CINXE.COM
Document Zbl 1189.62115 - zbMATH Open
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Document Zbl 1189.62115 - zbMATH Open</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=0.1, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, noindex"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/css/bootstrap-select.min.css"> <link href="/static/css/smoothness/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> <link href="/static/styles.css?v=20241024" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/zbMathJax/v0.1.38/zbmathjax.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/zbmath.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://zbmath.org/", "logo": "https://zbmath.org/static/zbMATH.png" } </script> </head> <body> <div id="line"></div> <span id="clear" style="cursor: pointer;">×</span> <div id="page"> <div id="head"> <nav id="menu" class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#zbnav" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open logo"> </a> </div> <div id="zbnav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav pages"> <li class="about"> <a href="/about/">About</a> </li> <li class="frequently-asked-questions"> <a href="/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="general-help"> <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a> </li> <li class="reviewer-service"> <a href="https://zbmath.org/reviewer-service/" target="_self" >Reviewer Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools-and-resources/">Tools & Resources</a> </li> <li class="contact"> <a href="/contact/">Contact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right prefs"> <li class="preferences dropdown"> <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Preferences <i class="caret"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu preferences"> <li> <form id="preferences" class="navbar-form" method="post" action="/preferences/" onsubmit="return confirm('This website uses cookies for the purposes of storing preference information on your device. Do you agree to this?\n\nPlease refer to our Privacy Policy to learn more about our use of cookies.')" > <input type="hidden" name="path" value="/1189.62115?"> <span class=""> <label class="title">Search Form</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-multi-line" type="radio" name="search" value="multi-line" checked> <label for="search-multi-line" class="radio">Multi-Line Search (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-one-line" type="radio" name="search" value="one-line"> <label for="search-one-line" class="radio">One-Line Search</label> </div> </span> <span class="count"> <label class="title">Hits per Page</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-10" type="radio" name="count" value="10"> <label for="count-10" class="radio">10</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-20" type="radio" name="count" value="20"> <label for="count-20" class="radio">20</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-50" type="radio" name="count" value="50"> <label for="count-50" class="radio">50</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-100" type="radio" name="count" value="100" checked> <label for="count-100" class="radio">100 (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-200" type="radio" name="count" value="200"> <label for="count-200" class="radio">200</label> </div> </span> <span class="format"> <label class="title">Display Format</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-mathjax" type="radio" name="format" value="mathjax" checked> <label for="format-mathjax" class="radio">MathJax (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-amstex" type="radio" name="format" value="latex"> <label for="format-amstex" class="radio">LaTeX</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Documents Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-default" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="date" checked> <label for="documents-ranking-default" class="radio">Newest first (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-references" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="references"> <label for="documents-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-relevance" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="relevance"> <label for="documents-ranking-relevance" class="radio">Relevance</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Authors Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-default" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="authors-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-references" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="references"> <label for="authors-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Serials Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-default" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="serials-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-references" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="references"> <label for="serials-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Software Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-default" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="references" checked> <label for="software-ranking-default" class="radio">Citations (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-alpha" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="alpha"> <label for="software-ranking-alpha" class="radio">Alphabetically</label> </div> </span> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">OK</button> <div class="clearfix"> </form> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="tabs"> <h1 class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="/"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open — the first resource for mathematics" > </a> </h1> <nav> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="tab-documents active"> <a href="/">Documents</a> </li> <li class="tab-authors"> <a href="/authors/">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tab-serials"> <a href="/serials/">Serials</a> </li> <li class="tab-software"> <a href="/software/">Software</a> </li> <li class="tab-classification"> <a href="/classification/">Classification</a> </li> <li class="tab-formulae"> <a href="/formulae/">Formulæ</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-fixed"> <div class="content-formular"> <div style="display: none;"> <div class="row ml-0"id="multi-line-new-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-range"><span style="padding-left: 5px;">from</span> <input name="ml-0-v1" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"> until <input name="ml-0-v2" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"></span> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-la" placeholder="use name or ISO code"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-rv" placeholder="enter name or zbMATH reviewer number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-an" placeholder="Zbl, JFM or ERAM number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-en" placeholder="e.g. DOI, ISBN, arXiv ID"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-sw" placeholder="use * to find all documents using software"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-br" placeholder="find documents about the life or work of a person"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-multiselect-db"> <select class="multi-line-selectpicker" data-width="100%" multiple> <option value="zbl">Zbl</option> <option value="arxiv">arXiv</option> <option value="jfm">JFM</option> <option value="eram">ERAM</option> </select> <input type="hidden" class="multi-line-input" name="ml-0-v" value=""> </span> </div> <form name="documents" method="GET" action="/" autocomplete="off"> <div class="documents multi-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="one-line"> <span tabindex="0" class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign" title="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" aria-label="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" data-placement="bottom"></span> <a style="display: inline-block;" href="#">One-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <input type="hidden" id="multi-line-ml" name="ml" value="3"> <div id="multi-line-row-wrapper"> <div class="row ml-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-1-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-2"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au" selected>Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-2-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-3"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-3-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti" selected>Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-3-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><div id="multi-line-plus"> <a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true"></span> add line</a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline"> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-test" style="visibility: hidden; position: fixed;"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-real"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-j" title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-j" name="dt" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-a" title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-a" name="dt" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-b" title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-b" name="dt" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-p" title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-p" name="dt" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 buttons"> <a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-default clear-all">Reset all <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span></a> <div class="submit"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit">Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <form class="form-inline" name="documents" method="GET" action="/"> <div class="documents one-line" style="display: block;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="multi-line"><a href="#">New Multi-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search-row" class="input-group box"> <span> <div id="search-field"> <input class="query form-control" type="text" name="q" value="an:1189.62115" aria-label="Search for documents" placeholder="Search for documents" autocomplete="off"> </div> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit"><span class="virtual">Search</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" style="top: 2px;"></span></button> </div> </div> </span> <span> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <div class="btn-group fields"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Fields <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="fields" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ab:</span><span> </span>review text</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">an:</span><span> </span>zbmath id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">au:</span><span> </span>contributor name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">br:</span><span> </span>biographic reference name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">cc:</span><span> </span>msc title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">dt:</span><span> </span>document type</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">doi:</span><span> </span>doi</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">en:</span><span> </span>external id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">la:</span><span> </span>language</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">pu:</span><span> </span>publisher</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">py:</span><span> </span>year</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">rv:</span><span> </span>reviewer name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">so:</span><span> </span>source</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">sw:</span><span> </span>software name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ti:</span><span> </span>title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ut:</span><span> </span>keyword</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-group operators"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Operators <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="operators" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">&</span> b </span><span> </span>logical and (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">|</span> b </span><span> </span>logical or</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">!</span>ab </span><span> </span>logical not</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">abc<span class="item">*</span> </span><span> </span>right wildcard</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">"</span>ab c<span class="item">"</span></span><span> </span>phrase</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">(</span>ab c<span class="item">)</span></span><span> </span>parentheses</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="special"> <ul class="nav help-button"> <li class="dropdown pull-right"> <a href="#">Help <i class="caret"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> <div class="help"><h2>Examples</h2> <div id="help-terms" role="table"> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Geometry">Geometry</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell" role="cell">Search for the term <em>Geometry</em> in <strong>any</strong> field. Queries are <strong>case-independent</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Funct%2A">Funct*</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Wildcard</strong> queries are specified by <strong><u>*</u></strong> (e.g. <em>functions</em>, <em>functorial</em>, etc.). Otherwise the search is <strong>exact</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Topological+group%22">"Topological group"</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Phrases</strong> (multi-words) should be set in <u>"</u>straight quotation marks<u>"</u>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=au%3A+Bourbaki+%26+ti%3A+Algebra">au: Bourbaki & ti: Algebra</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for <strong><u>au</u>thor</strong> and <strong><u>ti</u>tle</strong>. The <strong>and-operator &</strong> is default and can be omitted.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Chebyshev+%7C+Tschebyscheff">Chebyshev | Tschebyscheff</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>or-operator |</strong> allows to search for <em>Chebyshev</em> or <em>Tschebyscheff</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Quasi%2A+map%2A+py%3A+1989">Quasi* map* py: 1989</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The resulting documents have <strong><u>p</u>ublication <u>y</u>ear</strong> <em>1989</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=so%3A+Eur%2A+J%2A+Mat%2A+Soc%2A+cc%3A+14">so: Eur* J* Mat* Soc* cc: 14</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for publications in a particular <strong><u>so</u>urce</strong> with a <strong>Mathematics Subject <u>C</u>lassification <u>c</u>ode (<u>cc</u>)</strong> in <em>14</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Partial+diff%2A+eq%2A%22+%21+elliptic">"Partial diff* eq*" ! elliptic</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>not</strong>-operator <strong>!</strong> eliminates all results containing the word <em>elliptic</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=dt%3A+b+%26+au%3A+Hilbert">dt: b & au: Hilbert</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong><u>d</u>ocument <u>t</u>ype</strong> is set to books; alternatively: <u>j</u> for <strong>journal articles</strong>, <u>a</u> for <strong>book articles</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=py%3A+2000-2015+cc%3A+%2894A+%7C+11T%29">py: 2000-2015 cc: (94A | 11T)</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Number <strong>ranges</strong> are accepted. Terms can be grouped within <strong><u>(</u>parentheses<u>)</u></strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=la%3A+chinese">la: chinese</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Find documents in a given <strong><u>la</u>nguage</strong>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1">ISO 639-1</a> language codes can also be used.</span> </div> </div> <div id="help-fields"> <h2>Fields</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>any</strong></td> <td class="padding">anywhere</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>an</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal document identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>au</strong></td> <td class="padding">author, editor</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ai</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal author identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ti</strong></td> <td class="padding">title</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>la</strong></td> <td class="padding">language</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>so</strong></td> <td class="padding">source</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ab</strong></td> <td class="padding">review, abstract</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>py</strong></td> <td class="padding">publication year</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>rv</strong></td> <td class="padding">reviewer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>cc</strong></td> <td class="padding">MSC code</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ut</strong></td> <td class="padding">uncontrolled term</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>dt</strong></td> <td class="padding" colspan="4">document type (<strong>j</strong>: journal article; <strong>b</strong>: book; <strong>a</strong>: book article)</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="help-operators"> <h2>Operators</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>&</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic and</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>|</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic or</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>!</strong>ab</td> <td class="padding">logic not</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">abc<strong>*</strong></td> <td class="padding">right wildcard</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>"</strong>ab c<strong>"</strong></td> <td class="padding">phrase</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>(</strong>ab c<strong>)</strong></td> <td class="padding">parentheses</td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> See also our <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a>. </p></div> </div> </form> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-shadow"></div> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="main"> <div class="messages"> </div> <div id="documents"> <div class="content-main"> <div class="content-item"><div class="item"> <article> <div class="author"><a href="/authors/ravikumar.pradeep" title="Author Profile">Ravikumar, Pradeep</a>; <a href="/authors/wainwright.martin-j" title="Author Profile">Wainwright, Martin J.</a>; <a href="/authors/lafferty.john-d" title="Author Profile">Lafferty, John D.</a></div> <h2 class="title"> <strong>High-dimensional Ising model selection using \(\ell _{1}\)-regularized logistic regression.</strong> <i>(English)</i> <a class="label nowrap" href="/1189.62115">Zbl 1189.62115</a> </h2> <div class="source"> <a href="/serials/319" title="Journal Profile">Ann. Stat.</a> <a href="/?q=in%3A261945" title="Articles in this Issue">38, No. 3, 1287-1319 (2010)</a>. </div> <div class="abstract">Summary: We consider the problem of estimating the graph associated with a binary Ising Markov random field. We describe a method based on \(\ell _{1}\)-regularized logistic regression, in which the neighborhood of any given node is estimated by performing logistic regression subject to an \(\ell_{1}\)-constraint. The method is analyzed under high-dimensional scaling in which both the number of nodes \(p\) and maximum neighborhood size \(d\) are allowed to grow as a function of the number of observations \(n\). Our main results provide sufficient conditions on the triple \((n, p, d)\) and the model parameters for the method to succeed in consistently estimating the neighborhood of every node in the graph simultaneously. <br class="zbmathjax-paragraph">With coherence conditions imposed on the population Fisher information matrix, we prove that consistent neighborhood selection can be obtained for sample sizes \(n=\Omega (d^{3} \log p)\) with exponentially decaying error. When these same conditions are imposed directly on the sample matrices, we show that a reduced sample size of \(n=\Omega (d^{2} \log p)\) suffices for the method to estimate neighborhoods consistently. Although this paper focuses on the binary graphical models, we indicate how a generalization of the method of the paper would apply to general discrete Markov random fields.</div> <div class="clear"></div> <br> <div class="citations"><div class="clear"><a href="/?q=rf%3A5712422">Cited in <strong>175</strong> Documents</a></div></div> <div class="classification"> <h3>MSC:</h3> <table><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62J12" title="MSC2020">62J12</a> </td> <td class="space"> Generalized linear models (logistic models) </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62F12" title="MSC2020">62F12</a> </td> <td class="space"> Asymptotic properties of parametric estimators </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A05C90" title="MSC2020">05C90</a> </td> <td class="space"> Applications of graph theory </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A68T99" title="MSC2020">68T99</a> </td> <td class="space"> Artificial intelligence </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62M40" title="MSC2020">62M40</a> </td> <td class="space"> Random fields; image analysis </td> </tr></table> </div><div class="keywords"> <h3>Keywords:</h3><a href="/?q=ut%3Agraphical+models">graphical models</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3AMarkov+random+fields">Markov random fields</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Astructure+learning">structure learning</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3A%5C%28%5Cell+_1%5C%29-regularization">\(\ell _1\)-regularization</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Amodel+selection">model selection</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Aconvex+risk+minimization">convex risk minimization</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Ahigh-dimensional+asymptotics">high-dimensional asymptotics</a></div> <div class="software"> <h3>Software:</h3><a href="/software/4502">spatial</a>; <a href="/software/6072">pcalg</a>; <a href="/software/12177">TETRAD</a></div> <!-- Modal used to show zbmath metadata in different output formats--> <div class="modal fade" id="metadataModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Cite</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="select-output" class="control-label">Format</label> <select id="select-output" class="form-control" aria-label="Select Metadata format"></select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="metadataText" class="control-label">Result</label> <textarea class="form-control" id="metadataText" rows="10" style="min-width: 100%;max-width: 100%"></textarea> </div> <div id="metadata-alert" class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display: none;"> <!-- alert for connection errors etc --> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="copyMetadata()">Copy to clipboard</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="functions clearfix"> <div class="function"> <!-- Button trigger metadata modal --> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metadataModal" data-itemtype="Zbl" data-itemname="Zbl 1189.62115" data-ciurl="/ci/05712422" data-biburl="/bibtex/05712422.bib" data-amsurl="/amsrefs/05712422.bib" data-xmlurl="/xml/05712422.xml" > Cite </a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-container="body" type="button" href="/pdf/05712422.pdf" title="Zbl 1189.62115 as PDF">Review PDF</a> </div> <div class="fulltexts"> <span class="fulltext">Full Text:</span> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS691" aria-label="DOI for “High-dimensional Ising model selection using \(\ell _{1}\)-regularized logistic regression”" title="10.1214/09-AOS691">DOI</a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.0311"title="Note: arXiv document may differ from published version">arXiv</a> </div> <div class="sfx" style="float: right;"> </div> </div> <div class="references"> <h3>References:</h3> <table><tr> <td>[1]</td> <td class="space">Abbeel, P., Koller, D. and Ng, A. Y. (2006). Learning factor graphs in polynomial time and sample complexity. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 7 1743-1788. · <a href="/1222.68128" class="nowrap">Zbl 1222.68128</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[2]</td> <td class="space">Banerjee, O., Ghaoui, L. E. and d’Asprémont, A. (2008). Model selection through sparse maximum likelihood estimation for multivariate Gaussian or binary data. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9 485-516. · <a href="/1225.68149" class="nowrap">Zbl 1225.68149</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[3]</td> <td class="space">Bertsekas, D. (1995). Nonlinear Programming . Athena Scientific, Belmont, MA. · <a href="/0935.90037" class="nowrap">Zbl 0935.90037</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[4]</td> <td class="space">Bresler, G., Mossel, E. and Sly, A. (2009). Reconstruction of Markov random fields from samples: Some easy observations and algorithms. Available at http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/0712.1402. · <a href="/1271.68239" class="nowrap">Zbl 1271.68239</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[5]</td> <td class="space">Candes, E. and Tao, T. (2007). The Dantzig selector: Statistical estimation when p is much larger than n (with discussion). Ann. Statist. 35 2313-2351. · <a href="/1139.62019" class="nowrap">Zbl 1139.62019</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/009053606000001523" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/009053606000001523</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[6]</td> <td class="space">Chickering, D. (1995). Learning Bayesian networks is NP-complete. In Learning from Data: Artificial Intelligence and Statistics V (D. Fisher and H. Lenz, eds.). Lecture Notes in Statistics 112 121-130. Springer, New York.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[7]</td> <td class="space">Chow, C. and Liu, C. (1968). Approximating discrete probability distributions with dependence trees. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 14 462-467. · <a href="/0165.22305" class="nowrap">Zbl 0165.22305</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1968.1054142" class="nowrap">doi:10.1109/TIT.1968.1054142</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[8]</td> <td class="space">Cross, G. and Jain, A. (1983). Markov random field texture models. IEEE Trans. PAMI 5 25-39.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[9]</td> <td class="space">Csiszár, I. and Talata, Z. (2006). Consistent estimation of the basic neighborhood structure of Markov random fields. Ann. Statist. 34 123-145. · <a href="/1102.62105" class="nowrap">Zbl 1102.62105</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/009053605000000912" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/009053605000000912</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[10]</td> <td class="space">Dasgupta, S. (1999). Learning polytrees. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-99) . Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[11]</td> <td class="space">Davidson, K. R. and Szarek, S. J. (2001). Local operator theory, random matrices, and Banach spaces. In Handbook of the Geometry of Banach Spaces 1 317-336. Elsevier, Amsterdam. · <a href="/1067.46008" class="nowrap">Zbl 1067.46008</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-5849(01)80010-3" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/S1874-5849(01)80010-3</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[12]</td> <td class="space">Donoho, D. and Elad, M. (2003). Maximal sparsity representation via \ell 1 minimization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 2197-2202. · <a href="/1064.94011" class="nowrap">Zbl 1064.94011</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0437847100" class="nowrap">doi:10.1073/pnas.0437847100</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[13]</td> <td class="space">Geman, S. and Geman, D. (1984). Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and the Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Trans. PAMI 6 721-741. · <a href="/0573.62030" class="nowrap">Zbl 0573.62030</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767596" class="nowrap">doi:10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767596</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[14]</td> <td class="space">Hassner, M. and Sklansky, J. (1980). The use of Markov random fields as models of texture. Comp. Graphics Image Proc. 12 357-370.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[15]</td> <td class="space">Hoeffding, W. (1963). Probability inequalities for sums of bounded random variables. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 58 13-30. JSTOR: · <a href="/0127.10602" class="nowrap">Zbl 0127.10602</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2282952" class="nowrap">doi:10.2307/2282952</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[16]</td> <td class="space">Horn, R. A. and Johnson, C. R. (1985). Matrix Analysis . Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. · <a href="/0576.15001" class="nowrap">Zbl 0576.15001</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[17]</td> <td class="space">Ising, E. (1925). Beitrag zur theorie der ferromagnetismus. Zeitschrift für Physik 31 253-258.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[18]</td> <td class="space">Kalisch, M. and Buhlmann, P. (2007). Estimating high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with the pc-algorithm. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 8 613-636. · <a href="/1222.68229" class="nowrap">Zbl 1222.68229</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[19]</td> <td class="space">Kim, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, Y. (2005). Blockwise sparse regression. Statist. Sinica 16 375-390. · <a href="/1096.62076" class="nowrap">Zbl 1096.62076</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[20]</td> <td class="space">Koh, K., Kim, S. J. and Boyd, S. (2007). An interior-point method for large-scale \ell 1 -regularized logistic regression. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3 1519-1555. · <a href="/1222.62092" class="nowrap">Zbl 1222.62092</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[21]</td> <td class="space">Manning, C. D. and Schutze, H. (1999). Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. · <a href="/0951.68158" class="nowrap">Zbl 0951.68158</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[22]</td> <td class="space">Meier, L., van de Geer, S. and Bühlmann, P. (2007). The group lasso for logistic regression. Technical report, Mathematics Dept., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich. · <a href="/1400.62276" class="nowrap">Zbl 1400.62276</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[23]</td> <td class="space">Meinshausen, N. and Bühlmann, P. (2006). High dimensional graphs and variable selection with the lasso. Ann. Statist. 34 1436-1462. · <a href="/1113.62082" class="nowrap">Zbl 1113.62082</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000281" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/009053606000000281</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[24]</td> <td class="space">Ng, A. Y. (2004). Feature selection, \ell 1 vs. \ell 2 regularization, and rotational invariance. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-04) . Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[25]</td> <td class="space">Obozinski, G., Wainwright, M. J. and Jordan, M. I. (2008). Union support recovery in high-dimensional multivariate regression. Technical report, Dept. Statistics, Univ. California, Berkeley. · <a href="/1373.62372" class="nowrap">Zbl 1373.62372</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[26]</td> <td class="space">Ripley, B. D. (1981). Spatial Statistics . Wiley, New York. · <a href="/0583.62087" class="nowrap">Zbl 0583.62087</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[27]</td> <td class="space">Rockafellar, G. (1970). Convex Analysis . Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton. · <a href="/0193.18401" class="nowrap">Zbl 0193.18401</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[28]</td> <td class="space">Rothman, A., Bickel, P., Levina, E. and Zhu, J. (2008). Sparse permutation invariant covariance estimation. Electron. J. Stat. 2 494-515. · <a href="/1320.62135" class="nowrap">Zbl 1320.62135</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/08-EJS176" class="nowrap">doi:10.1214/08-EJS176</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[29]</td> <td class="space">Santhanam, N. P. and Wainwright, M. J. (2008). Information-theoretic limits of high-dimensional graphical model selection. In International Symposium on Information Theory . Toronto, Canada.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[30]</td> <td class="space">Spirtes, P., Glymour, C. and Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction and Search . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. · <a href="/0806.62001" class="nowrap">Zbl 0806.62001</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[31]</td> <td class="space">Srebro, N. (2003). Maximum likelihood bounded tree-width Markov networks. Artificial Intelligence 143 123-138. · <a href="/1011.68066" class="nowrap">Zbl 1011.68066</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(02)00360-0" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/S0004-3702(02)00360-0</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[32]</td> <td class="space">Tropp, J. A. (2006). Just relax: Convex programming methods for identifying sparse signals. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 51 1030-1051. · <a href="/1288.94025" class="nowrap">Zbl 1288.94025</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[33]</td> <td class="space">Wainwright, M. J. (2009). Sharp thresholds for high-dimensional and noisy sparsity recovery using \ell 1 -constrained quadratic programming (Lasso). IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 55 2183-2202. · <a href="/1367.62220" class="nowrap">Zbl 1367.62220</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[34]</td> <td class="space">Wainwright, M. J. and Jordan, M. I. (2003). Graphical models, exponential families, and variational inference. Technical Report 649, Dept. Statistics, Univ. California, Berkeley. · <a href="/1193.62107" class="nowrap">Zbl 1193.62107</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[35]</td> <td class="space">Wainwright, M. J., Ravikumar, P. and Lafferty, J. D. (2007). High-dimensional graphical model selection using \ell 1 -regularized logistic regression. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (B. Schölkopf, J. Platt and T. Hoffman, eds.) 19 1465-1472. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[36]</td> <td class="space">Welsh, D. J. A. (1993). Complexity: Knots, Colourings, and Counting . Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. · <a href="/0799.68008" class="nowrap">Zbl 0799.68008</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[37]</td> <td class="space">Woods, J. (1978). Markov image modeling. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 23 846-850.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[38]</td> <td class="space">Yuan, M. and Lin, Y. (2006). Model selection and estimation in regression with grouped variables. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 68 49-67. · <a href="/1141.62030" class="nowrap">Zbl 1141.62030</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00532.x" class="nowrap">doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00532.x</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[39]</td> <td class="space">Zhao, P. and Yu, B. (2007). On model selection consistency of lasso. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 7 2541-2567. · <a href="/1222.62008" class="nowrap">Zbl 1222.62008</a></td> </tr></table> <div class="reference_disclaimer"> This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching. </div> </div></article> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="foot"><div class="copyright"> © 2025 <a target="fiz" href="https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/en">FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH</a> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="/legal-notices/">Legal Notices</a> <a href="/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a> <div class="info"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="mastodon"> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/@zbMATH" target="_blank" class="no-new-tab-icon"> <img src="/static/mastodon.png" title="zbMATH at Mathstodon (opens in new tab)" alt="Mastodon logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix" style="height: 0px;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery-caret/1.5.2/jquery.caret.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7zb1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/retina/unknown/retina.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script> var SCRIPT_ROOT = ""; </script> <script src="/static/scripts.js?v=20240926"> </script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { preferredFont: "TeX", availableFonts: [ "STIX", "TeX" ], linebreaks: { automatic: true }, EqnChunk: (MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMobile ? 10 : 50) }, tex2jax: { processEscapes: true, ignoreClass: "tex2jax_ignore|dno" }, TeX: { Macros: { Aut: "\\operatorname{Aut}", Hom: "\\operatorname{Hom}" }, noUndefined: { attributes: { mathcolor: "#039", //"red", mathbackground: "white", //"#FFEEEE", mathsize: "90%" } } }, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#MathInput").stop(true, true).keyup(function() { $.ajax({ url: "/mwsq/", type: "POST", data: { query : $("#MathInput").val() }, dataType: "text" }) .done(function(xml) { $("#MathPreview").html(xml); $(window).resize(); }); }); var press = jQuery.Event("keyup"); press.ctrlKey = false; press.which = 40; $("#MathInput").trigger(press); }); </script> <div id="new_tab_icon" style="display: none"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-new-window" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">(opens in new tab)</span></div> </body> </html>