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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rest_Stop,_North_Korea._(2604218611).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg/220px-Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg/330px-Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg/440px-Rest_Stop%2C_North_Korea._%282604218611%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A man <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">smokes</a> at a shop selling cigarettes.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a> is popular in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and culturally acceptable among men, but not for women. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, some 43.6% of men are reported to smoke daily, whilst in contrast only 4.5% of women smoke daily, with most of these being older women from rural areas. Smoking is a leading cause of death in North Korea, and as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> mortality figures indicate that 14.2% of North Koreans die due to smoking-related causes, which is the 6th highest rate after <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_control" title="Tobacco control">tobacco control</a> programs in North Korea, and although smoking was not <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">prohibited</a> in all public spaces, the smoking rates have declined since their peak in the 2000s. </p><p>However, according to the <a href="/wiki/KCNA" class="mw-redirect" title="KCNA">KCNA</a>, the state news agency of North Korea, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a> has introduced smoking bans in some public places to provide citizens with "hygienic living environments".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All three <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of North Korea">leaders of North Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> — have been smokers and the country has struggled to balance their public image with its anti-smoking efforts. In general, North Koreans tend to prefer strong tobacco and different classes of quality range from homegrown to sought-after foreign brands that are considered <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbols</a>. As a percentage of the available arable land compared to consumption, the tobacco crop is over-represented in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Korea" title="Agriculture in North Korea">North Korean agriculture</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 5,355,658 adults and 4% of the youth in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> are believed to consume <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> daily.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated by the <a href="/wiki/World_Lung_Foundation" title="World Lung Foundation">World Lung Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>'s <i>The Tobacco Atlas</i> (2019 data) that 43.6% of men, 4.5% of women, nearly 2.4% of boys and 5.1% of girls (aged <15) are daily smokers, with the average smoker (data is likely skewed towards males due to the higher prevalence of smoking in this group) smoking an average of 609 cigarettes per person per year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) data is roughly comparable, with 44% of men classified as smokers (only 33% are classed as "daily smokers"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20152_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20152-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst North Korean anti-smoking authorities put the figure even higher, saying that some 54% of men are smokers.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overall, the average smoker consumes 12.4 cigarettes per day,<sup id="cite_ref-STEP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STEP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with this figure rising slightly to 15 per day when just male smokers are considered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO200913_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO200913-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average smoker starts smoking at the age of 23 and the percentage of the population that smokes increases with age until the 55–64 age group,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO200913_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO200913-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which it declines.<sup id="cite_ref-STEP_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STEP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, people who live in urban areas tend to smoke more cigarettes per day than rural farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO200913_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO200913-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data indicate that the prevalence of smoking in North Korea is on par with <a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">South Korea</a>, although South Korean men pick up the habit earlier and smoke more cigarettes per day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhang2013926_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhang2013926-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high rate of smoking in South Korea is possibly due to it being a capitalist society, where marketing is prevalent and consumption is uncontrolled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhang2013927_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhang2013927-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, much of the current information regarding the smoking habits of North Koreans is obtained by studying <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korean defectors</a> who now live in South Korea and may not be totally representative of the true picture. One study of defectors found that smoking is even more common than anticipated, but <a href="/wiki/Nicotine_dependence" title="Nicotine dependence">nicotine dependence</a> was not as severe as predicted. Defectors are reported as often being very interested in quitting smoking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim_et_al.2016685_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim_et_al.2016685-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 220px; height: 330px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -150px; left: -120px; width: 780px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea_(5015253795).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="North Korea's first Supreme Leader Kim Il Sung depicted smoking. All three leaders have been smokers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg/780px-North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="780" height="520" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg/1170px-North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg/1560px-North_Korea_%285015253795%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea_(5015253795).jpg" title="File:North Korea (5015253795).jpg"> </a></div>North Korea's first Supreme Leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> depicted smoking. All three leaders have been smokers. </div> </div> </div> <p>Tobacco first arrived in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> in the early-1600s from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007107_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and until around 1880, both men and women smoked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007109_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007109-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, North Koreans consider smoking to be a normal activity for men, but <a href="/wiki/Women_and_smoking" title="Women and smoking">female smoking</a> has become a social taboo.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of North Korea's three <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of North Korea">leaders</a>—<a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a>, his father <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a> and grandfather <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>; have been smokers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kim Jong Il has called smokers one of the "three main fools of the 21st century", along with people who do not understand music or computers.<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current leader Kim Jong Un is often seen smoking in public,<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including in university classrooms, subway carriages, and in the presence of his pregnant wife <a href="/wiki/Ri_Sol-ju" title="Ri Sol-ju">Ri Sol-ju</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DailyNK2016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyNK2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> facts that "might make the life of the North Korean health educators more complicated."<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While discussing any negative aspects of the leaders has normally been rare, some North Koreans have recently raised the issue of the apparent contradiction between anti-smoking measures and Kim's public image with foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_and_smoking">Women and smoking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Women and smoking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Women_and_smoking" title="Women and smoking">Female smoking</a> is a taboo in North Korea<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered even more disgraceful than heavy drinking. Women are said to "react with shock if you joke that maybe they secretly smoke in bathrooms".<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smoking by older women, above the age of 45 to 50,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007109_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007109-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is more tolerated, particularly in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, for men smoking is considered such an important social activity that men who do not smoke can become socially isolated at workplaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smokers'_preferences"><span id="Smokers.27_preferences"></span>Smokers' preferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Smokers' preferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_(8195707755).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg/220px-PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg/330px-PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg/440px-PYONGYANG_SUNAN_AIRPORT_AWAITING_FOR_AIR_KORYO_IL18_DEPARTURE_TO_ORANG_MOUNT_CHILBO_ON_A_WET_TUESDAY_MORNING_DPR_KOREA_OCT_2012_%288195707755%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4610" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cigarettes being sold at a <a href="/wiki/Duty-free_shop" title="Duty-free shop">duty-free shop</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_Sunan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyongyang Sunan International Airport">Pyongyang Sunan International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Even though most consumer items are in short supply in North Korea, there is a considerable variety of cigarettes available.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, strong tobacco is preferred,<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_filter" title="Cigarette filter">filters</a> are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western brands, particularly American, but also Chinese, Russian and Japanese<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are popular with the elite and preferred over domestic cigarettes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign cigarettes and the domestic <a href="/w/index.php?title=727_(cigarette)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="727 (cigarette) (page does not exist)">7.27</a> brand, whose name stands for 27 July, the date of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a>; are veritable <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Menthol_cigarette" title="Menthol cigarette">Menthol cigarettes</a> are virtually non-existent, but there is competition among tobacco companies to introduce other attractive products, such as fruit-flavored balls inside the filter to give the cigarette a more distinct flavour.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those who have <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">hard currency</a> can easily buy imported cigarettes from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_currency_shop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard currency shop (page does not exist)">hard currency shops</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although these will also stock the best domestic brands (such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pak_Ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pak Ma (page does not exist)">Pak Ma</a> (백마)) to convince tourists of the quality of North Korean tobacco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cigarettes are popular gifts,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007107_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tourists are recommended to give Western brands of cigarettes to tour guides.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the country, cigarettes are used as a form of currency in <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_North_Korea" title="Corruption in North Korea">bribery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007107_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg/220px-Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg/330px-Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg/440px-Air_Koryo_complimentary_newspaper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>The party newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i> is used as <a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">rolling paper</a> for <a href="/wiki/Roll-your-own_cigarette" title="Roll-your-own cigarette">roll-your-own cigarettes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Those who <a href="/wiki/Roll-your-own_cigarette" title="Roll-your-own cigarette">roll their own</a> tobacco prefer to use sheets of <i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i>—the organ of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea">Central Committee</a> of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a>—as <a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">rolling paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One piece of the paper can be used to roll some 40–50 cigarettes. According to one defector, when a North Korean "starts to smoke the <i>Rodong Sinmun</i> tobacco, he cannot smoke other kinds of tobacco. I used to smoke the <i>Rodong Sinmun</i> tobacco, and after defection, couldn't smoke with Chinese paper tobacco due to the poor taste."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the <i>Rodong Sinmun</i> is in limited circulation, most North Koreans roll their cigarettes with some other paper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201398_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201398-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Health effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The health impacts of smoking are well documented and in North Korea the high prevalence of smoking has a significant impact on the health of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO200913_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO200913-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> mortality figures indicate that 14.2% of North Koreans die due to smoking-related causes, which is the 6th highest rate after <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tobacco_control">Tobacco control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tobacco control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tobacco is sold only at designated shops at a fixed price set by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201122_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201122-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a 20-pack of the most common cigarette brand costs 246.38 <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">KPW</a> (US$2.51),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015137_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015137-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst the cheapest 20-pack sells for as little as 7.47 won (US$0.08).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015149_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015149-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Korea has set up specific government objectives for <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_control" title="Tobacco control">tobacco control</a> and there is a national agency to implement them, with eight full-time staff members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20151_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20151-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there is no free of charge <a href="/wiki/Smoking_cessation" title="Smoking cessation">smoking cessation</a> <a href="/wiki/Quitline" title="Quitline">quitline</a> that smokers could phone and discuss their problems, most healthcare facilities offer support in cessation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including cessation programs and <a href="/wiki/Nicotine_replacement_therapy" title="Nicotine replacement therapy">nicotine replacement therapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costs are covered for the patient partially, or in full by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to regular healthcare clinics, there are eleven specialized anti-smoking centers in the country where consultation is free, but medicine is not.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of medicines, <a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">bupropion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">varenicline</a> are not legally available in North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20154-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but herbal medicines are used as smoking cessation aids.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been attempts at anti-smoking movements "across the generations" in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the earliest major campaign taking place in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While early campaigns had little effect, they have become more frequent in the 2010s and restrictions on smoking have been observed more closely in recent years;<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consequently, since the early-2000s; smoking rates have started to decline.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2015_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are signs that the North Korean government takes anti-smoking campaigns more seriously than they did in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the WHO, North Korea now "keenly celebrates <a href="/wiki/World_No_Tobacco_Day" title="World No Tobacco Day">World No Tobacco Day</a> (WNTD) every year and disseminates information about tobacco use and its effect on health. The Government persuades public health institutions and the media to spread the information about the health effects of tobacco and its adverse impact on environmental protection and economic development."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201122_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201122-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smoking legislation in North Korea has tightened in recent years, although it is still relatively lax and has not had any really meaningful effect on curtailing smoking rates.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyNK2016_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyNK2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rules on where people can or cannot smoke are complex, with smoking prohibited on pavements, ferries, aircraft and at stations, in healthcare and educational facilities, pre-schools and nurseries, shops, theaters, cinemas, culture halls and conference rooms, historic and battle sites, and hotel lobbies.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201122_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201122-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201288_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201288-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, smoking is not prohibited in either private or work vehicles or on-board trains, at bus stops, near entrances to buildings, in universities, government offices, workplaces, restaurants, cafes, bars, or nightclubs.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201288_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201288-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_People%27s_Study_House,_smoking_lounge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG/220px-Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG/330px-Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG/440px-Grand_People%27s_Study_House%2C_smoking_lounge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>A smoking lounge at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_People%27s_Study_House" title="Grand People's Study House">Grand People's Study House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the legislation is observed with high levels of compliance,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not uniformly throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Macdonald2016_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macdonald2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are not mandatory fines for smoking transgressions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20153-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the newest 2016 anti-smoking campaign has seen fines issued and offenders threatened with images of them being broadcast on TV.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyNK2016_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyNK2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_packaging_warning_messages" title="Tobacco packaging warning messages">Tobacco packaging warning messages</a> are required on all types of packaging, but their appearance is not regulated in any way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20155–6_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20155–6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually printed in small print on the side of the package and only state that smoking is harmful to health.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the descriptions must state the <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tar_(tobacco_residue)" title="Tar (tobacco residue)">tar</a> content,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201122_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201122-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> must not be misleading and do need to be approved by local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201280_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201280-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graphic warning images that are now common worldwide have never appeared on packaging in North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the creation of the smoking prohibition act in 2020, there are now posters at smoking places displaying graphic images of the effects of smoking, including images of gangrene and lip cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are no restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco advertising">tobacco advertising</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20158_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20158-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there are no advertising campaigns of any kind in <a href="/wiki/Media_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of North Korea">North Korean media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO200968_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO200968-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobacco may not be sold to minors<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWHO201123_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWHO201123-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (those under the age of seventeen)<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_machine" title="Cigarette machine">cigarette machines</a> are banned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20158_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20158-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea imposes no kind of tax at all on tobacco, including specific <a href="/wiki/Excise" title="Excise">excise</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_valorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad valorem">ad valorem</a></i> excise, <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">value-added tax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Import_duty" class="mw-redirect" title="Import duty">import duty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015137_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015137-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_cigarette" title="Electronic cigarette">Electronic cigarettes</a> are legal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20159_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20159-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Korea signed the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" title="WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> on 17 June 2003 and ratified it on 27 April 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015192_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic''2015192-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a new legislation concerning smoking was created with a total of 31 articles. The law bans the smoking of cigarettes in public and commercial places such as at childcare, medical and educational facilities, restaurants, at locations where smoking would be a hazard and at welfare service amenities. This law also restricts the sale of cigarettes to only licensed shops. The law also created a tobacco cessation service which will also provide treatment and publicity campaigns against smoking. Before this law, the fine was not encouraged and the penalty was minimal.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tobacco_industry">Tobacco industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tobacco industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tobacco industry in North Korea is substantial,<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 53,000 hectares (2.3% of its arable land)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dedicated to tobacco cultivation. This is the fourth-highest percentage of arable land dedicated to tobacco in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh201547_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh201547-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the annual output exceeding 80,000 tonnes, making North Korea one of the top 25 tobacco producers worldwide. The best, strongest and most expensive tobacco comes from the north of the DPRK near <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_border" title="China–North Korea border">the border with China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201398_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201398-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many North Korean tobacco companies,<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making some 30 different types of cigarettes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007107_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the biggest tobacco company being the North Korea General Tobacco Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some companies export tobacco to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and elsewhere, sometimes in partnership with foreign firms. For example, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taedong_River_Tobacco_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taedong River Tobacco Company (page does not exist)">Taedong River Tobacco Company</a> (대동강담배합영회사) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rason_Shinhung_Tobacco_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rason Shinhung Tobacco Company (page does not exist)">Rason Shinhung Tobacco Company</a> (라선신흥담배회사), both operating in the <a href="/wiki/Rason_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Rason Special Economic Zone">Rason Special Economic Zone</a>, are partnered with the Chinese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Tobacco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jilin Tobacco (page does not exist)">Jilin Tobacco</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a> also has business in the country, but it has reduced its involvement due to political pressure and public relations reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Choson2016_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choson2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, North Korea paid for goods it imported from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> with poor quality tobacco.<sup id="cite_ref-Lankov2015_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lankov2015-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, during the years of the <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a>, high-end <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyongyang_(cigarette)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyongyang (cigarette) (page does not exist)">Pyongyang</a> brand cigarettes were exported to South Korea where they were popular among South Koreans who wanted to express a pro-<a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">reunification</a> stance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHokkanen201397-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some privately owned tobacco factories, some of which are known to produce <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_consumer_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterfeit consumer goods">counterfeit</a> brand cigarettes for export as part of <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%27s_illicit_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea's illicit activities">North Korea's illicit activities</a> to earn hard currency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea is one of the largest producers of counterfeit cigarettes in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leaf tobacco is cheap and can be bought from markets to roll one's own cigarettes. Many rural farmers produce homegrown tobacco on their own plot of land, while others steal tobacco from co-operative farms for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELankov2007108_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELankov2007108-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azalea_(chimpanzee)" title="Azalea (chimpanzee)">Azalea (chimpanzee)</a> – North Korean smoking chimpanzee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_North_Korea" title="Beer in North Korea">Beer in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Korea" title="Cannabis in North Korea">Cannabis in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco" title="Health effects of tobacco">Health effects of tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_North_Korea" title="Health in North Korea">Health in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Sogyong_Trading" title="Korea Sogyong Trading">Korea Sogyong Trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cigarette_consumption_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita">List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_use" title="Prevalence of tobacco use">Prevalence of tobacco use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking age">Smoking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">Smoking in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_smoking" title="Women and smoking">Women and smoking</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009">Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control 2009</a>, Articles 22 and 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009">Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control 2009</a>, Articles 27 and 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009">Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control 2009</a>, Article 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009">Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control 2009</a>, Article 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009">Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control 2009</a>, Article 22</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHannahMax" class="citation web cs1">Hannah, Ritchie; Max, Roser. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240917201053/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-deaths-smoking?tab=table">"IHME, Global Burden of Disease (2024) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ourworldindata.or&rft.atitle=IHME%2C+Global+Burden+of+Disease+%282024%29+%E2%80%93+with+minor+processing+by+Our+World+in+Data.+%E2%80%9CShare+of+total+deaths+that+are+from+all+causes+attributed+to+smoking%E2%80%9D+%5Bdataset%5D.+IHME%2C+Global+Burden+of+Disease%2C+%E2%80%9CGlobal+Burden+of+Disease+-+Risk+Factors%E2%80%9D+%5Boriginal+data%5D.&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Ritchie&rft.au=Max%2C+Roser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fshare-deaths-smoking%3Ftab%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/05/north-korea-bans-smoking-in-public-places-to-safeguard-hygienic-living">"North Korea bans smoking in public places to safeguard 'hygienic living'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Reuters. 5 November 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=North+Korea+bans+smoking+in+public+places+to+safeguard+%27hygienic+living%27&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fnov%2F05%2Fnorth-korea-bans-smoking-in-public-places-to-safeguard-hygienic-living&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtobacco" class="citation web cs1">tobacco, atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823091150/https://tobaccoatlas.org/factsheets/democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/">"Country Factsheets"</a>. <i>tobaccoatlas.org</i>. tobaccoatlas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tobaccoatlas.org/factsheets/democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/">the original</a> on 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tobaccoatlas.org&rft.atitle=Country+Factsheets&rft.aulast=tobacco&rft.aufirst=atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftobaccoatlas.org%2Ffactsheets%2Fdemocratic-peoples-republic-of-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtobacco" class="citation web cs1">tobacco, atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823091150/https://tobaccoatlas.org/factsheets/democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/">"Country Factsheets"</a>. <i>tobaccoatlas.org</i>. tobaccoatlas. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tobaccoatlas.org&rft.atitle=Country+Factsheets&rft.aulast=tobacco&rft.aufirst=atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftobaccoatlas.org%2Ffactsheets%2Fdemocratic-peoples-republic-of-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20152-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''WHO_Country_Profile''20152_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWHO_Country_Profile2015"><i>WHO Country Profile</i> 2015</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCMP2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCMP2016_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/1986135/smokers-paradise-north-korea-now-urging-people-quit-though-kim">"Smokers' Paradise: North Korea is Now Urging People to Quit, though Kim Jong-un Sets a Poor Example"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tobacco+Atlas&rft.atitle=Warnings+%26+Packaging&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobaccoatlas.org%2Ftopic%2Fwarnings-packaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531144721/http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=38268">"More and more people eager to quit smoking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pyongyang_Times" title="The Pyongyang Times">The Pyongyang Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=38268">the original</a> on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=38269">the original</a> on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pyongyang+Times&rft.atitle=Smoking+control+gets+stricter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pyongyangtimes.com.kp%2F%3Fbbs%3D38269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/topic/growing-tobacco/">"Growing Tobacco"</a>. <i>The Tobacco Atlas</i>. World Lung Foundation. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tobacco+Atlas&rft.atitle=Growing+Tobacco&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobaccoatlas.org%2Ftopic%2Fgrowing-tobacco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh201547-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh201547_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh2015">Eriksen et al. 2015</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/topic/tobacco-companies/">"Tobacco Companies"</a>. <i>The Tobacco Atlas</i>. World Lung Foundation. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tobacco+Atlas&rft.atitle=Tobacco+Companies&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobaccoatlas.org%2Ftopic%2Ftobacco-companies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lankov2015-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lankov2015_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLankov2015" class="citation book cs1">Lankov, Andrei (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_North_Korea:_Life_and_Politics_in_the_Failed_Stalinist_Utopia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia">The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939003-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939003-8"><bdi>978-0-19-939003-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+North+Korea%3A+Life+and+Politics+in+the+Failed+Stalinist+Utopia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-939003-8&rft.aulast=Lankov&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCha2012" class="citation book cs1">Cha, Victor (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AShswwfIbqsC&pg=PA8"><i>The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future</i></a>. London: Random House. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3958-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3958-3"><bdi>978-1-4481-3958-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impossible+State%3A+North+Korea%2C+Past+and+Future&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-3958-3&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAShswwfIbqsC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEriksenMackaySchlugerGomeshtapeh2015" class="citation book cs1">Eriksen, Micahel; Mackay, Judith; Schluger, Neil; Gomeshtapeh, Farhad Islami; Drope, Jeffery (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016082748/http://3pk43x313ggr4cy0lh3tctjh.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TA5_2015_WEB.pdf#page=9"><i>The Tobacco Atlas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Fifth ed.). Atlanta: American Cancer Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60443-235-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60443-235-0"><bdi>978-1-60443-235-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3pk43x313ggr4cy0lh3tctjh.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TA5_2015_WEB.pdf#page=9">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tobacco+Atlas&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-60443-235-0&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=Micahel&rft.au=Mackay%2C+Judith&rft.au=Schluger%2C+Neil&rft.au=Gomeshtapeh%2C+Farhad+Islami&rft.au=Drope%2C+Jeffery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F3pk43x313ggr4cy0lh3tctjh.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F03%2FTA5_2015_WEB.pdf%23page%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHokkanen2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hokkanen, Jouni (2013). <i>Pohjois-Korea: Siperiasta itään</i> [<i>North Korea: East of Siberia</i>] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Johnny Kniga. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-0-39946-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-0-39946-0"><bdi>978-951-0-39946-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pohjois-Korea%3A+Siperiasta+it%C3%A4%C3%A4n&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Johnny+Kniga&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-951-0-39946-0&rft.aulast=Hokkanen&rft.aufirst=Jouni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhang2013" class="citation journal cs1">Khang Young-Ho (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyt134">"Two Koreas, War and Health"</a>. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>42</b> (4): 925–929. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyt134">10.1093/ije/dyt134</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24062281">24062281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Two+Koreas%2C+War+and+Health&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=925-929&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyt134&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24062281&rft.au=Khang+Young-Ho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyt134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim_et_al.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kim Sei Won; Lee Jong Min; Ban Woo Ho; Park Chan Kwon; Yoon Hyoung Kyu; Lee Sang Haak (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939500">"Smoking Habits and Nicotine Dependence of North Korean Male Defectors"</a>. <i>Korean Journal of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>31</b> (4): 685–693. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3904%2Fkjim.2015.114">10.3904/kjim.2015.114</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939500">4939500</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26951917">26951917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Journal+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Smoking+Habits+and+Nicotine+Dependence+of+North+Korean+Male+Defectors&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=685-693&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4939500%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26951917&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3904%2Fkjim.2015.114&rft.au=Kim+Sei+Won&rft.au=Lee+Jong+Min&rft.au=Ban+Woo+Ho&rft.au=Park+Chan+Kwon&rft.au=Yoon+Hyoung+Kyu&rft.au=Lee+Sang+Haak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4939500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLankov2007" class="citation book cs1">Lankov, Andrei (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hmKiUkUE_p8C&pg=PA107"><i>North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea</i></a>. Jefferson: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5141-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5141-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-5141-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+of+the+DMZ%3A+Essays+on+Daily+Life+in+North+Korea&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5141-8&rft.aulast=Lankov&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhmKiUkUE_p8C%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea_on_Tobacco_Control2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/files/live/North%20Korea/North%20Korea%20-%20TC%20Law.pdf#page=12">"Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on Tobacco Control"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pyongyang: Legislation Press. 2010 [2009].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+of+the+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea+on+Tobacco+Control&rft.place=Pyongyang&rft.pub=Legislation+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobaccocontrollaws.org%2Ffiles%2Flive%2FNorth%2520Korea%2FNorth%2520Korea%2520-%2520TC%2520Law.pdf%23page%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHO2009" class="citation book cs1">WHO (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213183349/http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_prk_en.pdf#page=13"><i>WHO Country Cooperation Strategy: Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2009–2013</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_prk_en.pdf#page=13">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Country+Cooperation+Strategy%3A+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea+2009%E2%80%932013&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization+Regional+Office+for+South-East+Asia&rft.date=2009&rft.au=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fcountryfocus%2Fcooperation_strategy%2Fccs_prk_en.pdf%23page%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHO2011" class="citation book cs1">WHO (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205678"><i>Profile on Implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the South-East Asia Region</i></a>. World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F205678">10665/205678</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9022-398-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9022-398-6"><bdi>978-92-9022-398-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profile+on+Implementation+of+WHO+Framework+Convention+on+Tobacco+Control+in+the+South-East+Asia+Region&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization+Regional+Office+for+South-East+Asia&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F205678&rft.isbn=978-92-9022-398-6&rft.au=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F205678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHO2012" class="citation book cs1">WHO (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/79170#.pdf"><i>2012 Global Progress Report on Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-150465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-150465-2"><bdi>978-92-4-150465-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2012+Global+Progress+Report+on+Implementation+of+the+WHO+Framework+Convention+on+Tobacco+Control&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-92-4-150465-2&rft.au=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F79170%23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHO_Country_Profile2015" class="citation book cs1">WHO Country Profile (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025032414/http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/prk.pdf"><i>WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2015: Country Profile: Democratic People's Republic of Korea</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/prk.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Report+on+the+Global+Tobacco+Epidemic%2C+2015%3A+Country+Profile%3A+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2015&rft.au=WHO+Country+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ftobacco%2Fsurveillance%2Fpolicy%2Fcountry_profile%2Fprk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWHO_Report_on_the_Global_Tobacco_Epidemic2015" class="citation book cs1">WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710052813/http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2015/report/en/#.pdf"><i>WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2015: Raising Taxes on Tobacco</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-069460-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-069460-6"><bdi>978-92-4-069460-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2015/report/en/#.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Report+on+the+Global+Tobacco+Epidemic%2C+2015%3A+Raising+Taxes+on+Tobacco&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-4-069460-6&rft.au=WHO+Report+on+the+Global+Tobacco+Epidemic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ftobacco%2Fglobal_report%2F2015%2Freport%2Fen%2F%23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmoking+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smoking_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tobacco_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tobacco of North Korea">Tobacco of North Korea</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/country-data/dpr-korea/">North Korea</a> at <i>The Tobacco Atlas</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2016/02/north-korean-site-lists-cigarette-addiction-cure/">"North Korean Site Lists Cigarette Addiction Cure"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/NK_News" title="NK News">NK News</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Smoking_nav" title="Template:Smoking nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Smoking_nav" title="Template talk:Smoking nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Smoking_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Smoking nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tobacco_smoking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country<br />and region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Egypt" title="Smoking in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Nigeria" title="Smoking in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Africa" title="Smoking in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_East_Timor" title="Smoking in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Hong_Kong" title="Smoking in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Iran" title="Smoking in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Iraq" title="Smoking in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Macau" title="Smoking in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Malaysia" title="Smoking in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Pakistan" title="Smoking in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_the_Philippines" title="Smoking in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Smoking in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Singapore" title="Smoking in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Syria" title="Smoking in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Taiwan" title="Smoking in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Turkey" title="Smoking in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Vietnam" title="Smoking in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Australia" title="Smoking in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_New_Zealand" title="Smoking in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Tokelau" title="Smoking in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_policy_in_Armenia" title="Tobacco policy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Croatia" title="Smoking in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Finland" title="Smoking in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Hungary" title="Smoking in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Ireland" title="Smoking in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Italy" title="Smoking in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Latvia" title="Smoking in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Norway" title="Smoking in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Sweden" title="Smoking in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Turkey" title="Smoking in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Ecuador" title="Smoking in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Uruguay" title="Smoking in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_smoking" title="Religious views on smoking">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Jewish_law" title="Smoking in Jewish law">Smoking in Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_tobacco" title="Islamic views on tobacco">Islamic views on tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_fatwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco fatwa">Tobacco fatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnikinnick" title="Kinnikinnick">Kinnikinnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_bag" title="Pipe bag">Pipe bag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco" title="Health effects of tobacco">Health effects of tobacco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicotine_poisoning" title="Nicotine poisoning">Nicotine poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_withdrawal" title="Nicotine withdrawal">Nicotine withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-hand_smoke" title="Third-hand smoke">Third-hand smoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_use" title="Prevalence of tobacco use">Prevalence of tobacco use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia_and_tobacco_smoking" title="Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking">Schizophrenia and smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidestream_smoke" title="Sidestream smoke">Sidestream smoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_tobacco_keratosis" title="Smokeless tobacco keratosis">Smokeless tobacco keratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoker%27s_face" title="Smoker's face">Smoker's face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoker%27s_melanosis" title="Smoker's melanosis">Smoker's melanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatitis_nicotina" title="Stomatitis nicotina">Stomatitis nicotina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking age">Smoking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_and_male_infertility" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking and male infertility">Smoking and male infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_cessation" title="Smoking cessation">Smoking cessation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco-free_pharmacies" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco-free pharmacies">Tobacco-free pharmacies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_packaging_warning_messages" title="Tobacco packaging warning messages">Tobacco packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" title="WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPOWER_tobacco_control" title="MPOWER tobacco control">MPOWER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_to_Eliminate_Illicit_Trade_in_Tobacco_Products" title="Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products">Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_No_Tobacco_Day" title="World No Tobacco Day">World No Tobacco Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_smoking" title="Youth smoking">Youth smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_and_smoking" title="Women and smoking">Women and smoking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_difficulties#Tobacco_smoking" title="Breastfeeding difficulties">Breastfeeding difficulties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_factors_for_breast_cancer#Tobacco" title="Risk factors for breast cancer">Breast cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer#Causes" title="Cervical cancer">Cervical cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause#Additional_factors" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(breasts)#Causes" title="Ptosis (breasts)">Ptosis of the breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_and_female_infertility" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking and female infertility">Smoking and female infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancy" title="Smoking and pregnancy">Smoking and pregnancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">Smoking ban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inflight_smoking" title="Inflight smoking">Inflight smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans" title="List of smoking bans">List of smoking bans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_bans_in_private_vehicles" title="Smoking bans in private vehicles">Smoking bans in private vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco-free_college_campuses" title="Tobacco-free college campuses">Tobacco-free college campuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans#Smoking_bans_by_country" title="List of smoking bans">Country and region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_Australia" title="List of smoking bans in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking ban in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_%C3%89vin" title="Loi Évin">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_the_United_States" title="List of smoking bans in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chain_smoking" title="Chain smoking">Chain smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_consumption_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco consumption by country">Tobacco consumption by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_smoking" title="History of smoking">History of smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_cap" title="Smoking cap">Smoking cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeasy" title="Smokeasy">Smokeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_fetishism" title="Smoking fetishism">Smoking fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_association_football" title="Smoking in association football">Smoking in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">Smoking jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_pipe" title="Tobacco pipe">Tobacco pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_room" title="Smoking room">Smoking room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_marketing" title="Nicotine marketing">Nicotine marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Smoking" title="Category:Smoking">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cigarettes" title="Template:Cigarettes">Cigarettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronic_cigarettes" title="Template:Electronic cigarettes">Electronic cigarettes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Index_of_Korea-related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korea_topics" title="Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Korea_topics" title="Template talk:Korea topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Korea_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Index_of_Korea-related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Index of Korea-related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military history of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">List of monarchs of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Timeline of Korean history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangun Joseon">Dangun Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gija_Joseon" title="Gija Joseon">Gija Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wiman_Joseon" title="Wiman Joseon">Wiman Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Korean_state)" title="Jin (Korean state)">Jin (Korean state)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto%E2%80%93Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Proto–Three Kingdoms period">Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo" title="Buyeo">Buyeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Okjeo" title="Okjeo">Okjeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ye" title="Eastern Ye">Dongye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Four_Commanderies_of_Han" title="Four Commanderies of Han">Four Commanderies of Han</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya confederacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_States_period" title="Northern and Southern States period">North–South States Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">Later Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> / <a href="/wiki/Later_Baekje" title="Later Baekje">Later Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States Army Military Government in Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet Civil Administration</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Korea" title="History of South Korea">History of South Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Korea" title="History of North Korea">History of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography_of_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Korea" title="Geography of Korea">Geography of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_North_Korea" title="Template:Borders of North Korea">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Korea">List of islands of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Korea" title="List of lakes of Korea">List of lakes of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Korea" title="List of mountains in Korea">List of mountains in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Korea" title="List of rivers of Korea">List of rivers of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Korea" title="Provinces of Korea">Provinces of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Korea" title="Regions of Korea">Regions of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_South_Korea" title="Geology of South Korea">Geology of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Korea" title="Floods in Korea">Floods in Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">Geography of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of North Korea">Administrative divisions of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Korea" title="List of cities in North Korea">List of cities in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_cities_of_North_Korea" title="Special cities of North Korea">Special cities of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Korea" title="Geology of North Korea">Geology of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">Geography of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of South Korea">Administrative divisions of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_South_Korea" title="Environment of South Korea">Environment of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea" title="List of cities in South Korea">List of cities in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_cities_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of special cities of South Korea">List of special cities of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">Constitution of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">Foreign relations of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">Government of North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">Supreme Leader of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_North_Korea" title="List of heads of state of North Korea">Heads of state of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">Premier of North Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_North_Korea" title="Law of North Korea">Law of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">Politics of North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">Elections in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea#Political_parties_and_elections" title="Politics of North Korea">Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea" title="State Affairs Commission of North Korea">State Affairs Commission of North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the State Affairs Commission">President of State Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">Constitution of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">Foreign relations of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">Government of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister of South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Korea" title="Human rights in South Korea">Human rights in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Republic of Korea Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Politics of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Elections in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Presidential elections in South Korea">Presidential elections in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Legislative elections in South Korea">Legislative elections in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">List of political parties in South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Korea and weapons of mass destruction">South Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly (South Korea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_South_Korea" title="Judiciary of South Korea">Judiciary of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Supreme Court of Korea">Supreme Court of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court of Korea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Korea" title="Economy of North Korea">Economy of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">Automotive industry in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Korea" title="Energy in North Korea">Energy in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">Telecommunications in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Korea" title="Tourism in North Korea">Tourism in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_North_Korea" title="Transport in North Korea">Transport in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Korea" title="Agriculture in North Korea">Agriculture in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_famine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean famine">North Korean famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangmadang" title="Jangmadang">Jangmadang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_North_Korea" title="Mining in North Korea">Mining in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rason_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Rason Special Economic Zone">Rason Special Economic Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea" title="Economy of South Korea">Economy of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">Automotive industry in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Economic inequality in South Korea">Economic inequality in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Korea" title="Energy in South Korea">Energy in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">Telecommunications in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Korea" title="Tourism in South Korea">Tourism in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Korea" title="Transport in South Korea">Transport in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaebol" title="Chaebol">Chaebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_South_Korea" title="Financial services in South Korea">Financial services in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Fishing industry in South Korea">Fishing industry in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River" title="Miracle on the Han River">Miracle on the Han River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_South_Korea" title="Science and technology in South Korea">Science and technology in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_South_Korea" title="Squatting in South Korea">Squatting in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Trade unions in South Korea">Trade unions in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Demographics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Demographics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">Demographics of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">Demographics of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_South_Korea" title="Aging of South Korea">Aging of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Gender inequality in South Korea">Gender inequality in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_birth_rate_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Low birth rate in South Korea">Low birth rate in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_adoption_of_South_Korean_children" title="International adoption of South Korean children">International adoption of South Korean children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_of_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Cinema of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_South_Korea" title="Globalization in South Korea">Globalization in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korean martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_philosophy" title="Korean philosophy">Korean philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Religion in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(wrestling)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korean sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_South_Korea" title="Tattooing in South Korea">Tattooing in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calligraphy" title="Korean calligraphy">Korean calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Traditional music of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_painting" title="Korean painting">Korean painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Korean pottery and porcelain">Korean pottery and porcelain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Korea" title="Culture of North Korea">Culture of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Korea" title="Education in North Korea">Education in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_literature" title="North Korean literature">North Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">Religion in North Korea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smoking in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_North_Korea" title="Sport in North Korea">Sport in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Mass_Games" title="Arirang Mass Games">Arirang Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">Propaganda in North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Korea" title="Culture of South Korea">Culture of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">Education in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">Religion in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">Smoking in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Korea" title="Sport in South Korea">Sport in South Korea</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in South Korea">Marriage in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_South_Korea" title="Mass media in South Korea">Media of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">Sexuality in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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