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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville_(Schriftart)" title="Baskerville (Schriftart) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baskerville (Schriftart)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville_(tipo_de_letra)" title="Baskerville (tipo de letra) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baskerville (tipo de letra)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville_(police_de_caract%C3%A8res)" title="Baskerville (police de caractères) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baskerville (police de caractères)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville_(carattere)" title="Baskerville (carattere) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baskerville (carattere)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville_(lettertype)" title="Baskerville (lettertype) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baskerville (lettertype)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baskerville" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q768857#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the font. For the person who created the font, see <a href="/wiki/John_Baskerville" title="John Baskerville">John Baskerville</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Baskerville_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Baskerville (disambiguation)">Baskerville (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BaskervilleSpec.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BaskervilleSpec.svg/220px-BaskervilleSpec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BaskervilleSpec.svg/330px-BaskervilleSpec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BaskervilleSpec.svg/440px-BaskervilleSpec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Typeface#Style_of_typefaces" title="Typeface">Category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serif#Transitional" title="Serif">Transitional serif</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_design#Profession" title="Type design">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Baskerville" title="John Baskerville">John Baskerville</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Foundry</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G._Peignot_et_Fils" title="G. Peignot et Fils">G. Peignot et Fils</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Linotype</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Eaves" title="Mrs Eaves">Mrs Eaves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shown here</th><td class="infobox-data">Baskerville Ten by<br /><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_%C5%A0torm" title="František Štorm">František Štorm</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Baskerville</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a> designed in the 1750s by <a href="/wiki/John_Baskerville" title="John Baskerville">John Baskerville</a> (1706–1775) in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and cut into metal by <a href="/wiki/Punchcutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Punchcutter">punchcutter</a> John Handy.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Baskerville_:_type-founder_and_printer,_1706_-1775._1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Baskerville_:_type-founder_and_printer,_1706_-1775.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb_John_Baskerville-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer,_1706-1775_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer,_1706-1775-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dodsley2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodsley2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baskerville is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Serif#Transitional" title="Serif">transitional typeface</a>, intended as a refinement of what are now called <a href="/wiki/Serif#Old-style" title="Serif">old-style</a> typefaces of the period, especially those of his most eminent contemporary, <a href="/wiki/William_Caslon" title="William Caslon">William Caslon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to earlier designs popular in Britain, Baskerville increased the contrast between thick and thin strokes, making the serifs sharper and more tapered, and shifted the axis of rounded letters to a more vertical position.<sup id="cite_ref-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curved strokes are more circular in shape, and the characters became more regular. These changes created a greater consistency in size and form, influenced by the calligraphy Baskerville had learned and taught as a young man.<sup id="cite_ref-Type_Designs_Johnson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Type_Designs_Johnson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baskerville's typefaces remain very popular in book design and there are many modern revivals, which often add features such as bold type which did not exist in Baskerville's time.<sup id="cite_ref-fontfeed.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fontfeed.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Baskerville's typefaces were proprietary to him<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sold to a French publisher after his death, some designs influenced by him were made by British punchcutters.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb_John_Baskerville-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fry Foundry of Bristol created a version, probably cut by their typefounder Isaac Moore.<sup id="cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Vernacular-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Printer's_Grammar_1787_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printer's_Grammar_1787-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shaw2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marketed in the twentieth century as "Fry's Baskerville" or "Baskerville Old Face", a digitisation based on the more delicate larger sizes is included with some Microsoft software.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosley_Typophile_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosley_Typophile-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basker%27s_bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Basker%27s_bible.jpg/220px-Basker%27s_bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Basker%27s_bible.jpg/330px-Basker%27s_bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Basker%27s_bible.jpg/440px-Basker%27s_bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>The Folio Bible printed by Baskerville in 1763.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica,_Georgica,_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg/220px-Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg/330px-Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg/440px-Publii_Virgilii_Maronis_Bucolica%2C_Georgica%2C_et_%C3%86neis_by_John_Baskerville_1757.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Baskerville's first publication, an edition of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>. The design shows the smooth, gleaming finish of his paper and minimal title pages.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baskerville's typeface was part of an ambitious project to create books of the greatest possible quality. Baskerville was a wealthy industrialist, who had started his career as a writing-master (teacher of calligraphy) and carver of gravestones, before making a fortune as a manufacturer of varnished lacquer goods. At a time when books in England were generally printed to a low standard, using typefaces of conservative design, Baskerville sought to offer books created to higher-quality methods of printing than any before, using carefully made, level presses, a high quality of ink and very smooth paper pressed after printing to a glazed, gleaming finish.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_type-founder_and_printer_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Baskerville,_type-founder_and_printer-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-West1830_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West1830-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nichols1812_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols1812-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Having been an early admirer of the beauty of Letters, I became insensibly desirous of contributing to the perfection of them. I formed to myself ideas of greater accuracy than had yet appeared, and had endeavoured to produce a Set of Types according to what I conceived to be their true proportion...It is not my desire to print many books, but such only as are books of Consequence, of intrinsic merit or established Reputation, and which the public may be pleased to see in an elegant dress, and to purchase at such a price as will repay the extraordinary care and expense that must necessarily be bestowed upon them.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Baskerville's preface to Milton</cite></div> </div> <p>While Baskerville's types in some aspects recall those of <a href="/wiki/William_Caslon" title="William Caslon">William Caslon</a>, the most eminent punchcutter of the time, his approach was far more radical. <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Warde" title="Beatrice Warde">Beatrice Warde</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dreyfus" title="John Dreyfus">John Dreyfus</a> and others have written that aspects of his design recalled his handwriting and common elements of the calligraphy taught by the time of Baskerville's youth, which had been used in copperplate engraving but had not previously been cut into type in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clayton2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such details included many of the intricate details of his <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a>, such as the flourishes on the capital <i>N</i> and entering stroke at top left of the italic 'p'. He had clearly considered the topic of ideal letterforms for many years, since a slate carved in his early career offering his services cutting tombstones, believed to date from around 1730, is partly cut in lettering very similar to his typefaces of the 1750s.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb_John_Baskerville-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was a typeface cut by Handy to Baskerville's specifications that reflected Baskerville's ideals of perfection.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Baskerville, he developed his printing projects for seven years, releasing a <a href="/wiki/Publication_by_subscription" title="Publication by subscription">prospectus advertisement</a> for the project in 1754, before finally releasing his first book, an edition of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, in 1757, which was followed by other classics.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell2011_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell2011-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the start of his edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, he wrote a preface explaining his ambitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Baskerville's slab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg/200px-John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg/300px-John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1e/John_Baskerville_writing_master_slab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="281" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-Right">A slate carved by John Baskerville in his early career offering his services carving tombstones, in blackletter, roman, script and italic. The design is similar to his typography.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_on_Baskerville_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_on_Baskerville-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recreation in Monotype Baskerville shows the similarities of letterforms.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville_slab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monotype Baskerville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baskerville_slab.png/200px-Baskerville_slab.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baskerville_slab.png/300px-Baskerville_slab.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Baskerville_slab.png/400px-Baskerville_slab.png 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1758, he was appointed University Printer to the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McKitterick1998_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKitterick1998-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was there in 1763 that he published his master work, a folio <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg/220px-Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg/330px-Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Baskerville-Cambridge-Bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>A detail view of Baskerville's Bible for Cambridge, showing the crispness of the impression.</figcaption></figure> <p>The crispness of Baskerville's work seems to have unsettled (or perhaps provoked jealousy in) his contemporaries, and some claimed the stark contrasts in his printing damaged the eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baskerville was never particularly successful as a printer, being a printer of specialist and elite editions, something not helped by the erratic standard of editing in his books.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb_John_Baskerville-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mosley_Gaskell_review_Motif_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosley_Gaskell_review_Motif-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abroad, however, he was much admired (if not directly imitated, at least not his style of type design), notably by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Simon_Fournier" title="Pierre Simon Fournier">Pierre Simon Fournier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Bodoni" title="Giambattista Bodoni">Giambattista Bodoni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> (who had started his career as a printer), who wrote him a letter praising his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_Typeface_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_Typeface-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin1840_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin1840-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work was later admired in England by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frognall_Dibdin" title="Thomas Frognall Dibdin">Thomas Frognall Dibdin</a>, who wrote that "in his Italic letter...he stands unrivalled; such elegance, freedom and perfect symmetry being in vain to be looked for among the specimens of <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Colines" title="Simon de Colines">Colinaeus</a>...Baskerville was a truly original artist, he struck out a new method of printing in this country and may be considered as the founder of that luxuriant style of typography which at present so generally prevails; and which seems to have attained perfection in the neatness of Whittingham, the elegance of Bulmer and the splendour of Bensley."<sup id="cite_ref-Dibdin_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dibdin-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Curson_Hansard" title="Thomas Curson Hansard">Thomas Curson Hansard</a> in 1825 seems to have had misgivings about his work, praising his achievement in some ways but also suggesting that he was a better printer than a type designer.<sup id="cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his death his widow Sarah eventually sold his material to a Paris literary society connected to <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a>, placing them out of reach of British printing. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_F._Johnson" title="Alfred F. Johnson">A. F. Johnson</a> however cautions that some perhaps over-patriotic British writers on type design have over-estimated Baskerville's influence on continental type design: "there seems to be no trace of a Baskerville school outside Great Britain, except of course in the use of actual Baskerville types. Didot proceeded from the "<a href="/wiki/Romain_du_Roi" title="Romain du Roi">romains du roi</a>" and would have so proceeded if Baskerville had never printed. Even in England, where there was a Baskerville period in typography, the modern face came from the French, and not as a development from Baskerville."<sup id="cite_ref-Type_Designs_Johnson_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Type_Designs_Johnson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baskerville's styles of type and printing, although initially unpopular in Britain, proved influential for a brief transitional period in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, with printers and type designers such as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fry_(type-founder)" title="Joseph Fry (type-founder)">Joseph Fry</a>, Isaac Moore who may have been Fry's punchcutter, and Wilson of Glasgow. <a href="/wiki/Bulmer_(typeface)" title="Bulmer (typeface)">Bulmer</a>, cut by the brother of Baskerville's foremen, was one design inspired by it, as is the <a href="/wiki/Bell_MT" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell MT">Bell type</a> cut by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Austin_(punchcutter)" title="Richard Austin (punchcutter)">Richard Austin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Austin's biographer Alastair Johnston has described this period as a "glorious but short-lived" period of innovative type design in Britain "of harmonious types that had the larger-on-the-body proportions of the Romain du Roi, with the modelling of Baskerville but more colour and fine serifs".<sup id="cite_ref-Transitional_Faces_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transitional_Faces-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gaskell" title="Philip Gaskell">Philip Gaskell</a> particularly highlights as a successful typeface of this period the Wilson foundry of Glasgow's 'startling' <a href="/wiki/Traditional_point-size_names" title="Traditional point-size names">English-sized (14 pt)</a> roman of 1760, following soon from Baskerville's first editions of 1757 and cut extremely large for its point size: "Baskerville's influence is obvious, but Wilson has outdone the master in the width, weight and even the size of the face. I think myself that with its large x-height, generous width and clean execution, this elegant fount carries out Baskerville's ideas better than did Baskerville himself."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_Large_Face_of_the_eighteenth_century_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Large_Face_of_the_eighteenth_century-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Vernacular-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period saw an increasing influence of <a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a> printing from the Continent, in particular the types of the Didot family and the editions published by Bodoni. The style then disappeared from view altogether following a full trend towards Didone typefaces, often with a much darker style of impression; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Berkeley_Updike" title="Daniel Berkeley Updike">Updike</a> suggests that this change mostly happened around 1815–20.<sup id="cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Roman" title="Scotch Roman">Scotch Roman</a> genre which proved popular in Britain and America is something of an intermediate between Didone typefaces and Baskerville's influence. The succession of more extreme "Didone" typefaces quickly replacing Baskerville's style has led to Baskerville being called "transitional" on the road to the Didone style which dominated printing for a long period, although of course Baskerville would not have considered his design "transitional" but as a successful end in itself.<sup id="cite_ref-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Baskerville type (with some replaced letters) was revived in 1917 by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rogers_(typographer)" title="Bruce Rogers (typographer)">Bruce Rogers</a>, for the Harvard University Press, and also released by <a href="/wiki/G._Peignot_et_Fils" title="G. Peignot et Fils">G. Peignot et Fils</a> in Paris (France).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern revivals have added features, such as italics with extra or no <a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">swashes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boldface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boldface">bold</a> weights, that were not present in Baskerville's original work. </p><p>Baskerville is used widely in documents issued by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> (UK) and <a href="/wiki/Castleton_University" title="Castleton University">Castleton University</a> (Vermont, USA).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modified version of Baskerville is also prominently used in the <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Identity_Program" title="Federal Identity Program">government's corporate identity program</a>—namely, in the 'Canada' <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a>. Another modified version of Baskerville is used by <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a> (USA), and the <a href="/wiki/ABRSM" title="ABRSM">ABRSM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:03_Transici%C3%B3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Baskerville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/03_Transici%C3%B3.svg/200px-03_Transici%C3%B3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/03_Transici%C3%B3.svg/300px-03_Transici%C3%B3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/03_Transici%C3%B3.svg/400px-03_Transici%C3%B3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left">Fry's Baskerville showing its key features: a nearly vertical axis of thinnest points (a), a high stroke contrast (c) and nearly-horizontal serifs which are sharp points (d). This compares to earlier type designs such as <a href="/wiki/Bembo" title="Bembo">Bembo</a> (below) with a diagonal axis (b), less stroke contrast (d) and serifs at a greater angle to the horizontal (e).</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02_Garalda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bembo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/02_Garalda.svg/200px-02_Garalda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/02_Garalda.svg/300px-02_Garalda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/02_Garalda.svg/400px-02_Garalda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Key features of Baskerville are its E where the bottom arm projects further than the upper, a W with no centre serif, and in the lower-case g where the bottom loop is open. Some fonts cut for Baskerville have an 'R' with a straight leg; in others it is curved. Many characters have obvious ball terminals, in contrast to the more wedge-shaped serifs of earlier fonts. Most distinctive is the italic, in which the J has a centre-bar and many other italic capitals have flourishes, the 'p' has a tail pointing downwards and to the left (similar to the entrance stroke that would be made with a pen) and the w has a clear centre loop and swash on the left. In general, Baskerville's type has been described as 'rounder, more sharply cut' than its predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-Monotype_Baskerville_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monotype_Baskerville-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Some of these distinctive features are discarded in many revivals, as seen below.) Baskerville's type featured <a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">text figures</a> or lower-case numbers, the only form of Arabic numerals in use at the time (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> would be used to align with the capitals).<sup id="cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capitals are very bold, and (like Caslon's) have been criticised for being unbalanced to the lower-case at large sizes. </p><p>Baskerville also produced a font for <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, which survives at Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-Pollard_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollard-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kent1986_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent1986-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_in_the_Nineteenth_Century:_A_Catalogue_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_in_the_Nineteenth_Century:_A_Catalogue-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has sometimes been criticised as unidiomatic, and has not been particularly popular.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Reappraisal_of_Baskerville's_Greek_Types_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Reappraisal_of_Baskerville's_Greek_Types-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_primer_on_Greek_type_design_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_primer_on_Greek_type_design-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GFS_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFS-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kent1986_Greek_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent1986_Greek-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had cut ornaments, many apparently copied or influenced from those offered by the <a href="/wiki/Joh._Ensched%C3%A9" title="Joh. Enschedé">Enschedé type foundry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Into_Print_Baskerville's_Ornaments_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Into_Print_Baskerville's_Ornaments-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metal_type_versions">Metal type versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metal type versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_(7630278980).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg/220px-Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg/330px-Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg/440px-Type_Charts_6_Baskerville_front_%287630278980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>An American adaptation of Isaac Moore's type following Baskerville's style, from the late metal type period. Note the 'Q' and 'a', unlike Baskerville's. The lining figures are not original and the <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descenders</a> have likely been shortened to fit the American <a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy#Metal_type_era" title="Typeface anatomy">"common line"</a> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg/220px-Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg/330px-Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg/440px-Fry_foundry_specimen_Great_Primer_new_and_old_from_The_Printers_Grammar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2386" data-file-height="4075" /></a><figcaption>The Fry type foundry's copies of first Baskerville (above) and then Caslon (below), shown in a specimen attached to an edition of <i>The Printer's Grammar</i>, 1787. The image illustrates the limits of Baskerville's type's popularity, since they apparently felt the need to cut a copy of Caslon's type also, although the book is set in Baskerville-style type.</figcaption></figure><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The following foundries offered versions of Baskerville: </p> <ul><li>The original punches were sold by Baskerville's widow and eventually ended up in the possession of <a href="/wiki/G._Peignot_et_Fils" title="G. Peignot et Fils">G. Peignot et Fils</a> by way of Beaumarchais. Charles Peignot donated them to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since Baskerville's equipment was in France and therefore unavailable to them, the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fry_(type-founder)" title="Joseph Fry (type-founder)">Fry</a> type foundry of Bristol produced its own version in the late eighteenth century, presumably cut by typefounder Isaac Moore who also showcased them on his own specimen.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gentleman's_Magazine_Fry_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gentleman's_Magazine_Fry-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These designs feature a slightly different 'a' at large sizes, which has been followed in many Baskerville revivals.<sup id="cite_ref-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mosley comments that "In its larger sizes it is one of the most elegant types which have ever been cut, and it is by no means a simple derivative. The curves of the lower-case letters are flatter than Baskerville's and the serifs are slightly more tapered."<sup id="cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Vernacular-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fry's version was showcased in a specimen attached to a 1787 reprint of John Smith's<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Printer's Grammar</i>, in which it was frankly admitted that "The plan on which they first sat out was an improvement of the Types of the late Mr. Baskerville of Birmingham" but, presumably failing to achieve sufficient popularity, they additionally created copies of Caslon's types.<sup id="cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Printer's_Grammar_1787_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Printer's_Grammar_1787-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When Fry's successors closed, their version was acquired and issued (and some sizes possibly recut) by <a href="/wiki/Stephenson_Blake" title="Stephenson Blake">Stephenson Blake</a> under the name "Baskerville Old Face"; many imitations follow its design, often adding lining figures at cap height and cropping the <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descenders</a> as was necessary for <a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy#Metal_type_era" title="Typeface anatomy">"standard line"</a> American printing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosley_Typophile_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosley_Typophile-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Fry Foundry version was also copied by <a href="/wiki/American_Type_Founders" title="American Type Founders">American Type Founders</a>. Finding Moore's italic unsatisfactory, they added an italic based on the slightly later <a href="/wiki/Bell_MT" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell MT">Bell typeface</a> cut by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Austin_(punchcutter)" title="Richard Austin (punchcutter)">Richard Austin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morison_Barker_Bell_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison_Barker_Bell-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The British <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype Corporation">Monotype Corporation</a> cut a copy of Baskerville in 1923 for its <a href="/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" title="Hot metal typesetting">hot metal typesetting</a> system, showcased in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Penrose_Annual" title="The Penrose Annual">Penrose's Annual</a></i> of 1924; it was extremely popular for printing in Britain during the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Morison1973_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison1973-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Methods_of_Book_Design_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Methods_of_Book_Design-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with other Monotype revivals, the design is now sometimes called Baskerville MT. It is bundled with <a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a> in a somewhat slender digitisation.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Monotype_Baskerville_specimen_book_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monotype_Baskerville_specimen_book-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Schriftgießerei D. Stempel issued a revival in 1926 under the name "Original-Baskerville".</li> <li>Linotype AG, the German arm of Mergenthaler Linotype, adapted the Stempel cutting of the face for linecasting in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Linotype's</a> Baskerville was cut in 1923 by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Jones_(printer)" title="George W. Jones (printer)">George W. Jones</a>, and was re-cut in 1936. A bold version was cut by <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_H._Griffith" title="Chauncey H. Griffith">Chauncey H. Griffith</a> in 1939. It may sometimes be called Baskerville LT.</li></ul> <p>More loosely, the <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Roman" title="Scotch Roman">Scotch Roman</a> genre of transitional types reflects the influence of Baskerville's work, with increasing influence of Didone type from the continent around the beginning of the nineteenth century; the font <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a> is influenced by this genre. Due to the cachet of the name, some completely unrelated designs were named 'Baskerville' in the hot metal period.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_type_versions">Cold type versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cold type versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville_contrast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baskerville_contrast.png/220px-Baskerville_contrast.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baskerville_contrast.png/330px-Baskerville_contrast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baskerville_contrast.png/440px-Baskerville_contrast.png 2x" data-file-width="16645" data-file-height="11740" /></a><figcaption>Two Baskerville revivals. The top design (Baskerville Old Style in the common Microsoft release) is more suitable for headings and that below (Berthold's) with its thicker strokes for body text. Baskerville Old Style is based on Fry and Moore's recreation, distinguishable by the slightly different curve of its 'a'.</figcaption></figure> <p>As it had been a standard type for many years, <i>Baskerville</i> was widely available in <a href="/wiki/Cold_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold type">cold type</a>. Alphatype, <a href="/wiki/Information_International,_Inc." title="Information International, Inc.">Autologic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berthold_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berthold (company)">Berthold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compugraphic" title="Compugraphic">Compugraphic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dymo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dymo">Dymo</a>, Star/Photon, <a href="/wiki/Harris_Corporation" title="Harris Corporation">Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Mergenthaler</a>, MGD Graphic Systems, <a href="/wiki/Itek" title="Itek">Varityper</a>, Hell AG and <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Imaging" title="Monotype Imaging">Monotype</a>, all sold the face under the name <i>Baskerville,</i> while <a href="/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation">Graphic Systems Inc.</a> offered the face as <i>Beaumont.</i><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_versions">Digital versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Digital versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Baskerville_comparison.png/220px-Baskerville_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Baskerville_comparison.png/330px-Baskerville_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Baskerville_comparison.png/440px-Baskerville_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="15461" data-file-height="14928" /></a><figcaption>Baskerville revivals take a variety of approaches and the differences are often particularly visible in <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Imaging" title="Monotype Imaging">Monotype's</a>, at top, favours historical accuracy and a quite light colour, retaining the elegant swashed N, Q and T of Baskerville's original. <a href="/wiki/International_Typeface_Corporation" title="International Typeface Corporation">ITC's</a> uses conventional capitals, presumably to offer a more homogenous appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_New_Baskerville_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC_New_Baskerville-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impallari's revival makes the same choice on a thicker structure, more suitable for use at small sizes or onscreen display where there will be no ink spread.<sup id="cite_ref-Libre_Baskerville_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libre_Baskerville-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As a somewhat precise design that emphasises contrast between thick and thin strokes, modern designers may prefer different revivals for different text sizes, printing methods and onscreen display, since a design intended to appear elegant in large text sizes could look too spindly for body text.<sup id="cite_ref-fontfeed.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fontfeed.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors which would be taken into account include compensation for size and ink spread, if any (the extent of which depends on printing methods and type of paper used; it does not occur on screens). Among digitisations, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_%C5%A0torm" title="František Štorm">František Štorm</a>'s extremely complete range of versions is particularly praised for featuring three <a href="/wiki/Font#Optical_size" title="Font">optical sizes</a>, the text version having thicker strokes to increase legibility as metal type does.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Better_options_for_Baskerville_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Better_options_for_Baskerville-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the common digitisation of Baskerville Old Face bundled with many Microsoft products features dramatic contrasts between thin and thick strokes. This makes it most suited to headings, especially since it does not have an italic.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another common question facing revivals is what to do with some letters such as 'N' in italics. On faithful revivals such as the Storm digitisation (shown at top right) they have a swash, but this may be thought too distracting for general use or to space poorly in all-caps text. Accordingly, many revivals substitute (or offer as an alternate) capitals without swashes. </p><p>Dieter Hofrichter, who assisted <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Gerhard_Lange" title="Günter Gerhard Lange">Günter Gerhard Lange</a> in designing a Baskerville revival for <a href="/wiki/Berthold_Type_Foundry" title="Berthold Type Foundry">Berthold</a> around 1980, commented: </p> <blockquote><p>We went to Birmingham where we saw original prints by Baskerville. I was quite astounded by how sharp the printing of his specimens is. They are razor-sharp: it almost hurt your eyes to see them. So elegant and high-contrast! He showed in this way what he could achieve. That was Baskerville's ideal - but not necessarily right for today.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Many companies have provided digital releases (some of older Baskerville revivals), including <a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Linotype</a>, <a href="/wiki/URW%2B%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="URW++">URW++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Inc." title="Bitstream Inc.">Bitstream</a> and <a href="/wiki/SoftMaker" title="SoftMaker">SoftMaker</a> as well as many others. These may have varying features, for example some lacking small caps. <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype Corporation">Monotype</a> Baskerville is installed on Macs as part of <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, while many Windows computers receive Moore's adaptation under the name of Baskerville Old Face in the URW digitisation (that described above) without an italic or bold weight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MrsEaves.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MrsEaves.png/220px-MrsEaves.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MrsEaves.png/330px-MrsEaves.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/MrsEaves.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Eaves" title="Mrs Eaves">Mrs Eaves</a>, a radical reimagination of the Baskerville style by <a href="/wiki/Zuzana_Licko" title="Zuzana Licko">Zuzana Licko</a>, with a low x-height for <a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">display</a> use.</figcaption></figure> <p>A particularly idiosyncratic Baskerville revival is <a href="/wiki/Mrs_Eaves" title="Mrs Eaves">Mrs Eaves</a> (1996), designed by <a href="/wiki/Zuzana_Licko" title="Zuzana Licko">Zuzana Licko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Named after Baskerville's housekeeper-turned-wife, it uses a low <a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a> to create a bright page without reducing stroke width. Not intended for extended body text, it is often used on book titles and headings.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses a variety of <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a> to create effects with linked characters.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Licko later created a <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> companion, Mr. Eaves. </p><p>Big Moore by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Carter" title="Matthew Carter">Matthew Carter</a> is a recent digitisation of the larger sizes of Isaac Moore's early adaptation, often called Baskerville Old Face, with an italic.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harriet is an adaptation by Okaytype inspired by American nineteenth-century printing.<sup id="cite_ref-Harriet_series_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harriet_series-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Libre Baskerville is optimised for on-screen reading with a taller x-height, wider <a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">counters</a> and lower stroke contrast.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/220px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/330px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Canada_wordmark.svg/440px-Canada_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a><figcaption>The 'Canada' <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some examples of volumes published by Baskerville. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milton_Baskerville.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Milton's Paradise Lost (1758)"><img alt="John Milton's Paradise Lost (1758)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Milton_Baskerville.jpg/82px-Milton_Baskerville.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Milton_Baskerville.jpg/123px-Milton_Baskerville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Milton_Baskerville.jpg/164px-Milton_Baskerville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (1758)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Work-baskerville.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volume One of The works of Joseph Addison (1761)"><img alt="Volume One of The works of Joseph Addison (1761)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Work-baskerville.jpg/95px-Work-baskerville.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Work-baskerville.jpg/142px-Work-baskerville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Work-baskerville.jpg/190px-Work-baskerville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Volume One of <i>The works of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a></i> (1761)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville_bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Title page of Baskerville's 1763 Bible (showing additional custom lettering)"><img alt="Title page of Baskerville's 1763 Bible (showing additional custom lettering)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Baskerville_bible.jpg/76px-Baskerville_bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Baskerville_bible.jpg/113px-Baskerville_bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Baskerville_bible.jpg/151px-Baskerville_bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Title page of Baskerville's 1763 Bible (showing additional custom <a href="/wiki/Lettering" title="Lettering">lettering</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BaskervilleVirgil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The 1766 translation of Virgil into English, by Robert Andrews"><img alt="The 1766 translation of Virgil into English, by Robert Andrews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BaskervilleVirgil.JPG/76px-BaskervilleVirgil.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BaskervilleVirgil.JPG/114px-BaskervilleVirgil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BaskervilleVirgil.JPG/152px-BaskervilleVirgil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="946" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 1766 translation of Virgil into English, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_(translator)" title="Robert Andrews (translator)">Robert Andrews</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baskerville's 1760 Book of Common Prayer."><img alt="Baskerville's 1760 Book of Common Prayer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/70px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/105px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/140px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="3116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baskerville's 1760 <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An edition from 1766."><img alt="An edition from 1766." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg/75px-Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg/112px-Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg/149px-Baskerville_Common_Prayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="2883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An edition from 1766.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It should be realised that "Transitional" is a somewhat nebulous classification, almost always including Baskerville and other typefaces around this period but also sometimes some of the later "old-style" faces such as the work of Caslon and his imitators. In addition, of course Baskerville and others of this period would not have seen their work as "transitional" but as an end in itself. Eliason (2015) provides a leading modern critique and assessment of the classification, but even in 1930 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_F._Johnson" title="Alfred F. Johnson">Alfred F. Johnson</a> called the term "vague and unsatisfactory."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With a few exceptions - some Birmingham publishers local to him used some of his types occasionally, including his foreman Robert Martin.<sup id="cite_ref-Two_unrecorded_Baskerville_items_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Two_unrecorded_Baskerville_items-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The attribution to more is generally quite confidently accepted by scholars and the Baskerville imitation typefaces appear on a specimen issued credited to him personally although some writers only describe the attribution as probable.<sup id="cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Vernacular-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were later claimed to be "cut for John Baskerville in 1768" by its owners Stephenson Blake; modern historians have generally treated this as a misunderstanding or exaggeration.<sup id="cite_ref-Millington_SB_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millington_SB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Typeforms:_a_history_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Typeforms:_a_history-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Transitional' faces moving on from the sixteenth-century model had appeared and become popular on the continent, for instance the Romain du Roi typeface, the work of <a href="/wiki/Joan_Micha%C3%ABl_Fleischman" title="Joan Michaël Fleischman">Joan Michaël Fleischman</a> and Fournier, but these had not become popular in Britain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The slate survives in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Birmingham" title="Library of Birmingham">Library of Birmingham</a>. Unfortunately, none of his gravestones or formal calligraphy are known to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mosley also notes that it is not certain, that Bodoni actually planned to come to England with the specific goal of meeting Baskerville, as has sometimes been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosley_meeting_Baskerville_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosley_meeting_Baskerville-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linotype's upright Baskerville Greek was not based on it but rather copies the style of his roman type.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore was a Birmingham native, but does not appear to have had any connection with Baskerville himself.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Possibly a pseudonym.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Smith's_Printer's_Grammar,_1755_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Smith's_Printer's_Grammar,_1755-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-John_Baskerville_:_type-founder_and_printer,_1706_-1775.-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Baskerville_:_type-founder_and_printer,_1706_-1775._1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenton2014" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Josiah (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0LpUBAAAQBAJ"><i>John Baskerville : type-founder and printer, 1706 -1775</i></a>. [S.l.]: Cambridge Univ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108076227" title="Special:BookSources/9781108076227"><bdi>9781108076227</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Baskerville+%3A+type-founder+and+printer%2C+1706+-1775.&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781108076227&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Josiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0LpUBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odnb_John_Baskerville-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odnb_John_Baskerville_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley" class="citation web cs1">Mosley, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080709/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/1/101001624/">"John Baskerville"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/1/101001624/">the original</a> on 11 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=John+Baskerville&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Findex%2F1%2F101001624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer,_1706-1775-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer,_1706-1775_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenton1914" class="citation book cs1">Benton, Josiah Henry (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029503020"><i>John Baskerville, Type-Founder and Printer, 1706-1775</i></a>. Boston<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Baskerville%2C+Type-Founder+and+Printer%2C+1706-1775&rft.place=Boston&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Josiah+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924029503020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodsley2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dodsley2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Dodsley2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert Dodsley (22 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F5SKgkoYll0C&pg=PA144"><i>The Correspondence of Robert Dodsley: 1733-1764</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52208-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52208-3"><bdi>978-0-521-52208-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Correspondence+of+Robert+Dodsley%3A+1733-1764&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004-01-22&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52208-3&rft.au=Robert+Dodsley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5SKgkoYll0C%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_to_Paradise_Lost_&_Paradise_Regained_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaskerville1758" class="citation book cs1">Baskerville, John (1758). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmCtYLKc3gIC"><i>Preface to Paradise Lost & Paradise Regained</i></a>. Birmingham: John Baskerville, for J & R Tonson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preface+to+Paradise+Lost+%26+Paradise+Regained&rft.place=Birmingham&rft.pub=John+Baskerville%2C+for+J+%26+R+Tonson&rft.date=1758&rft.aulast=Baskerville&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYmCtYLKc3gIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Evolution_of_the_Modern-Face_Roman_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1930" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_F._Johnson" title="Alfred F. Johnson">Johnson, Alfred F.</a> (1930). "The Evolution of the Modern-Face Roman". <i>The Library</i>. s4-XI (3): <span class="nowrap">353–</span>377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flibrary%2Fs4-XI.3.353">10.1093/library/s4-XI.3.353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Modern-Face+Roman&rft.volume=s4-XI&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E353-%3C%2Fspan%3E377&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Flibrary%2Fs4-XI.3.353&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Alfred+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“Transitional”_Typefaces:_The_History_of_a_Typefounding_Classification_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEliason2015" class="citation journal cs1">Eliason, Craig (October 2015). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Transitional" Typefaces: The History of a Typefounding Classification". <i>Design Issues</i>. <b>31</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FDESI_a_00349">10.1162/DESI_a_00349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57569313">57569313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Issues&rft.atitle=%22Transitional%22+Typefaces%3A+The+History+of+a+Typefounding+Classification&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FDESI_a_00349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57569313%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Eliason&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transitional_&_Modern_Type_Families_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhinney" class="citation web cs1">Phinney, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019014539/http://www.graphic-design.com/typography/design/transitional-modern-type-families">"Transitional & Modern Type Families"</a>. <i>Graphic Design & Publishing Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graphic-design.com/typography/design/transitional-modern-type-families">the original</a> on 19 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graphic+Design+%26+Publishing+Center&rft.atitle=Transitional+%26+Modern+Type+Families&rft.aulast=Phinney&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graphic-design.com%2Ftypography%2Fdesign%2Ftransitional-modern-type-families&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Type_Designs_Johnson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Type_Designs_Johnson_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Type_Designs_Johnson_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_F._Johnson" title="Alfred F. Johnson">Johnson, Alfred F.</a> (1959). <i>Type Designs</i>. London: Grafton & Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">69–</span>79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Type+Designs&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Grafton+%26+Co&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Alfred+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fontfeed.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fontfeed.com_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fontfeed.com_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColes" class="citation web cs1">Coles, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228035307/http://fontfeed.com/archives/top-ten-typefaces-used-by-book-design-winners/">"Top Ten Typefaces Used by Book Design Winners"</a>. <i>FontFeed (archived)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fontfeed.com/archives/top-ten-typefaces-used-by-book-design-winners/">the original</a> on 28 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FontFeed+%28archived%29&rft.atitle=Top+Ten+Typefaces+Used+by+Book+Design+Winners&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffontfeed.com%2Farchives%2Ftop-ten-typefaces-used-by-book-design-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Two_unrecorded_Baskerville_items-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Two_unrecorded_Baskerville_items_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPardoe1990" class="citation journal cs1">Pardoe, F.E. (1990). "Two unrecorded Baskerville items". <i>Bulletin of the Printing Historical Society</i> (27): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Printing+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Two+unrecorded+Baskerville+items&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Pardoe&rft.aufirst=F.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English_Vernacular-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_Vernacular_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley1963" class="citation journal cs1">Mosley, James (1963). "English Vernacular". <i>Motif</i>. <b>11</b>: <span class="nowrap">3–</span>56. <q>Their roman, known today as Fry's Baskerville, was probably the work of Isaac Moore, who later became a partner in the foundry. In its larger sizes it is one of the most elegant types which have ever been cut, and it is by no means a simple derivative. The curves of the lower-case letters are flatter than Baskerville's and the serifs are slightly more tapered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motif&rft.atitle=English+Vernacular&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Printer's_Grammar_1787-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Printer's_Grammar_1787_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Printer's_Grammar_1787_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1787" class="citation book cs1">Smith, John (1787). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printersgrammar00smitgoog"><i>The Printer's Grammar</i></a> (1787 ed.). pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printersgrammar00smitgoog/page/n282">271</a>–316<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>Since the first appearance of Smith's Printers Grammar, and Mr. Luckombe's History of Printing, many very useful improvements have been made in the Letter Foundery of Messrs. Fry and Son, which was begun in 1764, and has been continued with great perseverance and assiduity, and at a very considerable expense. The plan on which they first sat out, was an improvement of the Types of the late Mr Baskerville of Birmingham, eminent for his ingenuity in this line, as also for his curious Printing, many proofs of which are extant, and much admired: But the shape of Mr. Caslon's Type has since been copied by them with such accuracy as not to be distinguished from those of that celebrated Founder…The following short Specimen may serve to convey some idea of the Perfection to which that Manufactory is arrived.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Printer%27s+Grammar&rft.pages=271-316&rft.edition=1787&rft.date=1787&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprintersgrammar00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw2017_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaw2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Shaw_(design_historian)" title="Paul Shaw (design historian)">Shaw, Paul</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n7e0DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93"><i>Revival Type: Digital Typefaces Inspired by the Past</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">94–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21929-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21929-6"><bdi>978-0-300-21929-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+Type%3A+Digital+Typefaces+Inspired+by+the+Past&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21929-6&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn7e0DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosley_Typophile-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mosley_Typophile_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosley_Typophile_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mosley" title="James Mosley">Mosley, James</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928102844/http://www.typophile.com/node/45357">"Comments on Typophile thread"</a>. <i>Typophile</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typophile.com/node/45357">the original</a> on 28 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>. <q>The Fry foundry, whose first types in the 1760s were what they called an 'improvement' of Baskerville's...[Stephenson Blake] cast some types from the Fry 'Baskerville' matrices, then decided to add the smaller sizes of this type and market the typeface as Baskerville Old Face.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typophile&rft.atitle=Comments+on+Typophile+thread&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typophile.com%2Fnode%2F45357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millington_SB-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Millington_SB_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMillington2002" class="citation book cs1">Millington, Roy (2002). <i>Stephenson Blake: the last of the Old English typefounders</i> (1st ed.). New Castle, Del. [u.a.]: Oak Knoll Press [u.a.] pp. 104, 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780712347952" title="Special:BookSources/9780712347952"><bdi>9780712347952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephenson+Blake%3A+the+last+of+the+Old+English+typefounders&rft.place=New+Castle%2C+Del.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=104%2C+228&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oak+Knoll+Press+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780712347952&rft.aulast=Millington&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Typeforms:_a_history-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Typeforms:_a_history_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartram2007" class="citation book cs1">Bartram, Alan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/typeformshistory0000bart/page/48"><i>Typeforms: a history</i></a>. London: British Library. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/typeformshistory0000bart/page/48">48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780712309714" title="Special:BookSources/9780712309714"><bdi>9780712309714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Typeforms%3A+a+history&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780712309714&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftypeformshistory0000bart%2Fpage%2F48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Baskerville,_type-founder_and_printer-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_type-founder_and_printer_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>John Baskerville: type-founder and printer, 1706 -1775</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge Univ Press. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108076227" title="Special:BookSources/9781108076227"><bdi>9781108076227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Baskerville%3A+type-founder+and+printer%2C+1706+-1775.&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781108076227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Typographia,_an_Historical_Sketch_of_the_Origin_and_Progress_of_the_Art_of_Printing_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansard1825" class="citation book cs1">Hansard, Thomas Curson (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/typographiaanhi01hansgoog"><i>Typographia, an Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress of the Art of Printing</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/typographiaanhi01hansgoog/page/n303">355</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Typographia%2C+an+Historical+Sketch+of+the+Origin+and+Progress+of+the+Art+of+Printing&rft.pages=355&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Hansard&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Curson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftypographiaanhi01hansgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West1830-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West1830_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_West1830" class="citation book cs1">William West (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historytopograp00westgoog"><i>The history, topography and directory of Warwickshire: inclusive of some portions of the ancient histories of Rous, Camden, Speed, and Dugdale, with curious memoirs of the lives of these early English writers ... a directory of every town and considerable village in the county; a gazetteer of all towns, villages, parishes and hamlets ... and an itinerary ...</i></a> R. Wrightson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historytopograp00westgoog/page/n287">260</a>–273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history%2C+topography+and+directory+of+Warwickshire%3A+inclusive+of+some+portions+of+the+ancient+histories+of+Rous%2C+Camden%2C+Speed%2C+and+Dugdale%2C+with+curious+memoirs+of+the+lives+of+these+early+English+writers+...+a+directory+of+every+town+and+considerable+village+in+the+county%3B+a+gazetteer+of+all+towns%2C+villages%2C+parishes+and+hamlets+...+and+an+itinerary+...&rft.pages=260-273&rft.pub=R.+Wrightson&rft.date=1830&rft.au=William+West&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorytopograp00westgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nichols1812-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nichols1812_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Nichols1812" class="citation book cs1">John Nichols (1812). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/literaryanecdot00nichgoog"><i>Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century;: Comprizing Biographical Memoirs of William Bowyer, Printer, F.S.A. and Many of His Learned Friends; ...</i></a> pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/literaryanecdot00nichgoog/page/n476">450</a>–461.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Anecdotes+of+the+Eighteenth+Century%3B%3A+Comprizing+Biographical+Memoirs+of+William+Bowyer%2C+Printer%2C+F.S.A.+and+Many+of+His+Learned+Friends%3B+...&rft.pages=450-461&rft.date=1812&rft.au=John+Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliteraryanecdot00nichgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baskerville_Punches_1750–1950_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyfus1950" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dreyfus" title="John Dreyfus">Dreyfus, John</a> (1950). "The Baskerville Punches 1750–1950". <i>The Library</i>. <b>s5-V</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">26–</span>48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flibrary%2Fs5-V.1.26">10.1093/library/s5-V.1.26</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library&rft.atitle=The+Baskerville+Punches+1750%E2%80%931950&rft.volume=s5-V&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Flibrary%2Fs5-V.1.26&rft.aulast=Dreyfus&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clayton2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clayton2014_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEwan_Clayton2014" class="citation book cs1">Ewan Clayton (11 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=btw-AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA205"><i>The Golden Thread: A History of Writing</i></a>. Counterpoint LLC. pp. <span class="nowrap">205–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61902-242-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61902-242-3"><bdi>978-1-61902-242-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Thread%3A+A+History+of+Writing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Counterpoint+LLC&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.isbn=978-1-61902-242-3&rft.au=Ewan+Clayton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbtw-AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Baskerville,_Type-Founder_and_Printer_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cambridgelibrarycollection.wordpress.com/2014/09/25/john-baskerville-type-founder-and-printer/">"John Baskerville, Type-Founder and Printer"</a>. <i>Cambridge Library Collection Blog</i>. Cambridge University Press. 25 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Library+Collection+Blog&rft.atitle=John+Baskerville%2C+Type-Founder+and+Printer&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcambridgelibrarycollection.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F09%2F25%2Fjohn-baskerville-type-founder-and-printer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archer-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archer_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArcher" class="citation web cs1">Archer, Carolyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164049/http://historywm.com/wp-content/uploads/Caroline_Archer.pdf">"John Baskerville"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>West Midlands History</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historywm.com/wp-content/uploads/Caroline_Archer.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Midlands+History&rft.atitle=John+Baskerville&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorywm.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FCaroline_Archer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartram2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bartram_(design_writer)" title="Alan Bartram (design writer)">Bartram, Alan</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hudsonriverschoo0000korn"><i>Bauhaus, modernism and the illustrated book</i></a></span>. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300101171" title="Special:BookSources/9780300101171"><bdi>9780300101171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bauhaus%2C+modernism+and+the+illustrated+book&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780300101171&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhudsonriverschoo0000korn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaskell2011-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaskell2011_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Gaskell2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gaskell" title="Philip Gaskell">Philip Gaskell</a> (14 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FqcZCTaLhBcC&pg=PA19"><i>John Baskerville: A Bibliography</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-17072-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-17072-7"><bdi>978-0-521-17072-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Baskerville%3A+A+Bibliography&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0-521-17072-7&rft.au=Philip+Gaskell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFqcZCTaLhBcC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Type:_the_secret_history_of_letters_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoxley2005" class="citation book cs1">Loxley, Simon (2005). <i>Type: the secret history of letters</i>. London [u.a.]: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845110284" title="Special:BookSources/9781845110284"><bdi>9781845110284</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Type%3A+the+secret+history+of+letters&rft.place=London+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781845110284&rft.aulast=Loxley&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Printing_types,_their_history,_forms,_and_use;_a_study_in_survivals_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUpdike1922" class="citation book cs1">Updike, Daniel (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printingtypesthe02updi"><i>Printing types, their history, forms, and use; a study in survivals</i></a>. Harvard University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Printing+types%2C+their+history%2C+forms%2C+and+use%3B+a+study+in+survivals&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Updike&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprintingtypesthe02updi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris_on_Baskerville-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_on_Baskerville_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2012" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Errol (10 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/09/hear-all-ye-people-hearken-o-earth-part-2/">"Hear, All Ye People; Hearken, O Earth (Part 2)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hear%2C+All+Ye+People%3B+Hearken%2C+O+Earth+%28Part+2%29&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Errol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fhear-all-ye-people-hearken-o-earth-part-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKitterick1998-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKitterick1998_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_McKitterick1998" class="citation book cs1">David McKitterick (27 August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dsdgIPlNK4YC&pg=PA195"><i>A History of Cambridge University Press: Volume 2, Scholarship and Commerce, 1698-1872</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">195–</span>202, <span class="nowrap">216–</span>219, 244, 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30802-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30802-1"><bdi>978-0-521-30802-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cambridge+University+Press%3A+Volume+2%2C+Scholarship+and+Commerce%2C+1698-1872&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E202%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E216-%3C%2Fspan%3E219%2C+244%2C+253&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998-08-27&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30802-1&rft.au=David+McKitterick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdsdgIPlNK4YC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosley_Gaskell_review_Motif-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mosley_Gaskell_review_Motif_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley" class="citation journal cs1">Mosley, James. "Typefounder and Printer (Review of John Baskerville: A Bibliography by Philip Gaskell)". <i>Motif</i>: 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motif&rft.atitle=Typefounder+and+Printer+%28Review+of+John+Baskerville%3A+A+Bibliography+by+Philip+Gaskell%29&rft.pages=106&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_Typeface-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_Typeface_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawson1990" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, Alexander (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FiJ87ixLs0sC"><i>Anatomy of a Typeface</i></a> (1st ed.). Boston: Godine. pp. 184–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879233334" title="Special:BookSources/9780879233334"><bdi>9780879233334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+Typeface&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=184-&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Godine&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780879233334&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFiJ87ixLs0sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin1840-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin1840_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Franklin1840" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin Franklin (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ME1DAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA212"><i>The Works of Benjamin Franklin: Containing Several Political and Historical Tracts Not Included in Any Former Edition, and Many Letters, Official and Private, Not Hitherto Published; with Notes and a Life of the Author</i></a>. Hillard, Gray. pp. <span class="nowrap">212–</span>5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Benjamin+Franklin%3A+Containing+Several+Political+and+Historical+Tracts+Not+Included+in+Any+Former+Edition%2C+and+Many+Letters%2C+Official+and+Private%2C+Not+Hitherto+Published%3B+with+Notes+and+a+Life+of+the+Author&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E212-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Hillard%2C+Gray&rft.date=1840&rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DME1DAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosley_meeting_Baskerville-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mosley_meeting_Baskerville_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mosley" title="James Mosley">Mosley, James</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220175150/http://www.typophile.com/node/75281">"Comments on Typophile thread"</a>. <i>Typophile</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typophile.com/node/75281">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typophile&rft.atitle=Comments+on+Typophile+thread&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typophile.com%2Fnode%2F75281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dibdin-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dibdin_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDibdin1808" class="citation book cs1">Dibdin, Thomas (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/knowledgeofrarev02dibdiala"><i>An introduction to the knowledge of rare and valuable editions of the Greek and Latin classics (Dibdin on the Classics)</i></a>. Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/knowledgeofrarev02dibdiala/page/336">336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+knowledge+of+rare+and+valuable+editions+of+the+Greek+and+Latin+classics+%28Dibdin+on+the+Classics%29&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Printed+for+Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+and+Orme&rft.date=1808&rft.aulast=Dibdin&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fknowledgeofrarev02dibdiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transitional_Faces-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Transitional_Faces_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2014" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Alastair (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poltroonpress.com/book/transitional-faces-the-lives-work-of-richard-austin-type-cutter-and-richard-turner-austin-wood-engraver/"><i>Transitional Faces: The Lives & Work of Richard Austin, type-cutter, and Richard Turner Austin, wood-engraver</i></a>. Berkeley: Poltroon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0918395320" title="Special:BookSources/978-0918395320"><bdi>978-0918395320</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transitional+Faces%3A+The+Lives+%26+Work+of+Richard+Austin%2C+type-cutter%2C+and+Richard+Turner+Austin%2C+wood-engraver&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=Poltroon+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0918395320&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poltroonpress.com%2Fbook%2Ftransitional-faces-the-lives-work-of-richard-austin-type-cutter-and-richard-turner-austin-wood-engraver%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaskell1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gaskell" title="Philip Gaskell">Gaskell, Philip</a> (1986). <i>A Bibliography of the Foulis Press</i> (2nd ed.). Winchester, Hampshire, England: St Paul's Bibliographies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0906795133" title="Special:BookSources/0906795133"><bdi>0906795133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Bibliography+of+the+Foulis+Press&rft.place=Winchester%2C+Hampshire%2C+England&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St+Paul%27s+Bibliographies&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0906795133&rft.aulast=Gaskell&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Large_Face_of_the_eighteenth_century-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Large_Face_of_the_eighteenth_century_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mosley" title="James Mosley">Mosley, James</a> (1987). "A Large Face of the eighteenth century". <i>Printing Historical Society Bulletin</i>: <span class="nowrap">253–</span>254. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0144-7505">0144-7505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Printing+Historical+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+Large+Face+of+the+eighteenth+century&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E254&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0144-7505&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castleton.edu/athletics/licensing/styleguide_08.pdf">"Castleton State College: Athletic Logo Usage and Style Guidelines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Castleton_State_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Castleton State College">Castleton State College</a>. August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Castleton+State+College%3A+Athletic+Logo+Usage+and+Style+Guidelines&rft.pub=Castleton+State+College&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.castleton.edu%2Fathletics%2Flicensing%2Fstyleguide_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monotype_Baskerville-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monotype_Baskerville_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaltype.co.uk/downloads/mr/mr_32_1.pdf">"Monotype Baskerville"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Monotype Recorder</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monotype+Recorder&rft.atitle=Monotype+Baskerville&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metaltype.co.uk%2Fdownloads%2Fmr%2Fmr_32_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollard-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pollard_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_W._Pollard1900" class="citation book cs1">Alfred W. Pollard (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IH5suxp6Gb8C&pg=PT252"><i>A Short History of English Printing, 1476-1898</i></a>. Library of Alexandria. pp. <span class="nowrap">252–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-4384-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-4384-4"><bdi>978-1-4655-4384-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+English+Printing%2C+1476-1898&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E252-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1900&rft.isbn=978-1-4655-4384-4&rft.au=Alfred+W.+Pollard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIH5suxp6Gb8C%26pg%3DPT252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent1986-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kent1986_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen_Kent1986" class="citation book cs1">Allen Kent (28 February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2Ru5UYWZdMC&pg=PA11"><i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 40 - Supplement 5: Austria: National Library of to The Swiss National Library</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-2040-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-2040-7"><bdi>978-0-8247-2040-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science%3A+Volume+40+-+Supplement+5%3A+Austria%3A+National+Library+of+to+The+Swiss+National+Library&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1986-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2040-7&rft.au=Allen+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2Ru5UYWZdMC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_in_the_Nineteenth_Century:_A_Catalogue-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_in_the_Nineteenth_Century:_A_Catalogue_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowman1992" class="citation book cs1">Bowman, J. H. (1992). <i>Greek Printing Types in Britain in the Nineteenth Century: A Catalogue</i>. Oxford: Oxford Bibliographical Society. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901420503" title="Special:BookSources/9780901420503"><bdi>9780901420503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Printing+Types+in+Britain+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Catalogue&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Oxford+Bibliographical+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780901420503&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greek_Printing_Types_in_Britain_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowman1998" class="citation book cs1">Bowman, J.H. (1998). <i>Greek Printing Types in Britain: from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century</i>. Thessaloniki: Typophilia. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789607285201" title="Special:BookSources/9789607285201"><bdi>9789607285201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Printing+Types+in+Britain%3A+from+the+late+eighteenth+century+to+the+early+twentieth+century&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Typophilia&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9789607285201&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Reappraisal_of_Baskerville's_Greek_Types-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Reappraisal_of_Baskerville's_Greek_Types_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeonidas2017" class="citation book cs1">Leonidas, Gerry (5 October 2017). "A Reappraisal of Baskerville's Greek Types". In Archer-Parré, Caroline; Dick, Malcolm (eds.). <i>John Baskerville: Art and Industry of the Enlightenment</i>. Liverpool University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">133–</span>151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786948601" title="Special:BookSources/9781786948601"><bdi>9781786948601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Reappraisal+of+Baskerville%27s+Greek+Types&rft.btitle=John+Baskerville%3A+Art+and+Industry+of+the+Enlightenment&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.isbn=9781786948601&rft.aulast=Leonidas&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_primer_on_Greek_type_design-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_primer_on_Greek_type_design_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeonidas" class="citation web cs1">Leonidas, Gerry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104212416/http://leonidas.org/text-archive/">"A primer on Greek type design"</a>. Gerry Leonidas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leonidas.org/text-archive/">the original</a> on 4 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+primer+on+Greek+type+design&rft.pub=Gerry+Leonidas&rft.aulast=Leonidas&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleonidas.org%2Ftext-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GFS-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GFS_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018181420/http://greekfontsociety.gr/typefaces/18th_century">"Greek Typefaces of the 18th century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greek_Font_Society" title="Greek Font Society">Greek Font Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/typefaces/18th_century">the original</a> on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Typefaces+of+the+18th+century&rft.pub=Greek+Font+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greekfontsociety.gr%2Ftypefaces%2F18th_century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent1986_Greek-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kent1986_Greek_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen_Kent1986" class="citation book cs1">Allen Kent (28 February 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2Ru5UYWZdMC&pg=PA18"><i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 40 - Supplement 5: Austria: National Library of to The Swiss National Library</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-2040-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-2040-7"><bdi>978-0-8247-2040-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science%3A+Volume+40+-+Supplement+5%3A+Austria%3A+National+Library+of+to+The+Swiss+National+Library&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1986-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2040-7&rft.au=Allen+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2Ru5UYWZdMC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Into_Print_Baskerville's_Ornaments-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Into_Print_Baskerville's_Ornaments_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyfus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dreyfus" title="John Dreyfus">Dreyfus, John</a>. "Baskerville's Ornaments". <i>Into Print</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baskerville%27s+Ornaments&rft.btitle=Into+Print&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.aulast=Dreyfus&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Specimen_by_Isaac_Moore_&_Co.,_1766_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108001212/http://pplspc.org/digital/items/show/60">"A Specimen by Isaac Moore & Co., 1766"</a>. <i>Providence Public Library</i>. saac Moore & Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pplspc.org/digital/items/show/60">the original</a> on 8 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Providence+Public+Library&rft.atitle=A+Specimen+by+Isaac+Moore+%26+Co.%2C+1766&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpplspc.org%2Fdigital%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. <i>The Encyclopedia of Type Faces.</i> Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7137-1347-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7137-1347-X">0-7137-1347-X</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawson, Alexander. <i>Anatomy of a Typeface.</i> David R. Godine, Publisher, Inc.: 1990, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gentleman's_Magazine_Fry-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gentleman's_Magazine_Fry_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GGU3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA558">"Obituary: Dr Fry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gentleman%27s_Magazine" title="The Gentleman's Magazine">The Gentleman's Magazine</a></i> (May): <span class="nowrap">557–</span>8. May 1838.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gentleman%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Dr+Fry&rft.issue=May&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E557-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1838-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGGU3AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baskerville_Old_Face_Microsoft_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=79">"Baskerville Old Face"</a>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baskerville+Old+Face&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftypography%2Ffonts%2Ffamily.aspx%3FFID%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Smith's_Printer's_Grammar,_1755-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Smith's_Printer's_Grammar,_1755_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosley" class="citation web cs1">Mosley, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typefoundry.blogspot.com/2007/10/john-smiths-printers-grammar-1755_02.html">"John Smith's Printer's Grammar, 1755"</a>. <i>Typefoundry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typefoundry&rft.atitle=John+Smith%27s+Printer%27s+Grammar%2C+1755&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypefoundry.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F10%2Fjohn-smiths-printers-grammar-1755_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morison_Barker_Bell-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morison_Barker_Bell_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorisonBarker1981" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Stanley; Barker, Nicolas (1981). <i>John Bell, 1745-1831: Bookseller, Printer, Publisher, Typefounder, Journalist &c</i> (Repr. of the 1930 ed.). New York [u.a.]: Garland. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824038878" title="Special:BookSources/9780824038878"><bdi>9780824038878</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Bell%2C+1745-1831%3A+Bookseller%2C+Printer%2C+Publisher%2C+Typefounder%2C+Journalist+%26c&rft.place=New+York+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=x&rft.edition=Repr.+of+the+1930&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780824038878&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Barker%2C+Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morison1973-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morison1973_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanley_Morison1973" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Morison (7 June 1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tallyoftypes0000mori"><i>A Tally of Types</i></a></span>. CUP Archive. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tallyoftypes0000mori/page/81">81</a>–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09786-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09786-4"><bdi>978-0-521-09786-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tally+of+Types&rft.pages=81-91&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1973-06-07&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09786-4&rft.au=Stanley+Morison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftallyoftypes0000mori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Methods_of_Book_Design-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Methods_of_Book_Design_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williamson_(book_designer)" title="Hugh Williamson (book designer)">Williamson, Hugh</a> (1956). <i>Methods of Book Design</i>. 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Too light"</a>. <i>Typographica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typographica&rft.atitle=Digital+versions+are+poor+for+text.+Too+light&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Ftypographica%2Fstatus%2F578100956732133377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawson, Alexander. <i>Anatomy Of A Typeface.</i> David R. Godine, Publisher, Inc.: 1990, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoefler" class="citation web cs1">Hoefler, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/blog/whats-in-a-font-name">"What's in a font name?"</a>. Hoefler & Frere-Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from the original on 15 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>The Baskerville system font is mediocre: brittle and excessively quaint. The best recreation of the traditional Baskerville look is Baskerville 10. The definitive modernist reinterpretation is Mrs Eaves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typography+for+Lawyers+%28archived%29&rft.atitle=Better+options+for+Baskerville&rft.aulast=Butterick&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypographyforlawyers.com%2Fbaskerville.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/storm/baskerville-original-pro/">"Storm Type Baskerville Original Pro"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+Moore+FB&rft.pub=Font+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontbureau.com%2Ffonts%2FBigMoore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harriet_series-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harriet_series_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMora" class="citation web cs1">Mora, André. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typographica.org/typeface-reviews/harriet-series/">"Harriet series"</a>. <i>Typographica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typographica&rft.atitle=Harriet+series&rft.aulast=Mora&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypographica.org%2Ftypeface-reviews%2Fharriet-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French, N. (2018). InDesign Type: Professional Typography with Adobe InDesign. United Kingdom: Pearson Education.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawson1990" class="citation cs2">Lawson, Alexander S. (1990), <i><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_a_Typeface" title="Anatomy of a Typeface">Anatomy of a Typeface</a></i>, Boston: Godine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87923-333-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87923-333-8"><bdi>0-87923-333-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+Typeface&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Godine&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87923-333-8&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Alexander+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeggsCarter1993" class="citation cs2">Meggs, Philip B. & Carter, Rob (1993), <i>Typographic Specimens: The Great Typefaces</i>, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-442-00758-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-442-00758-2"><bdi>0-442-00758-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Typographic+Specimens%3A+The+Great+Typefaces&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand+Reinhold&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-442-00758-2&rft.aulast=Meggs&rft.aufirst=Philip+B.&rft.au=Carter%2C+Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeggsMcKelvey2000" class="citation cs2">Meggs, Philip B. & McKelvey, Roy (2000), <i>Revival of the Fittest</i>, New York: RC Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883915-08-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-883915-08-2"><bdi>1-883915-08-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+of+the+Fittest&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=RC+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-883915-08-2&rft.aulast=Meggs&rft.aufirst=Philip+B.&rft.au=McKelvey%2C+Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUpdike1980" class="citation cs2">Updike, Daniel Berkley (1980) [1922], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printingtypesth00updigoog"><i>Printing Types Their History, Forms and Use</i></a>, vol. II, New York: Dover Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-23929-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-23929-2"><bdi>0-486-23929-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Printing+Types+Their+History%2C+Forms+and+Use&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-486-23929-2&rft.aulast=Updike&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Berkley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprintingtypesth00updigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaskerville" class="Z3988"></span> - general survey of printing including of the years after Baskerville & his influence on printing. Many illustrations.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baskerville&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Engraved" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Engraved">Academy Engraved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Typewriter" title="American Typewriter">American Typewriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelas_(typeface)" title="Athelas (typeface)">Athelas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baskerville MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Caslon" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Caslon">Big Caslon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodoni" title="Bodoni">Bodoni 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canela_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canela (typeface)">Canela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_(typeface)" title="Cochin (typeface)">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Charter" title="Bitstream Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didot_(typeface)" title="Didot (typeface)">Didot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klim_Type_Foundry" title="Klim Type Foundry">Domaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoefler_Text" title="Hoefler Text">Hoefler Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowan_Old_Style" title="Iowan Old Style">Iowan Old Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marion (typeface)">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(2019_typeface)" title="New York (2019 typeface)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produkt_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Produkt (typeface)">Produkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Type" title="Commercial Type">Publico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STIX_Fonts_project" title="STIX Fonts project">STIX Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_(typeface)" title="Clarendon (typeface)">Superclarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino">Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Serif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_(typeface)" title="Rockwell (typeface)">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times, Times New Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adelle Sans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial, Arial Rounded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arial_Unicode_MS" title="Arial Unicode MS">Arial Unicode MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenir_(typeface)" title="Avenir (typeface)">Avenir, Avenir Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_1451" title="DIN 1451">DIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druk_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk (typeface)">Druk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_(typeface)" title="Euphemia (typeface)">Euphemia UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Grotesk" class="mw-redirect" title="Founders Grotesk">Founders Grotesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_(typeface)" title="Geneva (typeface)">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphik" title="Graphik">Graphik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica, Neue Helvetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_(typeface)" title="Impact (typeface)">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sans_Serif" title="Microsoft Sans Serif">Microsoft Sans Serif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_(typeface)" title="Myriad (typeface)">Myriad Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bi%C4%BEak" title="Peter Biľak">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optima" title="Optima">Optima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbar_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbar (typeface)">Phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxima Nova">Proxima Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_(sans-serif_typeface)" title="San Francisco (sans-serif typeface)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seravek" title="Seravek">Seravek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skia_(typeface)" 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