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<span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Methodology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_and_long_exposure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_and_long_exposure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Short and long exposure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_and_long_exposure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camera_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camera_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Camera movement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Camera_movement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Camera movement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Camera_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Related_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Related techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-dynamic-range_(HDR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-dynamic-range_(HDR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>High-dynamic-range (HDR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-dynamic-range_(HDR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Day-to-night_transitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Day-to-night_transitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Day-to-night transitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day-to-night_transitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Time-lapse photography</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تصوير بالانقضاء الزمني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصوير بالانقضاء الزمني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="تایم لپس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تایم لپس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Таймлапс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таймлапс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmaci%C3%B3_a_intervals" title="Filmació a intervals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filmació a intervals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casosb%C4%9Br" title="Časosběr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Časosběr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitraffer" title="Zeitraffer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeitraffer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse" title="Time-lapse – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_r%C3%A1pida" title="Cámara rápida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara rápida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempopasa_filmado" title="Tempopasa filmado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tempopasa filmado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse" title="Time-lapse – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="تصویربرداری زمان‌گریز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تصویربرداری زمان‌گریز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Accéléré – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accéléré" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grianghrafad%C3%B3ireacht_iar-aga" title="Grianghrafadóireacht iar-aga – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grianghrafadóireacht iar-aga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse" title="Time-lapse – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%86%8D_%EC%B4%AC%EC%98%81" title="저속 촬영 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저속 촬영" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_fotografija" title="Time-lapse fotografija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Time-lapse fotografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotografi_selang-waktu" title="Fotografi selang-waktu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fotografi selang-waktu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotografia_time-lapse" title="Fotografia time-lapse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fotografia time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8" title="הילוך מהיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הילוך מהיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Таймлапс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Таймлапс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse" title="Time-lapse – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapsefotografie" title="Time-lapsefotografie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Time-lapsefotografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1" title="低速度撮影 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="低速度撮影" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervallfotografering" title="Intervallfotografering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Intervallfotografering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_poklatkowy" title="Film poklatkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film poklatkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse" title="Time-lapse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Time-lapse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Замедленная киносъёмка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Замедленная киносъёмка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%DA%95" title="وێنەگری کاتبڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێنەگری کاتبڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajastettu_kuvaus" title="Ajastettu kuvaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ajastettu kuvaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervallfotografering" title="Intervallfotografering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Intervallfotografering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="காலக்கடப்பு ஒளிப்படவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலக்கடப்பு ஒளிப்படவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_atlamal%C4%B1_foto%C4%9Fraf%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Zaman atlamalı fotoğrafçılık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zaman atlamalı fotoğrafçılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Уповільнена кінозйомка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уповільнена кінозйомка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="ٹائم لیپس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹائم لیپس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Time_lapse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Time lapse (disambiguation)">Time lapse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv/300px--Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="768" data-height="432" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv/Sunset_Time_Lapse_31-12-2009.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Sunset time-lapse video</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/300px--Mung_bean_germination.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="225" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Mung_bean_germination.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mung_bean_germination.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1080" data-height="810" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Mung_bean_germination.ogv/Mung_bean_germination.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mung_bean" title="Mung bean">Mung bean</a> seeds germinating, a 10-day time-lapse in roughly 1 minute</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/300px--Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="623" data-mwtitle="Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8,_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8,_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm/Total_Solar_Eclipse_-_April_8%2C_2024_-_Mazatlan_Mexico_-_Ten_Minute_Time_Lapse_v2_1080p.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Ten minute time-lapse video of the total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_April_8,_2024" title="Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024">solar eclipse of April 8, 2024</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mazatl%C3%A1n,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazatlán, Mexico">Mazatlán, Mexico</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv/300px--The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="389" data-mwtitle="The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv/The_ALMA_Time-lapse_Compilation_2012.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">ALMA</a> time-lapse of the night sky<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif/300px-GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif/450px-GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/GeraniumFlowerUnfurl2.gif 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Blossoming <a href="/wiki/Pelargonium" title="Pelargonium">geraniums</a>; two hours are compressed into a few seconds.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Time-lapse photography</b> is a technique in which the frequency at which <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> frames are captured (the <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rate</a>) is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus <i>lapsing</i>. For example, an <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">image</a> of a scene may be captured at 1 frame per second but then played back at 30 frames per second; the result is an apparent 30 times speed increase. </p><p>Processes that would normally appear subtle and slow to the human eye, such as the motion of the sun and stars in the sky or the growth of a plant, become very pronounced. Time-lapse is the extreme version of the <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a> technique of <b>undercranking</b>. <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop motion animation">Stop motion animation</a> is a comparable technique; a subject that does not actually move, such as a puppet, can repeatedly be moved manually by a small distance and photographed. Then, the photographs can be played back as a film at a speed that shows the subject appearing to move. </p><p>Conversely, film can be played at a much lower rate than at which it was captured, which slows down an otherwise fast action, as in <a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">slow motion</a> or <a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">high-speed photography</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some classic subjects of time-lapse photography include: </p> <ul><li>Landscapes and celestial motion</li> <li>Plants and flowers growing</li> <li>Fruit rotting</li> <li>Evolution of a construction project</li> <li>People in the city</li></ul> <p>The technique has been used to photograph crowds, traffic, and even television. The effect of photographing a subject that changes imperceptibly slowly creates a smooth impression of motion. A subject that changes quickly is transformed into an onslaught of activity. </p><p>The inception of time-lapse <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> occurred in 1872 when <a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford" title="Leland Stanford">Leland Stanford</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Eadweard Muybridge</a> to prove whether or not race horses hooves ever are simultaneously in the air when running. The experiments progressed for 6 years until 1878 when Muybridge set up a series of cameras for every few feet of a track which had tripwires the horses triggered as they ran. The photos taken from the multiple cameras were then compiled into a collection of images that recorded the horses running.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first use of time-lapse photography in a feature film was in <a href="/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s" title="Georges Méliès">Georges Méliès</a>' motion picture <i>Carrefour De L'Opera</i> (1897).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/F._Percy_Smith" title="F. Percy Smith">F. Percy Smith</a> pioneered<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of time-lapse in nature photography with his 1910 <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> <i>The Birth of a Flower</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Time-lapse photography of biological phenomena was pioneered by Jean Comandon in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathé Frères">Pathé Frères</a> from 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/F._Percy_Smith" title="F. Percy Smith">F. Percy Smith</a> in 1910 and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Vishniac" title="Roman Vishniac">Roman Vishniac</a> from 1915 to 1918. Time-lapse photography was further pioneered in the 1920s via a series of feature films called <i>Bergfilme</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">mountain films</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Fanck" title="Arnold Fanck">Arnold Fanck</a>, including <i>Das Wolkenphänomen in Maloja</i> (1924) and <a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Mountain_(1926_film)" title="The Holy Mountain (1926 film)"><i>The Holy Mountain</i></a> (1926). </p><p>From 1929 to 1931, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Rife" title="Royal Rife">R. R. Rife</a> astonished journalists with early demonstrations of high magnification time-lapse cine-micrography,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no filmmaker can be credited for popularizing time-lapse techniques more than <a href="/wiki/John_Ott" title="John Ott">John Ott</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> whose life work is documented in the film <i>Exploring the Spectrum</i>. </p><p>Ott's initial "day-job" career was that of a banker, with time-lapse movie photography, mostly of plants, initially just a hobby. Starting in the 1930s, Ott bought and built more and more time-lapse equipment, eventually building a large greenhouse full of plants, cameras, and even self-built automated electric motion control systems for moving the cameras to follow the growth of plants as they developed. He time-lapsed his entire greenhouse of plants and cameras as they worked—a virtual symphony of time-lapse movement. His work was featured on a late 1950s episode of the request TV show <i><a href="/wiki/You_Asked_for_It" title="You Asked for It">You Asked for It</a></i>. </p><p>Ott discovered that the movement of plants could be manipulated by varying the amount of water the plants were given, and varying the color temperature of the lights in the studio. Some colors caused the plants to flower, and other colors caused the plants to bear fruit. Ott discovered ways to change the sex of plants merely by varying the light source's color temperature. By using these techniques, Ott time-lapse animated plants "dancing" up and down synchronized to pre-recorded music tracks. His cinematography of flowers blooming in such classic documentaries as Walt Disney's <i>Secrets of Life</i> (1956), pioneered the modern use of time-lapse on film and television.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ott wrote several books on the history of his time-lapse adventures including <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=My_Ivory_Cellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Ivory Cellar (page does not exist)">My Ivory Cellar</a></i> (1958) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_and_Light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health and Light (page does not exist)">Health and Light</a></i> (1979), and produced the 1975 documentary film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exploring_the_Spectrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exploring the Spectrum (page does not exist)">Exploring the Spectrum</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Scientific_Film_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Scientific Film Institute (page does not exist)">Oxford Scientific Film Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford, United Kingdom">Oxford, United Kingdom</a> specializes in time-lapse and slow-motion systems, and has developed camera systems that can go into (and move through) small places.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Their footage has appeared in TV documentaries and movies. </p><p>PBS's <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA</a></i> series aired a full episode on time-lapse (and slow motion) photography and systems in 1981 titled <i>Moving Still</i>. Highlights of Oxford's work are slow-motion shots of a dog shaking water off himself, with close ups of drops knocking a bee off a flower, as well as a time-lapse sequence of the decay of a dead mouse. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Non-narrative_film" title="Non-narrative film">non-narrative</a> feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Koyaanisqatsi" title="Koyaanisqatsi">Koyaanisqatsi</a></i> (1983) contained time-lapse images of clouds, crowds, and cities filmed by cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Ron_Fricke" title="Ron Fricke">Ron Fricke</a>. Years later, Ron Fricke produced a solo project called <a href="/wiki/Chronos_(film)" title="Chronos (film)"><i>Chronos</i></a> shot using IMAX cameras. Fricke used the technique extensively in the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Baraka_(film)" title="Baraka (film)">Baraka</a></i> (1992) which he photographed on <a href="/wiki/Todd-AO" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO</a> (<a href="/wiki/70_mm_film" title="70 mm film">70 mm</a>) film. </p><p>Countless other films, commercials, TV shows and presentations have included time-lapse material. For example, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Greenaway" title="Peter Greenaway">Peter Greenaway</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Zed_%26_Two_Noughts" title="A Zed & Two Noughts">A Zed & Two Noughts</a></i> features a sub-plot involving time-lapse photography of decomposing animals and includes a composition called "Time Lapse" written for the film by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nyman" title="Michael Nyman">Michael Nyman</a>. In the late 1990s, Adam Zoghlin's time-lapse cinematography was featured in the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Edition" title="Early Edition">Early Edition</a></i>, depicting the adventures of a character that receives tomorrow's newspaper today. <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>'s 1995 series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Plants" title="The Private Life of Plants">The Private Life of Plants</a></i> also utilised the technique extensively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The frame rate of time-lapse movie photography can be varied to virtually any degree, from a rate approaching a normal frame rate (between 24 and 30 frames per second) to only one frame a day, a week, or longer, depending on the subject. </p><p>The term <i>time-lapse</i> can also apply to how long the shutter of the camera is open during the <a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">exposure</a> of <i>each</i> frame of film (or video), and has also been applied to the use of long-shutter openings used in still photography in some older photography circles. In movies, both kinds of time-lapse can be used together, depending on the sophistication of the camera system being used. A night shot of stars moving as the Earth rotates requires both forms. A long exposure of each frame is necessary to enable the dim light of the stars to register on the film. Lapses in time between frames provide the rapid movement when the film is viewed at normal speed. </p><p>As the frame rate of time-lapse photography approaches normal frame rates, these "mild" forms are sometimes referred to simply as <i><b>fast motion</b></i> or (in video) <i>fast forward</i>. This type of borderline time-lapse technique resembles a VCR in a fast forward ("scan") mode. A man riding a bicycle will display legs pumping furiously while he flashes through city streets at the speed of a racing car. Longer exposure rates for each frame can also produce blurs in the man's leg movements, heightening the illusion of speed. </p><p>Two examples of both techniques are the running sequence in Terry Gilliam's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen" title="The Adventures of Baron Munchausen">The Adventures of Baron Munchausen</a></i> (1989), in which a character outraces a speeding bullet, and Los Angeles animator <a href="/wiki/Mike_Jittlov" title="Mike Jittlov">Mike Jittlov</a>'s 1980s short and feature-length films, both titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Speed_and_Time" title="The Wizard of Speed and Time">The Wizard of Speed and Time</a></i>. When used in motion pictures and on television, fast motion can serve one of several purposes. One popular usage is for comic effect. A <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a> comic scene might be played in fast motion with accompanying music. (This form of special effect was often used in <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> comedies in the early days of cinema. </p><p>Another use of fast motion is to speed up slow segments of a TV program that would otherwise take up too much of the time allotted a TV show. This allows, for example, a slow scene in a house redecorating show of furniture being moved around (or replaced with other furniture) to be compressed in a smaller allotment of time while still allowing the viewer to see what took place. </p><p>The opposite of fast motion is slow motion. Cinematographers refer to fast motion as <i>undercranking</i> since it was originally achieved by cranking a handcranked camera slower than normal. <i>Overcranking</i> produces slow motion effects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology">Methodology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Methodology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film is often projected at 24 <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame/s</a>, meaning 24 images appear on the screen every second. Under normal circumstances, a film camera will record images at 24 frame/s since the projection speed and the recording speed are the same. </p><p>Even if the film camera is set to record at a slower speed, it will still be projected at 24 frame/s. Thus the image on screen will appear to move faster. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg/600px-Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg/900px-Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg/1200px-Time-lapse_undercranked_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </p><p>The change in speed of the onscreen image can be calculated by dividing the projection speed by the camera speed. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {perceived\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {actual\ speed} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {perceived\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {actual\ speed} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8777ecde4bc98105b53a13a76f48f7d56850660f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:56ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {perceived\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {actual\ speed} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>So a film recorded at 12 frames per second will appear to move twice as fast. Shooting at camera speeds between 8 and 22 frames per second usually falls into the undercranked fast motion category, with images shot at slower speeds more closely falling into the realm of time-lapse, although these distinctions of terminology have not been entirely established in all movie production circles. </p><p>The same principles apply to video and other digital photography techniques. However, until very recently <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, video cameras have not been capable of recording at variable frame rates. </p><p>Time-lapse can be achieved with some normal movie cameras by simply shooting individual frames manually. But greater accuracy in time-increments and consistency in exposure rates of successive frames are better achieved through a device that connects to the camera's shutter system (camera design permitting) called an <a href="/wiki/Intervalometer" title="Intervalometer">intervalometer</a>. The intervalometer regulates the motion of the camera according to a specific interval of time between frames. Today, many consumer grade digital cameras, including even some <a href="/wiki/Point-and-shoot_camera" title="Point-and-shoot camera">point-and-shoot cameras</a> have hardware or <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> intervalometers available. Some intervalometers can be connected to motion control systems that move the camera on any number of axes as the time-lapse photography is achieved, creating tilts, pans, tracks, and trucking shots when the movie is played at normal frame rate. Ron Fricke is the primary developer of such systems, which can be seen in his short film <i><a href="/wiki/Chronos_(film)" title="Chronos (film)">Chronos</a></i> (1985) and his feature films <i><a href="/wiki/Baraka_(film)" title="Baraka (film)">Baraka</a></i> (1992, released to video in 2001) and <i><a href="/wiki/Samsara_(2011_film)" title="Samsara (2011 film)">Samsara</a></i> (2011). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short_and_long_exposure">Short and long exposure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Short and long exposure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg/250px-Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg/375px-Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg/500px-Time-lapse_frame_interval.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Exposure time in frame interval</figcaption></figure> <p>As mentioned above, in addition to modifying the speed of the camera, it is important to consider the relationship between the frame interval and the exposure time. This relationship controls the amount of <a href="/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur">motion blur</a> present in each frame and is, in principle, exactly the same as adjusting the <a href="/wiki/Rotary_disc_shutter" title="Rotary disc shutter">shutter angle</a> on a movie camera. This is known as "dragging the shutter". </p><p>A film camera normally records images at 24 frames per second (fps). During each <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">24</span></span> second, the film is actually exposed to light for roughly half the time. The rest of the time, it is hidden behind the shutter. Thus exposure time for motion picture film is normally calculated to be <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">48</span></span> second (often rounded to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">50</span></span> second). Adjusting the shutter angle on a film camera (if its design allows), can add or reduce the amount of motion blur by changing the amount of time that the film frame is actually exposed to light. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg/500px-Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg/750px-Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg/1000px-Time-lapse_exposure_time.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Blurring vs. exposure times</figcaption></figure> <p>In time-lapse photography, the camera records images at a specific slow interval such as one frame every thirty seconds (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">30</span></span> fps). The shutter will be open for some portion of that time. In short exposure time-lapse the film is exposed to light for a normal exposure time over an abnormal frame interval. For example, the camera will be set up to expose a frame for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">50</span></span> second every 30 seconds. Such a setup will create the effect of an extremely tight shutter angle giving the resulting film a <a href="/wiki/Stop-motion_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop-motion animation">stop-motion animation</a> quality. </p><p>In long exposure time-lapse, the exposure time will approximate the effects of a normal shutter angle. Normally, this means the exposure time should be half of the frame interval. Thus a 30-second frame interval should be accompanied by a 15-second exposure time to simulate a normal shutter. The resulting film will appear smooth. </p><p>The exposure time can be calculated based on the desired shutter angle effect and the frame interval with the equation: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {exposure\ time} ={\frac {\mathrm {shutter\ angle} }{360^{\circ }}}\times \mathrm {frame\ interval} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mn>360</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {exposure\ time} ={\frac {\mathrm {shutter\ angle} }{360^{\circ }}}\times \mathrm {frame\ interval} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40a6cd217b6855919e53681c90a0c6d670dc5816" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:48.188ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {exposure\ time} ={\frac {\mathrm {shutter\ angle} }{360^{\circ }}}\times \mathrm {frame\ interval} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Long exposure time-lapse is less common because it is often difficult to properly expose film at such a long period, especially in daylight situations. A film frame that is exposed for 15 seconds will receive 750 times more light than its <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">50</span></span> second counterpart. (Thus it will be more than 9 <a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">stops</a> over normal exposure.) A scientific grade <a href="/wiki/Neutral_density_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral density filter">neutral density filter</a> can be used to compensate for the over-exposure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Camera_movement">Camera movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Camera movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most stunning time-lapse images are created by moving the camera during the shot. A time-lapse camera can be mounted to a moving car for example to create a notion of extreme speed. </p><p>However, to achieve the effect of a simple <a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking shot</a>, it is necessary to use <a href="/wiki/Motion_control" title="Motion control">motion control</a> to move the camera. A motion control rig can be set to <a href="/wiki/Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">dolly</a> or <a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">pan</a> the camera at a glacially slow pace. When the image is projected it could appear that the camera is moving at a normal speed while the world around it is in time-lapse. This juxtaposition can greatly heighten the time-lapse illusion. </p><p>The speed that the camera must move to create a perceived normal camera motion can be calculated by inverting the time-lapse equation: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {actual\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {perceived\ speed} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">j</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {actual\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {perceived\ speed} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/deca1d2def77448a352c09245dc92aed506644ee" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:56ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {actual\ speed} ={\frac {\mathrm {camera\ frame\ rate} }{\mathrm {projection\ frame\ rate} }}\times \mathrm {perceived\ speed} }"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Baraka_(film)" title="Baraka (film)">Baraka</a> was one of the first films to use this effect to its extreme. <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Director</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a> Ron Fricke designed his own motion control equipment that utilized <a href="/wiki/Stepper_motor" title="Stepper motor">stepper motors</a> to pan, tilt and dolly the camera. </p><p>The short film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Year_Along_the_Abandoned_Road" title="A Year Along the Abandoned Road">A Year Along the Abandoned Road</a></i> shows a whole year passing by in Norway's <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B8rfjord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Børfjord (page does not exist)">Børfjord</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Hasvik_Municipality" title="Hasvik Municipality">Hasvik Municipality</a>) at 50,000 times the normal speed in just 12 minutes. The camera was moved, manually, slightly each day, and so the film gives the viewer the impression of seamlessly travelling around the <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a> as the year goes along, each day compressed into a few seconds. </p><p>A panning time-lapse image can be easily and inexpensively achieved by using a widely available <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_mount" title="Equatorial mount">equatorial telescope mount</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a> motor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two axis pans can be achieved as well, with contemporary motorized telescope mounts. </p><p>A variation of these are rigs that move the camera during exposures of each frame of film, blurring the entire image. Under controlled conditions, usually with computers carefully making the movements during and between each frame, some exciting blurred artistic and visual effects can be achieved, especially when the camera is mounted on a tracking system that enables its own movement through space. </p><p>The most classic example of this is the "slit-scan" opening of the "stargate" sequence toward the end of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i> (1968), created by Douglas Trumbull. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_techniques">Related techniques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlapse" title="Hyperlapse">Hyperlapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_control_photography" title="Motion control photography">Motion control photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure photography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-dynamic-range_(HDR)"><span id="High-dynamic-range_.28HDR.29"></span>High-dynamic-range (HDR)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: High-dynamic-range (HDR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Time-lapse can be combined with techniques such as <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range imaging">high-dynamic-range imaging</a>. One method to achieve HDR involves <a href="/wiki/Bracketing" title="Bracketing">bracketing</a> for each frame. Three photographs are taken at separate <a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">exposure values</a> (capturing the three in immediate succession) to produce a group of pictures for each frame representing the highlights, mid-tones, and shadows. The bracketed groups are consolidated into individual frames. Those frames are then sequenced into video. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Day-to-night_transitions">Day-to-night transitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Day-to-night transitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Day-to-night transitions are among the most demanding scenes in time-lapse photography and the method used to deal with those transitions is commonly referred to as the "Holy Grail" technique.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a remote area not affected by <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a> the night sky is about ten million times darker than the sky on a sunny day, which corresponds to 23 <a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">exposure values</a>. In the analog age, blending techniques have been used in order to handle this difference: One shot has been taken in daytime and the other one in the night from exactly the same <a href="/wiki/Camera_angle" title="Camera angle">camera angle</a>. </p><p>Digital photography provides many ways to handle day-to-night transitions, such as automatic <a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">exposure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_speed#Digital_camera_ISO_speed_and_exposure_index" title="Film speed">ISO</a>, bulb ramping and several software solutions to operate the camera from a computer or smartphone.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benny_Hill_Show" title="The Benny Hill Show">The Benny Hill Show</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyday_(video)" title="Everyday (video)"><i>Everyday</i> (video)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Way" title="The Longest Way">The Longest Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann12099/">"ALMA Time-lapse Video Compilation Released"</a>. <i>ESO Announcement</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESO+Announcement&rft.atitle=ALMA+Time-lapse+Video+Compilation+Released&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org%2Fpublic%2Fannouncements%2Fann12099%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203124055/http://www.wingscapes.com/blog/from-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography/">"Blog - From Ponies to ProjectCam: The History of Time Lapse Photography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wingscapes.com/blog/from-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography/">the original</a> on 2014-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog+-+From+Ponies+to+ProjectCam%3A+The+History+of+Time+Lapse+Photography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wingscapes.com%2Fblog%2Ffrom-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston2015" class="citation book cs1">Weston, Chris (2015-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3StACwAAQBAJ&q=first+time-lapse+georges+melies+carrefour+de+l%27opera&pg=PT9"><i>Spanning Time: The Essential Guide to Time-lapse Photography</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317907466" title="Special:BookSources/9781317907466"><bdi>9781317907466</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spanning+Time%3A+The+Essential+Guide+to+Time-lapse+Photography&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft.isbn=9781317907466&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3StACwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfirst%2Btime-lapse%2Bgeorges%2Bmelies%2Bcarrefour%2Bde%2Bl%2527opera%26pg%3DPT9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRobbie2017" class="citation web cs1">McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez (2017-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/f-percy-smith-nature-films">"The Shy Edwardian Filmmaker Who Showed Nature's Secrets to the World"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=The+Shy+Edwardian+Filmmaker+Who+Showed+Nature%27s+Secrets+to+the+World&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft.aulast=McRobbie&rft.aufirst=Linda+Rodriguez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Ff-percy-smith-nature-films&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Lucky_Dog_Picturehouse2014" class="citation web cs1">The Lucky Dog Picturehouse (8 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5eAEXKJRmA">"The Birth Of A Flower (1910)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/C5eAEXKJRmA">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-12 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Birth+Of+A+Flower+%281910%29&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.au=The+Lucky+Dog+Picturehouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DC5eAEXKJRmA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/archives/cdj0.html&ei=NnokTPKnPNjNjAep4NiNAQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ7gEwAA&prev=/search?q=Jean+Comandon&hl=en&sa=G&prmd=v">"Google Translate"</a>. <i>translate.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=translate.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Translate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dfr%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.pasteur.fr%2Finfosci%2Farchives%2Fcdj0.html%26ei%3DNnokTPKnPNjNjAep4NiNAQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dtranslate%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CBkQ7gEwAA%26prev%3D%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DJean%2BComandon%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot1912" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Frederick Arthur Ambrose (1912). "Chapter XIV: Moving Pictures of Microbes". <i>Moving Pictures</i>. London: Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XIV%3A+Moving+Pictures+of+Microbes&rft.btitle=Moving+Pictures&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Arthur+Ambrose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Local Man Bares Wonders of Germ Life: Making Moving Pictures of Microbe Drama". <i>San Diego Union</i>. November 3, 1929.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union&rft.atitle=Local+Man+Bares+Wonders+of+Germ+Life%3A+Making+Moving+Pictures+of+Microbe+Drama&rft.date=1929-11-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._H._Dunn1931" class="citation journal cs1">H. H. Dunn (June 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9CcDAAAAMBAJ&q=Germs">"Movie New Eye of Microscope in War on Germs"</a>. <i>Popular Science</i>: 27, 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=Movie+New+Eye+of+Microscope+in+War+on+Germs&rft.pages=27%2C+141&rft.date=1931-06&rft.au=H.+H.+Dunn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9CcDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DGerms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">360 degree example using this method: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhRz5oMhu_c"><i>360 degree panning timelapse</i></a>. 5 May 2007 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=360+degree+panning+timelapse&rft.date=2007-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DzhRz5oMhu_c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Der heilige Gral der Zeitraffer Kinematografie. Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung von Tag zu Nacht Zeitraffern mit DSLR Kameras.</i> Michael Arras (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://monami.hs-mittweida.de/files/4950/Michael_Arras_Bachelorarbeit.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ICP Library of Photographers. <i>Roman Vishniac</i>. Grossman Publishers, New York. 1974.</li> <li><i>Roman Vishniac</i>. Current Biography (1967).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtt1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ott" title="John Ott">Ott, John</a> (1958). <i>My Ivory Cellar</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781176862326" title="Special:BookSources/9781176862326"><bdi>9781176862326</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Ivory+Cellar&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=9781176862326&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtt1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ott" title="John Ott">Ott, John</a> (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/healthlighteffec00ottj"><i>Health and Light</i></a></span>. Pocket Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-80537-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-80537-1"><bdi>0-671-80537-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+and+Light&rft.pub=Pocket+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-671-80537-1&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhealthlighteffec00ottj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATime-lapse+photography" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Exploring the Spectrum</i> John Ott. (1975; DVD re-issue 2008).</li> <li>EBSCO Industries. (2013). From ponies to ProjectCam: The history of time lapse photography. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wingscapes.com/blog/from-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography/">https://www.wingscapes.com/blog/from-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328104612/https://www.wingscapes.com/blog/from-peonies-to-the-projectcam-the-history-of-time-lapse-photography/">Archived</a> 2019-03-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time-lapse_photography&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Time-lapse_exposure" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Time-lapse exposure">Time-lapse exposure</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/time-lapse" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:time-lapse">time-lapse</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanplanet.com/timothyallen/2009/02/time-lapse-photography/">Time-lapse photography tutorial</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Photography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Photography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera#Lomography" title="Toy camera">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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