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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Human physical appearance</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apariencia_f%C3%ADsica" title="Apariencia física – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apariencia física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EB%AA%A8" title="용모 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="용모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penampilan_fisik_manusia" title="Penampilan fisik manusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penampilan fisik manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspetto_fisico" title="Aspetto fisico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aspetto fisico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura" title="Sura – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sura" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiterlijk" title="Uiterlijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uiterlijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E8%B2%8C" title="容貌 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="容貌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmisen_ulkon%C3%A4k%C3%B6" title="Ihmisen ulkonäkö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmisen ulkonäkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyo_ng_katawang_pantao" title="Anyo ng katawang pantao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Anyo ng katawang pantao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziksel_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm" title="Fiziksel görünüm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fiziksel görünüm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="انسانی جسمانی ساخت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسانی جسمانی ساخت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo%E1%BA%A1i_h%C3%ACnh_con_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Ngoại hình con người – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngoại hình con người" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Look, outward phenotype</div> <p><b>Human physical appearance</b> is the outward <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> or look of human beings. </p><p>There are functionally infinite variations in human phenotypes, though society reduces the variability to distinct categories. The physical appearance of humans, in particular those attributes which are regarded as important for <a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">physical attractiveness</a>, are believed by <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologists</a> to affect the development of personality significantly and <a href="/wiki/Social_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Social relations">social relations</a>. Many humans are acutely sensitive to their physical appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some differences in human appearance are <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a>, others are the result of <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (sociology)">lifestyle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, and many are the result of personal <a href="/wiki/Adornment" title="Adornment">adornment</a>. </p><p>Some people have linked some differences with <a href="/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (classification of human beings)">ethnicity</a>, such as skeletal shape, <a href="/wiki/Prognathism" title="Prognathism">prognathism</a> or elongated stride. Different cultures place different degrees of emphasis on physical appearance and its importance to social status and other phenomena. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspects">Aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various aspects are considered relevant to the physical appearance of humans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physiological_differences">Physiological differences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physiological differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_variation" title="Anatomical variation">Anatomical variation</a></div> <p>Humans are distributed across the globe except for Antarctica and form a variable species. In adults, the average weight varies from around 40 kg (88 pounds) for the smallest and most lightly built tropical people to around 80 kg (176 pounds) for the heavier northern peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Size also varies between the sexes, with the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> in humans being more pronounced than that of <a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a>, but less than the dimorphism found in gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colouration of skin, hair and eyes also varies considerably, with darker pigmentation dominating in tropical climates and lighter in polar regions. </p> <ul><li>Genetic, ethnic affiliation, geographical ancestry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_height" title="Human height">Height</a>, <a href="/wiki/Body_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Body weight">body weight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">skin tone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Androgenic_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgenic hair">body hair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual organ">sexual organs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair color">hair color</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hair_texture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair texture">hair texture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eye_color" title="Eye color">eye color</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eye</a> shape (see <a href="/wiki/Epicanthic_fold" title="Epicanthic fold">epicanthic fold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eyelid#Variations_in_structure" title="Eyelid">eyelid variations</a>), <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">nose</a> shape (see <a href="/wiki/Nasal_bridge" title="Nasal bridge">nasal bridge</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ear</a> shape (see <a href="/wiki/Earlobes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earlobes">earlobes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Body_shape" title="Body shape">body shape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_difference" title="Visible difference">Body and skin variations</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scar" title="Scar">scars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burn_(injury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burn (injury)">burns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">wounds</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-term_physiological_changes">Long-term physiological changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Long-term physiological changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Hair loss</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-term_physiological_changes">Short-term physiological changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Short-term physiological changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blushing" title="Blushing">Blushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crying" title="Crying">crying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fainting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fainting">fainting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiccup" title="Hiccup">hiccup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yawning" class="mw-redirect" title="Yawning">yawning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laughing" class="mw-redirect" title="Laughing">laughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttering" title="Stuttering">stuttering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweating" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweating">sweating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivering" title="Shivering">shivering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">skin color changes</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunshine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing,_personal_effects,_and_intentional_body_modifications"><span id="Clothing.2C_personal_effects.2C_and_intentional_body_modifications"></span>Clothing, personal effects, and intentional body modifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clothing, personal effects, and intentional body modifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">headgear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">footwear</a>; some clothes alter or mold the shape of the body (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Corset" title="Corset">corset</a>, support pantyhose, <a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">bra</a>). As for <a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">footwear</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-heeled_footwear" class="mw-redirect" title="High-heeled footwear">high heels</a> make a person look taller.</li> <li>Style and colour of <a href="/wiki/Haircut" class="mw-redirect" title="Haircut">haircut</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">mohawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">dreadlocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">braids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponytail" title="Ponytail">ponytail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wig_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wig (hair)">wig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hairpin_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairpin (fashion)">hairpin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">facial hair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">beard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">moustache</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a>, stage makeup, <a href="/wiki/Body_painting" title="Body painting">body paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permanent_makeup" title="Permanent makeup">permanent makeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_modification" title="Body modification">Body modifications</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">body piercings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarification" title="Scarification">scarification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subdermal_implants" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdermal implants">subdermal implants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li>Decorative objects (<a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">necklaces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">bracelets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finger_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger ring">rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">earrings</a></li> <li>Medical or body shape altering devices (<i>e.g.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tooth_braces" class="mw-redirect" title="Tooth braces">tooth braces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandage" title="Bandage">bandages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cast_(orthopedic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cast (orthopedic)">casts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearing_aids" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing aids">hearing aids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_collar" title="Cervical collar">cervical collar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crutches" class="mw-redirect" title="Crutches">crutches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lenses</a> of different colours, <a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">glasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grill_(jewelry)" title="Grill (jewelry)">gold teeth</a>). For example, the same person's appearance can be quite different, depending on whether they use any of the aforementioned modifications.</li> <li>Exercises, for example, <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_functional_objects,_temporarily_attached_to_the_body"><span id="Other_functional_objects.2C_temporarily_attached_to_the_body"></span>Other functional objects, temporarily attached to the body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other functional objects, temporarily attached to the body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Capes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a> ornaments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headdress" class="mw-redirect" title="Headdress">Headdresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">handsfree</a> phone headset</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">Jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetic_limb" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosthetic limb">Prosthetic limbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watches</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Appearance" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Appearance">Appearance</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">Body image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deformity" title="Deformity">Deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenface" title="Eigenface">Eigenface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">Face perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_symmetry" title="Facial symmetry">Facial symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_body_shape" title="Female body shape">Female body shape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">Hairstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_variability" title="Human variability">Human variability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Human body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_coloring" title="Hair coloring">Hair coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatotype_and_constitutional_psychology" title="Somatotype and constitutional psychology">Somatotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">Vanity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnderson-Fye2012" class="citation book cs1">Anderson-Fye, EP (2012). Cash, Thomas F. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modificazione.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/anthropological-perspectives-on-physical-appearance-and-body-images.pdf"><i>Anthropological Perspectives on Physical Appearance, and Body Image</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Body Image and Its Disorder in Anthropology. Vol. 1. Academic Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-384925-0.00003-1">10.1016/B978-0-12-384925-0.00003-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780123849250" title="Special:BookSources/9780123849250"><bdi>9780123849250</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2018</span>. <q>[Cases] of immigration have repeatedly shown that if a person who is obese believes that their body is beyond individual control but is placed into a medical system that assumes individual rational actors in its treatments, adherence is likely to be low and those treatments are ineffective...[Young] ethnic Fijian women associated the thin body ideal with a particular lifestyle that they found desirable</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropological+Perspectives+on+Physical+Appearance%2C+and+Body+Image&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-384925-0.00003-1&rft.isbn=9780123849250&rft.aulast=Anderson-Fye&rft.aufirst=EP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmodificazione.files.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fanthropological-perspectives-on-physical-appearance-and-body-images.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+physical+appearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf">"Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2003–2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anthropometric+Reference+Data+for+Children+and+Adults%3A+United+States%2C+2003%E2%80%932006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnhsr%2Fnhsr010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+physical+appearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea1985" class="citation journal cs1">Shea, Brian T. (1985). "The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the African apes". <i>American Journal of Primatology</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 183–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajp.1350080208">10.1002/ajp.1350080208</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986820">31986820</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85730045">85730045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Primatology&rft.atitle=The+ontogeny+of+sexual+dimorphism+in+the+African+apes&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183-188&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85730045%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31986820&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajp.1350080208&rft.aulast=Shea&rft.aufirst=Brian+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+physical+appearance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&oldid=1256941769">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_physical_appearance&oldid=1256941769</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_appearance" title="Category:Human appearance">Human appearance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_body" title="Category:Human body">Human body</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fashion" title="Category:Fashion">Fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" title="Category:Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 09:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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