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class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 朋友圈=菌群圈 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 6546 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-22 21:23</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=41174&catid=2">海外观察</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">朋友圈也是菌群圈</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">一顿共同的饭，一个脸颊上的吻：这些社交活动将人们聚集在一起，也将他们的微生物组聚集在一起。一项研究称，人们互动的次数越多，</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00194-2" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">他们的肠道微生物组成就越相似</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">，即使个人不住在同一个家庭中</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR1" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">1</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">显示。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">该研究还发现，</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00193-3" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">一个人的微生物组</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">不仅受其社交关系的影响，还受社交关系的影响。这项工作是几项研究之一</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR4" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">4</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">这增加了健康状况可能由微生物组在个体之间的传播来塑造的可能性，而不仅仅是由</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02065-y" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">饮食和其他影响肠道菌群的环境因素</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">决定。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">俄勒冈大学尤金分校（</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">University of Oregon in Eugene）的微生物学家凯瑟琳·罗宾逊（Catherine Robinson）说，在寻求了解是什么塑造了一个人的微生物组的过程中，社交互动“绝对是我认为直到最近才缺失的一块拼图”，她没有参与这项工作。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">该研究于</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">11 月 20 日发表在</span></span><em><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">《自然》</span></em><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">杂志</span><em><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">上。</span></em></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;font-size: 19px">我的就是你的</span></strong></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">这项研究源于研究</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR2" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">2</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">近</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">20 年前发表的文章调查了肥胖症如何在社交网络中传播。已知在</span></span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00203-4" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">肠道微生物组中</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">发现的某些病毒和细菌会改变一个人</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03614-9" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">患肥胖症的风险</span></span></a><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR3" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">3</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">，社会科学家</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">Nicholas Christakis 想知道，朋友除了影响彼此的饮食习惯外，是否还会将这些微生物传给彼此。“这是一个我无法放弃的想法的核心，”康涅狄格州纽黑文市耶鲁大学（Yale University）的克里斯塔基斯（Christakis）说。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">从那时起，几篇出版物</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR4" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">4</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">,</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR5" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">5</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">,</span><a href="file://xn--2-471bx41aba436x/#ref-CR6" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">6</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">表明</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00118-w" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">社交互动塑造了肠道微生物组</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">。克里斯塔基斯和他的同事们前往洪都拉斯的丛林，为这些新兴文学作品添砖加瓦。在那里，他们绘制了社会关系并分析了生活在</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">18 个孤立村庄的人们的微生物组，这些村庄的互动主要是面对面的，人们很少接触加工食品和</span></span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01566-8" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #006699;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">抗生素，这可能会改变微生物组的组成</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #222222;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 19px">。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">“这是一项艰巨的任务，”Christakis 说，因为该团队必须在偏远地区设立工厂，然后将样本运回美国进行处理。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">研究人员发现，</span><strong><span style="font-family: 方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height: 200%;color: #0000FF;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">配偶和住在同一所房子里的人分担了他们肠道中高达</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">13.9% 的微生物菌株，但即使是不共用一个屋檐但习惯性地一起度过空闲时间的人也分担了 10%。</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">相比之下，住在同一个村庄但不倾向于花时间在一起的人只占</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">4%。还有传播链的证据——朋友的朋友分享的毒株比偶然预期的要多。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">西班牙巴塞罗那庞培法布拉大学的微生物学家</span> <span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">Mireia Valles-Colomer 说，这些结果增加了科学家对微生物组形状的理解，部分原因是该团队研究了肠道微生物的亚种，他没有参与这项工作。社会接触可能偶然共享相同的微生物种类，但除非他们相互传播了相同的菌株，否则他们共享相同菌株的可能性要小得多。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">重新思考传播性</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">像这样的研究</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">“正在彻底改变我们的思维方式”，因为它表明与微生物组相关的疾病的风险因素，例如高血压7和抑郁症，可以通过他们的微生物组在人与人之间传播，意大利特伦托大学的计算生物学家 Nicola Segata 说。Segata 没有参与目前的工作，但他过去曾与 Valles-Colomer 和 Christakis 的团队成员合作进行过类似的研究。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px">Valles-Collomer 说，在难以治疗的抑郁症的情况下，将现有疗法与微生物组靶向治疗相结合可能会改善护理。</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%"><span style=";font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312;line-height:200%;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">但人们不应该因为害怕</span><span style="font-family:方正仿宋_GB2312">“感染”他人的微生物组而避免社交互动。社交互动可以传播健康微生物组的成分，并具有无数其他好处。Valles-Colomer 说：“密切接触对我们来说还不错。相反——他们是有益的！</span></span></p><p><br/></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自孙学军科学网博客。<br />链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1460993.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-41174-1460993.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇：<a href='blog-41174-1458588.html' 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