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<span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_and_criticism_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_and_criticism_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversy and criticism of the term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_and_criticism_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Similar terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87" title="يهودي كاره لنفسه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يهودي كاره لنفسه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96z%C3%BCn%C9%99_nifr%C9%99t_ed%C9%99n_y%C9%99hudi" title="Özünə nifrət edən yəhudi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Özünə nifrət edən yəhudi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Самомразещи се евреи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самомразещи се евреи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebenen%C3%A1vid%C4%9Bj%C3%ADc%C3%AD_%C5%BDid" title="Sebenenávidějící Žid – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sebenenávidějící Žid" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCdischer_Selbsthass" title="Jüdischer Selbsthass – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jüdischer Selbsthass" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoodio_jud%C3%ADo" title="Autoodio judío – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autoodio judío" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem-malama_judo" title="Mem-malama judo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mem-malama judo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haine_de_soi_juive" title="Haine de soi juive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haine de soi juive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samomrze%C4%87i_%C5%BDidov" title="Samomrzeći Židov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samomrzeći Židov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi_pembenci_diri" title="Yahudi pembenci diri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yahudi pembenci diri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreo_che_odia_s%C3%A9_stesso" title="Ebreo che odia sé stesso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ebreo che odia sé stesso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אוטואנטישמיות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטואנטישמיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joodse_zelfhaat" title="Joodse zelfhaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joodse zelfhaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خود منافرتی یہودی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خود منافرتی یہودی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeu_auto-odioso" title="Judeu auto-odioso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judeu auto-odioso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Еврейская самоненависть – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврейская самоненависть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Self-hating Jew" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Самомрзећи Јеврејин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самомрзећи Јеврејин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samomrze%C4%87i_Jevrej" title="Samomrzeći Jevrej – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Samomrzeći Jevrej" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A4lvhatande_jude" title="Självhatande jude – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Självhatande jude" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خود منافرتی یہودی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خود منافرتی یہودی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1508980#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Der_j%C3%BCdische_Selbstha%C3%9F_-_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="304" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Cover of one edition of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lessing" title="Theodor Lessing">Theodor Lessing</a>'s 1930 book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der jüdische Selbsthass</i></span> </figcaption></figure> <p>The terms "<b>self-hating Jew</b>", "<b>self-loathing Jew</b>", and "<b>auto-antisemite</b>" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אוטואנטישמי</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">oto'antishémi</i></span>, feminine: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אוטואנטישמית</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">oto'antishémit</i></span>) are pejorative terms used to describe <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> people whose viewpoints, especially favoring <a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Jewish assimilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Jewish secularism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limousine_liberal" title="Limousine liberal">limousine liberalism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">anti-Judaism</a> are perceived as reflecting <a href="/wiki/Self-hatred" title="Self-hatred">self-hatred</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recognition of the concept gained widespread currency after German-Jewish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lessing" title="Theodor Lessing">Theodor Lessing</a> published his 1930 book <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der jüdische Selbsthaß</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Jewish Self-Hatred</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), which sought to explain a perceived inclination among secular Jewish intellectuals towards inciting antisemitism by denouncing <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. More recently, this spotlight on antisemitism motivated by self-hatred within the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> is said to have become "something of a key term of <a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">opprobrium</a> in and beyond <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>–era debates about <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>" in light of how some Jews may despise their entire identity due to their perception of the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descriptions_of_the_concept">Descriptions of the concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Descriptions of the concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Descriptions_of_the_phenomenon"></span> The expression "self-hating Jew" is often used <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetorically</a>, meaning towards Jews who differ in their lifestyles, interests or political positions from the speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Usage of <a href="/wiki/Self-hatred" title="Self-hatred">self-hatred</a> can also designate dislike, or hatred, of a group to which one belongs. The term has a long history in debates over the role of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_identity" title="Jewish identity">Jewish identity</a>, where it is used against Jewish <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Israeli_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of the Israeli government">critics of Israeli government policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_H._Rosenfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvin H. Rosenfeld">Alvin H. Rosenfeld</a>, an academic author who does not use the term "self-hatred", dismisses such arguments as disingenuous, referring to them as "the ubiquitous rubric 'criticism of Israel,'" stating that "vigorous discussion of Israeli policy and actions is not in question."<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz" title="Alan Dershowitz">Alan Dershowitz</a> limits the term "self-hatred" to specific <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Haredi_Judaism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionists</a> who "despise anything Jewish, ranging from their religion to the Jewish state", saying it does not apply to all "Israel-bashers."<sup id="cite_ref-Dershowitz_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dershowitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The academic historian <a href="/wiki/Jerold_Auerbach" title="Jerold Auerbach">Jerold Auerbach</a> uses the term Jewish self-loathing to characterize "Jews who perversely seek to bolster their Jewish credentials by defaming Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Auerbach_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auerbach-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The cultural historian <a href="/wiki/Sander_Gilman" title="Sander Gilman">Sander Gilman</a> has written, "One of the most recent forms of Jewish self-hatred is the virulent opposition to the existence of the State of Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Gilman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He uses the term not against those who oppose Israel's policy, but against Jews who are opposed to Israel's existence.</li> <li>The concept of Jewish self-hatred has been described by <a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a> as "an entirely bogus concept",<sup id="cite_ref-lermanhaa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lermanhaa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one that "serves no other purpose than to marginalise and demonise political opponents",<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who says that it is used increasingly as a personal attack in discussions about the "<a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">new antisemitism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ben Cohen criticizes Lerman, saying no "actual evidence is introduced to support any of this."<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lerman himself recognizes the controversy over whether extreme vilification of Israel amounts to antisemitism, and says that antisemitism can be disguised as <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lermanhaa_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lermanhaa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-debates_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debates-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also a concern of Rosenfeld and Gilman as mentioned above.</li> <li>The sociologist <a href="/wiki/Irving_Louis_Horowitz" title="Irving Louis Horowitz">Irving Louis Horowitz</a> reserves the term for Jews who pose a danger to the Jewish community, using "Jewish self-hater" to describe the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Court_Jew" title="Court Jew">court Jew</a>", "who validates the slander (against Jews) as he attempts to curry the favor of masters and rulers."<sup id="cite_ref-Horowitz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The historian <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Wasserstein" title="Bernard Wasserstein">Bernard Wasserstein</a> prefers the term "Jewish anti-Semitism," which he says was often termed "Jewish self-hatred".<sup id="cite_ref-Wasserstein_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasserstein-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asks, "Could a Jew be an anti-Semite?", and responds that many Jews have "internalized elements of anti-Semitic discourse, succumbed to what Theodore Hamerow has called psychological surrender."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="Is this a slander against BW's PoV? An editor's wild-eyed commentary? (June 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> Wasserstein goes on to say that self-hating Jews, "afflicted by some form of anti-Semitism[,] were not so much haters of themselves as haters of 'other' Jews."</li> <li>The historian <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Bernard Lewis</a> described Jewish self-hatred as a neurotic reaction to the impact of anti-semitism by Jews accepting, expressing, and even exaggerating, the basic assumptions of the antisemite.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Abrahamic_religion">In Abrahamic religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Abrahamic religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Ronald Hendel, the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, who were progenitors of the Jews, frequently repudiated their <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> heritage by describing their ancestral traditions as "foreign" and "dangerous". Philippe Bohstrom believes <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, the ancestor of Israel, was an <a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorite</a> but this was later obfuscated by Biblical authors, who adopted <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> prejudices towards Amorites.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gili Kluger argues that the biblical narratives about <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a> reflect self-hatred among Israelites, where they see Amalek as their "unwelcome brother", "rejected son" and a nation that possessed the inherent vices of Israel. Israelites believed that Amalek descended from <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>, who was the twin brother of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>/Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, which is central to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the letters of <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Apostle Paul</a> are described by some scholars as 'indiscriminate anti-Jewish polemic' that mirrors Graeco-Roman pagan attitudes to the Jews,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite Paul's Jewish background. Others argue that the letters resonate with Old Testament themes. <sup id="cite_ref-Downey_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downey-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_German">In German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of terms such as "Jewish self-hatred" lie in the mid-19th century feuding between German <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a> seminary and <a href="/wiki/Reform_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Jews">Reform Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each side accused the other of betraying <a href="/wiki/Jewish_identity" title="Jewish identity">Jewish identity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Orthodox Jews accusing the Reform Jews of identifying more closely with German <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalism</a> than with Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Amos_Elon" title="Amos Elon">Amos Elon</a>, during 19th-century German-Jewish assimilation, conflicting pressures on sensitive and privileged or gifted young Jews produced "a reaction later known as 'Jewish self-hatred.' Its roots were not simply professional or political but emotional."<sup id="cite_ref-Elon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elon uses the term "Jewish self-hatred" synonymously with Jewish antisemitism when he points out, "One of the most prominent Austrian anti-Semites was <a href="/wiki/Otto_Weininger" title="Otto Weininger">Otto Weininger</a>, a brilliant young Jew who published '<a href="/wiki/Sex_and_Character" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and Character">Sex and Character</a>', attacking Jews and women." Elon attributes Jewish antisemitism as a cause in the overall growth of antisemitism when he says,"(Weininger's) book inspired the typical Viennese adage that anti-Semitism did not really get serious until it was taken up by Jews." </p><p>According to John P. Jackson Jr., the concept developed in the late 19th century in <a href="/wiki/German_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jewish">German Jewish</a> discourse as "a response of <a href="/wiki/German_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jews">German Jews</a> to popular anti-Semitism that primarily was directed at <a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern European Jews">Eastern European Jews</a>." For German Jews, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> Jew became the "bad Jew".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sander Gilman, the concept of the "self-hating Jew" developed from a merger of the image of the "mad Jew" and the "self-critical Jew",<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was developed to counter suggestions that an alleged Jewish stereotype of mental illness was due to inbreeding. "Within the logic of the concept, those who accuse others of being self-hating Jews may themselves be self-hating Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gilman says "the ubiquitousness of self-hatred cannot be denied. And it has shaped the self-awareness of those treated as different perhaps more than they themselves have been aware."<sup id="cite_ref-Gilman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </p><p>The specific terms "self-hating Jew" and "Jewish self-hatred" only came into use later, developing from <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>'s polemical use of the term "anti-Semite of Jewish origin", in the context of his project of political Zionism.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underlying concept gained common currency in this context, "since Zionism was an important part of the vigorous debates that were occurring amongst Jews at the time about anti-Semitism, assimilation and Jewish identity."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herzl appears to have introduced the phrase "anti-Semite of Jewish origin" in his 1896 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Judenstaat" title="Der Judenstaat">Der Judenstaat</a></i> (The Jews' State), which launched political Zionism.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was referring to "philanthropic Zionists", assimilated Jews who might wish to remain in their home countries while at the same time encouraging the Jewish proletariat (particularly the poorer Eastern Jews) to emigrate; yet did not support Herzl's political project for a Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, Herzl was soon complaining that his "polemical term"<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was often being applied to him, for example by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)" title="Karl Kraus (writer)">Karl Kraus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Assimilationists and anti-Zionists accused Zionists of being self-haters, for promoting the idea of the strong Jew using rhetoric close to that of the Anti-Semites; Zionists accused their opponents of being self-haters, for promoting the image of the Jew that would perpetuate his inferior position in the modern world."<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Austrian-Jewish journalist <a href="/wiki/Anton_Kuh" title="Anton Kuh">Anton Kuh</a> argued in a 1921 book <i>Juden und Deutsche (Jews and Germans)</i> that the concept of "Jewish anti-semitism" was unhelpful, and should be replaced with the term "Jewish self-hatred", but it was not until the 1930 publication of the German-Jewish anti-Nazi philosopher <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lessing" title="Theodor Lessing">Theodor Lessing</a>'s book <i>Der Jüdische Selbsthass</i> (Jewish Self-hatred) that the term gained widespread currency.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessing's book "supposedly charts Lessing's journey from Jewish self-hater to Zionist."<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it he analyses the writings of Jews such as Otto Weininger and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Trebitsch" title="Arthur Trebitsch">Arthur Trebitsch</a> who expressed hatred for their own Judaism. Lessing was assassinated by Nazi agents shortly after <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> came to power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_English">In English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In English the first major discussion of the topic was in the 1940s by <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a>, who was Lessing's colleague at the University of Berlin in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-reitter08_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewin emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1933, and though focused on Jews also argued for a similar phenomenon among Polish, Italian and Greek immigrants to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewin's was a theoretical account, declaring that the issue "is well known among Jews themselves" and supporting his argument with anecdotes.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Lewin, a self-hating Jew "will dislike everything specifically Jewish, for he will see in it that which keeps him away from the majority for which he is longing. He will show dislike for those Jews who are outspokenly so, and will frequently indulge in self-hatred."<sup id="cite_ref-Lewin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Lewin's lead, the concept gained widespread currency. "The 1940s and 1950s were 'the age of self-hatred'. In effect, a bitter war broke out over questions of Jewish identity. It was a kind of 'Jewish Cold War'..."<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which questions of Jewish identity were contentiously debated. The use of the concept in debates over Jewish identity – for example over resistance to the integration of African Americans into Jewish neighbourhoods – died down by the end of the 1970s, having been "steadily emptied of most of its earlier psychological, social, and theoretical content and became largely a slogan."<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term was used in a derogatory way during the 1940s by "'militant' Zionists",<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the 1963 publication of <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Eichmann_in_Jerusalem" title="Eichmann in Jerusalem">Eichmann in Jerusalem</a></i> opened a new chapter. Her criticism of the trial as a "<a href="/wiki/Show_trial" title="Show trial">show trial</a>" provoked heated public debate, including accusations of self-hatred, and over-shadowed her earlier work criticising German Jewish <i><a href="/wiki/Parvenu" title="Parvenu">parvenu</a></i> assimilationism.<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following years, after the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> and 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, "willingness to give moral and financial 'support' to Israel constituted what one historian called 'the existential definition of American Jewishness'."<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "This meant that the opposite was also true: criticism of Israel came to constitute the existential definition of 'Jewish self-hatred'."<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is dismissed by Rosenfeld saying it "masquerades as victimization" and "can hardly be expected to be taken seriously" since criticism of Israel "proceeds across all the media in this country and within Israel itself."<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Commentary Magazine">Commentary</a></i>, the Jewish journal which had once been "considered the venue of self-hating Jews with questionable commitments to the Zionist project",<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> came under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Norman Podhoretz</a> to staunchly support Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2006 essay "<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Jewish_Thought_and_the_New_Anti-Semitism" title="Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism">Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism</a>", <a href="/wiki/Alvin_H._Rosenfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvin H. Rosenfeld">Alvin H. Rosenfeld</a> takes "a hard look at Jewish authors" whose statements go well beyond "legitimate criticism of Israel," and considers rhetoric that calls into question Israel's "right to continued existence" to be antisemitic. The use of the concept of self-hatred in Jewish debates about Israel has grown more frequent and more intense in the US and the UK, with the issue particularly widely debated in 2007, leading to the creation of the British <a href="/wiki/Independent_Jewish_Voices" title="Independent Jewish Voices">Independent Jewish Voices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lerman_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a> reported that the group was formed by "about 130 generally leftist Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-Rebecca_Spence_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebecca_Spence-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the Rosenfeld essay, which did not use the term Jewish self-hatred, that led to the 2007 debate. Critics claimed the charge of antisemitism implied Jewish self-hatred to those criticizing Israel. Rosenfeld responded that such claims were "disingenuous" and for some a "dialectical scam validating themselves as intellectual martyrs."<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York Times reported that the essay spotlighted the issue of when "legitimate criticism of Israel ends and antisemitic statements begin."<sup id="cite_ref-Patricia_Cohen_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patricia_Cohen-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_and_psychological_explanations">Social and psychological explanations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social and psychological explanations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The issue has periodically been covered in the academic <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychology</a> literature on <a href="/wiki/Social_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social identity">social identity</a>. Such studies "frequently cite Lewin as evidence that people may attempt to distance themselves from membership in devalued groups because they accept, to some degree, the negative evaluations of their group held by the majority and because these social identities are an obstacle to the pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern social psychology literature uses terms such as "self-stigmatization", "<a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">internalized oppression</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/False_consciousness" title="False consciousness">false consciousness</a>" to describe this type of phenomenon. Author <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Chesler" title="Phyllis Chesler">Phyllis Chesler</a>, a professor of psychology and women's studies, in referring to female Jewish self-hatred, points to progressive Jewish women who "seem obsessed with the Palestinian point of view." She believes their rage against oppression, frustration and patriarchy "is being unconsciously transferred onto Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Chesler_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chesler-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Levin" title="Kenneth Levin">Kenneth Levin</a>, a Harvard psychiatrist, says that Jewish self-hatred has two causes: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_syndrome" title="Stockholm syndrome">Stockholm syndrome</a>, where "population segments under chronic siege commonly embrace the indictments of their besiegers however bigoted and outrageous", as well as "the <a href="/wiki/Psychodynamics" title="Psychodynamics">psychodynamics</a> of abused children, who almost invariably blame themselves for their predicament, ascribe it to their being bad, and nurture fantasies that by becoming good they can mollify their abusers and end their torment."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Polsky" title="Howard W. Polsky">Howard W. Polsky</a>, the social scientist, "feelings about Jewish marginality are often a step away from self-hatred." He then says, "Jewish self-hatred denotes that a person has adopted gentiles' definition of Jew as bad in one way or another and that being Jewish will hinder their success or identity."<sup id="cite_ref-Polsky_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polsky-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is argued by some academics that the concept of Jewish self-hatred is based on an essentialisation of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_identity" title="Jewish identity">Jewish identity</a>. Accounts of Jewish self-hatred often suggest that criticizing other Jews, and integrating with Gentile society, reveals hatred of one's own Jewish origins.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet both in the early twentieth century, where the concept developed, and today, there are groups of Jews who had "important differences in identity based on class, culture, religious outlook, and education", and hostility between these groups can only be considered self-hate "if one assumes that a superordinate Jewish identity should take precedence over other groupings of Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet such hostility between groups has at times drawn on some of the rhetoric of antisemitism: "criticism of subgroups of Jews which drew on anti-Semitic rhetoric were common in 19th and 20th century arguments over Jewish identity".<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, according to one academic, whilst there have been Jewish writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who consistently employed virulent antisemitic rhetoric without seeming to value any aspects of being a Jew, too often "those who accuse others of being self-haters search for examples of when they have criticized Jews or Judaism but ignore examples of when those they criticize have shown they value being a Jew."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argues that Jewish antisemitism does not necessarily amount to self-hatred, implying that "antisemitic Jew" may be a more accurate term to use. Other authors have also shown a preference for using "antisemitism" rather than "self-hatred."<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wasserstein_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasserstein-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is in use in Jewish publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Week">The Jewish Week</a></i> (New York) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i> (Jerusalem) in a number of contexts, often synonymously with antisemitic Jew. It is used "to criticize a performer or artist who portrays Jews negatively; as a shorthand description of supposed psychological conflict in fictional characters; in articles about the erosion of tradition (e.g. marrying out and circumcision); and to discount Jews who criticize Israeli policies or particular Jewish practices."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the widest usage of the term is currently in relation to debates over Israel. "In these debates the accusation is used by right-wing Zionists to assert that Zionism and/or support for Israel is a core element of Jewish identity. Jewish criticism of Israeli policy is therefore considered a turning away from Jewish identity itself."<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus some of those who have been accused of being a "self-hating Jew" have characterized the term as a replacement for "a charge of anti-Semitism [that] will not stick,"<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as "pathologizing" them.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marqusee_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marqusee-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some who use the term have equated it with "anti-Semitism",<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the part of those thus addressed, or with "so called 'enlightened' Jews who refuse to associate themselves with people who practice a 'backward' religion."<sup id="cite_ref-brackman_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brackman-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One novelist, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a>, who — because of the nature of the Jewish characters in his novels, such as the 1969 <i><a href="/wiki/Portnoy%27s_Complaint" title="Portnoy's Complaint">Portnoy's Complaint</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-glenn_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — has often been accused of being a "self-hating Jew", argues that all novels deal with human dilemmas and weaknesses (which are present in all communities), and that to self-censor by only writing about positive Jewish characters would represent a submission to antisemitism.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli-born British Jazz saxophonist, writer and Hebrew speaking anti-Semite of Jewish descent <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Atzmon" title="Gilad Atzmon">Gilad Atzmon</a> openly used the term to describe himself in a 2010 interview for the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mail" title="Cyprus Mail">Cyprus Mail</a>. In that interview, Atzmon calls himself a "proud self-hating Jew" and also described fellow Jewish anti-Semite, the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Otto_Weininger" title="Otto Weininger">Otto Weininger</a> as one as well. At the same time, Atzmon stated that he considers a "self-hating Jew" as very different to a "proud self-hating Jew", considering "proud self-hating Jews" such as himself and Weininger as celebrating the hatred they feel for themselves, the Jewish people, Judaism, Israel and anything else they associate with Jewishness.<sup id="cite_ref-Panayides2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panayides2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atzmon has taken several positions on history and politics associated with anti-Semitism including but not limited to, endorsing on his blog the conspiracy theory that "the Jewish people" are trying to take over the world<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though he later amended the original blog post<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to replace "the Jewish people" with "Zionists"<sup id="cite_ref-Elgot_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elgot-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">blaming the entire Jewish people for</a> <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">killing</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (including those not even born at the time),<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accusing Gideon Falter (the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a>) of faking anti-Semitic incidents for profit (Falter then sued Atzmon for libel which Atzmon lost and was left with expensive legal costs<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and promoting the conspiracy theory of <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>, even publicly advising people to read Holocaust denying books by <a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> (SPLC)'s official blog <i>Hatewatch</i> written by <a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a> noted that Atzmon was "a self-described 'self-hating ex-Jew' whose writings and pronouncements are rich in conspiracy theories, <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Holocaust trivialization</a> and distortion, and open support of anti-Israeli terrorist groups."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_and_criticism_of_the_term">Controversy and criticism of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversy and criticism of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">Weaponization of antisemitism</a></div> <p>The legitimacy of the term in modern usage remains <a href="/wiki/Controversial" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversial">controversial</a>. According to the transdenominational Jewish platform <i>My Jewish Learning</i>: "Some scholars have claimed that by labeling another Jew self-hating, the accuser is claiming his or her own Judaism as <a href="/wiki/Normative" class="mw-redirect" title="Normative">normative</a>–and implying that the Judaism of the accused is flawed or incorrect, based on a metric of the accuser's own stances, religious beliefs, or political opinions. By arguing with the label, then, the accused is rejecting what has been defined as normative Judaism. The term 'self-hating' thus places the person or object labeled outside the boundaries of the discourse–and outside the boundaries of the community."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i> writes that the term is almost exclusively used today by the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish right">Jewish right</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a>, and that within left-wing and liberal circles it is "usually considered a joke".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Forer, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>, rejects the legitimacy of the term as it is commonly used, calling them so divisive that they make tolerance and cooperation impossible, eradicating the possibility for genuine understanding. Forer writes: "The notion that any Jew who is dedicated to justice for all people harbors self-hatred defies common sense. Given the self-esteem it takes to stand for justice amidst fierce denunciation, a more accurate assessment is that these are self-loving Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a>, former host of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a></i>, was repeatedly called a "self-hating Jew" by people whom he described as "<a href="/wiki/Fascistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascistic">fascistic</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considering the term to be like equating someone with the Jews who turned their backs on each other during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>, he said, "I have people that I lost in the Holocaust and I just … go fuck yourself. How dare you?" Stewart commented that the way his critics used the term—to define <a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">who is a Jew and who is not</a>—was formerly always done by people who were not Jewish. He saw this as "more than <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>". Stewart also criticized right-wing Jews for implying that they are the only ones who can decide what it means to be Jewish. He observed: "And you can't observe <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> in the way you want to observe. And I never thought that that would be coming from brethren. ... How dare they? That they only know the word of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> and are the ones who are able to disseminate it. It's not right."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>, he said, "Look, there's a lot of reasons why I hate myself—being Jewish isn't one of them."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> said that Zionists divided critics of Israeli policy into two groups: antisemitic non-Jews and neurotic self-hating Jews. He observed: </p> <blockquote><p>Actually, the <i>locus classicus</i>, the best formulation of this, was by an ambassador to the United Nations, <a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Abba Eban</a>, Israel's ambassador to the United Nations.... He advised the American Jewish community that they had two tasks to perform. One task was to show that criticism of the policy, what he called anti-Zionism—that means actually criticisms of the policy of the state of Israel—were anti-Semitism. That's the first task. Second task, if the criticism was made by Jews, their task was to show that it's neurotic self-hatred, needs psychiatric treatment. Then he gave two examples of the latter category. One was <a href="/wiki/I._F._Stone" title="I. F. Stone">I. F. Stone</a>. The other was me. So, we have to be treated for our psychiatric disorders, and non-Jews have to be condemned for anti-Semitism, if they're critical of the state of Israel. That's understandable why Israeli propaganda would take this position. I don't particularly blame Abba Eban for doing what ambassadors are sometimes supposed to do. But we ought to understand that there is no sensible charge. No sensible charge. There's nothing to respond to. It's not a form of anti-Semitism. It's simply criticism of the criminal actions of a state, period.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_terms">Similar terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Similar terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Self-loathing Jew" is synonymously used with "self-hating Jew." "Antisemitic Jew" can be used synonymously as well. "Self-hating Jew" has also been compared to the term "<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom" title="Uncle Tom">Uncle Tom</a>" which is used in the <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "auto-antisemitism" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אוטואנטישמיות</span>, <i>autoantishemiut</i>) is also synonymously used in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hendelsaltz_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendelsaltz-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dahan1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dahan1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dahan2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dahan2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a column in <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, Uzi Zilber used the term "Jew Flu" as a synonym for Jewish self-hatred.<sup id="cite_ref-HtzFlu_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HtzFlu-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Semite_and_Jew" title="Anti-Semite and Jew">Anti-Semite and Jew</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapo" title="Kapo">Kapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_guilt" title="White guilt">White guilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_racism" title="Internalized racism">Internalized racism</a> – Adherence to racist beliefs and customs by subordinated groups</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_German_National_Jews" title="Association of German National Jews">Association of German National Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Burros" title="Dan Burros">Dan Burros</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gilman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gilman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGilman1986" class="citation book cs1">Gilman, Sander (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishselfhatred0000gilm"><i>Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801840630" title="Special:BookSources/9780801840630"><bdi>9780801840630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Self-Hatred%3A+Anti-Semitism+and+the+Hidden+Language+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780801840630&rft.aulast=Gilman&rft.aufirst=Sander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishselfhatred0000gilm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reitter08-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitter08_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Reitter (2008), "Zionism and the Rhetoric of Jewish Self-Hatred", <i>The Germanic Review</i> 83(4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finlay-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. M. L. Finlay, "Pathologizing Dissent: Identity Politics, Zionism and the 'Self-Hating Jew'", <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Social_Psychology" title="British Journal of Social Psychology">British Journal of Social Psychology</a></i>, Vol. 44 No. 2, June 2005, pp. 201-222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenfeld-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alvin H. Rosenfeld, "Rhetorical Violence and the Jews", The New Republic, February 27, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dershowitz-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dershowitz_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Dershowitz, "The Case for Israel", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004, pg. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auerbach-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Auerbach_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerald Auerbach, "Jews Against Themselves by Edward Alexander (Review)", the Algemeiner, August 17, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lermanhaa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lermanhaa_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lermanhaa_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Lerman" title="Antony Lerman">Antony Lerman</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1020490.html">Jews attacking Jews</a>", <i>Ha'aretz</i>, 12 September 2008, accessed 13 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lerman-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lerman_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antony Lerman, <i>Jewish Quarterly</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726203032/http://www.jewishquarterly.org/issuearchive/article2366.html?articleid=432">"Jewish Self-Hatred: Myth or Reality?"</a>, Summer 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anthony Lerman Plays Politics with Antisemitism", The Propagandist, September 12, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-debates-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-debates_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism: Ben Cohen Debates Antony Lerman", The Propagandist, June 18, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horowitz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving Louis Horowitz, "New Trends and Old Hatreds," Springer New York<i> <a href="/wiki/Society_(journal)" title="Society (journal)">Society (journal)</a></i>, Vol. 43 No.1, November 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0147-2011">0147-2011</a> (Print) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1936-4725">1936-4725</a> (Online).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wasserstein-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wasserstein_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wasserstein_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Wasserstein, "On the Eve," Simon and Schuster 2012, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Lewis, "Semites and Anti-Semites," W. W. Norton & Company 1999, pp. 255-256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendel2005" class="citation book cs1">Hendel, Ronald (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/10720/chapter/158788296?login=true#313433798"><i>Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199784622" title="Special:BookSources/9780199784622"><bdi>9780199784622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Abraham%3A+Culture%2C+Memory%2C+and+History+in+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pages=3-30&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780199784622&rft.aulast=Hendel&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F10720%2Fchapter%2F158788296%3Flogin%3Dtrue%23313433798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohstrom2017" class="citation web cs1">Bohstrom, Philippe (February 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126122013/https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2017-02-06/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-legend-of-the-amorites/0000017f-e3b2-d9aa-afff-fbfa042f0000">"Peoples of the Bible: The Legend of the Amorites"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2017-02-06/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-legend-of-the-amorites/0000017f-e3b2-d9aa-afff-fbfa042f0000">the original</a> on January 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Peoples+of+the+Bible%3A+The+Legend+of+the+Amorites&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft.aulast=Bohstrom&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Farchaeology%2F2017-02-06%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fthe-legend-of-the-amorites%2F0000017f-e3b2-d9aa-afff-fbfa042f0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugler2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kugler, Gili (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2020.1827781">"Metaphysical Hatred and Sacred Genocide: The Questionable Role of Amalek in Biblical Literature"</a>. <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2020.1827781">10.1080/14623528.2020.1827781</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228959516">228959516</a> – via Taylor & Francis Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Metaphysical+Hatred+and+Sacred+Genocide%3A+The+Questionable+Role+of+Amalek+in+Biblical+Literature&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2020.1827781&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A228959516%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kugler&rft.aufirst=Gili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2020.1827781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Luckensmeyer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KuT2qkhtGEC&pg=PA167">pp.167-171</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Downey-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Downey_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy Karen Downey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15VMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>Paul's Conundrum: Reconciling 1 Thessalonians 2:13-16 and Romans 9:1-5 in Light of His Calling and His Heritage,</i></a> Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2011 pp.61ff,66-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elon-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elon_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amos Elon,"The Pity of It All : a History of Jews in Germany, 1743-1933," Metropolitan Books 2002, pp. 231-237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonJackson,_John_P2001" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, John P Jr; Jackson, John P (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socials_jac_2001_00_8358"><i>Social Scientists for Social Justice: Making the Case Against Segregation</i></a></span>. NYU Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socials_jac_2001_00_8358/page/121">121</a>–122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4266-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4266-2"><bdi>978-0-8147-4266-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-14</span></span>. <q>Social Scientists for Social Justice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Scientists+for+Social+Justice%3A+Making+the+Case+Against+Segregation&rft.pages=121-122&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-4266-2&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=John+P+Jr&rft.au=Jackson%2C+John+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocials_jac_2001_00_8358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilman 1986, as described by Finlay (2005:208). Gilman, S. (1986). <i>Jewish self-hatred: Anti-Semitism and the hidden language of the Jews.</i> Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewin-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewin_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurt Lewin,<i>Resolving Social Conflicts and Field Theory in Social Science</i>, New York: Harper, 1948, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glenn-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-glenn_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glenn, Susan A. (2006), "The Vogue of Jewish Self-Hatred in Post-World War II America", <i>Jewish Social Studies</i>, Volume 12, Number 3, Spring/Summer 2006 (New Series), pp. 95-136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebecca_Spence-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rebecca_Spence_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Spence, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/10046/left-wing-critics-of-israel-launch-blog-to-combat/">Left-wing Critics of Israel Launch Blog to Combat Alleged Intimidation</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a></i>, Feb.9, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patricia_Cohen-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patricia_Cohen_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Cohen, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/arts/31jews.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Essay Linking Liberal Jews and Anti-Semitism Sparks a Furor</a>". New York Times, Jan. 31, 2007,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chesler-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chesler_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phyllis Chesler, "The New Anti-Semitism," Josse-Bass Wiley Imprint 2005, pp. 187–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Levin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/phas/phas-046-levin.htm">"The Psychology of Populations under Chronic Siege"</a>, <i>Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism</i>, No. 46 2 July 2006, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>. Accessed Feb 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polsky-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Polsky_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard W. Polsky, "How I am a Jew, Adventures into my Jewish-American Identity," University Press of America 2002, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2009" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Martin (2009-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203190825/http://gisborneherald.co.nz/html/Articles/ArticlesPrint.aspx?id=8879">"No choice but to speak out – Israeli musician 'a proud self-hating Jew'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Gisborne Herald</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gisborneherald.co.nz/html/Articles/ArticlesPrint.aspx?id=8879">the original</a> on February 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gisborne+Herald&rft.atitle=No+choice+but+to+speak+out+%E2%80%93+Israeli+musician+%27a+proud+self-hating+Jew%27&rft.date=2009-01-23&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisborneherald.co.nz%2Fhtml%2FArticles%2FArticlesPrint.aspx%3Fid%3D8879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marqusee-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marqusee_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarqusee2008" class="citation news cs1">Marqusee, Mike (4 Mar 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/04/israelandthepalestinians.bookextracts">"The first time I was called a self-hating Jew"</a>. <i>extract from If I Am Not for Myself: Journey of an Anti-Zionist Jew</i>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=extract+from+If+I+Am+Not+for+Myself%3A+Journey+of+an+Anti-Zionist+Jew&rft.atitle=The+first+time+I+was+called+a+self-hating+Jew&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft.aulast=Marqusee&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fmar%2F04%2Fisraelandthepalestinians.bookextracts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Huffington Post</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-forer/self-hating-jew-a-strategy-to-hide-from-self-reflection_b_1735006.html">The Self-Hating Jew: A Strategy to Hide From Self-Reflection.</a> August 10, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jewish Quarterly</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishquarterly.org/issuearchive/article2366.html?articleid=432">Jewish Self-Hatred : Myth or Reality ?</a> Summer 2008, Number 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brackman-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brackman_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackman2006" class="citation web cs1">Brackman, Rabbi Levi (September 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3298371,00.html">"Confronting the self hating Jew"</a>. <i>Israel Jewish Scene</i>. ynetnews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Jewish+Scene&rft.atitle=Confronting+the+self+hating+Jew&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.aulast=Brackman&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Levi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3298371%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Panayides2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Panayides2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theo Panayides, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223072804/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/living/wandering-jazz-player/20100221">'Wandering jazz player,'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mail" title="Cyprus Mail">Cyprus Mail</a>, 21 February 2010: "My ethical duty is to say the things that I know and feel. I'm an artist. Do you know.. this is something I learned from Otto Weininger, the Austrian philosopher. He was a clever boy, killed himself when he was 21. ..He was definitely a proud self-hating Jew! I'm not a self-hating Jew: I'm a proud self-hating Jew! It's a big difference… I celebrate my hatred towards everything I represent – or better to say [everything] I'm associated with".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChait2011" class="citation news cs1">Chait, Jonathan (26 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2011/09/john_mearsheimer_ready_for_ros.html">"John Mearsheimer Ready for Rosh Hashanah in Style"</a>. New York Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Mearsheimer+Ready+for+Rosh+Hashanah+in+Style&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.aulast=Chait&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2011%2F09%2Fjohn_mearsheimer_ready_for_ros.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinebergSamuelsWeitzman2007" class="citation book cs1">Fineberg, Michael; Samuels, Shimon; Weitzman, Mark (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D8FtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22the+Jewish+people+are+trying+to+control+the+world%22"><i>Antisemitism: The Generic Hatred: Essays in Memory of Simon Wiesenthal</i></a>. Vallentine Mitchell. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-745-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-745-3"><bdi>978-0-85303-745-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism%3A+The+Generic+Hatred%3A+Essays+in+Memory+of+Simon+Wiesenthal&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Vallentine+Mitchell&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-85303-745-3&rft.aulast=Fineberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Samuels%2C+Shimon&rft.au=Weitzman%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD8FtAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2BJewish%2Bpeople%2Bare%2Btrying%2Bto%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2Bworld%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjdLAAAAYAAJ&q=%22the+Jewish+people+are+trying+to+control+the+world%22"><i>Jazz Times, Volume 35, Issues 6-10</i></a>. Jazz Times. 2005. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+Times%2C+Volume+35%2C+Issues+6-10&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Jazz+Times&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTjdLAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2BJewish%2Bpeople%2Bare%2Btrying%2Bto%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2Bworld%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandy2011" class="citation book cs1">Landy, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NRxjDgAAQBAJ&q=%22the+accusation+that+the+Jewish+people+are+trying+to+control+the+world%22&pg=PT125"><i>Jewish Identity and Palestinian Rights: Diaspora Jewish Opposition to Israel</i></a>. Zed Books. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84813-929-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84813-929-9"><bdi>978-1-84813-929-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Identity+and+Palestinian+Rights%3A+Diaspora+Jewish+Opposition+to+Israel&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84813-929-9&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNRxjDgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2Baccusation%2Bthat%2Bthe%2BJewish%2Bpeople%2Bare%2Btrying%2Bto%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2Bworld%2522%26pg%3DPT125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elgot-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elgot_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElgot2022" class="citation news cs1">Elgot, Jessica (9 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/dec/21/labour-mp-chris-williamson-apologises-for-backing-jazz-musician-gilad-atzmon">"Labour MP apologises for backing 'antisemitic' jazz musician"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+MP+apologises+for+backing+%27antisemitic%27+jazz+musician&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.aulast=Elgot&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fdec%2F21%2Flabour-mp-chris-williamson-apologises-for-backing-jazz-musician-gilad-atzmon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/venue-denies-antisemitism-after-hosting-first-day-of-controversial-conference/">"Venue denies antisemitism after hosting Interfaith for Palestine event"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venue+denies+antisemitism+after+hosting+Interfaith+for+Palestine+event&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishnews.timesofisrael.com%2Fvenue-denies-antisemitism-after-hosting-first-day-of-controversial-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirsh, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/nov/30/anewmenacingcurrentisappe">Openly embracing prejudice</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 30 November 2006. Hirsh also refers to the statement in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/apr/03/nobodyhaseverclaimedthatc">"What charge?"</a>, "The Guardian", 3 April 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugarman2018" class="citation news cs1">Sugarman, Daniel (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/gilad-atzmon-forced-to-ask-supporters-for-funds-after-campaign-against-antisemitism-libel-lawsuit-1.473179">"Gilad Atzmon forced to ask supporters for funds after Campaign Against Antisemitism libel lawsuit"</a>. <i>Jewish Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Gilad+Atzmon+forced+to+ask+supporters+for+funds+after+Campaign+Against+Antisemitism+libel+lawsuit&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fgilad-atzmon-forced-to-ask-supporters-for-funds-after-campaign-against-antisemitism-libel-lawsuit-1.473179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/jewish-students-told-dont-study-at-lse-by-board-president/">"Jewish students told 'don't study at LSE' by Board president"</a>. <i>Jewish News Online</i>. 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+News+Online&rft.atitle=Jewish+students+told+%27don%27t+study+at+LSE%27+by+Board+president&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishnews.timesofisrael.com%2Fjewish-students-told-dont-study-at-lse-by-board-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Neiwert2015" class="citation news cs1">David Neiwert (January 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/01/27/onetime-antiwar-environmental-protester-veers-seamy-world-anti-semitism">"Onetime Antiwar, Environmental Protester Veers Into the Seamy World of Anti-Semitism"</a>. Southern Poverty Law Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Onetime+Antiwar%2C+Environmental+Protester+Veers+Into+the+Seamy+World+of+Anti-Semitism&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft.au=David+Neiwert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2015%2F01%2F27%2Fonetime-antiwar-environmental-protester-veers-seamy-world-anti-semitism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/self-hating-jews/3/">Self-Hating Jews: The Legacy of Self-Hatred</a>, <i>MyJewishLearning</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.664162">Self-hating Jews Are Not Necessarily Leftists</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-forer/self-hating-jew-a-strategy-to-hide-from-self-reflection_b_1735006.html">The Self-Hating Jew: A Strategy to Hide From Self-Reflection</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4591891,00.html">Jon Stewart lashes out at critics who call him a self-hating Jew</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekel" class="citation web cs1">Dekel, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191101135701/https://o.canada.com/entertainment/celebrity/jon-stewart-on-criticism-of-his-coverage-of-israel">"Jon Stewart on criticism of his coverage of Israel"</a>. <i>canada.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://o.canada.com/entertainment/celebrity/jon-stewart-on-criticism-of-his-coverage-of-israel">the original</a> on 1 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canada.com&rft.atitle=Jon+Stewart+on+criticism+of+his+coverage+of+Israel&rft.aulast=Dekel&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fo.canada.com%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity%2Fjon-stewart-on-criticism-of-his-coverage-of-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/jon-stewart-rosewater-daily-show-728386">Jon Stewart on Directorial Debut 'Rosewater,' His 'Daily Show' Future and Those Israel-Gaza Comments</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2014" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (27 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2014/11/27/noam_chomsky_at_united_nations_it">"Noam Chomsky at United Nations: It Would Be Nice if the United States Lived Up to International Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Noam+Chomsky+at+United+Nations%3A+It+Would+Be+Nice+if+the+United+States+Lived+Up+to+International+Law&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2Fnoam_chomsky_at_united_nations_it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene Kane, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jsonline.com/news/metro/dec02/102087.asp">A phrase whose time has come and gone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070411151533/http://www2.jsonline.com/news/metro/dec02/102087.asp">Archived</a> 2007-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</a></i>, December 10, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Snitow and Deborah Kaufman, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsreel.org/guides/blacksan.htm">BLACKS & JEWS: Facilitator Guide</a></i>, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hendelsaltz-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hendelsaltz_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendelsaltz" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hendelsaltz, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArt.jhtml?more=1&itemNo=987123&contrassID=2&subContrassID=2&sbSubContrassID=0">"Letting the animals live"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i> (in Hebrew)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Letting+the+animals+live&rft.aulast=Hendelsaltz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fhasite%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3Fmore%3D1%26itemNo%3D987123%26contrassID%3D2%26subContrassID%3D2%26sbSubContrassID%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dahan1-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dahan1_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahan2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dahan, Alon (2006-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfc.co.il/Archive/003-D-19293-00.html?tag=08-09-52">"The history of self-hatred"</a>. <i>nfc</i> (in Hebrew)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nfc&rft.atitle=The+history+of+self-hatred&rft.date=2006-12-07&rft.aulast=Dahan&rft.aufirst=Alon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfc.co.il%2FArchive%2F003-D-19293-00.html%3Ftag%3D08-09-52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dahan2-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dahan2_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahan2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dahan, Alon (2006-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfc.co.il/ArticlePrintVersion.aspx?docId=19383&subjectID=3">"Holocaust denial in Israel"</a>. <i>nfc</i> (in Hebrew)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nfc&rft.atitle=Holocaust+denial+in+Israel&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft.aulast=Dahan&rft.aufirst=Alon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfc.co.il%2FArticlePrintVersion.aspx%3FdocId%3D19383%26subjectID%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HtzFlu-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HtzFlu_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZilber2009" class="citation news cs1">Zilber, Uzi (25 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1127159.html">"The Jew Flu: The strange illness of Jewish anti-Semitism"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Jew+Flu%3A+The+strange+illness+of+Jewish+anti-Semitism&rft.date=2009-12-25&rft.aulast=Zilber&rft.aufirst=Uzi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1127159.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hating+Jew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bean" title="Henry Bean">Henry Bean</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Believer_(2001_film)" title="The Believer (2001 film)">The Believer</a>: Confronting Jewish Self-Hatred</i>, Thunder's Mouth Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-372-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-372-X">1-56025-372-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Biale" title="David Biale">David Biale</a>, "The Stars & Stripes of David", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>, May 4, 1998.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_Cuddihy" title="John Murray Cuddihy">John Murray Cuddihy</a>, <i>Ordeal of Civility: Freud, Marx, Levi-Strauss, and the Jewish Struggle With Modernity</i>, <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">Beacon Press</a>, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8070-3609-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8070-3609-9">0-8070-3609-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_L._Gilman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sander L. Gilman">Sander L. Gilman</a>, <i>Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews</i>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4063-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4063-5">0-8018-4063-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lessing" title="Theodor Lessing">Theodor Lessing</a>, "Jewish Self-Hatred", Nativ (Hebrew: translated from German), 17 (96), 1930/2004, pp. 49–54 (Der Jüdische Selbsthass, 1930).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a>, "Self-Hatred Among Jews", <i>Contemporary Jewish Record</i>, June 1941. Reprinted in Kurt Lewin, <i>Resolving Social Conflicts: Selected Papers on Group Dynamics</i>, <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>, 1948.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wicked_Son" title="The Wicked Son">The Wicked Son</a>: Anti-Semitism, Self-hatred, and the Jews</i>, <a href="/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken Books</a>, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8052-4207-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8052-4207-4">0-8052-4207-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Patai" title="Raphael Patai">Raphael Patai</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Mind" title="The Jewish Mind">The Jewish Mind</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2651-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2651-X">0-8143-2651-X</a>. Chapter 17, "Jewish Self-Hate".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hating_Jew&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726190939/http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2009/2009-12/200912-Ask_Rabbis.html">Ask the Rabbis: What is a 'Self-Hating Jew'?</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a></i>, November/December 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lerner_(rabbi)" title="Michael Lerner (rabbi)">Rabbi Michael Lerner</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-28-op-lerner.rtf-story.html">Israel's Jewish Critics Aren't 'Self-Hating'</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, April 28, 2002. Reprinted at <a href="/wiki/Common_Dreams_NewsCenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Dreams NewsCenter">Common Dreams NewsCenter</a>.</li> <li>Daniel Levitas, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=73">Hate and Hypocrisy: What is behind the rare-but-recurring phenomenon of Jewish anti-Semites?</a>", <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> <i>Intelligence Report</i>, Winter 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Rose" title="Jacqueline Rose">Jacqueline Rose</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/feb/08/holdjewishvoices6">The myth of self-hatred</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, February 8, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sacks">Rabbi Jonathan Sacks</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=3767">Love, Hate, and Jewish Identity</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i>, November 1997.</li> <li>Menachem Wecker, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishcurrents.org/2007-may-wecker.htm">In Defense of 'Self-Hating' Jews: Conversations with the Targets of Masada2000's S.H.I.T. List</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a></i>, May 2007.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Martine Gilson, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hebdo.nouvelobs.com/hebdo/parution/p2031/articles/a218663-le_petit_soldat_de_la_pieuvre_noire.html">Le petit soldat de la pieuvre noire</a></i>, Nouvel observateur, 2003-10-09</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216211943/http://www.communautarisme.net/Les-traitres-juifs-d-Alexandre-Adler_a108.html">Les « traîtres juifs » d'Alexandre Adler</a></i>, 2003-11-01</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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antisemitism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of antisemitism">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_studies" title="Antisemitism studies">Antisemitism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">Working definition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_antisemitism" title="Racial antisemitism">Racial antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_antisemitism" title="Secondary antisemitism">Secondary antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Jews" title="Stereotypes of Jews">Stereotypes of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism" title="Timeline of antisemitism">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_19th_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 19th century">19th <abbr title="Century">C.</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_20th_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_21st_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antisemitism and</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_and_the_New_Testament" title="Antisemitism and the New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_antisemitism" title="Medieval antisemitism">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam_and_antisemitism" title="Nation of Islam and antisemitism">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Soviet_mathematics" title="Antisemitism in Soviet mathematics">Soviet mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism" title="Universities and antisemitism">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_genocide_theory" title="Double genocide theory">Double genocide theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Khazar theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf_in_Arabic" title="Mein Kampf in Arabic">in Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf_in_English" title="Mein Kampf in English">in English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Persecution of Jews during the Black Death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Jews_and_Their_Lies" title="On the Jews and Their Lies">On the Jews and Their Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosemitism" title="Philosemitism">Philosemitism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_imprints_of_The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="Contemporary imprints of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Contemporary imprints</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews" title="The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews">The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Self-hating Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">Weaponization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Jewish deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Catholic Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_and_antisemitism" title="Martin Luther and antisemitism">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_curse" title="Blood curse">Blood curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Antisemitic laws, policies<br />and government actions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hep-Hep_riots" title="Hep-Hep riots">Hep-Hep riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">Pogroms in the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Laws" title="May Laws">May Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Anti-Zionist_League" title="Jewish Anti-Zionist League">Jewish Anti-Zionist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank trial (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus Affair (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Mendel_Beilis" title="Menahem Mendel Beilis">Beilis trial (Russian Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud (Iraq)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist_League_in_Iraq" title="Anti-Zionist League in Iraq">Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1862)" title="General Order No. 11 (1862)">General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racial policy of Nazi Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cosmopolitan_campaign" title="Anti-cosmopolitan campaign">Anti-cosmopolitan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets" title="Night of the Murdered Poets">Night of the Murdered Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">ZOG conspiracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antisemitism on the internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Believers" title="Bible Believers">Bible Believers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Historical_Review" title="Institute for Historical Review">Institute for Historical Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_Watch" title="Jew Watch">Jew Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Podblanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Islam" title="Radio Islam">Radio Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)"><i>The Right Stuff</i> (blog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia and antisemitism">Wikipedia and antisemitism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Black Death persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_boycotts" title="Anti-Jewish boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)" title="Jewish quarter (diaspora)">Jewish quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_Europe" title="Jewish ghettos in Europe">Ghettos in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellah" title="Mellah">Mellah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Judaism" title="Martyrdom in Judaism">Martyrdom in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refuseniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">Expulsion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations working<br />against antisemitism</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League (ADL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Holocaust_Oral_History_Project" title="Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project">Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Argentina" title="Antisemitism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Australia" title="Antisemitism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Canada" title="Antisemitism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_China" title="Antisemitism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Chile" title="Antisemitism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Antisemitism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Europe" title="Antisemitism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Austria" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Belgium" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_France" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century France">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Germany" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Hungary" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Italy" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Romania" title="Antisemitism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Spain" title="Antisemitism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Sweden" title="Antisemitism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party" title="Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Japan" title="Antisemitism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Mexico" title="Antisemitism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestinian Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Pakistan" title="Antisemitism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_South_Africa" title="Antisemitism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey" title="Antisemitism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="History of antisemitism in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Venezuela" title="Antisemitism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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