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dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Education">educational</a> level following the completion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secondary_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, for example, defines tertiary education as including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University">universities</a> as well as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trade_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade school">trade schools</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="College">colleges</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Higher education is taken to include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Undergraduate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postgraduate_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate education</a>, while <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocational_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocational education">vocational education</a> beyond secondary education is known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further education">further education</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, or included under the category of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuing_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Harvard_Yard_in_autumn,_Boston,_Massachusetts,_2015.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg/220px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%252C_Boston%252C_Massachusetts%252C_2015.jpg/330px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%252C_Boston%252C_Massachusetts%252C_2015.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%252C_Boston%252C_Massachusetts%252C_2015.jpg/440px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%252C_Boston%252C_Massachusetts%252C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2581"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harvard_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, founded in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, in 1636, is the oldest higher education institution in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a> and routinely ranked as one of the best universities in the world. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/220px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/330px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/440px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900"></a> <figcaption> Students attend a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linear_algebra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a> lecture at a tertiary institution: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki University of Technology">Helsinki University of Technology</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Tertiary education generally culminates in the receipt of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academic_certificate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academic certificate">certificates</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diploma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diploma">diplomas</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academic_degree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academic degree">academic degrees</a>. Higher education represents levels 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISCED?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2011_version" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCED">2011 version</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Classification of Education">International Standard Classification of Education</a> structure. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuing_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> as distinct from higher education. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> stated that tertiary education focuses on learning endeavors in specialized fields. It includes academic and higher vocational education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s 2019 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Development_Report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Development Report">World Development Report</a> on the future of work<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> argues that given the future of work and the increasing role of technology in value chains, tertiary education becomes even more relevant for workers to compete in the labor market. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Definition">1 Definition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Global_progress">2 Global progress</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#The_right_of_access_to_higher_education">2.1 The right of access to higher education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Criticism">2.2 Criticism</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Influence_on_views">3 Influence on views</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Providers">4 Providers</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recognition_of_studies">4.1 Recognition of studies</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">5 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#20th_century">5.1 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#21st_century">5.2 21st century</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Statistics">6 Statistics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#United_Kingdom">7 United Kingdom</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Canada">8 Canada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Australia">9 Australia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#United_States">10 United States</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#European_Union">11 European Union</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#France">11.1 France</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Italy">11.2 Italy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Africa">12 Africa</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nigeria">12.1 Nigeria</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asia">13 Asia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Japan">13.1 Japan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hong_Kong">13.2 Hong Kong</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">14 See also</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Higher_education_by_country">14.1 Higher education by country</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">15 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">16 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources">17 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">18 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">19 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Definition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:20160512_GCC_Graduation_(26887523562).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/220px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5929" data-file-height="3924"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/220px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/330px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/440px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A post-secondary graduate receives a diploma during a graduation ceremony at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanna_Community_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanna Community College">Germanna Community College</a> in Virginia. </figcaption> </figure> Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formal_learning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal learning">formal learning</a> that occurs after completion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secondary_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. This consists of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colleges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges">colleges</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polytechnic_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Polytechnic (disambiguation)">polytechnics</a> that offer formal degrees beyond high school or secondary school education. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Classification of Education">International Standard Classification of Education</a> in 1997 initially classified all tertiary education together in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1997_version" title="International Standard Classification of Education">1997 version</a> of its schema. They were referred to as level 5 and doctoral studies at level 6. In 2011, this was refined and expanded in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISCED?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2011_version" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCED">2011 version</a> of the structure. Higher education at undergraduate level, masters and doctoral level became levels 6, 7, and 8. Nondegree level tertiary education, sometimes referred to as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuing_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> was reordered as level 4, with level 5 for some higher courses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In the days when few pupils progressed beyond <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primary_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primary education">primary education</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basic_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basic education">basic education</a>, the term "higher education" was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[note 1]</a> This is the origin of the term <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_school_(North_America)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High school (North America)">high school</a> for various schools for children between the ages of 14 and 18 (United States) or 11 and 18 (United Kingdom and Australia).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[5]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Global_progress">Global progress</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Global progress" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education,_by_wealth,_selected_countries,_2008-2014.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/220px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/220px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/330px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/440px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Percentage of 25-29-year-olds who have completed at least four years of tertiary education, by wealth, selected countries, 2008-2014 </figcaption> </figure> Globally, the gross enrollment ratio in tertiary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Education">education</a> increased from 19% in 2000 to 38% in 2017, with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Female_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Female education">female</a> enrollment ratio exceeding the male ratio by 4 percentage points.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-7">[6]</a> The tertiary gross enrollment ratio ranges from 9% in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Low-income_countries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-income countries">low-income countries</a> to 77% in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_income_countries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="High income countries">high-income countries</a>, where, after rapid growth in the 2000s, reached a plateau in the 2010s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-7">[6]</a> Between now and 2030, the biggest increase in tertiary enrollment ratios is expected in middle-income countries, where it will reach 52%. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Sustainable Development Goal 4</a> (SDG 4) commits countries to providing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lifelong_learning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lifelong learning">lifelong learning</a> opportunities for all, including tertiary education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-7">[6]</a> This commitment is monitored through the global indicator for target 4.3 in the sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4), which measures the participation rate of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Youth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Youth">youth</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adult?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adult">adults</a> in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, whether for work or non-work purposes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="The_right_of_access_to_higher_education">The right of access to higher education</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: The right of access to higher education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International human rights instruments">international human rights instruments</a>. The UN <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[7]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a>, Article 2 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Convention on Human Rights">First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights</a>, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Right_to_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Right to education">right to education</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Criticism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1994, the UNESCO Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at the tertiary level. Since this time the world has witnessed the global massification of tertiary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income contexts, where university completion rates for students with disabilities are much lower compared to completion rates of students without disabilities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Some tertiary schools have been criticized as having permitted or actively encouraged <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grade_inflation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grade inflation">grade inflation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gunn-11">[10]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-timeshighereducation-12">[11]</a> In addition, certain scholars contend that the supply of graduates in some fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, aggravating <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduate_unemployment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graduate unemployment">graduate unemployment</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Underemployment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Underutilization_of_skills" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Credentialism_and_educational_inflation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Credentialism and educational inflation">credentialism</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[13]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Influence_on_views">Influence on views</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Influence on views" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Graduates of tertiary education are likely to have different worldviews and moral values than non-graduates. Research indicates that graduates are more likely to have <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libertarianism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> principles with less adherence to social hierarchies. Graduates are also more likely to embrace cultural and ethnic diversity and express more positive views towards minority groups. For international relationships, graduates are more likely to favor openness, supporting policies like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_trade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free trade">free trade</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_border?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open border">open borders</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and more liberal policies regarding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_migration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International migration">international migration</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[14]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Providers">Providers</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Providers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Columbia_University,_NYC_(June_2014)_-_09.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/220px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/220px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/330px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/440px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alma_Mater_(New_York_sculpture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alma Mater (New York sculpture)">Alma Mater</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Columbia_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alma_mater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>, meaning "nourishing mother" in Latin, is one of the most enduring symbols of the university. The phrase was first used to describe the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Bologna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a>, founded in 1088. </figcaption> </figure> In the U.S., higher education is provided by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University">universities</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academy">academies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="College">colleges</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seminary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seminary">seminaries</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/School_of_music?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="School of music">conservatories</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute_of_technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institute of technology">institutes of technology</a>, and certain college-level institutions, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocational_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocational school">vocational schools</a>, universities of applied sciences, trade schools, and other career-based colleges that award degrees. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuing_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> as distinct from higher education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, as exists in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dental_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dental school">dental schools</a>, and social services activities of universities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[17]</a> Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Undergraduate_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a> level, and beyond that, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postgraduate_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postgraduate education">graduate-level</a> (or postgraduate level). The latter level of education is often referred to as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduate_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>, especially in North America. In addition to the skills that are specific to any particular degree, potential employers in any profession are looking for evidence of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Critical_thinking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a> and analytical reasoning skills, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teamwork?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teamwork">teamworking</a> skills, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Information_literacy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Information literacy">information literacy</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethics">ethical</a> judgment, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decision-making?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> skills, fluency in speaking and writing, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Problem_solving?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Problem solving">problem solving</a> skills, and a wide knowledge of liberal arts and sciences.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Recognition_of_studies">Recognition of studies</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Recognition of studies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lisbon Recognition Convention">Lisbon Recognition Convention</a> stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised in all of the Signatory Parties of the convention.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[19]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"> <tbody> <tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O1.png?39788" height="16" title="O1 [pr]" alt="pr"></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S34.png?d177d" height="38" title="S34 [anx]" alt="anx"></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O1.png?39788" height="16" title="O1 [pr]" alt="pr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">House of Life "library" in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Archiginnasio-bologna02.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/220px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="411"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/220px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/330px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/440px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bologna_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna University">Bologna University</a> in Italy, established in 1088 A.D., is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">world's oldest university in continuous operation</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/220px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/220px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/330px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/440px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Established in 1224 by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a> in Italy is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Delle_Donne-22">[21]</a> </figcaption> </figure> The oldest known institutions of higher education are credited to Dynastic Egypt, with Pr-Anx (houses of life) built as libraries and scriptoriums, containing works on law, architecture, mathematics, and medicine, and involved in the training of "swnw" and "swnwt" (male and female <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctor_(title)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctor (title)">doctors</a>); extant <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_papyri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Egyptian papyri">Egyptian papyri</a> from the 3rd millennia BC are in several collections.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In the Greek world, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plato%27s_Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato's Academy">Plato's Academy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 387 - 86 BC), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyceum (classical)">Aristotle's Lyceum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 334 - 86 BC) and other philosophical-mathematical schools became models for other establishments, particularly in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> of Egypt, under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ptolemies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a>. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, the city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>], later the great Buddhist monastery of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nalanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 427 - 1197 CE), attracted students and professors even from distant regions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[23]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> established chairs to teach the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Four Books and Five Classics">Five Confucean Classics</a>, in the Grand School, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taixue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taixue">Taixue</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3 - 1905 CE), to train cadres for the imperial administration.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[25]</a> All these higher-learning institutions became models for other schools within their sphere of cultural influence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In 425 CE, the Byzantine emperor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> innovated as he established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandidakterion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandidakterion">Pandidakterion</a>, with a faculty of 31 professors, to train public servants. In the 7th and 8th centuries, "cathedral schools" were created in Western Europe. Meanwhile, the first Medresahs were founded in the Moslem empire – initially mere primary schools in the premises of major mosques, which gradually evolved toward secondary, later higher education. However high the intellectual level of these schools could be, it would be anachronistic to call them "universities". Their organization and purposes were markedly different from the corporations of students and teachers, independent from both the Church and the State, which established themselves from the 12th century in Western Europe as Universitas Studiorum.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guinness_World_Records?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fez,_Morocco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest existing continually operating</a> higher educational institution in the world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[28]</a> and is occasionally referred to as the oldest university by scholars.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Undoubtedly, there are older institutions of higher education, for example, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Ez-Zitouna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Ez-Zitouna">University of Ez-Zitouna</a> in Montfleury, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tunis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, was first established in 737. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Bologna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, Italy, founded in 1088, is the world's oldest university in continuous operation,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-topuniversities-31">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0a-32">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-33">[32]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-34">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[34]</a> and the first university in the sense of a higher-learning and degree-awarding institute, as the word universitas was coined at its foundation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-34">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-topuniversities-31">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0a-32">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, developed and many developing countries have increased the participation of the age group who mostly studies higher education from the elite rate, of up to 15 per cent, to the mass rate of 16 to 50 per cent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[36]</a> In many developed countries, participation in higher education has continued to increase towards universal or, what Trow later called, open access, where over half of the relevant age group participate in higher education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Higher education is important to national <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy">economies</a>, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Simkovic-39">[38]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OECD-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In recent years, universities have been criticized for permitting or actively encouraging <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grade_inflation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grade inflation">grade inflation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gunn-11">[10]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Widening_participation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Widening participation">Widening participation</a> can increase the supply of graduates in individual fields of study over the demand for their skills, aggravating <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduate_unemployment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graduate unemployment">graduate unemployment</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Underemployment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Overqualification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Overqualification">overqualification</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Educational_inflation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Educational inflation">educational inflation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Some commentators have suggested that the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Higher_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a> is rapidly making certain aspects of the traditional higher education system obsolete.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The involvement and funding by foreign regimes in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States">higher education in the US</a> and Europe raised concerns regarding the erosion of democratic norms and hate speech on campuses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[44]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[45]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Statistics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The total expenditure on tertiary education (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> levels 5 to 8) as a percentage of GDP for individual countries is shown in the following table. <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Tertiary Education expenditure as % of GDP 2020<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[46]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>1.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>1.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>2.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>2.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>1.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>1.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>0.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>0.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iceland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>1.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>1.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>1.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>0.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>2.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>1.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>1.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>2.5</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The percentage of adults who have attained individual tertiary education levels by country is shown in the following table. <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Country</th> <th colspan="4">Ages 25–64: % attaining a tertiary degree course equivalent to at least:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[47]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="number">Any tertiary</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Bachelor's</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Master's</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Doctoral</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>24.8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>51.5</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>10.9</td> <td>1.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>35.6</td> <td>20.4</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>45.8</td> <td>45.0</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>1.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>21.0</td> <td>21.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>29.8</td> <td>29.8</td> <td>20.4</td> <td>0.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>62.7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>31.4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a></td> <td>18.5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colombia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>28.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td>25.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>26.7</td> <td>26.5</td> <td>19.7</td> <td>0.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>42.1</td> <td>37.0</td> <td>16.3</td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>42.1</td> <td>36.5</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>42.6</td> <td>35.1</td> <td>17.3</td> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a></td> <td>41.6</td> <td>27.2</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>32.5</td> <td>31.9</td> <td>13.6</td> <td>1.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>35.1</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>0.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>29.4</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>13.9</td> <td>0.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a></td> <td>12.9</td> <td>12.9</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>3.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>13.1</td> <td>10.3</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>0.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iceland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>43.6</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>18.1</td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>54.4</td> <td>44.3</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>1.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>50.6</td> <td>39.6</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>20.3</td> <td>20.2</td> <td>14.6</td> <td>0.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>56.1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>39.5</td> <td>35.1</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>0.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>46.5</td> <td>46.5</td> <td>16.5</td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>51.5</td> <td>46.6</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>2.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>20.6</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>1.9</td> <td>0.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>44.7</td> <td>42.4</td> <td>18.2</td> <td>1.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>39.8</td> <td>35.8</td> <td>6.3</td> <td>1.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>48.1</td> <td>36.5</td> <td>15.4</td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>33.9</td> <td>33.8</td> <td>26.2</td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>31.5</td> <td>31.2</td> <td>21.7</td> <td>0.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>19.7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>29.2</td> <td>29.1</td> <td>25.3</td> <td>0.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>40.1</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>3.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>52.8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>13.9</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>41.1</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>17.2</td> <td>0.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>48.5</td> <td>38.7</td> <td>18.7</td> <td>2.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Switzerland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>44.7</td> <td>44.7</td> <td>20.0</td> <td>3.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>25.0</td> <td>18.3</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>0.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>51.3</td> <td>42.3</td> <td>15.8</td> <td>1.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>50.0</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>14.4</td> <td>2.1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A 2014 report by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> states that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries. Tertiary-educated individuals were earning twice as much as median workers. In contrast to historical trends in education, young women were more likely to complete upper secondary education than young men. Additionally, access to education was expanding and growth in the number of people receiving university education was rising sharply. By 2014, close to 40 percent of people aged 25–34 (and around 25 percent of those aged 55–64), were being educated at university.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReportOECD-49">[48]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution in the United Kingdom</a>, education is administered separately in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. In England, the term "tertiary education" aligns with the global term "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>" (i.e. post-18 study).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In 2018 the Welsh Government adopted the term "tertiary education" to refer to post-16 education and training in Wales.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Since the 1970s, however, specialized <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further education">further education colleges</a> in England and Wales have called themselves "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertiary_college?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertiary college">tertiary colleges</a>" although being part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secondary_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> process. These institutions cater for both school leavers and adults, thus combining the main functions of an FE college and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sixth_form_college?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sixth form college">sixth form college</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Generally, district councils with such colleges have adopted a tertiary system or structure where a single local institution provides all the 16–19 and adult education, and where schools do not universally offer sixth forms (i.e. schools only serve ages 11–16). However the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Further_and_Higher_Education_Act_1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Further and Higher Education Act 1992">Further and Higher Education Act 1992</a> has effectively prevented the creation of new tertiary colleges.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[52]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Educationincanada-eng.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/260px-Educationincanada-eng.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/260px-Educationincanada-eng.png" data-width="260" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/390px-Educationincanada-eng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/520px-Educationincanada-eng.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Canada by province and territory, showing the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 who had a bachelor's degree or higher, and the percentage point change from 2016 to 2021<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2022_i032-54">[53]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education in Canada</a> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style> <div class="excerpt"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a> includes provincial, territorial, Indigenous and military higher education systems. The ideal objective of Canadian higher education is to offer every Canadian the opportunity to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to realize their utmost potential. It aspires to cultivate a world-class workforce, enhance the employment rate of Canadians, and safeguard Canada's enduring prosperity. Higher education programs are intricately designed with the perspective of the learner in focus, striving to mitigate risks and assure definite outcomes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[54]</a> According to a 2022 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_Statistics_Canada_2022_n626-56">[55]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_GAC_2022_x071-57">[56]</a> the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_Education_c106-58">[57]</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Australia">Australia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Australia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/220px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1440"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/220px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/330px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/440px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deakin_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deakin University">Deakin University</a>, one of Australia's 43 universities </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertiary education in Australia">Tertiary education in Australia</a> </div> Within Australia "tertiary education" refers to continuing studies after a student completes secondary school. Tertiary education options include universities, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technical_and_further_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Technical and further education">technical and further education</a> (TAFE) or private universities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[58]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="United_States">United States</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/290px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="525"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/290px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/435px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/580px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, an American research university </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in the United States">higher education system in the United States</a> is decentralized and regulated independently by each state<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[59]</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">accreditors</a> playing a key role in ensuring institutions meet minimum standards. It is large and diverse with institutions that are privately governed and institutions that are owned and operated by state and local governments. Some private institutions are affiliated with religious organizations whereas others are secular with enrollment ranging from a few dozen to tens of thousands of students. The United States Department of Education presents a broad-spectrum view of tertiary education and detailed information on the nation's educational structure, accreditation procedures, and connections to state as well as federal agencies and entities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[60]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education</a> provides one framework for classifying U.S. colleges and universities in several different ways.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[61]</a> US tertiary education also includes various non-profit organizations promoting professional development of individuals in the field of higher education and helping expand awareness of related issues like international student services and complete campus internationalization.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[63]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="European_Union">European Union</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: European Union" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Although tertiary education in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">EU</a> includes university, it can differ from country to country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="France">France</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After going to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nursery_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery school</a> (French: école maternelle), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elementary_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> (French: école primaire), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secondary education in France">middle school</a> (French: collège), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lycee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycee">high school</a> (French: lycée), a student may go to university, but may also stop at that point. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Italy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Italy">Higher education in Italy</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of universities in Italy">List of universities in Italy</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Roma12_flickr.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/220px-Roma12_flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/220px-Roma12_flickr.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/330px-Roma12_flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/440px-Roma12_flickr.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a>. It was founded in 1303 and is as such one of the world's oldest universities,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[64]</a> and with 122,000 students, it is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_by_enrollment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest universities by enrollment">largest university in Europe</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[65]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Education_in_Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Education in Italy">Education in Italy</a> is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[66]</a> and is divided into five stages: kindergarten (scuola dell'infanzia), primary school (scuola primaria or scuola elementare), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scuola_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola media">lower secondary school</a> (scuola secondaria di primo grado or scuola media inferiore), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scuola_superiore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola superiore">upper secondary school</a> (scuola secondaria di secondo grado or scuola media superiore) and university (università).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Education is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/220px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/220px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/330px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/440px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a> is the city's oldest university, founded in 1863. It is the best university in Italy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/220px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3174"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/220px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/330px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/440px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bocconi_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milan">Milan</a> is a leading institution for economics, management and related disciplines in Europe.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[70]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Italy has a large and international network of public or state-affiliated universities and schools offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Italy constitute the main percentage of tertiary education in Italy and are managed under the supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Bologna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> (founded in 1088) notably, is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">the oldest one ever</a>; also, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a> are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Storia_d'Italia-72">[71]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Delle_Donne-22">[21]</a> Most universities in Italy are state-supported. 33 Italian universities were ranked among the world's top 500 in 2019, the third-largest number in Europe after the United Kingdom and Germany.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jakubmarian-73">[72]</a> There are also a number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superior_Graduate_Schools_in_Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Superior Graduate Schools in Italy">Superior Graduate Schools</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">Grandes écoles</a>)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ricercaitaliana.it-74">[73]</a> or Scuola Superiore Universitaria, which offer officially recognized titles, including the Diploma di Perfezionamento equivalent to a Doctorate, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dottorato_di_ricerca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dottorato di ricerca">Dottorato di Ricerca</a> i.e. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctorate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctorate">Research Doctorate</a> or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. PhD.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-istruzione.it-75">[74]</a> Some of them also organize master's degree courses. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduate_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate</a> and post-graduate level. Nine further schools are direct offshoots of the universities (i.e. do not have their own 'university status'). The first one is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa">Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa</a> (founded in 1810 by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> as a branch of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a>), taking the model of organization from the famous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a>. These institutions are commonly referred to as "Schools of Excellence" (i.e. "Scuole di Eccellenza").<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ricercaitaliana.it-74">[73]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Scuole_di_Eccellenza-76">[75]</a> Italy hosts a broad variety of universities, colleges and academies. Founded in 1088, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Bologna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> is likely <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">the oldest in the world</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[76]</a> In 2009, the University of Bologna is, according to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Times_Higher_Education-QS_World_University_Rankings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings">The Times</a>, the only Italian college in the top 200 World Universities. Milan's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bocconi_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a> has been ranked among the top 20 best business schools in the world by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> international rankings, especially thanks to its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M.B.A.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="M.B.A.">M.B.A.</a> program, which in 2007 placed it no. 17 in the world in terms of graduate recruitment preference by major multinational companies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Bocconi was also ranked by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forbes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> as the best worldwide in the specific category Value for Money.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Executive_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Executive education">Executive education</a> ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Other top universities and polytechnics are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a> in Milan, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LUISS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LUISS">LUISS</a> in Rome, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Polytechnic University of Turin</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politecnico_di_Milano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Politecnico di Milano">Politecnico di Milano</a> (which in 2011 was ranked as the 48th best technical university in the world by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-qs1-81">[80]</a>), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sapienza University of Rome">University of Rome La Sapienza</a> (which in 2005 was Europe's 33rd best university,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[81]</a> and ranks among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[82]</a> and in 2013, the Center for World University Rankings ranked the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a> 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its World University Rankings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[83]</a>) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Milan">University of Milan</a> (whose research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognition). This university is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a prestigious group of twenty research-intensive European Universities. It has also been awarded ranking positions such as 1st in Italy and 7th in Europe (The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">Leiden Ranking</a> – Universiteit Leiden). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Africa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Nigeria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg/220px-FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg/220px-FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg/330px-FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federal_Polytechnic,_Nekede?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federal Polytechnic, Nekede">Federal Polytechnic</a>, Nekede in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Owerri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Owerri">Owerri</a>, Nigeria </figcaption> </figure> Tertiary education refers to post-secondary education received at universities (government or privately funded), monotechnics, polytechnics and colleges of education. After completing a secondary education, students may enroll in a tertiary institution or acquire a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocational_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocational school">vocational education</a>. Students are required to sit for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joint_Admissions_and_Matriculation_Board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board">Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board</a> Entrance Examination (JAMB) as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West African Senior School Certificate Examination">Secondary School Certificate Examination</a> (SSCE) or General Certificate Examination (GCE) and meet varying cut-off marks to gain admission into a tertiary institution.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[84]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Asia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Japan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Japan">Higher education in Japan</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Yasuda_Hall,_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/220px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/220px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/330px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/440px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, a research university in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> </figcaption> </figure> According to MEXT (Ministry of Education) and UNESCO, following types of education are classified as tertiary education: University education (undergraduate, postgraduate and professional degrees), two-year colleges (Tanki Daigaku), colleges of technology and specialised colleges.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hong Kong" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/220px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/220px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/330px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/440px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong">Chinese University of Hong Kong</a>, one of Hong Kong's universities </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Hong Kong">Higher education in Hong Kong</a> </div> In Hong Kong "tertiary education" or "higher education" refers to any education higher than secondary education. Tertiary education includes universities, post secondary colleges, statutory universities, and publicly funded institutions. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/42px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/56px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Higher_education_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Higher education by country">Category:Higher education by country</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by tertiary education attainment">List of countries by tertiary education attainment</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_education_articles_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of education articles by country">Education by country</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_higher_education_associations_and_alliances?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of higher education associations and alliances">List of higher education associations and alliances</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities and colleges by country">List of universities and colleges by country</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Student_SPILL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Student SPILL">Student SPILL</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/College_and_university_rankings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="College and university rankings">College and university rankings</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governance_in_higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governance in higher education">Governance in higher education</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graduation">Graduation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education accreditation">Higher education accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_bubble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education bubble">Higher education bubble</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education policy">Higher education policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_Education_Price_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher Education Price Index">Higher Education Price Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UnCollege?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UnCollege">UnCollege</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hochschule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hochschule">Hochschule</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technical_and_Further_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical and Further Education">Technical and Further Education</a> (TAFE)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Higher_education_by_country">Higher education by country</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Higher education by country" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertiary education in Australia">Tertiary education in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Ukraine">Higher education in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in the United States">Higher education in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education_in_Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higher education in Portugal">Higher education in Portugal</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> For example, Higher Education: General and Technical, a 1933 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Union of Teachers">National Union of Teachers</a> pamphlet by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Eustace_Percy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Eustace Percy">Lord Eustace Percy</a>, which is actually about secondary education and uses the two terms interchangeably.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation%23what_why">"Tertiary Education"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210021931/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation%23what_why">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Tertiary+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Ftopic%2Ftertiaryeducation%23what_why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208231934/http://uis.unesco.org/node/334812">"Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8)"</a>. uis.unesco.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uis.unesco.org/node/334812">the original</a> on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uis.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Tertiary+education+%28ISCED+levels+5+to+8%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fnode%2F334812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf">"World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906212558/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Bank+World+Development+Report+2019%3A+The+Changing+Nature+of+Work.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F816281518818814423%2Fpdf%2F2019-WDR-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf">Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525154803/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-05-25 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved 5 April 2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/high-school">"high school"</a>. Cambridge Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227115551/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/high-school">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=high+school&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhigh-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_7-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_7-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_7-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_7-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370738">#CommitToEducation</a>. UNESCO. 2019. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100336-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100336-3"><bdi>978-92-3-100336-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211003256/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark%253A/48223/pf0000370738">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020. 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Retrieved 23 June 2019. <q>Departments where enrollments were falling felt under pressure to relax their grading practices to make their courses more attractive, leading to an "arms race" in grade inflation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+University+Rankings&rft.atitle=Is+grade+inflation+a+worldwide+trend%3F&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Ffeatures%2Fgrade-inflation-worldwide-trend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoatesMorrison2016" class="citation cs2">Coates, Ken; Morrison, Bill (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601084152/https://www.dundurn.com/books/Dream-Factories">Dream Factories: Why Universities Won't Solve the Youth Jobs Crisis</a>, Toronto: Dundurn Books, p. 232, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781459733770?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781459733770"><bdi>9781459733770</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dundurn.com/books/Dream-Factories">the original</a> on 1 June 2016, retrieved 18 July 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+Factories%3A+Why+Universities+Won%27t+Solve+the+Youth+Jobs+Crisis&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Dundurn+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781459733770&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dundurn.com%2Fbooks%2FDream-Factories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownLauderAshton2012" class="citation cs2">Brown, Phillip; 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Retrieved 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Employers+Judge+Recent+Graduates+Ill-Prepared+for+Today%27s+Workplace%2C+Endorse+Broad+and+Project-Based+Learning+as+Best+Preparation+for+Career+Opportunity+and+Long-Term+Success&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Association+of+American+Colleges+and+Universities&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aacu.org%2Fpress%2Fpress-releases%2F2015employerstudentsurveys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/highereducation/recognition/lrc_EN.asp">"Lisbon Recognition Convention"</a>. coe.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528140655/https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/highereducation/recognition/lrc_EN.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2019. 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Retrieved 10 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+MBA+Ranking+2017&rft.pub=Rankings.ft.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frankings.ft.com%2Fbusinessschoolrankings%2Fglobal-mba-ranking-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Storia_d'Italia-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higher_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Storia_d'Italia_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Storia d'Italia (in Italian). Vol. 4. 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Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DATA+MAPPING+%E2%80%93+ISCED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisced.uis.unesco.org%2Fdata-mapping%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrick2006" class="citation book cs1">Brick, Jean (2006). "What is academic culture?". Academic Culture: A Student's Guide to Studying at University. Sydney, NSW: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research. pp. 1–10. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74138-135-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74138-135-1"><bdi>978-1-74138-135-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+is+academic+culture%3F&rft.btitle=Academic+Culture%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide+to+Studying+at+University&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pages=1-10&rft.pub=National+Centre+for+English+Language+Teaching+and+Research&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-74138-135-1&rft.aulast=Brick&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370738">#CommitToEducation</a>, 35, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkamelChouthaiwaleYassinAlAjmi2021" class="citation book cs1">Alkamel, Mohammed Adulkareem A.; Chouthaiwale, Santosh S.; Yassin, Amr Abdullatif; AlAjmi, Qasim; Albaadany, Hanan Yahia (March 2021). "Online Testing in Higher Education Institutions During the Outbreak of COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities". In Arpaci, Ibrahim; Al-Emran, Mostafa; Al-Sharafi, Mohammed A.; Marques, Gonçalo (eds.). Emerging Technologies During the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Vol. 348. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham, Switzerland</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springer_Nature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. pp. 349–363. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252F978-3-030-67716-9_22">10.1007/978-3-030-67716-9_22</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-67715-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-67715-2"><bdi>978-3-030-67715-2</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980164">7980164</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232322223">232322223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Online+Testing+in+Higher+Education+Institutions+During+the+Outbreak+of+COVID-19%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.btitle=Emerging+Technologies+During+the+Era+of+COVID-19+Pandemic&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.series=Studies+in+Systems%2C+Decision+and+Control&rft.pages=349-363&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7980164%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232322223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-67716-9_22&rft.isbn=978-3-030-67715-2&rft.aulast=Alkamel&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+Adulkareem+A.&rft.au=Chouthaiwale%2C+Santosh+S.&rft.au=Yassin%2C+Amr+Abdullatif&rft.au=AlAjmi%2C+Qasim&rft.au=Albaadany%2C+Hanan+Yahia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.coe.int/en/web/higher-education-and-research/publications">Council of Europe Higher Education Series</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Higher_education" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Higher education">Higher education</a>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId%3D167%26IF_Language%3Deng">Tertiary education statistics</a>, UNESCO</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/tertiaryeducation.htm">Quality Research International – (Glossary)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ashe.ws/">Association for the Study of Higher Education</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aera.net/">American Educational Research Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20000522113207/http://www.worldbank.org/education/tertiary/">World Bank Tertiary Education</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by <div style="font-weight: bold"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grade_12?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade 12">Grade 12</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grade_13?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade 13">Grade 13</a> </div></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Higher education age varies (usually 18–22)</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by <div style="font-weight: bold"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postgraduate_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link 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class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 15:52 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D9%258A" title="تعليم ثالثي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعليم ثالثي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terci%25C3%25A1rn%25C3%25AD_vzd%25C4%259Bl%25C3%25A1v%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AD" title="Terciární vzdělávání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terciární vzdělávání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terti%25C3%25A4rer_Bildungsbereich" title="Tertiärer Bildungsbereich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tertiärer Bildungsbereich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triaranga_edukado" title="Triaranga edukado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Triaranga edukado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B4_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25DB%258C" title="آموزش دانشگاهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزش دانشگاهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%25EC%25B0%25A8_%25EA%25B5%2590%25EC%259C%25A1" title="3차 교육 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="3차 교육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi" title="Pendidikan tinggi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendidikan tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imfundo_ephakeme" title="Imfundo ephakeme – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imfundo ephakeme" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC3%25E6%259C%259F%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%2595%2599%25E8%2582%25B2" title="第3期の教育 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第3期の教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsimi_terciar" title="Arsimi terciar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsimi terciar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%259A%25D0%25B5" title="Високо образовање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Високо образовање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eftergymnasial_utbildning" title="Eftergymnasial utbildning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eftergymnasial utbildning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="மூன்றாம் நிலைக்கல்வி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் நிலைக்கல்வி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B6%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="อุดมศึกษา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุดมศึกษา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25BCksek%25C3%25B6%25C4%259Fretim" title="Yükseköğretim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yükseköğretim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%25C3%25A1o_d%25E1%25BB%25A5c_b%25E1%25BA%25ADc_cao" title="Giáo dục bậc cao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo dục bậc cao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E6%259C%259F%25E6%2595%2599%25E8%2582%25B2" title="第三期教育 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第三期教育" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 15:52 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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