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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klassificering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassificering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klassificering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassificering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utbredning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utbredning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Utbredning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utbredning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Före_detta_sovjetrepubliker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Före_detta_sovjetrepubliker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Före detta sovjetrepubliker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Före_detta_sovjetrepubliker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Östeuropa_och_Asien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Östeuropa_och_Asien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Östeuropa och Asien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Östeuropa_och_Asien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_och_Västeuropa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_och_Västeuropa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Amerika och Västeuropa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_och_Västeuropa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Översikt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Översikt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Översikt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Översikt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officiell_ställning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officiell_ställning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Officiell ställning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officiell_ställning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Dialekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Alfabet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stavningsreformen_1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stavningsreformen_1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Stavningsreformen 1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stavningsreformen_1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ortografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Fonologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kommentarer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kommentarer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Kommentarer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kommentarer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 253 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-253" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">253 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – kabardinska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – adygeiska" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russies" title="Russies – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – sydaltaiska" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="sydaltaiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="መስኮብኛ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መስኮብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C3%A2kiel%C3%A2" title="Ruošâkielâ – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruošâkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Russisc sprǣc – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аурыс бызшәа – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аурыс бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروسية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo" title="Russo – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰুছ ভাষা – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrusia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Rrusiañe'ẽ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrusiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀурус мацӀ – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурус мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_aru" title="Rusi aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রুশ ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a-g%C3%AD" title="Lō͘-se-a-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урыҫ теле – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урыҫ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktok_Rusia" title="Toktok Rusia – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Toktok Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sproch" title="Russische Sproch – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusianeg" title="Rusianeg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Орос хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Орос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirhashiya" title="Chirhashiya – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روسية – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1agiella" title="Ruoššagiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruoššagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ރޫސީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_bizaad" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Rusojska rěc – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρωσική γλώσσα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ss" title="Róss – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Róss" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кель – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рузонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_lingvo" title="Rusa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان روسی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_bhasa" title="Russi bhasa – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Russiskt mál – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russysk" title="Russysk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisinkoore" title="Riisinkoore – fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Riisinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_russe" title="Lenghe russe – friulianska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe russe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAisis" title="An Rúisis – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooshish" title="Rooshish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruisis" title="Ruisis – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruisis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rusa" title="Lingua rusa – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эрсий мотт – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="رۊسي زوؤن – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Орс келн – kalmuckiska" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орс келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashanci" title="Rashanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rashanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_L%C5%ABkini" title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերեն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Rušćina – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusa linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Ruso" title="Pagsasao a Ruso – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Ruso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russe" title="Lingua russe – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua russe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ" title="Russ – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russ" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusitun_uqautchiq" title="Uruusitun uqautchiq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уырыссаг æвзаг – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыссаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiRashiya" title="IsiRashiya – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רוסית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ruslan" title="Basa Ruslan – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ენა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روٗسی زَبان – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Rusczi jãzëk – kasjubiska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rusczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russek" title="Russek – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusiya" title="Kirusiya – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kirusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusia" title="Kirusia – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kirusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiava" title="Rossiava – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossiava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_ris" title="Lang ris – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang ris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ris" title="Ris – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_r%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Zimanê rûsî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê rûsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Орус тили – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орус тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Руш йӹлмӹ – västmariska" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руш йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="västmariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rus" title="Lingaz rus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Оьрус маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оьрус маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvu_vol%C5%ABda" title="Krīvu volūda – lettgalliska" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="lettgalliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Russica" title="Lingua Russica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch" title="Russesch – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урус чӀал – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урус чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ruscia" title="Lengua ruscia – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusce_(lingua)" title="Rusce (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27an_kieli" title="Ven'an kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'an kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukybau" title="rukybau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz_nyelv" title="Orosz nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_rosiana" title="Fiteny rosiana – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rosiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Russa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABhia" title="Reo Rūhia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ნინა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="روسى – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Rusia" title="Bahaso Rusia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рузонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रुसी भाषा – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ロシア語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – napolitanska" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Оьрсийн мотт – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оьрсийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCsk_spriak" title="Rüsk spriak – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusum" title="Rusum – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Руш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_R%C3%BAso" title="Salitan Rúso – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Rúso" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiya_a_Sowal" title="Rosiya a Sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rosiya a Sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روسي ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshan_languij" title="Roshan languij – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roshan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – komi-permjakiska" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_russa" title="Lenga russa – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga russa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Rasia" title="Tok Rasia – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Spraak" title="Russische Spraak – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rosyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABtia" title="Reo Rūtia – tahitiska" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusikani_chhib" title="Rusikani chhib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – rätoromanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rätoromanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusu_simi" title="Rusu simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Російскый язык – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Русский язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нуучча тыла – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуучча тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Rusia" title="Faʻa Rusia – samoanska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसीभाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूसीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_russa" title="Limba russa – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba russa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie_leid" title="Roushie leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serussian" title="Serussian – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serussian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روسي ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ruščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – kyrkslaviska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkslaviska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ruskŏ gŏdka – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ruskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ruush" title="Af-Ruush – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ruush" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕووسی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusitongo" title="Rusitongo – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusitongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски језик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kieli" title="Venäjän kieli – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ruso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tarusit" title="Tutlayt Tarusit – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_tarusit" title="Tutlayt tarusit – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_russe" title="Lènga russe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga russe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рус теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="రష్యన్ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-rusu" title="Lia-rusu – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-rusu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони русӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони русӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hk%C8%AFhehetanetse" title="Náhkȯhehetanetse – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Náhkȯhehetanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshiya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Roshiya (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshiya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Орус дыл – tuviniska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Орус дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Ӟуч кыл – udmurtiska" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟуч кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Російська мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روسی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رۇس تىلى – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_rusa" title="Łéngua rusa – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua rusa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4n_kel%27" title="Venän kel' – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venän kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Rusänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinne_kiil" title="Vinne kiil – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinne kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsse_(lingaedje)" title="Rûsse (lingaedje) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsse (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רוסיש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Èdè Rọ́síà – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski" title="Ruski – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruski" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosu_kalba" title="Rosu kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Rusia" title="Hata Rusia – batak-toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak-toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rus" title="Basa Rus – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Rus" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Rusia" title="Saro Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Rusia" title="Boros Rusia – centraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="centraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Rusia" title="Jaku Rusia – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusiya" title="Basa Rusiya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi_zyvon" title="Urusi zyvon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Ryska" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Ryska" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&oldid=56875417" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ryska"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ryska&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2009-06)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Ryska" title="Diskussion:Ryska">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Ryska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;">русский язык</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="    Länder där ryska är officiellt språk     Länder där ryska talas allmänt men inte är officiellt språk"><img alt="    Länder där ryska är officiellt språk     Länder där ryska talas allmänt men inte är officiellt språk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/250px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/330px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/500px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> <div style=""><span style="background-color:#000080; color:; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;">    </span>Länder där ryska är officiellt språk <br /> <span style="background-color:#008080; color:; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;">    </span>Länder där ryska talas allmänt men inte är officiellt språk</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland"><img alt="Ryssland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina"><img alt="Ukraina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan"><img alt="Kazakstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien"><img alt="Moldavien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/60px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oberoende_staters_samv%C3%A4lde" title="Oberoende staters samvälde"><img alt="Oberoende staters samvälde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/OSS" class="mw-redirect" title="OSS">OSS</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien"><img alt="Georgien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Rumänien"><img alt="Rumänien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Rumänien">Rumänien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen"><img alt="Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland"><img alt="Lettland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland"><img alt="Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen"><img alt="Litauen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet"><img alt="Mongoliet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet">Mongoliet</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina"><img alt="Kina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien"><img alt="Brasilien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien"><img alt="Australien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard"><img alt="Svalbard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway_%28ef2b2d_for_red_%26_002868_for_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea"><img alt="Nordkorea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea">Nordkorea</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien"><img alt="Tjeckien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien">Tjeckien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakien" title="Slovakien"><img alt="Slovakien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakien" title="Slovakien">Slovakien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern"><img alt="Ungern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern">Ungern</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland"><img alt="Grekland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet"><img alt="Turkiet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">Turkiet</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien"><img alt="Bulgarien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjan" title="Azerbajdzjan"><img alt="Azerbajdzjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjan" title="Azerbajdzjan">Azerbajdzjan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/%C3%96steuropa" title="Östeuropa">Östeuropa</a> och <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">167 miljoner<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Status</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsspr%C3%A5k" title="Världsspråk">Världsspråk</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">Indoeuropeiska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviska språk">Slaviska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Östslaviska språk">Östslaviska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ryska</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></div></div></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Kyrilliska_alfabetet" title="Kyrilliska alfabetet">Kyrilliska alfabetet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Officiell status</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Officiellt språk i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland"><img alt="Ryssland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vitryssland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitryssland">Vitryssland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan"><img alt="Kazakstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan"><img alt="Kirgizistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna"><img alt="Förenta nationerna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna">Förenta nationerna</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oberoende_staters_samv%C3%A4lde" title="Oberoende staters samvälde"><img alt="Oberoende staters samvälde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/OSS" class="mw-redirect" title="OSS">OSS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Utbrytarstat" title="Utbrytarstat">Utbrytarstater</a>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien"><img alt="Transnistrien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien">Transnistrien</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a>)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sydossetien" title="Sydossetien"><img alt="Sydossetien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sydossetien" title="Sydossetien">Sydossetien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abchazien" title="Abchazien"><img alt="Abchazien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abchazien" title="Abchazien">Abchazien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Athos" title="Athos"><img alt="Athos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox_Church.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athos" title="Athos">Athos</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkmyndighet</th><td class="" style="">-</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐1</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ru">ru</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=379">rus</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rus" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:rus">rus</a></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th><td class="" style="">RUS</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ryska</b> (ryska: русский язык, <i>russkij jazyk</i>, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">['ru.skʲɪj jɪ.'zɨk]</a></span>) är ett <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Östslaviska språk">östslaviskt språk</a> och det största av de <a href="/wiki/Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviska språk">slaviska språken</a>. Det talas främst i <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a> samt i tidigare <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovjetrepublik" title="Sovjetrepublik">delrepubliker</a>, såsom <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>. Efter omfattande emigrationer sedan 1990-talet finns numera även stora rysktalande populationer i <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (utvandrade <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazer" title="Ashkenazer">ashkenaziska</a> <a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Judar">judar</a>) och <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> (så kallade <a href="/wiki/Volgatyskar" title="Volgatyskar">Volgatyskar</a>, ättlingar till de <a href="/wiki/Tyskar" title="Tyskar">tyskar</a> som hämtades till Ryssland av <a href="/wiki/Katarina_II_av_Ryssland" title="Katarina II av Ryssland">Katarina den stora</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ne_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryskan skrivs med en variant av det <a href="/wiki/Kyrilliska_alfabetet" title="Kyrilliska alfabetet">kyrilliska alfabetet</a>. Bevarade skrifter på östslaviska finns från 900-talet och framåt. Ryskan behåller mycket av östslavisk <a href="/wiki/Syntetiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Syntetiska språk">syntetisk</a> böjningsstruktur och slaviskt ordförråd, men har i sin nutida form även många lånord i ämnen som politik, vetenskap och teknik. </p><p>Ryskan räknas till den östslaviska språkgruppen, men den <a href="/wiki/Sydslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydslaviska språk">sydslaviska</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyrkslaviska" title="Kyrkslaviska">kyrkslaviskan</a> har under långa perioder haft stort inflytande över ryskans utveckling, och har påverkat såväl dess <a href="/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik">grammatik</a> som dess ordförråd.<sup id="cite_ref-ne_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klassificering">Klassificering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Klassificering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Klassificering"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryska är ett <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Östslaviska språk">östligt</a> <a href="/wiki/Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviska språk">slaviskt språk</a> inom den <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">indoeuropeiska språkfamiljen</a>, som även innefattar <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska" title="Ukrainska">ukrainskan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Vitryska" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitryska">belarusiskan</a>, och ofta också <a href="/wiki/Karpatorusinska" title="Karpatorusinska">karpatorusinskan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Talspr%C3%A5k" title="Talspråk">Talspråket</a> är närmast släkt med belarusiska, ukrainska och <a href="/wiki/Bulgariska" title="Bulgariska">bulgariska</a> (som dock är <a href="/wiki/Sydslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydslaviska språk">sydslaviskt</a>). </p><p>Ryskans grundläggande ordförråd, ordbildningsprinciper och, i viss mån, böjningar och litterära stil har påverkats kraftigt av <a href="/wiki/Kyrkslaviska" title="Kyrkslaviska">kyrkslaviska</a>, en språkform som utvecklats ur den <a href="/wiki/Sydslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydslaviska språk">sydslaviska</a> <a href="/wiki/Fornkyrkoslaviska" title="Fornkyrkoslaviska">fornkyrkoslaviskan</a> och som används av <a href="/wiki/Ryska_ortodoxa_kyrkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryska ortodoxa kyrkan">ryska ortodoxa kyrkan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ne_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Många ord i nutida ryskt skriftspråk ligger närmare modern <a href="/wiki/Bulgariska" title="Bulgariska">bulgariska</a> än ukrainska eller belarusiska. De östslaviska ordformerna har dock ofta bevarats i de olika dialekterna, som snabbt minskar i användning. I vissa fall används både de östslaviska och de kyrkslaviska formerna, med något olika betydelser. </p><p>Förutom av kyrkslaviskan har ryskans ordförråd och litterära stil påverkats starkt av <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG/400px-Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG/600px-Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Kunskaper i ryska i de olika före detta sovjetrepublikerna. Rött: aktiv användning, gult: endast förståelse. Siffror från 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredning">Utbredning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utbredning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utbredning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Före_detta_sovjetrepubliker"><span id="F.C3.B6re_detta_sovjetrepubliker"></span>Före detta sovjetrepubliker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Före detta sovjetrepubliker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Före detta sovjetrepubliker"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryska talas främst i <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a> och, i lägre grad, i de andra länder som en gång var delrepubliker i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. Till <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> var ryskan det enda officiella språket i <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland">Kejsardömet Ryssland</a>. Under den sovjetiska perioden varierade politiken gentemot de språk som talades av de olika andra etniska grupperna. Fastän varje sovjetrepublik hade sitt eget officiella språk hade ryskan en enande roll och den högsta ställningen. Efter Sovjetunionens upplösning <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> har flera av de nyblivna självständiga staterna uppmuntrat sina inhemska språk, vilket delvis har upphävt ryskans privilegierade ställning. Dess roll som språket för postsovjetisk samvaro i regionen har dock fortsatt. </p><p>Ryska talas av en majoritet av befolkningen i delar av östra och södra <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, bland annat på den av Ryssland annekterade <a href="/wiki/Krim" title="Krim">Krimhalvön och</a> i <a href="/wiki/Donbass" class="mw-redirect" title="Donbass">Donbass</a>. Sedan Ukrainas självständighet har de styrande valt att prioritera nationalspråket ukrainska – enda officiellt språk<sup id="cite_ref-neukrspr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neukrspr-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – inom utbildning och administration. Däremot är en stor del av befolkningen tvåspråkig, och ryska massmedier – inte minst på Internet<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – har stor spridning även i Ukraina. Även i <a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a> (inte minst i utbrytarrepubliken <a href="/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien">Transnistrien</a>) och <a href="/wiki/Vitryssland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitryssland">Belarus</a> har ryskan än idag stor utbredning. I det självständiga Belarus är ryska de facto nationalspråk, och belarusiska används endast av en minoritet av invånarna. Ryska talas i <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a> av två tredjedelar av befolkningen, som i slättlandet i norr till stora delar härstammar från andra delar av <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Ryssland" title="Kejsardömet Ryssland">Kejsardömet Ryssland</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a> är den ryska aktiva användningen ungefär på samma nivå som i Armenien. Knappt en femtedel av befolkningen i <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tadzjikistan" title="Tadzjikistan">Tadzjikistan</a> talar ryska, medan under fem procent är rysktalande i <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a>, där cirka en tredjedel av befolkningen är ryskspråkig, har ryskans ställning och användande i skolor debatterats mycket. De rysktalande har mestadels invandrat från Ryssland och andra delar av dåvarande Sovjetunionen efter andra världskriget, då ryska var officiellt språk i hela Sovjetunionen. 2012 hölls en folkomröstning om att göra ryska till officiellt språk i landet, vid sidan av lettiskan. 75 procent av de röstande var dock emot förslaget.<sup id="cite_ref-nelettlsprak_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelettlsprak-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> utgör de som invandrat under sovjettiden samt deras ryskspråkiga barn ungefär en fjärdedel av befolkningen. Estniska är officiellt språk i landet sedan 1989, men språklagstiftningen gör att man i orter där ryssarna utgör majoriteten (som i <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>) kan använda ryska inom administrationen.<sup id="cite_ref-neestlspr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neestlspr-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En mycket mindre ryskspråkig minoritet i <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> har till stor del assimilerats under årtiondet sedan självständigheten och utgör för närvarande mindre än en tiondel av landets totala befolkning. </p><p>I de före detta sovjetrepublikerna i <a href="/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien">Kaukasien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Centralasien" title="Centralasien">Centralasien</a> ser situationen olika ut för olika länder. I Georgien och <a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a> talar cirka en tredjedel av befolkningen ryska, medan motsvarande siffra i <a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjan" title="Azerbajdzjan">Azerbajdzjan</a> är en knapp fjärdedel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Östeuropa_och_Asien"><span id=".C3.96steuropa_och_Asien"></span>Östeuropa och Asien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Östeuropa och Asien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Östeuropa och Asien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På 1900-talet lärdes ryska ut i skolorna i <a href="/wiki/Warszawapakten" title="Warszawapakten">Warszawapaktens</a> medlemsländer och andra kommunistiska länder som tidigare var satellitstater till Sovjetunionen, särskilt i <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jugoslavien" title="Jugoslavien">Jugoslavien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tjeckoslovakien" title="Tjeckoslovakien">Tjeckoslovakien</a>. De yngre generationerna kan vanligen inte ryska flytande, eftersom det inte längre är obligatoriskt i skolan. I många länder i <a href="/wiki/Centralasien" title="Centralasien">Centralasien</a> är ryskan fortfarande ett viktigt språk; det är ett av de officiella språken i <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a> och det beräknas att det i det förstnämnda kan talas av omkring 80 % av befolkningen. Tidigare, och i mindre utsträckning även fortfarande, har ryska lärts ut i asiatiska länder som <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet">Mongoliet</a> på grund av det sovjetiska inflytandet, och det används fortfarande som ett <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> av olika folkgrupper. </p><p>Ryska talas också i <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> av åtminstone 750 000 <a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Judar">judiska</a> immigranter från före detta Sovjetunionen (enligt folkräkningen 1999). Israeliska medier publicerar regelbundet material på ryska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_och_Västeuropa"><span id="Amerika_och_V.C3.A4steuropa"></span>Amerika och Västeuropa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Amerika och Västeuropa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Amerika och Västeuropa"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stora ryskspråkiga gemenskaper finns också i <a href="/wiki/Nordamerika" title="Nordamerika">Nordamerika</a> (särskilt i stora stadscentra i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> som <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> och <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>). I de första två finns över en halv miljon ryskspråkiga. På ett antal platser ger de ut egna tidningar och bor i självförsörjande områden (särskilt den generation invandrare som började anlända i början av 1960-talet). Endast ungefär en fjärdedel av dem är etniska ryssar. Före Sovjetunionens upplösning var den överväldigande majoriteten ryskspråkiga judar. Efter ökningen av invandring från före detta Sovjetunionen ändrades proportionerna något. Enligt folkräkningen i USA år 2000 talades ryska i hemmet av 1,5 % av befolkningen, eller ungefär 4,2 miljoner, vilket gör det till det tionde mest talade språket i USA. </p><p>Stora rysktalande grupper finns även i Västeuropa. Dessa har utökats i flera omgångar av invandringsvågor sedan början av 1900-talet. <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a> har betydande ryskspråkiga grupper som totalt utgör 3 miljoner människor. Två tredjedelar av dem är faktiskt ryskspråkiga avkomlingar till <a href="/wiki/Tyskar" title="Tyskar">tyskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greker" title="Greker">greker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Judar">judar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenier" title="Armenier">armenier</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ukrainare" title="Ukrainare">ukrainare</a> som antingen bosatte sig i släktens ursprungsland när Sovjetunionen fallit ihop eller bara söker tillfällig sysselsättning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Översikt"><span id=".C3.96versikt"></span>Översikt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Översikt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Översikt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidigare brukade ryska emigranters avkomlingar förlora ryskan i den tredje generationen. Nu när gränserna är öppnare är det troligt<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2014-01)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> att ryskan överlever längre, särskilt som många emigranter besöker sina hemländer regelbundet och även ser ryskspråkig TV. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/400px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/600px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/800px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Länder där ryska talas</figcaption></figure> <p>Nyligen utförda uppskattningar av det totala antalet ryskspråkiga: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#BFFFD0">Källa</th> <th style="background:#BFFFD0">Modersmålstalare</th> <th style="background:#BFFFD0">Modersmål rankning</th> <th style="background:#BFFFD0">Totalt antal talare</th> <th style="background:#BFFFD0">Total rankning </th></tr> <tr> <td>G. Weber, "Top Languages",<br /><i>Language Monthly</i>,<br />3: 12–18, 1997, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1369-9733" title="Special:Bokkällor/1369-9733">1369-9733</a></td> <td>160 miljoner</td> <td>8</td> <td>285 miljoner</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>World Almanac (1999)</td> <td>145 miljoner</td> <td>8 (2005)</td> <td>275 miljoner</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SIL (2000 WCD)</td> <td>145 miljoner</td> <td>8</td> <td>255 miljoner</td> <td>5–6 (oavgjort med arabiska) </td></tr> <tr> <td>CIA World Factbook (2005)</td> <td>160 miljoner</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officiell_ställning"><span id="Officiell_st.C3.A4llning"></span>Officiell ställning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Officiell ställning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Officiell ställning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryssland har uppmanat att ryska skall få officiell status i alla <a href="/wiki/OSS" class="mw-redirect" title="OSS">OSS</a> medlemsstater. Än så länge är ryska officiellt språk i fyra av dess stater: Ryssland, <a href="/wiki/Vitryssland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitryssland">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a>. Ryska är även ansett som ett officiellt språk i regionen <a href="/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien">Transnistrien</a>, såväl som i den autonoma regionen <a href="/wiki/Gagauzien" title="Gagauzien">Gagauzien</a> i <a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a>. <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Janukovytj" title="Viktor Janukovytj">Viktor Janukovytj</a>, den proryska presidentkandidaten i det kontroversiella <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_Ukraina_2004" title="Presidentvalet i Ukraina 2004">presidentvalet i Ukraina 2004</a>, deklarerade hans avsikt att göra ryska till ett andra officiellt språk i Ukraina. Dock gjorde vinnaren <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Jusjtjenko" title="Viktor Jusjtjenko">Viktor Jusjtjenko</a> inte så eftersom han var närmare allierad med den <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska" title="Ukrainska">ukrainsktalande</a> befolkningen. Viktor Janukovytj vann <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_Ukraina_2010" title="Presidentvalet i Ukraina 2010">presidentvalet i Ukraina 2010</a> och hade fortfarande för avsikt att göra ryska till ett andra officiellt språk. </p><p>Ryska är ett av de sex officiella språken i <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialekter">Dialekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Dialekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Dialekter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trots att en utjämning skett efter 1900, särskilt vad gäller ordförrådet, återstår ett stort antal dialekter i Ryssland. Vissa språkforskare indelar de ryska dialekterna i två huvudsakliga regionala grupperingar, "nordliga" och "sydliga", med <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> i övergångszonen mellan de två. Andra delar in språket i tre dialektgrupper, nordlig, central och sydlig, med Moskva i den centrala regionen. </p><p>Dialekterna uppvisar ofta distinkta avvikelser från standard vad gäller uttal och intonation, ordförråd och grammatik. En del av dessa är kvarlevor av äldre språkbruk som nu fullständigt försvunnit i standardspråket. </p><p>Typiskt för de nordliga dialekterna är att obetonat <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/o/</span> till skillnad från i standardspråket uttalas tydligt (fenomenet kallas okanje <i>оканье</i>). I de sydliga dialekterna palataliseras slut-<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/t/</span> och <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɡ/</span> uttalas <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/h/</span>. Vissa av dessa drag finns också i nutida ukrainska, vilket antyder ett språkligt kontinuum eller starkt inflytande åt det ena eller andra hållet. </p><p>En av de första som studerade ryska dialekter var <a href="/wiki/Michail_Lomonosov" title="Michail Lomonosov">Michail Lomonosov</a> på 1700-talet. På 1800-talet sammanställde <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dal" title="Vladimir Dal">Vladimir Dal</a> den första ordboken som inbegrep dialektalt ordförråd. Detaljerad kartläggning av ryska dialekter påbörjades vid sekelskiftet 1900. Den stora <i>Dialektologiska atlasen över ryska språket</i> (Диалектологический атлас русского языка, <i>Dialektologitjeskij atlas russkogo jazyka</i>, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/dʲəʌˈlʲektəlʌˈɡʲiʨəskʲəj ˈatləs ˈruskəvə jəzɨˈka/</span>) publicerades i tre foliovolymer 1986–1989 efter fyra årtionden av förberedande arbete. </p><p>Standardspråket är baserat på Moskvadialekten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Alfabet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ryska_alfabetet" title="Ryska alfabetet">Ryska alfabetet</a></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rysk_text.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rysk_text.jpg/250px-Rysk_text.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rysk_text.jpg/500px-Rysk_text.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Rysk tryckt text från år 1824. I stavningen förekommer bokstäverna <b>ѣ</b> (jat) och <b>i</b>, som avskaffades i och med stavningsreformen 1918, och bokstaven <b>ъ</b> (jer) användes i slutet av varje med konsonant avslutade ord.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ryska skrivs med ett <a href="/wiki/Kyrilliska_alfabetet" title="Kyrilliska alfabetet">kyrilliskt alfabet</a> och består av 33 bokstäver. </p><p>Följande tabell ger alfabetets stora bokstäver med <a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">IPA</a>-värden för varje bokstavs ljud: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>А<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/a/</span></td> <td>Б<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/b/</span></td> <td>В<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/v/</span></td> <td>Г<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/g/</span></td> <td>Д<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/d/</span></td> <td>Е<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/jɛ/</span></td> <td>Ё<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/jo/</span></td> <td>Ж<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʐ/</span></td> <td>З<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/z/</span></td> <td>И<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/i/</span></td> <td>Й<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/j/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>К<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/k/</span></td> <td>Л<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/l/</span></td> <td>М<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/m/</span></td> <td>Н<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/n/</span></td> <td>О<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/o/</span></td> <td>П<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/p/</span></td> <td>Р<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/r/</span></td> <td>С<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/s/</span></td> <td>Т<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/t/</span></td> <td>У<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/u/</span></td> <td>Ф<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/f/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Х<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/x/</span></td> <td>Ц<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʦ/</span></td> <td>Ч<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʨ/</span></td> <td>Ш<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʂ/</span></td> <td>Щ <br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɕː/</span></td> <td>Ъ<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ˠ/</span></td> <td>Ы<br /> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɨ/</span></td> <td>Ь<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʲ/</span></td> <td>Э<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɛ/</span></td> <td>Ю<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ju/</span></td> <td>Я<br /><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ja/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tecknen <b>ъ</b> och <b>ь</b> uttalades ursprungligen som <i>ultra-korta</i> eller <i>reducerade</i> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ŭ/</span>, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ĭ/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stavningsreformen_1918">Stavningsreformen 1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Stavningsreformen 1918" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Stavningsreformen 1918"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fram till år 1918 innehöll det ryska alfabetet ytterligare fyra bokstäver: </p> <ul><li><span class="Unicode"><b>ѣ</b></span> (kallad <i>jat</i>) med uttalet <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ie/</span> eller <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/e/</span>, ersatt av bokstaven <b>e</b></li> <li><b>і</b> med uttalet <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/i/</span> , ersatt av <b>и</b>, användes som alternativ till <b>и</b> framför annan vokal eller <b>й</b> samt för att undvika ihopblandning av ord som idag stavas likadant, till exempel <i>миръ</i> <i>( "mir", fred)</i> och <i>мiръ ( också "mir", värld)</i> vilka idag bägge stavas <i>мир.</i></li> <li><b>ө</b> (kallad <i>fita</i>) med uttalet /f/, ersatt av <b>ф</b></li> <li><b>ѵ</b> (kallad <i>izjitsa</i>) var en extremt ovanlig bokstav som uttalades som ett slags i-ljud.</li> <li>Alla ord som inte slutade i vokal eller <b>ь</b> stavades med <b>ъ</b> på slutet, till exempel <i>онъ ("on", han)</i> som idag stavas <i>он</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ortografi">Ortografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ortografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ortografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rysk stavning är jämförelsevis ljudenlig i praktiken. Den utgör en balans mellan <a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik">fonetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">morfologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etymologi" title="Etymologi">etymologi</a> och grammatik och har, liksom de flesta levande språks stavning, en del motsägelser och kontroversiella inslag. Till de vanligaste hör att bokstaven <b>г</b> (translittererat <i>g</i>) i pronomen som <b>его</b> och genitivsuffix som <b>-его/-ого</b> uttalas [v]. </p><p>Den nuvarande stavningen följer den stora reformen 1918 och den slutliga kodifieringen 1956. Den grundar sig på en standardisering av stavningen som <a href="/wiki/Filolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Filolog">filologen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Karlovitj_Grot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakov Karlovitj Grot">Jakov Karlovitj Grot</a> tog fram på 1800-talet. En uppdatering som föreslogs i slutet av 1990-talet har fått ett fientligt mottagande och har inte formellt blivit antagen. </p><p>Accenter används aldrig i vanlig text men alltid i ordböcker (och i en del läseböcker för nybörjare) för att markera tryckaccent: мо́ре, моря́ (ett hav, flera hav). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_kommatering" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatisk kommatering">Kommateringen</a>, som ursprungligen baserats på <a href="/wiki/Bysantinska_riket" title="Bysantinska riket">bysantinsk</a> grekiska, omformulerades på 1600- och 1700-talen efter franskan och tyskan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fonologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryskans fonologiska system har ärvts från <a href="/wiki/Samslaviska" class="mw-redirect" title="Samslaviska">samslaviskan</a>, men genomgått betydande ändringar under den tidiga historiska perioden, tills det i stort sett fick sin nuvarande form runt 1400. Språket har fem vokaler, vilka skrivs med olika bokstäver beroende på om den föregående konsonanten är <a href="/wiki/Palatalisering" title="Palatalisering">palataliserad</a> eller ej. Konsonanterna förekommer normalt i par: en icke-palataliserad och en palataliserad, vilka traditionellt beskrivs som <i>hårda</i> och <i>mjuka.</i> De 'hårda' konsonanterna är ofta <a href="/wiki/Velarisering" title="Velarisering">velariserade</a>, men vissa dialekter velariserar bara <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/l/</span> i sådana positioner. Standardspråket, som baseras på Moskvadialekten, har stark <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tryckaccent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tryckaccent [inte skriven än]">tryckaccent</a> och måttfull variation i tonhöjd. Stavelsebetoningen är inte fast och utmärkes inte i ortografin. Betonade vokaler är något förlängda, medan obetonade vokaler (utom <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/u/</span>) "reduceras", det vill säga bildar ett system med färre oppositioner. Sålunda uttalas /a/ och /o/ i obetonad ställning på samma sätt: ordinitialt och efter hård konsonant närmast före betonad stavelse som [ʌ], eljest som ett <a href="/wiki/Schwa" title="Schwa">schwa</a>. Efter mjuk konsonant sammanfaller alla obetonade vokaler utom /u/ i ett kort i-ljud. </p><p>Den ryska <a href="/wiki/Stavelse" title="Stavelse">stavelsestrukturen</a> kan vara ganska komplex med både initiala och finala <a href="/wiki/Konsonantkluster" title="Konsonantkluster">konsonantkluster</a> på upp till 4 konsonanter. Med en formel där V står för stavelsens kärna (vokal) och K för varje konsonant kan strukturen beskrivas som följer: </p><p>(K)(K)(K)(K)V(K)(K)(K)(K) </p><p>Exempel på ord med fyra konsonanter i följd: встреча ("möte"), удобств (genitiv plural av удобство, "bekvämlighet"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; line-height: 1.2em; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; :inherit; font-size: 110%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 80%;"> <td>  </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_konsonant" title="Bilabial konsonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_konsonant" title="Labiodental konsonant">Labio<br />dental</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Dental_konsonant" title="Dental konsonant">Dental</a> och<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_konsonant" title="Alveolar konsonant">alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_konsonant" title="Postalveolar konsonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_konsonant" title="Palatal konsonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#BFFFD0"><a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" title="Velar konsonant">Velar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Klusil" title="Klusil">Klusiler</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">p<br />pʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">b<br />bʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t<br />tʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">d<br />dʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">k</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɡ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">Affrikator</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʦ<br /> </span> </td> <td>  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;"> <br />ʨ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Frikativa" title="Frikativa">Frikativor</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">f<br />fʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">v<br />vʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">s<br />sʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">z<br />zʲ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʂ<br />ɕ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʐ<br />ʑ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">x</span> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_konsonant" title="Nasal konsonant">Nasaler</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">m<br />mʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">n<br />nʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Flapp" title="Flapp">Flappar</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">r<br />rʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximanter</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɫ<br />lʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">j</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ryska utmärker sig genom sin distinktion efter palatalisering för de flesta konsonanterna. Medan /k/, /g/, /x/ har palataliserade <a href="/wiki/Allofon" title="Allofon">allofoner</a> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]</span> kan bara <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/kʲ/</span> möjligen ses som ett fonem, fastän det är marginellt och i allmänhet inte anses distinktivt. Palatalisering betyder att mitten av tungan höjs under och efter konsonantens artikulering. I fallet med <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/tʲ/ och /dʲ/</span> höjs tungan tillräckligt för att orsaka en svag frikation (affrikator). <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/t, d, ʦ, s, z, n och r/)</span> är <a href="/wiki/Dental_konsonant" title="Dental konsonant">dentala</a>, det vill säga uttalade med tungan mot tänderna snarare än mot <a href="/wiki/Tandvall" title="Tandvall">tandvallen</a>. </p><p>Det bör observeras att de palataliserade postalveolara frikativorna ɕ och ʑ alltid uttalas som långa konsonantljud. Många har därför velat betrakta vart och ett av dem som en fonetisk realisation av två andra, "sammansmälta", fonem, detta trots att ljudet ɕ ofta representeras av <i>en</i> bokstav - щ. Med en sådan analys blir antalet konsonantfonem i ryskan 32. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Rysk_grammatik" title="Rysk grammatik">Rysk grammatik</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Den nutida ryskan har behållit mycket av samslaviskans <a href="/wiki/Syntetiskt_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntetiskt språk">syntetiska</a> karaktär. </p><p>I nominal<a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6jning_(grammatik)" title="Böjning (grammatik)">böjningen</a> finns två <a href="/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus">numerus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Singular" class="mw-redirect" title="Singular">singular</a> och <a href="/wiki/Plural" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural">plural</a>), tre <a href="/wiki/Genus_(spr%C3%A5kvetenskap)" title="Genus (språkvetenskap)">genus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maskulinum" title="Maskulinum">maskulinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Femininum" title="Femininum">femininum</a> och <a href="/wiki/Neutrum" title="Neutrum">neutrum</a>) och sex <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ackusativ" title="Ackusativ">ackusativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis">instrumentalis</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lokativ" title="Lokativ">lokativ</a>). <a href="/wiki/Vokativ" title="Vokativ">Vokativ</a> finns bevarad för vissa ord och namn av religiös betydelse, som <i>Боже</i> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/'boʒə/</span> "Gud", etcetera. <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">Adjektiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a> och de första två kardinaltalen varierar också efter genus. Fornryska hade ett tredje numerus, <a href="/wiki/Dualis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualis">dualis</a>, men förutom att det används i nominativ och ackusativ med talen två, tre och fyra (till exempel <b>два стула</b> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/dva 'stulə/</span>, "två stolar", nuförtiden omkategoriserat som genitiv singular), har den försvunnit. Det finns tre deklinationstyper i ryskan. Den första deklinationen används för maskulina och neutrala substantiv. Den andra deklinationen används för de flesta feminina substantiv. Den tredje deklinationen används för feminina substantiv som slutar på <b>ь</b> och för neutrala substantiv som slutar på <b>мя</b>. </p><p>Verben böjs i tre <a href="/wiki/Person_(grammatik)" title="Person (grammatik)">personer</a> och två numerus. Verb uppträder oftast i så kallade aspektpar (<i>perfektiv</i> resp. <i>imperfektiv</i>), där <a href="/wiki/Aspekt" title="Aspekt">aspekten</a> kompletterar de fåtaliga <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tempusformerna</a>. Böjningen i såväl kasus som tempus sker genom tillägg av böjnings<a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>. </p><p>Också inom ordbildningen är suffixen, liksom <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixen</a>, vanliga. Särskilt utmärkande och använda är de så kallade <a href="/wiki/Diminutiv" title="Diminutiv">diminutivsuffixen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rysk_litteratur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rysk litteratur">Rysk litteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryska_namn" title="Ryska namn">Ryska namn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ryskt_namnskick" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryskt namnskick">ryskt namnskick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padonki-slang" title="Padonki-slang">Padonki-slang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kommentarer">Kommentarer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kommentarer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kommentarer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56657865">.mw-parser-output .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .skin-minerva .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}</style><div class="fotnotslista" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ryskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Ryskspråkiga Wikipedia">Ryskspråkiga Wikipedia</a> hade exempelvis 2010/2011 betydligt större ukrainsk läsarandel än vad <a href="/wiki/Ukrainskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Ukrainskspråkiga Wikipedia">ukrainskspråkiga Wikipedia</a> då hade.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFLewis,_M._Paul_(red.)2009">Lewis, M. Paul (red.) (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rus">”Russian – A language of Russian Federation”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rus">http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rus</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 januari 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Russian+%E2%80%93+A+language+of+Russian+Federation&rft.atitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World%2C+Sixteenth+edition.+Dallas%2C+Tex.%3A+SIL+International.+Online+version&rft.aulast=Lewis%2C+M.+Paul+%28red.%29&rft.au=Lewis%2C+M.+Paul+%28red.%29&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Frus&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ryska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ne-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ne_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ne_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ne_2-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/lang/ryska">"ryska".</a> NE.se. Läst 10 januari 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Русский язык в мире: современное состояние и тенденции распространения. Вып. 3. — М.: Центр социального прогнозирования, 2005. — 312 с. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(ryska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neukrspr-4"><a href="#cite_ref-neukrspr_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ukraina/spr%C3%A5k">"Ukraina – språk".</a> NE.se. Läst 10 januari 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryBreakdown.htm">Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report - Wikipedia Page Views Per Country</a> This analysis is based on a 1:1000 sampled server log (squids). Period 04/2010 - 03/2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nelettlsprak-7"><a href="#cite_ref-nelettlsprak_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/lettland/spr%C3%A5k">"Lettland – språk".</a> NE.se. Läst 10 januari 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neestlspr-8"><a href="#cite_ref-neestlspr_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/estland/spr%C3%A5k">"Estland – språk".</a> NE.se. Läst 10 januari 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryska&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Ryska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible auto" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mall:Slaviska språk"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviska språk">Slaviska språk</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Historiska begrepp</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Samslaviska" class="mw-redirect" title="Samslaviska">Samslaviska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Fornkyrkoslaviska" title="Fornkyrkoslaviska">fornkyrkoslaviska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Glagolitiska_alfabetet" title="Glagolitiska alfabetet">glagolitiska alfabetet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrilliska_alfabetet" title="Kyrilliska alfabetet">kyrilliska alfabetet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrillos" title="Kyrillos">Kyrillos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Methodios" title="Methodios">Methodios</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Västslaviska språk">Västslaviska</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kasjubiska" title="Kasjubiska">Kasjubiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Polabiska" title="Polabiska">polabiska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">polska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Schlesiska" title="Schlesiska">schlesiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakiska" title="Slovakiska">slovakiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sorbiska" title="Sorbiska">sorbiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska" title="Tjeckiska">tjeckiska</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Östslaviska språk">Östslaviska</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Forn%C3%B6stslaviska" title="Fornöstslaviska">Fornöstslaviska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammalnovgorodska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammalnovgorodska [inte skriven än]">gammalnovgorodska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ryska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ukrainska" title="Ukrainska">ukrainska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Belarusiska" title="Belarusiska">belarusiska/vitryska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarasjkevitsa" title="Tarasjkevitsa">tarasjkevitsa</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Sydslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydslaviska språk">Sydslaviska</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrkslaviska" title="Kyrkslaviska">Kyrkslaviska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydvästslaviska språk">sydvästslaviska</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bosniska" title="Bosniska">bosniska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kroatiska" title="Kroatiska">kroatiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Montenegrinska" title="Montenegrinska">montenegrinska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Serbiska" title="Serbiska">serbiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Serbokroatiska" title="Serbokroatiska">serbokroatiska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenska" title="Slovenska">slovenska</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Syd%C3%B6stslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sydöstslaviska språk">sydöstslaviska</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgariska" title="Bulgariska">bulgariska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Makedonska" title="Makedonska">makedonska</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Konstruerade_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstruerade språk">Konstruerade språk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Interslaviska" title="Interslaviska">Interslaviska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-slaviska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-slaviska [inte skriven än]">pan-slaviska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Slovianski" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovianski">slovianski</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Slovio" title="Slovio">slovio</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Dialekter, bland-<br />och mikrospråk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakavisk_dialekt" title="Čakavisk dialekt">Čakaviska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ikaviskt_uttal" title="Ikaviskt uttal">ikaviska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kajkavisk_dialekt" title="Kajkavisk dialekt">kajkavisk dialekt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Makedonska_dialekter" title="Makedonska dialekter">makedonska dialekter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A4hriska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mähriska [inte skriven än]">mähriska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Rusinska" title="Rusinska">rusinska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karpatorusinska" title="Karpatorusinska">karpatorusinska</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydrusinska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydrusinska [inte skriven än]">sydrusinska</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tokavisk_dialekt" title="Štokavisk dialekt">štokaviska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Surzjyk" title="Surzjyk">surzjyk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Torlakisk_dialekt" title="Torlakisk dialekt">torlakiska</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">trasianka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96stslovakiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Östslovakiska [inte skriven än]">östslovakiska</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><i>Kursiv text</i> anger <a href="/wiki/Utd%C3%B6tt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Utdött språk">utdöda språk</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85115971">sh85115971</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4051038-4">4051038-4</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Libris_XL" title="Libris XL">Libris XL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/sq4656db00td7wg">sq4656db00td7wg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/katalogisering/search/libris?_limit=20&o=https%3A%2F%2Flibris.kb.se%2Fsq4656db00td7wg%23it">Katalogiserade 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