylan and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bare" title="Bobby Bare">Bobby Bare</a>, as well as from folk revivalist vocal groups like the Kingston Trio.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic5-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> During the late 1960s, many folk rock artists including Dylan, <a href="/wiki/Ian_and_Sylvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian and Sylvia">Ian and Sylvia</a>, and the Byrds began to incorporate a strong <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> influence into their music, drawing heavily on <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a> amongst others, resulting in the concurrent offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">country rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> This successful blending of country, folk and rock styles led to pioneering country folk records by folk-influenced singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> during the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Country folk music usually displays a softer, more "laid-back" feel than the majority of country music and is often complemented by introspective lyrics, thus preserving its folk singer-songwriter roots.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic5-123">[121]</a> Since the 1970s, the country folk subgenre has been perpetuated by artists including <a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanci_Griffith" title="Nanci Griffith">Nanci Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Mattea" title="Kathy Mattea">Kathy Mattea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Chapin_Carpenter" title="Mary Chapin Carpenter">Mary Chapin Carpenter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iris_DeMent" title="Iris DeMent">Iris DeMent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celtic_rock">Celtic rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Celtic rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></div> A subgenre of folk rock that combines traditional Celtic instrumentation with rock rhythms, often influenced by a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and rock music styles.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic7-131">[129]</a> It emerged from the electric folk music of the late 1960s and was pioneered by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Horslips" title="Horslips">Horslips</a>, who blended <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Gaelic mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">traditional Irish music</a> and rock.<a href="#cite_note-ramblinghouse-122">[120]</a> The British singer-songwriter Donovan was also influential in developing Celtic rock during the late 1960s, with his albums <a href="/wiki/The_Hurdy_Gurdy_Man" title="The Hurdy Gurdy Man">The Hurdy Gurdy Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barabajagal" title="Barabajagal">Barabajagal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Open_Road_(Donovan_album)" title="Open Road (Donovan album)">Open Road</a>, the latter of which actually featured a song entitled "Celtic Rock".<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> The subgenre was further popularised in 1973 by <a href="/wiki/Thin_Lizzy" title="Thin Lizzy">Thin Lizzy</a>, who had a <a href="/wiki/Hit_single" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit single">hit</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Whiskey_in_the_Jar" title="Whiskey in the Jar">Whiskey in the Jar</a>", a traditional Irish song performed entirely in the rock idiom.<a href="#cite_note-ramblinghouse-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Throughout the 1970s, Celtic rock held close to its folk roots, drawing heavily on traditional <a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(instrument)" title="Pipe (instrument)">pipe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> tunes, as well as traditional vocal styles, but making use of rock band levels of amplification and percussion.<a href="#cite_note-ramblinghouse-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> In the 1980s and beyond, Celtic rock was perpetuated by bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Pogues" title="The Pogues">the Pogues</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Waterboys" title="The Waterboys">the Waterboys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runrig" title="Runrig">Runrig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_47_(band)" title="Black 47 (band)">Black 47</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigals" title="The Prodigals">the Prodigals</a>. A more recent folk rock band based in England is <a href="/wiki/The_BibleCode_Sundays" title="The BibleCode Sundays">the BibleCode Sundays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic7-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Celtic rock is also popular in Spain where bands such as <a href="/wiki/Celtas_Cortos" title="Celtas Cortos">Celtas Cortos</a> have had a large following since the early 1990s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_folk_rock">Medieval folk rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Medieval folk rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg/220px-JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg/330px-JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg/440px-JohnRenbournNewBedfordSummerfest2005..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Renbourn" title="John Renbourn">John Renbourn</a> in 2005</figcaption></figure> Medieval folk rock developed as a subgenre of electric folk from about 1970 as performers, particularly in England, Germany and Brittany, adopted <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">renaissance music</a> as a basis for their music, in contrast to the early modern and nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a> that dominated the output of Fairport Convention. This followed the trend explored by Steeleye Span, and exemplified by their 1972 album <a href="/wiki/Below_the_Salt" title="Below the Salt">Below the Salt</a>. Acts in this area included <a href="/wiki/Gryphon_(band)" title="Gryphon (band)">Gryphon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentle_Giant" title="Gentle Giant">Gentle Giant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Ear_Band" title="Third Ear Band">Third Ear Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> In Germany <a href="/wiki/Ougenweide" title="Ougenweide">Ougenweide</a>, originally formed in 1970 as an acoustic folk group, opted to draw exclusively on <a href="/wiki/High_German" class="mw-redirect" title="High German">High German</a> medieval music when they electrified, setting the agenda for future German electric folk.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> In Brittany, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> movement, medieval music was focused on by bands like Ripaille from 1977 and Saga de Ragnar Lodbrock from 1979.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> However, by the end of the 1970s almost all of these performers had either disbanded or moved, like Gentle Giant and Gryphon, into the developing area of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] In the 1990s, as part of the wider resurgence of folk music in general, new medieval folk rock acts began to appear, including the <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Blackmore" title="Ritchie Blackmore">Ritchie Blackmore</a> project <a href="/wiki/Blackmore%27s_Night" title="Blackmore's Night">Blackmore's Night</a>, German bands such as <a href="/wiki/In_Extremo" title="In Extremo">In Extremo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a> or <a href="/wiki/Schandmaul" title="Schandmaul">Schandmaul</a> and English bands like <a href="/wiki/Circulus_(band)" title="Circulus (band)">Circulus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_folk_rock">Progressive folk rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Progressive folk rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></div> In Britain the tendency to electrify brought several progressive folk acts into rock.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> This includes the acoustic duo Tyrannosaurus Rex, who became the electric combo <a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">T. Rex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Others, probably influenced by the electric folk pioneered by Fairport Convention from 1969, moved towards more traditional material, a category including <a href="/wiki/Dando_Shaft" title="Dando Shaft">Dando Shaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Blondel" title="Amazing Blondel">Amazing Blondel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Lad" title="Jack the Lad">Jack the Lad</a>, an offshoot of northern progressive folk group <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_(band)" title="Lindisfarne (band)">Lindisfarne</a>, who were one of the most successful UK bands of the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Examples of bands that remained firmly on the border between progressive folk and progressive rock were the short lived (but later reunited) <a href="/wiki/Comus_(band)" title="Comus (band)">Comus</a> and, more successfully, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(band)" title="Renaissance (band)">Renaissance</a>, who combined folk and rock with elements of classical music.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_metal">Folk metal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Folk metal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></div> Folk metal is a fusion genre of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a> and traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">folk instruments</a> and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Heidevolk" title="Heidevolk">Heidevolk</a>, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech). It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock. The earliest folk metal bands were <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(band)" title="Skyclad (band)">Skyclad</a> from England, <a href="/wiki/Cruachan_(band)" title="Cruachan (band)">Cruachan</a> from Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Mago_de_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mago de Oz">Mago de Oz</a> from Spain. Skyclad's debut album <a href="/wiki/The_Wayward_Sons_of_Mother_Earth" title="The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth">The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth</a> was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan's early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound. It was not until 1994 and 1995 that other early contributors in the genre began to emerge from different regions of Europe and beyond. Among these early groups, the German band <a href="/wiki/Subway_to_Sally" title="Subway to Sally">Subway to Sally</a> spearheaded a different regional variation that over time became known as <a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">medieval metal</a>. Despite their contributions, folk metal remained little known with few representatives during the 1990s. It was not until the early 2000s when the genre exploded into prominence, particularly in Finland with the efforts of such groups as <a href="/wiki/Finntroll" title="Finntroll">Finntroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensiferum" title="Ensiferum">Ensiferum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korpiklaani" title="Korpiklaani">Korpiklaani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turisas" title="Turisas">Turisas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moonsorrow" title="Moonsorrow">Moonsorrow</a>. The music of folk metal is characterised by its diversity with bands known to perform different styles of both heavy metal music and folk music. A large variety of folk instruments are used in the genre with many bands consequently featuring six or more members in their regular line-ups. A few bands are also known to rely on <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> to simulate the sound of <a href="/wiki/Folk_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk instruments">folk instruments</a>. Lyrics in the genre commonly deal with <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/21px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/42px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/15px-Guitar_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/23px-Guitar_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/30px-Guitar_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="886" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Rock music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_rock_artists" title="List of folk rock artists">List of folk rock artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_rock" title="Pagan rock">Pagan rock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Neither the band nor their <a href="/wiki/Guitarist" title="Guitarist">guitarist</a> and chief songwriter <a href="/wiki/Ron_Elliott_(musician)" title="Ron Elliott (musician)">Ron Elliott</a> were overtly influenced by folk music.<a href="#cite_note-turn5-46">[46]</a> Elliot's own musical leanings were more towards <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country and western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a>, with any folk influence in the band's music appearing to have been entirely unintentional.<a href="#cite_note-turn5-46">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Jim McGuinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Clark" title="Gene Clark">Gene Clark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a>—united by a shared love of the Beatles' music—came together under the moniker of the Jet Set at <a href="/wiki/The_Troubadour_(Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Troubadour (Los Angeles)">The Troubadour</a> folk club in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The trio all had a background in folk music, with each member having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-allbyrds-73">[72]</a> They had also spent time, independently of each other, in various folk groups, including <a href="/wiki/The_New_Christy_Minstrels" title="The New Christy Minstrels">the New Christy Minstrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Limeliters" title="The Limeliters">the Limeliters</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chad_Mitchell_Trio" class="mw-redirect" title="Chad Mitchell Trio">Chad Mitchell Trio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Les_Baxter" title="Les Baxter">Les Baxter's Balladeers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Soon after forming the Jet Set, Crosby introduced McGuinn and Clark to his associate Jim Dickson, who became the group's <a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">manager</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timeless2-77">[76]</a> Dickson had access to <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Jazz_Records" title="Pacific Jazz Records">World Pacific Studios</a> in Los Angeles, which he began to utilize as a rehearsal space for the band.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> During the course of 1964, the trio expanded their ranks to include <a href="/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drummer</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Clarke_(musician)" title="Michael Clarke (musician)">Michael Clarke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bassist" title="Bassist">bassist</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hillman" title="Chris Hillman">Chris Hillman</a>, with the band eventually changing its name to the Byrds in November.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masterclass.com/articles/folk-rock-music-guide">"Folk Rock Music Guide: What Does Folk Rock Sound Like? - 2023 - MasterClass"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Rock+Music+Guide%3A+What+Does+Folk+Rock+Sound+Like%3F+-+2023+-+MasterClass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masterclass.com%2Farticles%2Ffolk-rock-music-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212225/folk-rock">"Folk-Rock Entry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Folk-Rock+Entry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F212225%2Ffolk-rock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichie_Unterberger2014" class="citation book cs1">Richie Unterberger (20 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DihcDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT18">Jingle Jangle Morning: Folk-Rock in the 1960s</a>. BookBaby. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780991589210" title="Special:BookSources/9780991589210"><bdi>9780991589210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jingle+Jangle+Morning%3A+Folk-Rock+in+the+1960s&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=BookBaby&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.isbn=9780991589210&rft.au=Richie+Unterberger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDihcDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/folk-rock-ma0000002593">"Folk-Rock Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Folk-Rock+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsubgenre%2Ffolk-rock-ma0000002593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGendron,_Bernard.2002" class="citation book cs1">Gendron, Bernard. (2002). Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde. University of Chicago Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-28737-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-28737-8"><bdi>0-226-28737-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Montmartre+and+the+Mudd+Club%3A+Popular+Music+and+the+Avant-Garde&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-226-28737-8&rft.au=Gendron%2C+Bernard.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2015129-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2015129_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2015129_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson2015">Jackson 2015</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-turn8-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn8_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn8_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/133">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/133">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeless-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeless_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeless_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan,_Johnny.1998" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X"><bdi>0-9529540-1-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byrds%3A+Timeless+Flight+Revisited&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rogan+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9529540-1-X&rft.au=Rogan%2C+Johnny.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiegel1965" class="citation magazine cs1">Tiegel, Elliot (12 June 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qCgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1">"Folkswinging Wave On – Courtesy of Rock Groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. pp. 1, 10 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Folkswinging+Wave+On+%E2%80%93+Courtesy+of+Rock+Groups&rft.pages=1%2C+10&rft.date=1965-06-12&rft.aulast=Tiegel&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqCgEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unterberger-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger_10-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnover.html">"Folk Rock: An Overview"</a>. Richieunterberger.com. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Rock%3A+An+Overview&rft.pub=Richieunterberger.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richieunterberger.com%2Fturnover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Photograph by Joseph Horne for the Office of War Information, 1944. From the Washington Post, 12 February 1944: "The Labor Canteen, sponsored by the United Federal Workers of America, CIO, will be opened at 8 p.m. tomorrow at 1212 18th st. nw. Mrs. Roosevelt is expected to attend at 8:30 p.m." </li> <li id="cite_note-oswego-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oswego_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oswego_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611111009/http://www.oswego.edu/academics/colleges_and_departments/departments/music/classes/MUS_117/amer_folk-rock.pdf">"1962–66: American Folk-Rock vs. The British Invasion"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Oswego" title="State University of New York at Oswego">State University of New York at Oswego</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oswego.edu/academics/colleges_and_departments/departments/music/classes/MUS_117/amer_folk-rock.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1962%E2%80%9366%3A+American+Folk-Rock+vs.+The+British+Invasion&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+at+Oswego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oswego.edu%2Facademics%2Fcolleges_and_departments%2Fdepartments%2Fmusic%2Fclasses%2FMUS_117%2Famer_folk-rock.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraeme_Smith1997" class="citation journal cs1">Graeme Smith (January 1997). "'Wasn't That a Time!' Firsthand Accounts of the Folk Music Revival. Edited by Ronald D. Cohen. Metuchen, N.J. and London: The Scarecrow Press, 1995. 232 pp.Ethnomimesis. Folklife and the Representation of Culture. By Robert Cantwell. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993. 323 pp.Thirty Years of the Cambridge Folk Festival. Compiled and Edited by Dave Laing and Richard Newman. Ely: Music Maker Books, 1994. 162 pp". Popular Music. 16 (1). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0261143000000787">10.1017/s0261143000000787</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:190761441">190761441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music&rft.atitle=%27Wasn%27t+That+a+Time%21%27+Firsthand+Accounts+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival.+Edited+by+Ronald+D.+Cohen.+Metuchen%2C+N.J.+and+London%3A+The+Scarecrow+Press%2C+1995.+232+pp.Ethnomimesis.+Folklife+and+the+Representation+of+Culture.+By+Robert+Cantwell.+Chapel+Hill+and+London%3A+The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press%2C+1993.+323+pp.Thirty+Years+of+the+Cambridge+Folk+Festival.+Compiled+and+Edited+by+Dave+Laing+and+Richard+Newman.+Ely%3A+Music+Maker+Books%2C+1994.+162+pp.&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=127&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0261143000000787&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A190761441%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Graeme+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic4-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic4_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic4_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p2165">"The Weavers Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=The+Weavers+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp2165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p2038">The Kingston Trio Billboard Singles</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 21 March 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-weissman-16"><a href="#cite_ref-weissman_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 74–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=74-78&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell,_Gillian.2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Gillian. (2007). The North American Folk Music Revival: Nation and Identity in the United States and Canada, 1945–1980. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 70–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5756-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5756-9"><bdi>978-0-7546-5756-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+Folk+Music+Revival%3A+Nation+and+Identity+in+the+United+States+and+Canada%2C+1945%E2%80%931980&rft.pages=70-71&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5756-9&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Gillian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unterberger2-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger2_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger2_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger2_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unterberger2_18-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.1999" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/22">The Rough Guide to Music USA</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/22">22–23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-421-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-421-X"><bdi>1-85828-421-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Music+USA&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85828-421-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicusaroughgui0000unte%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weissman2-19"><a href="#cite_ref-weissman2_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 86–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=86-88&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 91–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=91-95&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_31-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_31_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_19-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_19_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/32">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/32">32–33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weissman3-25"><a href="#cite_ref-weissman3_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sweers-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sweers_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweers_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweers_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweers_26-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweers,_Britta.2005" class="citation book cs1">Sweers, Britta. (2005). Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4"><bdi>0-19-515878-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Folk%3A+The+Changing+Face+of+English+Traditional+Music&rft.pages=31-39&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-515878-4&rft.au=Sweers%2C+Britta.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocken,_Michael.2003" class="citation book cs1">Brocken, Michael. (2003). The British Folk Revival 1944–2002. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 25–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2"><bdi>0-7546-3282-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Folk+Revival+1944%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=25-39&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-3282-2&rft.au=Brocken%2C+Michael.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brocken2-28"><a href="#cite_ref-brocken2_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocken,_Michael.2003" class="citation book cs1">Brocken, Michael. (2003). The British Folk Revival 1944–2002. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 67–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2"><bdi>0-7546-3282-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Folk+Revival+1944%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=67-77&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-3282-2&rft.au=Brocken%2C+Michael.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sweers2-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sweers2_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweers2_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweers,_Britta.2005" class="citation book cs1">Sweers, Britta. (2005). Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music. 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Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlespopularmu0000unse/page/53">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-22236-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-22236-X"><bdi>0-312-22236-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles%2C+Popular+Music+and+Society%3A+A+Thousand+Voices&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-312-22236-X&rft.au=Inglis%2C+Ian.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlespopularmu0000unse%2Fpage%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic9-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic9_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic9_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101113053923/http://allmusic.com/explore/essay">"British Invasion Essay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/88">88–90</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald,_Ian.1995" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Ian. (1995). 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"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs". <a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a>. pp. 92–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mojo&rft.atitle=The+101+Greatest+Beatles+Songs&rft.pages=92-93&rft.date=2006-07&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrithStrawStreet2001" class="citation book cs1">Frith, Simon; Straw, Will; Street, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00frit">The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00frit/page/119">119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55660-0"><bdi>0-521-55660-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Pop+and+Rock&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Music&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-521-55660-0&rft.aulast=Frith&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Straw%2C+Will&rft.au=Street%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompani00frit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald,_Ian.1995" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Ian. (1995). Revolution in the Head. Pimlico. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-6208-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-6208-1"><bdi>0-7126-6208-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+the+Head&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7126-6208-1&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+Ian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn2-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn2_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn2_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn2_41-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/63">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/63">63–66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=63-66&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A12460772">"House of the Rising Sun – The History and the Song"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 28 July 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+the+Rising+Sun+%E2%80%93+The+History+and+the+Song&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdna%2Fh2g2%2FA12460772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn3-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn3_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn3_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/93">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/93">93–96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=93-96&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinn_(Searchers)-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Brinn_(Searchers)_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinn2016" class="citation web cs1">Brinn, David (30 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/The-Searchers-still-on-needles-and-pins-462767">"The Searchers Still on 'Needles and Pins'"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+Searchers+Still+on+%27Needles+and+Pins%27&rft.date=2016-07-30&rft.aulast=Brinn&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FCulture%2FThe-Searchers-still-on-needles-and-pins-462767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Schinder2007" class="citation book cs1">Scott Schinder (30 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=chj91X0dWzUC&pg=PA160">Icons of Rock</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313338458" title="Special:BookSources/9780313338458"><bdi>9780313338458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Rock&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007-12-30&rft.isbn=9780313338458&rft.au=Scott+Schinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dchj91X0dWzUC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn5-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn5_46-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/125">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/125">125–126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/t1110216">"Laugh, Laugh song review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Record Research Inc. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7"><bdi>978-0-89820-172-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Pop+Singles+1955%E2%80%932006&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Record+Research+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-89820-172-7&rft.au=Whitburn%2C+Joel.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn6-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn6_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn6_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/59">Turn! Turn! 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(2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/232">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/232">232</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn7-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn7_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn7_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn7_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/130">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/130">130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabotage.demon.co.uk/donovan/session.htm">"Donovan Sessionography"</a>. 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Century Books. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84413-882-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84413-882-8"><bdi>1-84413-882-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Donovan%3A+The+Hurdy+Gurdy+Man&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Century+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84413-882-8&rft.au=Leitch%2C+Donovan.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p2003">"Judy Henske Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Judy+Henske+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/117">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/117">117–118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=117-118&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p19474">"The Mugwumps Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=The+Mugwumps+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp19474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreswell,_Toby.Trenoweth,_Samantha2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Creswell" title="Toby Creswell">Creswell, Toby.</a>; Trenoweth, Samantha (2006). 1001 Australians You Should Know. Pluto Press Australia. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86403-361-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86403-361-8"><bdi>978-1-86403-361-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Australians+You+Should+Know&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Pluto+Press+Australia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86403-361-8&rft.au=Creswell%2C+Toby.&rft.au=Trenoweth%2C+Samantha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Tony.2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Tony. (2000). The Complete Book of the British Charts. Omnibus Press. p. 1003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8"><bdi>0-7119-7670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+British+Charts&rft.pages=1003&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7119-7670-8&rft.au=Brown%2C+Tony.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p5389">"The Seekers Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 11 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=The+Seekers+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp5389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn_61-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn_61-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/51">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/51">51–53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=51-53&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman,_Philip.2009" class="citation book cs1">Norman, Philip. (2009). Buddy: The Definitive Biography of Buddy Holly. <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Books</a>. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-50888-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-50888-9"><bdi>978-0-330-50888-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddy%3A+The+Definitive+Biography+of+Buddy+Holly&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-330-50888-9&rft.au=Norman%2C+Philip.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakley,_Giles.1983" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Giles. (1983). The Devil's Music: A History of the Blues. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">British Broadcasting Corp</a>. pp. 39–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-21014-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-563-21014-1"><bdi>0-563-21014-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Music%3A+A+History+of+the+Blues&rft.pages=39-40&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corp&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-563-21014-1&rft.au=Oakley%2C+Giles.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jimmie-f-rodgers-p41262/biography">"Jimmie F. Rodgers Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 14 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Jimmie+F.+Rodgers+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fjimmie-f-rodgers-p41262%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic2-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic2_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic2_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic2_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic2_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic2_65-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/t1991558">"Mr. Tambourine Man review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Mr.+Tambourine+Man+review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsong%2Ft1991558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Michael.2007" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Michael. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laurelcanyoninsi0000walk/page/6">Laurel Canyon: The Inside Story of Rock-And-Roll's Legendary Neighborhood</a>. Faber & Faber. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laurelcanyoninsi0000walk/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-966-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-966-1"><bdi>978-0-86547-966-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laurel+Canyon%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+Rock-And-Roll%27s+Legendary+Neighborhood&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86547-966-1&rft.au=Walker%2C+Michael.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flaurelcanyoninsi0000walk%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogan,_Nick.Woffinden,_Bob1977" class="citation book cs1">Logan, Nick.; Woffinden, Bob (1977). The Illustrated New Musical Express Encyclopedia of Rock. Salamander Books. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86101-009-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86101-009-4"><bdi>0-86101-009-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+New+Musical+Express+Encyclopedia+of+Rock&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Salamander+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-86101-009-4&rft.au=Logan%2C+Nick.&rft.au=Woffinden%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_33_68-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean,_Maury.2003" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Maury. (2003). Rock 'n' Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia. Algora Publishing. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87586-207-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87586-207-1"><bdi>0-87586-207-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+%27n%27+Roll+Gold+Rush%3A+A+Singles+Un-Cyclopedia&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87586-207-1&rft.au=Dean%2C+Maury.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn,_Joel.2008" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel. (2008). Top Pop Singles 1955–2006. Record Research Inc. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7"><bdi>978-0-89820-172-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Pop+Singles+1955%E2%80%932006&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Record+Research+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-89820-172-7&rft.au=Whitburn%2C+Joel.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Tony.2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Tony. (2000). The Complete Book of the British Charts. Omnibus Press. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8"><bdi>0-7119-7670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+British+Charts&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7119-7670-8&rft.au=Brown%2C+Tony.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHjort,_Christopher.2008" class="citation book cs1">Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973). 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Retrieved 15 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roger+McGuinn%3A+Founder+of+the+Byrds&rft.pub=Roger+McGuinn+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fjimmy%2Fmcguinn%2FMcGuinn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028024421/http://ebni.com/byrds/relassociates12.html">"Musicians Associated with the Byrds: The New Christy Minstrels"</a>. ByrdWatcher: A Field Guide to the Byrds of Los Angeles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebni.com/byrds/relassociates12.html#new">the original</a> on 28 October 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musicians+Associated+with+the+Byrds%3A+The+New+Christy+Minstrels&rft.pub=ByrdWatcher%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+the+Byrds+of+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febni.com%2Fbyrds%2Frelassociates12.html%23new&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604040908/http://www.crosbycpr.com/content/features/publicity/crosby.html">"About ... David Crosby"</a>. Crosby CPR Home Page. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crosbycpr.com/content/features/publicity/crosby.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+...+David+Crosby&rft.pub=Crosby+CPR+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crosbycpr.com%2Fcontent%2Ffeatures%2Fpublicity%2Fcrosby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeless2-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeless2_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeless2_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeless2_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeless2_77-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan,_Johnny.1998" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 35–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X"><bdi>0-9529540-1-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byrds%3A+Timeless+Flight+Revisited&rft.pages=35-36&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rogan+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9529540-1-X&rft.au=Rogan%2C+Johnny.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2001" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Fricke" title="David Fricke">David, Fricke</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Preflyte_Sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="The Preflyte Sessions">The Preflyte Sessions</a> (booklet). <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sundazed_Records" title="Sundazed Records">Sundazed Records</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Preflyte+Sessions&rft.pub=Sundazed+Records&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Fricke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHjort,_Christopher.2008" class="citation book cs1">Hjort, Christopher. (2008). So You Want To Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973). Jawbone Press. pp. 19–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-15-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-15-2"><bdi>978-1-906002-15-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+You+Want+To+Be+a+Rock+%27n%27+Roll+Star%3A+The+Byrds+Day-By-Day+%281965%E2%80%931973%29&rft.pages=19-21&rft.pub=Jawbone+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-906002-15-2&rft.au=Hjort%2C+Christopher.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_36_81-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFornatale,_Pete.2007" class="citation book cs1">Fornatale, Pete. (2007). Simon And Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale Inc. pp. 41–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59486-427-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59486-427-8"><bdi>978-1-59486-427-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simon+And+Garfunkel%27s+Bookends&rft.pages=41-45&rft.pub=Rodale+Inc&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59486-427-8&rft.au=Fornatale%2C+Pete.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4792">"Love Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 12 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Love+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp4792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinarson,_John.2005" class="citation book cs1">Einarson, John. (2005). Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark. Backbeat Books. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-793-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-793-5"><bdi>0-87930-793-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Tambourine+Man%3A+The+Life+and+Legacy+of+the+Byrds%27+Gene+Clark&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-87930-793-5&rft.au=Einarson%2C+John.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524044624/http://ebni.com/byrds/lpitb.html">"In The Beginning"</a>. ByrdWatcher: A Field Guide to the Byrds of Los Angeles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebni.com/byrds/lpitb.html">the original</a> on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+The+Beginning&rft.pub=ByrdWatcher%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+the+Byrds+of+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febni.com%2Fbyrds%2Flpitb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan,_Johnny.1998" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X"><bdi>0-9529540-1-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byrds%3A+Timeless+Flight+Revisited&rft.pages=49&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rogan+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9529540-1-X&rft.au=Rogan%2C+Johnny.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricke1990" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Fricke" title="David Fricke">Fricke, David</a> (1990). <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds_(box_set)" title="The Byrds (box set)">The Byrds</a> (booklet). <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Byrds&rft.pub=Columbia+Records&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-creswell-88"><a href="#cite_ref-creswell_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreswell,_Toby2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Creswell" title="Toby Creswell">Creswell, Toby</a> (2006). 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them. Da Capo Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-915-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-915-2"><bdi>978-1-56025-915-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Songs%3A+The+Great+Songs+of+All+Time+and+the+Artists%2C+Stories+and+Secrets+Behind+Them&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-915-2&rft.au=Creswell%2C+Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/107">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/107">107</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg,_Neil_V.2005" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Neil V. (2005). Bluegrass: A History – 20th Anniversary Edition. University of Illinois Press. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-07245-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-07245-6"><bdi>0-252-07245-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bluegrass%3A+A+History+%E2%80%93+20th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-252-07245-6&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Neil+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordcollectormag.com/reviews/review-detail/1018">"Fairport Convention - Liege & Lief (Deluxe Edition) review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Record_Collector" title="Record Collector">Record Collector</a>. Retrieved 16 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Record+Collector&rft.atitle=Fairport+Convention+-+Liege+%26+Lief+%28Deluxe+Edition%29+review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recordcollectormag.com%2Freviews%2Freview-detail%2F1018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Chris.2009" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Chris. (2009). 101 Albums That Changed Popular Music. Oxford University Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537371-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537371-4"><bdi>978-0-19-537371-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Albums+That+Changed+Popular+Music&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-537371-4&rft.au=Smith%2C+Chris.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turn9-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turn9_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turn9_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/109">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/109">109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/66">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/66">66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan,_Johnny.1998" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Johnny. (1998). The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (2nd ed.). Rogan House. pp. 54–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9529540-1-X"><bdi>0-9529540-1-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byrds%3A+Timeless+Flight+Revisited&rft.pages=54-55&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rogan+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9529540-1-X&rft.au=Rogan%2C+Johnny.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Paul.1991" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Paul. (1991). Bob Dylan: Performing Artist - Book One 1960–1973. Xanadu Publications Ltd. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85480-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85480-044-2"><bdi>1-85480-044-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bob+Dylan%3A+Performing+Artist+-+Book+One+1960%E2%80%931973&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Xanadu+Publications+Ltd&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-85480-044-2&rft.au=Williams%2C+Paul.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn,_Joel.2002" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbu/page/255">Top Pop Albums 1955–2001</a>. Record Research Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbu/page/255">255</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89820-147-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89820-147-0"><bdi>0-89820-147-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Pop+Albums+1955%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Record+Research+Inc&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-89820-147-0&rft.au=Whitburn%2C+Joel.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoelwhitburnstop00whitbu%2Fpage%2F255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Tony.2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Tony. (2000). The Complete Book of the British Charts. Omnibus Press. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8"><bdi>0-7119-7670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+British+Charts&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7119-7670-8&rft.au=Brown%2C+Tony.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaresi,_Anthony.2002" class="citation book cs1">Varesi, Anthony. (2002). The Bob Dylan Albums. Guernica Editions Inc. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55071-139-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55071-139-3"><bdi>1-55071-139-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bob+Dylan+Albums&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions+Inc&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-55071-139-3&rft.au=Varesi%2C+Anthony.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic11-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic11_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic11_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r6414">"Bringing It All Back Home review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 4 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Bringing+It+All+Back+Home+review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr6414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-williams_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams_101-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Paul.1991" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Paul. (1991). Bob Dylan: Performing Artist - Book One 1960–1973. Xanadu Publications Ltd. pp. 152–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85480-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85480-044-2"><bdi>1-85480-044-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bob+Dylan%3A+Performing+Artist+-+Book+One+1960%E2%80%931973&rft.pages=152-156&rft.pub=Xanadu+Publications+Ltd&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-85480-044-2&rft.au=Williams%2C+Paul.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic12-102"><a href="#cite_ref-allmusic12_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/t1992112">"Like a Rolling Stone review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 13 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Like+a+Rolling+Stone+review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsong%2Ft1992112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn,_Joel.2008" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel. (2008). Top Pop Singles 1955–2006. Record Research Inc. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-172-7"><bdi>978-0-89820-172-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Pop+Singles+1955%E2%80%932006&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Record+Research+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-89820-172-7&rft.au=Whitburn%2C+Joel.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_32-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_32_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCleary,_John_Bassett.2004" class="citation book cs1">McCleary, John Bassett. (2004). Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s. Ten Speed Press. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58008-547-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58008-547-4"><bdi>1-58008-547-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hippie+Dictionary%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia+of+the+1960s+and+1970s&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-58008-547-4&rft.au=McCleary%2C+John+Bassett.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/1">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic10-107"><a href="#cite_ref-allmusic10_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/t1991551">"Subterranean Homesick Blues review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 4 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Subterranean+Homesick+Blues+review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsong%2Ft1991551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Hall2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Michael Hall (6 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/the-greatest-music-producer-youve-never-heard-of-is/">"The Greatest Music Producer You've Never Heard of Is..."</a> Texas Monthly. Retrieved 17 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Greatest+Music+Producer+You%27ve+Never+Heard+of+Is...&rft.date=2014-01-06&rft.au=Michael+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Fthe-culture%2Fthe-greatest-music-producer-youve-never-heard-of-is%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland_Ellis2015" class="citation web cs1">Roland Ellis (30 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaslightrecords.com/articles/tom-wilson-the-mid-wife-of-the-folk-rock-movement">"Tom Wilson: The Mid-Wife of the Folk Rock Movement"</a>. Gaslight Records. Retrieved 17 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Wilson%3A+The+Mid-Wife+of+the+Folk+Rock+Movement&rft.pub=Gaslight+Records&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft.au=Roland+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgaslightrecords.com%2Farticles%2Ftom-wilson-the-mid-wife-of-the-folk-rock-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turnSG-110"><a href="#cite_ref-turnSG_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2002" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/178">Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution</a>. Backbeat Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/178">178</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn%21+Turn%21+Turn%21%3A+The+%2760s+Folk-Rock+Revolution&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Unterberger, Richie</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html">"Great Moments in Folk Rock: Lists of Author Favorites"</a>. richieunterberger.com. Retrieved 26 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Moments+in+Folk+Rock%3A+Lists+of+Author+Favorites&rft.pub=richieunterberger.com&rft.aulast=Unterberger&rft.aufirst=Richie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richieunterberger.com%2Fturnlists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_48-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_48_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, show 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-lightfoot_0823gd.ART.State.Edition1.358653d.html">"Concert review: Folk-rock legend Gordon Lightfoot | Dallas Morning News"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concert+review%3A+Folk-rock+legend+Gordon+Lightfoot+%26%23124%3B+Dallas+Morning+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fsharedcontent%2Fdws%2Fent%2Fstories%2FDN-lightfoot_0823gd.ART.State.Edition1.358653d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic3-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic3_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic3_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d7741">"British Folk-Rock Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=British+Folk-Rock+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fd7741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brocken-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brocken_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brocken_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocken,_Michael.2003" class="citation book cs1">Brocken, Michael. (2003). The British Folk Revival 1944–2002. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 95–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3282-2"><bdi>0-7546-3282-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Folk+Revival+1944%E2%80%932002&rft.pages=95-102&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-3282-2&rft.au=Brocken%2C+Michael.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweers,_Britta.2005" class="citation book cs1">Sweers, Britta. (2005). Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4"><bdi>0-19-515878-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Folk%3A+The+Changing+Face+of+English+Traditional+Music&rft.pages=21-25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-515878-4&rft.au=Sweers%2C+Britta.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweers,_Britta.2005" class="citation book cs1">Sweers, Britta. (2005). Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515878-4"><bdi>0-19-515878-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Folk%3A+The+Changing+Face+of+English+Traditional+Music&rft.pages=103-105&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-515878-4&rft.au=Sweers%2C+Britta.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLusk2010" class="citation news cs1">Lusk, Jon (2 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tim-hart-foundermember-of-steeleye-span-1855422.html">"Tim Hart: Founder-member of Steeleye Span Obituary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London. Retrieved 26 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tim+Hart%3A+Founder-member+of+Steeleye+Span+Obituary&rft.date=2010-01-02&rft.aulast=Lusk&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Ftim-hart-foundermember-of-steeleye-span-1855422.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Albion_Band_Biography-119"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Albion_Band_Biography_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p750">"The Albion Band Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=The+Albion+Band+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stivell-120"><a href="#cite_ref-stivell_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p849">"Alan Stivell Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Da Capo Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celticmusiccompl0000sawy/page/1">1–12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81007-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81007-7"><bdi>0-306-81007-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Music%3A+A+Complete+Guide&rft.pages=1-12&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-306-81007-7&rft.au=Sawyers%2C+June+Skinner.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcelticmusiccompl0000sawy%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramblinghouse-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ramblinghouse_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramblinghouse_122-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramblinghouse_122-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramblinghouse_122-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015160856/http://www.iol.ie/~ronolan/celticrock.html">"The story of Celtic Rock"</a>. Rambling House: Home of Irish Music on the Web. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.ie/~ronolan/celticrock.html">the original</a> on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+story+of+Celtic+Rock&rft.pub=Rambling+House%3A+Home+of+Irish+Music+on+the+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.ie%2F~ronolan%2Fcelticrock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic5-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic5_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic5_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d829">"Country-Folk Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 24 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Country-Folk+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fd829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen,_Douglas_B.1976" class="citation book cs1">Green, Douglas B. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/countryrootsorig00gree/page/166">Country Roots: The Origins of Country Music</a>. Hawthorn Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/countryrootsorig00gree/page/166">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8015-1781-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8015-1781-8"><bdi>0-8015-1781-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Roots%3A+The+Origins+of+Country+Music&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-8015-1781-8&rft.au=Green%2C+Douglas+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcountryrootsorig00gree%2Fpage%2F166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhapsody.com/country/country-folk-bluegrass/country-folk/more.html">"Description of Country-Folk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(online_music_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapsody (online music service)">Rhapsody</a>. Retrieved 24 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Description+of+Country-Folk&rft.pub=Rhapsody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhapsody.com%2Fcountry%2Fcountry-folk-bluegrass%2Fcountry-folk%2Fmore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff,_Kurt.Duane,_Orla.2000" class="citation book cs1">Wolff, Kurt.; Duane, Orla. (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 392–394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-534-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-534-8"><bdi>1-85828-534-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Music%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.pages=392-394&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85828-534-8&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Kurt.&rft.au=Duane%2C+Orla.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d110">"Country-Rock Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 24 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Country-Rock+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fd110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.2006" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick. (2006). Which Side Are You On?: An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 179–181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1914-3"><bdi>0-8264-1914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Side+Are+You+On%3F%3A+An+Inside+History+of+the+Folk+Music+Revival+in+America&rft.pages=179-181&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-1914-3&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman,_Dick.Jermance,_Frank.2003" class="citation book cs1">Weissman, Dick.; Jermance, Frank. (2003). Navigating the Music Industry: Current Issues & Business Models. Hal Leonard. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-634-02652-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-634-02652-6"><bdi>0-634-02652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navigating+the+Music+Industry%3A+Current+Issues+%26+Business+Models&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-634-02652-6&rft.au=Weissman%2C+Dick.&rft.au=Jermance%2C+Frank.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff,_Kurt.Duane,_Orla.2000" class="citation book cs1">Wolff, Kurt.; Duane, Orla. (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 552. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-534-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-534-8"><bdi>1-85828-534-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Music%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.pages=552&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85828-534-8&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Kurt.&rft.au=Duane%2C+Orla.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic7-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic7_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic7_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d11195">"Celtic Rock Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Celtic+Rock+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fd11195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie.2003" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/154">Eight Miles High: Folk-Rock's Flight from Haight-Ashbury to Woodstock</a>. Backbeat Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turnturnturn00rich/page/154">154–156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-703-X"><bdi>0-87930-703-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eight+Miles+High%3A+Folk-Rock%27s+Flight+from+Haight-Ashbury+to+Woodstock&rft.pages=154-156&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87930-703-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturnturnturn00rich%2Fpage%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r6172">"Open Road review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. 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Omnibus Press. p. 894. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-7670-8"><bdi>0-7119-7670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+British+Charts&rft.pages=894&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7119-7670-8&rft.au=Brown%2C+Tony.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1995" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, Thomas F. (June 1995). "The Social Context of Irish Folk Instruments". International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music. 26 (1). Croatian Musicological Society: 35–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F836964">10.2307/836964</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/836964">836964</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+the+Aesthetics+and+Sociology+of+Music&rft.atitle=The+Social+Context+of+Irish+Folk+Instruments&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-59&rft.date=1995-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F836964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F836964%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyers,_June_Skinner.2001" class="citation book cs1">Sawyers, June Skinner. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celticmusiccompl0000sawy/page/366">Celtic Music: A Complete Guide</a>. Da Capo Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celticmusiccompl0000sawy/page/366">366</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81007-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81007-7"><bdi>0-306-81007-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Music%3A+A+Complete+Guide&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-306-81007-7&rft.au=Sawyers%2C+June+Skinner.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcelticmusiccompl0000sawy%2Fpage%2F366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> E. Macan, Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture (Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> S. Winick, Dirty Linen, 128 (February/March 2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> D. E. Asbjørnsen, Scented Gardens of the Mind, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sgm.paullee.ru/sgm-fr.htm">http://sgm.paullee.ru/sgm-fr.htm</a>, retrieved 29 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> C. Snider, The Strawberry Bricks Guide to Progressive Rock (Lulu.com, 2008), pp. 183–4.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Dave Simpson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/jun/29/popandrock.shopping">"Boogie knights"</a>, The Guardian (London), 29 June 2006, retrieved 22 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> E. Macan, Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture (Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 134–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> B. Sweers, Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> N. Talevski, Rock Obituaries - Knocking on Heaven's Door, (Omnibus Press, April 2010) p.289 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/renaissance-mn0000887619/biography">Renaissance biography</a> Allmusic.com. Retrieved 28 January 2014 </li> </ol></div> Sources <ul><li>Brocken, Michael, (2003) The British Folk Revival, 1944–2002. Ashgate</li> <li>Einarson, John, (2005) Mr. Tambourine Man. Backbeat Books</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1969" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/search/?fq=str_title_serial%3A%22The+Pop+Chronicles+%28John+Gilliland+Collection%29%22&sort=date_a&start=17">"Blowin' in the Wind: Pop discovers folk music"</a> (audio). <a href="/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Libraries" title="University of North Texas Libraries">University of North Texas Libraries</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Blowin%27+in+the+Wind%3A+Pop+discovers+folk+music&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fsearch%2F%3Ffq%3Dstr_title_serial%253A%2522The%2BPop%2BChronicles%2B%2528John%2BGilliland%2BCollection%2529%2522%26sort%3Ddate_a%26start%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2015" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Andrew Grant (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901250059627">1965: The Most Revolutionary Year in Music</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6497-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6497-9"><bdi>978-1-4668-6497-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1965%3A+The+Most+Revolutionary+Year+in+Music&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6497-9&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_2901250059627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolk+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sweers, Britta (2004) Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music. Oxford University Press</li> <li>Unterberger, Richie (2003) Eight Miles High: Folk-Rock's Flight from Haight-Ashbury to Woodstock. Backbeat Books</li> <li>Unterberger, Richie (2002) Turn! Turn! Turn!: the '60s Folk-Rock revolution. Backbeat Books</li> <li>Walker, Michael (2006) Laurel Canyon. Macmillan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_rock&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Cohen, Ronald D., (2006) Folk Music: The Basics. Routledge</li> <li>Friedlander, Paul, (2006) Rock And Roll: A Social History. Westview Press</li> <li>Frith, Simon, The Rock Era, Routledge, 2004</li> <li>Laing, Dave, et al. (1975) The Electric Muse: the story of folk into rock. London: Eyre Methuen</li> <li>Pohle, Horst (1987) The Folk Record Source Book: England / Ireland / Scotland / Wales; 2nd ed. Berlin: Horst Pohle (1st ed.: 1984) (discography of ca. 10,000 LP & EP records by ca. 2500 groups / musicians 1950s to 1987; a few audiotapes where no vinyl discs available)</li> <li>Shelton, Robert (2003) No Direction Home: the life and music of Bob Dylan. Da Capo Press</li> <li>Woodstra, Chris, et al. (2002) All Music Guide to Rock (Byrds). Backbeat Books</li> <li>Zak, Albin (2001) The Poetics of Rock. University of California Press</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Ballad">Ballads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">Love song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war song">Anti-war song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk-pop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">Nerd-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E1%BA%A9m" title="Xẩm">Xẩm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>by region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-trad" title="Néo-trad">Néo-trad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiso" title="Kaiso">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang" title="Parang">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Lâm-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_music" title="Beiguan music">Pak-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">20th-century Western folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_festivals" title="Category:Folk festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_record_labels" title="Category:Folk record labels">Record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by decade of origin (sub-subgenres not included)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_rock" title="Cello rock">Cello rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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