CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4e563042-aa5b-4b5b-b389-b2e3219f753f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe","wgTitle":"Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe", "wgCurRevisionId":1257588214,"wgRevisionId":1257588214,"wgArticleId":22796,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe","wgRelevantArticleId":22796,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym": "अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym": "閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym": "eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym": "ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym": "ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv", "autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml", "autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk", "autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li", "lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"], "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q81299","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready", "skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="721"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="384"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe rootpage-Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"OSCE" redirects here. For the examination model, see <a href="/wiki/Objective_structured_clinical_examination" title="Objective structured clinical examination">Objective structured clinical examination</a>. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental organization</a> comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia. Its mandate includes issues such as <a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">arms control</a>, the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Free_and_fair_election" title="Free and fair election">free and fair elections</a>. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, and its institutions.<a href="#cite_note-galbreath-3">[3]</a> It has observer status at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe"><img alt="Flag of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="702"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Flag of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:OSCE_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe"><img alt="Logo of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/OSCE_logo.svg/125px-OSCE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/OSCE_logo.svg/188px-OSCE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/OSCE_logo.svg/250px-OSCE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="253"></a></div> <div>Logo</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe"><img alt="Location of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Secretariat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">Intergovernmental organization</a> with no <a href="/wiki/Legal_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal personality">legal personality</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Participating_states">57 participating countries</a> <a href="#Partners_for_co-operation">11 partners for co-operation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Chairmanship">Chairman-in-Office</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Borg" title="Ian Borg">Ian Borg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Mecacci" title="Matteo Mecacci">Matteo Mecacci</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">Representative on Freedom of the Media</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teresa_Ribeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teresa Ribeiro (page does not exist)">Teresa Ribeiro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">High Commissioner on National Minorities</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kairat_Abdrakhmanov" title="Kairat Abdrakhmanov">Kairat Abdrakhmanov</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="#Secretary_General">Secretary-General</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helga_Schmid" title="Helga Schmid">Helga Schmid</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• As the <a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe">Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 July – 1 August 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Paris Charter</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 November 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Renamed OSCE </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1995</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">50,119,801 km2 (19,351,363 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,300,028,916<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25/km2 (64.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$56.813 trillion<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$43,701</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osce.org">osce.org</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The OSCE had its origins in 1975: its predecessors came together during the era of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> to form a forum for discussion between the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Most of its 57 participating countries are in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, but with some members in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> or in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. The participating countries comprise much of the land area of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>. The OSCE is concerned with <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_system" title="Early warning system">early warning</a>, conflict prevention, <a href="/wiki/Crisis_management" title="Crisis management">crisis management</a>, and post-conflict rehabilitation. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Roots">1.1 Roots</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#CSCE_becomes_OSCE">1.2 CSCE becomes OSCE</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Criticism_of_OSCE">1.2.1 Criticism of OSCE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#OSCE_missions_and_operations">1.3 OSCE missions and operations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#1992_Georgia_Mission">1.3.1 1992 Georgia Mission</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#1993_Mission_to_Moldova">1.3.2 1993 Mission to Moldova</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#1995_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">1.3.3 1995 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#1998_Kosovo_Mission">1.3.4 1998 Kosovo Mission</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#2001_Mission_to_Macedonia">1.3.5 2001 Mission to Macedonia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#2001_Mission_to_Serbia">1.3.6 2001 Mission to Serbia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#2006_Mission_to_Montenegro">1.3.7 2006 Mission to Montenegro</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#2012_Texas_election">1.3.8 2012 Texas election</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#2017_Turkey_constitutional_referendum">1.3.9 2017 Turkey constitutional referendum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#OSCE_involvement_in_Ukraine_(2014%E2%80%932021)">1.3.10 OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2014–2021)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#2022_Mission_to_Armenia">1.3.11 2022 Mission to Armenia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#OSCE_involvement_in_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)">1.3.12 OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2022–present)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#OSCE_Parliamentary_Assembly">2 OSCE Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Synopsis_and_list_of_members">3 Synopsis and list of members</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Languages">3.1 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Participating_states">3.2 Participating states</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Partners_for_co-operation">3.2.1 Partners for co-operation</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Legal_status">4 Legal status</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Structure_and_institutions">5 Structure and institutions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#List">5.1 List</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Field_operations">6 Field operations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Active">6.1 Active</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Discontinued">6.2 Discontinued</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Chairmanship">7 Chairmanship</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Chairmanship_history">7.1 Chairmanship history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Secretary_general">8 Secretary general</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Summits_of_heads_of_state_and_government">9 Summits of heads of state and government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Ministerial_Council_Meetings_(ordinary)">9.1 Ministerial Council Meetings (ordinary)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Fiscal_history">9.2 Fiscal history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Relations_with_the_United_Nations">10 Relations with the United Nations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#The_three_dimensions">11 The three dimensions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Politico-military_dimension_(first_dimension)">11.1 Politico-military dimension (first dimension)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Economic_and_environmental_dimension_(second_dimension)">11.2 Economic and environmental dimension (second dimension)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Human_dimension_(third_dimension)">11.3 Human dimension (third dimension)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#OSCE_Democracy_Defender_Award">12 OSCE Democracy Defender Award</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roots">Roots</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roots" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314,_Helsinki,_KSZE-Konferenz,_Schlussakte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg/260px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="518"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg/260px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg/390px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg/520px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0805-314%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Bruno Kreisky</a> at the 1975 CSCE summit in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> The Organization has its roots in the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe">Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (CSCE). Talks had been mooted about a European security grouping since the 1950s but the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> prevented any substantial progress until the talks at <a href="/wiki/Dipoli" title="Dipoli">Dipoli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> began in November 1972. These talks were held at the suggestion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> which wished to use the talks to maintain its control over the <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist states</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a> hosted them in order to bolster his <a href="/wiki/Paasikivi-Kekkonen_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Paasikivi-Kekkonen line">policy of neutrality</a>. <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, however, saw these talks as a way to reduce the tension in the region, furthering economic cooperation and obtaining humanitarian improvements for the populations of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">communist bloc</a>. The recommendations of the talks, in the form of "The Blue Book", gave the practical foundations for a three-stage conference called the "Helsinki process".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The CSCE opened in Helsinki on 3 July 1973 with 35 states sending representatives. Stage I took only five days to agree to follow the Blue Book. Stage II was the main working phase and was conducted in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> from 18 September 1973 until 21 July 1975. The result of Stage II was the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Final Act</a>. This was signed by the 35 participating states during Stage III, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Finlandia_Hall" title="Finlandia Hall">Finlandia Hall</a> between 30 July – 1 August 1975. It was opened by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>'s diplomat Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli" title="Agostino Casaroli">Agostino Casaroli</a>, who was the chairman of the conference. The concepts of improving relations and implementing the act were developed over a series of follow-up meetings, with major gatherings in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> (4 October 1977 – 8 March 1978), <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (11 November 1980 – 9 September 1983) and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (4 November 1986 – 19 January 1989). The <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_commitment" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen commitment">Copenhagen commitment</a> was written "to ensure that individuals are permitted to exercise their rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of association, including the right to form, join and participate effectively in non-governmental organizations, which seek the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms."<a href="#cite_note-nosce-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Mechanism" title="Moscow Mechanism">Moscow Mechanism</a> was agreed in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-mmosce-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CSCE_becomes_OSCE">CSCE becomes OSCE</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: CSCE becomes OSCE" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Soviet Union">fall of the Soviet Union</a> required a change of role for the CSCE.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">why?</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Charter of Paris for a New Europe</a>, signed on 21 November 1990, marked the beginning of this change. The process was capped by the renaming of the CSCE as the OSCE on 1 January 1995, in accordance with the results of a conference held in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> in 1994. The OSCE now had a formal secretariat, a Senior Council, a Parliamentary Assembly, a Conflict Prevention Centre, and an Office for Free Elections, which later became the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. In December 1996, the "<a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Declaration">Lisbon Declaration</a> on a Common and Comprehensive Security Model for Europe for the Twenty-First Century" affirmed the universal and <a href="/wiki/Indivisible_security" title="Indivisible security">indivisible nature of security</a> on the European continent. In <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> on 19 November 1999, the OSCE ended a two-day summit<a href="#cite_note-NATO_Review_2000_z633-9">[9]</a> by calling for a political settlement in <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a><a href="#cite_note-RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty_1999_z527-10">[10]</a> and adopting a <a href="/wiki/Charter_for_European_Security" title="Charter for European Security">Charter for European Security</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NATO_Review_2000_z633-9">[9]</a> Through its <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a> (ODIHR), the OSCE observes and assesses elections in its member states, in order to support fair and transparent democratic processes, in keeping with the mutual standards to which the organization is committed; between 1994 and 2004 the OSCE sent teams of observers to monitor more than 150 elections, typically focusing on elections in emerging democracies.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday2004-11">[11]</a> In 2004, at the invitation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> Government, the ODIHR deployed an assessment mission, made up of participants from six OSCE member states, which observed that year's US presidential election and produced a report.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> It was the first time that a US presidential election was the subject of OSCE monitoring, although the organization had previously monitored state-level American elections in Florida and California, in 2002 and 2003.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday2004-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_of_OSCE">Criticism of OSCE</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism of OSCE" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Members of OSCE have criticised the organisation for being in a position where Russia, and sometimes Belarus, can veto all OSCE decisions, Moscow has, for a number of years, not allowed the approval of the organisation's budget, the organisation of official OSCE events or the extension of missions. In November 2023 they vetoed the appointment of Estonia as chairman from 2024.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OSCE_missions_and_operations">OSCE missions and operations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: OSCE missions and operations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1992_Georgia_Mission">1992 Georgia Mission</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1992 Georgia Mission" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The OSCE Mission to Georgia was established in November 1992 with its headquarters in the capital <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>. The Mission's mandate expired on 31 December 2008. Between these dates it was powerless to control the outbreak of the August 2008 <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Georgian war">Russo-Georgian war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gosce-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1993_Mission_to_Moldova">1993 Mission to Moldova</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1993 Mission to Moldova" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The objective of the mission to <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> is to facilitate a comprehensive and lasting political settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a> in all its aspects, strengthening the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Moldova">Republic of Moldova</a> within its internationally recognised borders with a special status for <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> OSCE promoted a <a href="/wiki/5%2B2_format" title="5+2 format">5+2 format</a> as a diplomatic negotiation platform, which began in 2005, suspended by Russia and Transnistria in 2006 until it started again in 2012, before making slow progress over the next ten years. The process stopped following the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> as two of the parties were then at war with each other. In December 2022 Russia blocked the renewal of the annual mandate by limiting it to a six month period, repeated again in June 2023 to another six month period.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1995_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">1995 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1995 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> concluded in 1995 with the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> with the ongoing OSCE Mission being mandated to helping to secure lasting peace and therefore to build a stable, secure, and democratic state through building sustainable democratic institutions, strengthening good governance and human rights principles, and supporting the development of a multi-national and multi-ethnic democratic society.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1998_Kosovo_Mission">1998 Kosovo Mission</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1998 Kosovo Mission" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The OSCE <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Verification_Mission" title="Kosovo Verification Mission">Kosovo Verification Mission</a> was established by the Permanent Council in October 1998 and shuttered in June 1999 amidst the recalcitrance of the <a href="/wiki/Milosevic_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Milosevic regime">Milosevic regime</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 1999 <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="OSCE Mission in Kosovo">OSCE Mission in Kosovo</a> took over the work in Kosovo where it concentrates on institution and democracy building, as well as human rights. The OSCE's refusal to police events surrounding the <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">2008 Kosovo declaration of independence</a> still rankles in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-rusview-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2001_Mission_to_Macedonia">2001 Mission to Macedonia</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2001 Mission to Macedonia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The ongoing Mission to Macedonia is monitoring and supporting the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Agreement_(2001)" title="Ohrid Agreement (2001)">Ohrid Framework Agreement</a> that put an end to the 2001 armed conflict in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2001_Mission_to_Serbia">2001 Mission to Serbia</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2001 Mission to Serbia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The current mission to Serbia started after <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> lost his power as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="President of Serbia and Montenegro">President of Serbia and Montenegro</a> in 2000. The mission was mandated to assist the authorities and civil society with democratic development and human rights protection, including the rights of persons belonging to national minorities. To promote democratisation, tolerance and the rule of law.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2006_Mission_to_Montenegro">2006 Mission to Montenegro</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2006 Mission to Montenegro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The current mission began with the <a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">2006 Montenegrin independence referendum</a>, monitored by OSCE, with a mandate being granted with the objective of assisting and promoting the implementation of OSCE principles and commitments including the politico-military and human aspects of security and stability.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012_Texas_election">2012 Texas election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2012 Texas election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Before the U.S. presidential elections of November 2012, the OSCE announced its intention to send electoral observers to Texas and to other <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a>. This prompted the Attorney General of Texas <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> to send letters to U.S. <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and to the OSCE,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> threatening to arrest OSCE officials if they should enter electoral premises in Texas and break <a href="/wiki/Texas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas law">Texas law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In reply, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> stated that OSCE observers enjoyed immunities.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In the event, no incidents between OSCE and Texas authorities were recorded during the elections. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_Turkey_constitutional_referendum">2017 Turkey constitutional referendum</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2017 Turkey constitutional referendum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In April 2017, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> criticized the OSCE for reporting that opposition "No" campaigners in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">Turkish constitutional referendum</a> had faced bans, police interventions and arrests. Erdoğan said: "Now the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe says if the result is 'yes', that means there are a lot of problems. Who are you? First of all, you should know your place. This is not your duty."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OSCE_involvement_in_Ukraine_(2014–2021)">OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2014–2021)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2014–2021)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_(16524364807).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg/220px-OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2002"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg/220px-OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg/330px-OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg/440px-OSCE_SMM_monitoring_the_movement_of_heavy_weaponry_in_eastern_Ukraine_%2816524364807%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>OSCE SMM monitoring the movement of heavy weaponry in eastern Ukraine</figcaption></figure> On 21 March 2014, the OSCE deployed its <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a> at the request of Ukraine's government.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The mission has received mixed reviews. While some observers have applauded its function as the "eyes and ears of the international community",<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> others have accused the mission of bias towards either Russia or Ukraine. On 27 April 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Girkin</a> group that had taken control in the city of <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a> took eight members of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (OSCE SMM) as hostages.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The group appointed <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a> as mayor of the city. During the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>, an OSCE observer allowed Russian separatists to travel in a vehicle with the organization's markings; this prompted allegations that the OSCE was biased in the war and not interested in carrying out its duties of mediating a ceasefire. The organization issued a statement regretting the incident.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Moreover, the OSCE Observer Mission at Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk (which is organizationally separate from the Special Monitoring Mission) also received criticism alleging that only two checkpoints on the Russian–Ukrainian border are currently being monitored, which Daniel Baer, the US ambassador to the OSCE at the time, described as "seriously inadequate".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The mission has been criticized for taking months to deploy drones to help monitor borders as well as withdrawing them after only several weeks of use due to Russian electronic attacks. Drones have been reintroduced to observe the conflict in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 2014, an advisor to the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence wrongly claimed that approximately 80% of the OSCE observers located near <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> were Russian citizens and that many had ties to Russian security agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a> and the <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a>. In reality, one observer out of 17 in Mariupol was a Russian citizen.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In total, the mission reports the number of Russian citizens in its ranks as 39 out of 720, or 5,4%.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The organization has also been accused of allegedly revealing the locations of Ukrainian troops to Russian forces during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> On 1 December 2014, the mission was in the area to "facilitate a local ceasefire and monitor the repair works on a power station", that it "heard an exchange of artillery fire between unspecified parties", and that "artillery rounds were impacting at approximately 1km to the east of the SMM's position; therefore the SMM left due to security concerns". Furthermore, the report states that the "SMM team in the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Centre_of_Control_and_Coordination" title="Joint Centre of Control and Coordination">JCCC</a> was in constant contact with the SMM team in Staromikhailivka". No mention of a wounded observer is made.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> On 27 October 2015, a suspended OSCE monitor confirmed he had been a former employee of Russia's <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Main Intelligence Directorate</a>. The suspended SMM stated that he had no trouble receiving the position and neither the OSCE nor Ukraine's Security Service thoroughly checked his background.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Following the report the OSCE issued a comment stating the monitor had been fired due to violations of the organization's code of conduct.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On 6 April 2016, photos of OSCE monitors attending the wedding of a Russian separatist emerged. The wedding had taken place in June 2015. The OSCE expressed regret over the incident, issuing a statement saying "The unprofessional behaviour displayed by the monitors in the picture is an individual incident that should not be abused to cast a shadow on the reputation of other mission members." The OSCE reported that the monitors were no longer with the OSCE special monitoring mission.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In April 2017, an OSCE vehicle struck a mine, which killed one SMM member and injured two.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Two armoured vehicles were on patrol near <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a> when one struck the mine.<a href="#cite_note-NYT01-45">[45]</a> The dead man was an American paramedic, while the injured included a woman from <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and a man from the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT01-45">[45]</a> On 18 July 2018, the German broadcaster <a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> reported that Russian intelligence services had received inside information about the activities of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine from a staff member of the OSCE. The insider information consisted of observers' preferences in alcohol and women, their financial situation, and their contacts in Ukraine. The OSCE issued a statement expressing concern over the alleged security breach.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Russia has accused members of the Mission of working for the Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a> and of spying on the pro-Russian separatists.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Furthermore, Russia has accused the mission of bias after it reported troop movements from separatist forces, accusing the mission of ignoring similar moves from Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Russia's foreign minister also has claimed that the mission failed to pay sufficient attention to human and minority rights within the Government-controlled areas of Ukraine. Furthermore, he criticised that the mission did not clearly attribute ceasefire violations to either side.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Mission_to_Armenia">2022 Mission to Armenia</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2022 Mission to Armenia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An OSCE <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">Needs Assessment Team</a> was sent to <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> between 21 and 27 October 2022 following the <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis</a>. The request was made by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">government of Armenia</a>. The OSCE sent international experts to monitor the <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border">Armenia–Azerbaijan border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OSCE_involvement_in_Ukraine_(2022–present)">OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2022–present)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: OSCE involvement in Ukraine (2022–present)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> began on February 24. The OSCE mandate in Ukraine expired on March 31, 2022, due to objections by Russia. On April 24, 2022, the OSCE protested the detention of four staff members in Donetsk and Luhansk, without specifying who had detained them.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 20 September, two Ukrainian OSCE staffers were sentenced to 13 years of prison by a court in the <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> for "alleged high treason and espionage for the United States."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In March 2022, 45 participating States promoted, with the support of Ukraine, the activation of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Mechanism" title="Moscow Mechanism">Moscow Mechanism</a> for the establishment of an independent expert mission on violations and abuses committed in the war of the Russian Federation, supported by Belarus, against Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The report of the Mission of Experts was presented to the OSCE Permanent Council on 13 April 2022 and documented clear patterns of violations of international humanitarian law by the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> OSCE/<a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">ODIHR</a> continues to monitor the violations of <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a> in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 2 June 2022, the same 45 participating States invoked again the Moscow Mechanism to establish a new mission of experts to consider, follow up and build upon the findings of the Moscow Mechanism report published in April 2022.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The subsequent report, presented on 14 July 2022 to the OSCE Permanent Council, confirmed the outcomes of the previous mission and identified blatant violations of international humanitarian law, mainly attributable to the Russian armed forces, as well as widespread violations of human rights, especially in the territories under effective control of the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Russian delegation was not invited to the 29th OSCE Ministerial Council in December 2022 where the delegates considered the ramifications and regional security challenges created by Russia's continued war against Ukraine. There were calls to assess the reparations that Russia should be accountable for. Since the start of its invasion of Ukraine, Russia has seized €2.7 million worth of armored vehicles that were previously part of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. According to a letter that was sent by Russian OSCE representatives to OSCE Secretary-General Helga Schmid in January 2023, 71 trucks and cars were brought to the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic as "evidence" and criminal proceedings were initiated against former OSCE personnel for espionage.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="OSCE_Parliamentary_Assembly">OSCE Parliamentary Assembly</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: OSCE Parliamentary Assembly" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></div> In 2004, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly sent <a href="/wiki/Election_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Election observer">election observers</a> to the U.S. presidential elections. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly's president at the time was Democratic Congressman <a href="/wiki/Alcee_Hastings" title="Alcee Hastings">Alcee Hastings</a>. Hastings had previously been impeached for corruption by the U.S. Congress. The OSCE faced criticism of partisanship and double standards due to Hastings's past and the fact that the OSCE's mandate was to promote democracy and the values of civil society.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> was criticized from within by the Latvian delegation for lacking transparency and democracy. <a href="/wiki/R._Spencer_Oliver" title="R. Spencer Oliver">Spencer Oliver</a> (b. 1938) secretary general of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, who held the post from the organization's inception in 1992 until 2015, faced a challenge from the Latvian <a href="/wiki/Artis_Pabriks" title="Artis Pabriks">Artis Pabriks</a>. According to the rules of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the incumbent general secretary can only be replaced with a full consensus minus one. Pabriks called the rules "quite shocking from the perspective of an organization that's monitoring elections".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Synopsis_and_list_of_members">Synopsis and list of members</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Synopsis and list of members" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The six official languages of the OSCE are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Participating_states">Participating states</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Participating states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OSCE_acts_signatories.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/OSCE_acts_signatories.png/750px-OSCE_acts_signatories.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="347" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 750px;height: 347px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/OSCE_acts_signatories.png/750px-OSCE_acts_signatories.png" data-width="750" data-height="347" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/OSCE_acts_signatories.png/1125px-OSCE_acts_signatories.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/OSCE_acts_signatories.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>OSCE signatories as of 2012 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> signed <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Final_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Final Act">Helsinki Final Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Paris Charter</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> signed Helsinki Final Act only</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> non-signatory participant</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> partner for cooperation</div></div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State</th> <th rowspan="2" data-sort-type="date">Admission</th> <th colspan="2">Signed the </th></tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="date"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Final_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Final Act">Helsinki Final Act</a></th> <th data-sort-type="date"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter of Paris">Charter of Paris</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>19 June 1991</td> <td>16 September 1991</td> <td>17 September 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></td> <td>25 April 1996</td> <td>10 November 1999</td> <td>17 February 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>17 April 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>20 December 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>26 February 1992</td> <td>8 April 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>30 April 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>24 March 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-YG-69">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>1 January 1993</td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-CZ-70">[Note 2]</a></td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-CZ-70">[Note 2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>10 September 1991</td> <td>14 October 1991</td> <td>6 December 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td> <td>24 March 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>21 January 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> → as <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> → as <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>23 September 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>3 June 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>10 September 1991</td> <td>14 October 1991</td> <td>6 December 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>10 September 1991</td> <td>14 October 1991</td> <td>6 December 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>26 February 1992</td> <td>29 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></td> <td>21 November 2012<a href="#cite_note-71">[Note 3]</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td>22 June 2006</td> <td>1 September 2006</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[Note 4]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></td> <td>12 October 1995</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-YG-69">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (as <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>)</td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (as <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>1 January 1993</td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-CZ-70">[Note 2]</a></td> <td> <a href="#cite_note-CZ-70">[Note 2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>24 March 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td>8 March 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>26 February 1992</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>8 July 1992</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>26 February 1992</td> <td>16 June 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>25 June 1973</td> <td>1 August 1975</td> <td>21 November 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>30 January 1992</td> <td>26 February 1992</td> <td>27 October 1993 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partners_for_co-operation">Partners for co-operation</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Partners for co-operation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215345927">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{clear:none;float:left}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float-clear{clear:both}</style><div class="multicol-float" style="min-width: 22em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> States</dt></dl> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style="min-width: 22em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1992–present)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (1994–present)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (2000–present)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (2003–2021)<a href="#cite_note-74">[Note 5]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legal status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A unique aspect of the OSCE is the non-binding status of its constitutive charter. Rather than being a formal <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> ratified by national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a>, the Helsinki Final Act represents a political commitment by the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">heads of government</a> of all signatories to build security and cooperation in Europe on the basis of its provisions. This allows the OSCE to remain a flexible process for the evolution of improved cooperation, which avoids disputes and/or sanctions over implementation.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76">[71]</a> By agreeing to these commitments, signatories for the first time accepted that treatment of citizens within their borders was also a matter of legitimate international concern. This open process of the OSCE is often given credit for helping build democracy in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, thus leading to the end of the Cold War[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Unlike most international intergovernmental organizations, however, the OSCE does not have international legal personality on account of the lack of legal effect of its charter.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-76">[71]</a> As a result, its headquarters' host, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, had to confer legal personality on the organization in order to be able to sign a legal agreement regarding its presence in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Structure_and_institutions">Structure and institutions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Structure and institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Political direction to the organization is given by heads of state or government during summits. Summits are not regular or scheduled but held as needed.<a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> The last summit took place in Astana (Kazakhstan), on 1 and 2 December 2010. The high-level decision-making body of the organization is the OSCE Ministerial Council, which meets at the end of every year. At the ambassadorial level, the OSCE Permanent Council convenes weekly in Vienna and serves as the regular negotiating and decision-making body. The chairman of the Permanent Council is the ambassador to the Organization of the participating State which holds the chairmanship. In addition to the Ministerial Council and Permanent Council, the Forum for Security Co-operation is also an OSCE decision-making body. It deals predominantly with matters of military co-operation, such as modalities for inspections according to the Vienna Document of 1999.<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> The OSCE's Secretariat is located in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. The organization also has offices in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw, Poland">Warsaw</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG/220px-OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2412"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 273px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG/220px-OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG/330px-OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG/440px-OSCE-Permanent_Council.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A meeting of the OSCE Permanent Council at the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg" title="Hofburg">Hofburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></figcaption></figure> As of October 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit">[update]</a>, the OSCE employed 3,568 staff, including 609 in its secretariat and institutions and 2,959 in its 17 field operations.<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> is made up of 323 parliamentarians from 57 member states. The Parliamentary Assembly performs its functions mainly via the Standing Committee, the Bureau, and 3 General Committees (Committee on Political Affairs and Security, Committee on Economic Affairs, Science, Technology and Environment, and Committee on Democracy, Human Rights and Humanitarian Questions).<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> The Parliamentary Assembly passes resolutions on matters such as political and security affairs, economic and environmental issues, and democracy and human rights. Representing the collective voice of OSCE parliamentarians, these resolutions and recommendations are meant to ensure that all participating states live up to their OSCE commitments. The Parliamentary Assembly also engages in parliamentary diplomacy, and has an extensive election observation program. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warszawa,_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_(340481).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg/220px-Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="821"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg/220px-Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg/330px-Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg/440px-Warszawa%2C_Pa%C5%82ac_M%C5%82odziejowskiego_-_fotopolska.eu_%28340481%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M%C5%82odziejowski_Palace" title="Młodziejowski Palace">Młodziejowski Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a></figcaption></figure> The oldest OSCE institution is the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a> (ODIHR), established in 1991 following a decision made at the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Summit of Paris</a>. It is based in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and is active throughout the OSCE area in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Election_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Election observer">election observation</a>, democratic development, human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, rule of law, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> issues. The ODIHR has observed over 300 elections and referendums since 1995, sending more than 50,000 observers. It has operated outside its own area twice, sending a team that offered technical support to the 9 October 2004 presidential elections in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, an OSCE Partner for Co-operation, and an election support team to assist with parliamentary and provincial council elections on 18 September 2005. ODIHR is headed by <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Mecacci" title="Matteo Mecacci">Matteo Mecacci</a>, Italy. The Office of the <a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media</a>, established in December 1997, acts as a watchdog to provide early warning on violations of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> in OSCE participating States. The representative also assists participating States by advocating and promoting full compliance with OSCE norms, principles and commitments regarding freedom of expression and free media. As of 2020, the current representative is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teresa_Ribeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teresa Ribeiro (page does not exist)">Teresa Ribeiro</a>, Portugal. The <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">High Commissioner on National Minorities</a> was created on 8 July 1992 by the Helsinki Summit Meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is charged with identifying and seeking early resolution of ethnic tension that might endanger peace, stability or friendly relations between participating states. As of 2020, the current representative is <a href="/wiki/Kairat_Abdrakhmanov" title="Kairat Abdrakhmanov">Kairat Abdrakhmanov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>). Each year the OSCE holds an OSCE Asian Conference with partner nations (currently Australia, Thailand, South Korea, Japan and Afghanistan).<a href="#cite_note-osceasianconf-81">[76]</a> The OSCE and the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic established the OSCE Academy in 2002. The aim of the OSCE Academy is "to promote regional cooperation, conflict prevention and good governance in Central Asia through offering post-graduate education, professional training and intellectual exchange."<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List">List</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: List" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Conciliation_and_Arbitration" title="Court of Conciliation and Arbitration">Court of Conciliation and Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">High Commissioner on National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk Group">Minsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">Representative on Freedom of the Media</a></li> <li>Secretariat</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Field_operations">Field operations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Field operations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Almost all field operations of OSCE have been conducted in countries of former Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Active" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following field missions are currently active:<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Deployed </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Presence_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Presence in Albania (page does not exist)">Presence in Albania</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="OSCE Mission in Kosovo">Mission in Kosovo</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Conflict">Kosovo Conflict</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Montenegro (page does not exist)">Mission to Montenegro</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Serbia (page does not exist)">Mission to Serbia</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Skopje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Skopje (page does not exist)">Mission to Skopje</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Agreement_(2001)" title="Ohrid Agreement (2001)">Ohrid Agreement (2001)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Moldova (page does not exist)">Mission to Moldova</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centre in Ashgabat </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Programme Office in Astana </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Programme Office in Bishkek </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Programme Office in Dushanbe </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal Representative of the Chairman-in-Office on the Conflict Dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinued">Discontinued</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Discontinued" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following field missions have been completed, closed or discontinued:<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Missions of Long Duration in Kosovo, Sandjak and Vojvodina </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandjak</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a> </td> <td>8 September 1992 </td> <td>July 1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav wars">Yugoslav wars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mission to Georgia </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>November 1992 </td> <td>31 December 2008 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mission to Estonia </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>15 February 1993 </td> <td>31 December 2001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mission to Latvia </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>19 November 1993 </td> <td>31 December 2001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mission to Ukraine </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>24 November 1994 </td> <td>30 April 1999 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Representative to the Estonian Expert Commission on Military Pensioners </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liaison Office in Central Asia </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>16 March 1995 </td> <td>December 2000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Representative to the Joint Committee on the <a href="/wiki/Skrunda-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Skrunda-1">Skrunda Radar Station</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>6 April 1995 </td> <td>31 October 1999 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistance Group to Chechnya </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> </td> <td>26 April 1995 </td> <td>16 December 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Personal Representative of the OSCE Chairman-in-Office for Article IV, Annex 1-B of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_to_Croatia" title="OSCE Mission to Croatia">Mission to Croatia</a> / Office in Zagreb </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td>July 1996 </td> <td>17 January 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Advisory and Monitoring Group in Belarus </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>January 1998 </td> <td>31 December 2002 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Verification_Mission" title="Kosovo Verification Mission">Kosovo Verification Mission</a> / Task force for Kosovo </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  ∟ <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td>October 1998 </td> <td>June 1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo conflict">Kosovo conflict</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office in Yerevan </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>16 February 2000 </td> <td>31 August 2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office in Baku / Project Co-ordinator in Baku </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>July 2000 </td> <td>31 December 2015 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office in Minsk </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>1 January 2003 </td> <td>31 March 2011 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Observer Mission at the Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>24 July 2014 </td> <td>30 September 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>March 2014 </td> <td>March 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Ukrainian war">Russo-Ukrainian war</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>June 1999 </td> <td>March 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">Needs Assessment Team in Armenia</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>21 October 2022 </td> <td>27 October 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Chairmanship">Chairmanship</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Chairmanship" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg/220px-Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5676" data-file-height="2791"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg/220px-Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg/330px-Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg/440px-Fahnen_der_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa_vor_dem_Kongress-_und_Veranstaltungszentrum_Hofburg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>OSCE Permanent Council venue at the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg" title="Hofburg">Hofburg</a>, Vienna</figcaption></figure> The OSCE chairmanship is assumed at yearly intervals by one participating state, which then plays the central role in managing the organization's work and in its external representation. The foreign minister of the country possessing the chair holds the OSCE's most senior position as <a href="/wiki/President-in-office" title="President-in-office">chairman-in-office</a> (CiO). The responsibilities of the chairman-in-office include: <ul><li>co-ordination of the work of OSCE institutions;</li> <li>representing the OSCE;</li> <li>supervising activities related to conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation.</li></ul> The CiO is assisted by the previous and incoming chairmen-in-office; the three of them together constitute the OSCE <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troika" class="extiw" title="wikt:troika">Troika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> The CiO nominates personal representatives – experts in fields of priority for the CiO.<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a> The origin of the institution lies with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe (1990), and the Helsinki Document (1992) formally institutionalized this function.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> The OSCE chair for 2022 was <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Rau" title="Zbigniew Rau">Zbigniew Rau</a> serving as chairman-in-office.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a> The chair for 2023 is <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Bujar_Osmani" title="Bujar Osmani">Bujar Osmani</a> as chairman-in-office.<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairmanship_history">Chairmanship history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Chairmanship history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Chairmanship of the OSCE is held by a member state on a calendar-year basis, with the minister for foreign affairs of that state performing the function of chairman-in-office. The table below shows the holders since 1991.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> was due to hold the chairmanship in 2024, however, this was not approved following objections from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Chairman-in-Office </th></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a> (from June) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Dienstbier" title="Jiří Dienstbier">Jiří Dienstbier</a> (until 2 July); <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Morav%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Moravčík">Jozef Moravčík</a> (from 3 July) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_af_Ugglas" title="Margaretha af Ugglas">Margaretha af Ugglas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Andreatta" title="Beniamino Andreatta">Beniamino Andreatta</a> (until 11 May); <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a> (from 12 May) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Kov%C3%A1cs_(politician)" title="László Kovács (politician)">László Kovács</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Cotti" title="Flavio Cotti">Flavio Cotti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niels_Helveg_Petersen" title="Niels Helveg Petersen">Niels Helveg Petersen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knut_Volleb%C3%A6k" title="Knut Vollebæk">Knut Vollebæk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Wolfgang Schüssel</a> (until 4 February); <a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Benita Ferrero-Waldner</a> (from 5 February) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Geoan%C4%83" title="Mircea Geoană">Mircea Geoană</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Gama" title="Jaime Gama">Jaime Gama</a> (until 6 April); António Martins da Cruz (from 7 April) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaap_de_Hoop_Scheffer" title="Jaap de Hoop Scheffer">Jaap de Hoop Scheffer</a> (until 3 December); <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Bot">Bernard Bot</a> (from 4 December) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Passy" title="Solomon Passy">Solomon Passy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrij_Rupel" title="Dimitrij Rupel">Dimitrij Rupel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karel_De_Gucht" title="Karel De Gucht">Karel De Gucht</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Moratinos" title="Miguel Ángel Moratinos">Miguel Ángel Moratinos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Kanerva" title="Ilkka Kanerva">Ilkka Kanerva</a> (until 4 April); <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a> (from 5 April) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dora_Bakoyannis" title="Dora Bakoyannis">Dora Bakoyannis</a> (until 5 October); <a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou_(junior)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Papandreou (junior)">George Papandreou</a> (from 6 October) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanat_Saudabayev" title="Kanat Saudabayev">Kanat Saudabayev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Audronius_A%C5%BEubalis" title="Audronius Ažubalis">Audronius Ažubalis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Gilmore" title="Eamon Gilmore">Eamon Gilmore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kozhara" title="Leonid Kozhara">Leonid Kozhara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Didier Burkhalter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivica_Da%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Ivica Dačić">Ivica Dačić</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kurz" title="Sebastian Kurz">Sebastian Kurz</a> (until 18 December); <a href="/wiki/Karin_Kneissl" title="Karin Kneissl">Karin Kneissl</a> (from 18 December) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a> (until 1 June); <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Moavero_Milanesi" title="Enzo Moavero Milanesi">Enzo Moavero Milanesi</a> (from 1 June) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Laj%C4%8D%C3%A1k" title="Miroslav Lajčák">Miroslav Lajčák</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ann_Linde" title="Ann Linde">Ann Linde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Rau" title="Zbigniew Rau">Zbigniew Rau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bujar_Osmani" title="Bujar Osmani">Bujar Osmani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Borg" title="Ian Borg">Ian Borg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Secretary_general">Secretary general</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Secretary general" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> While the chairman-in-office is the OSCE's most senior official, on a day-to-day basis the secretary general is the OSCE's <a href="/wiki/Chief_administrative_officer" title="Chief administrative officer">chief administrative officer</a> and can, when requested by the chairmanship, serve as a representative of the chairman-in-office. Since the establishment of the office in 1992, the secretaries general have been: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Secretary General </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Term of office </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_H%C3%B6ynck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Höynck (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Höynck</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_H%C3%B6ynck" class="extiw" title="de:Wilhelm Höynck">de</a>] </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>1993–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Aragona" title="Giancarlo Aragona">Giancarlo Aragona</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>1996–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kubi%C5%A1" title="Ján Kubiš">Ján Kubiš</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>1999–2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marc_Perrin_de_Brichambaut" title="Marc Perrin de Brichambaut">Marc Perrin de Brichambaut</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>2005–2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Zannier" title="Lamberto Zannier">Lamberto Zannier</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>2011–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Greminger" title="Thomas Greminger">Thomas Greminger</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>2017–2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helga_Schmid" title="Helga Schmid">Helga Schmid</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>2020–present </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Summits_of_heads_of_state_and_government">Summits of heads of state and government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Summits of heads of state and government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; line-height:1.3em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Summit</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Decisions </th></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">30 July – 1 August 1975</td> <td>Helsinki</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>Closing of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Signing of the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Final Act (Helsinki Act)</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>II</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">19–21 November 1990</td> <td>Paris</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>(Second CSCE Summit). Signing of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter of Paris">Charter of Paris</a> for a New Europe (Paris Charter), the Vienna Confidence and Security Building Measures (CSBM) Document and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">CFE</a> Treaty. </td></tr> <tr> <td>III</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">9–10 July 1992</td> <td>Helsinki</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>Final Document: The Challenges of Change. Creation of the High Commissioner on National Minorities, the Forum for Security Co-operation and the Economic Forum. Suspension of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> from membership. </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5–6 December 1994</td> <td>Budapest</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>Final Document: Towards a Genuine Partnership in a New Era. Approval of a multi-national peace-keeping force to <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>. Endorsement of the Code of Conduct on politico-military aspects of security. </td></tr> <tr> <td>V</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2–3 December 1996</td> <td>Lisbon</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>(First OSCE Summit). Lisbon Declaration on a Common and Comprehensive Security Model for Europe for the Twenty-First Century. Adoption of a Framework for Arms Control. </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">18–19 November 1999</td> <td>Istanbul</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>Signing of the Istanbul Document and the Charter for European Security. </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1–2 December 2010</td> <td>Astana</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>Adoption of the Astana Commemorative Declaration, which reconfirms the Organization's comprehensive approach to security based on trust and transparency. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministerial_Council_Meetings_(ordinary)">Ministerial Council Meetings (ordinary)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ministerial Council Meetings (ordinary)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; line-height:1.3em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Council</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Decisions</th> <th>Doc </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">19–20 June 1991</td> <td>Berlin</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Admission of Albania</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/1/40234.pdf">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>10 September 1991</td> <td>Moscow</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Question of the admission of the Republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/8/40241.pdf">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">30–31 January 1992</td> <td>Prague</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> </td> <td>Admission of ten former Soviet republics.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/b/40270.pdf">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap">14–15 December 1992</td> <td>Stockholm</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>Creation of the post of Secretary General and appointment of <a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Max van der Stoel</a> as first High Commissioner on National Minorities.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/2/40342.pdf">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td>30 November – 1 December 1993</td> <td>Rome</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>Establishment of the Mission to Tajikistan.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/6/40401.pdf">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">7–8 December 1995</td> <td>Budapest</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>Establishment of the Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina to carry out the tasks assigned to the OSCE in the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton Agreements">Dayton Peace Agreements</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/a/40409.pdf">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap">18–19 December 1997</td> <td>Copenhagen</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>Creation of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities and the Representative on Freedom of the Media.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/6/40427.pdf">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2–3 December 1998</td> <td>Oslo</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/4/40439.pdf">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap">27–28 November 2000</td> <td>Vienna</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>Vienna Declaration on the OSCE's activities in South-Eastern Europe. Re-admission of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/b/40499.pdf">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">3–4 December 2001</td> <td>Bucharest</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>Bucharest Declaration. Bucharest Plan of Action for Combating Terrorism. Creation of the Strategic Police Matters Unit and a Senior Police Adviser in the OSCE Secretariat.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/7/40515.pdf">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6–7 December 2002</td> <td>Porto</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>Porto Declaration: Responding to Change. OSCE Charter on Preventing and Combating Terrorism.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/b/f/40521.pdf">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1–2 December 2003</td> <td>Maastricht</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Strategy to Address Threats to Security and Stability in the Twenty-First Century. Strategy Document for the Economic and Environmental Dimension.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/0/40533.pdf">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6–7 December 2004</td> <td>Sofia</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/c/41813.pdf">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5–6 December 2005</td> <td>Ljubljana</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td>Statement on the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. Approval of the Border Security and Management Concept.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/5/18778.pdf">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">4–5 December 2006</td> <td>Brussels</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>Brussels Declaration on Criminal Justice Systems. Ministerial Statement on Supporting and Promoting the International Legal Framework against Terrorism.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/d/4/25065.pdf">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap">29–30 November 2007</td> <td>Madrid</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>Madrid Declaration on Environment and Security. Ministerial Statement on Supporting the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/1/33180.pdf">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">4–5 December 2008</td> <td>Helsinki</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/1/36545.pdf">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1–2 December 2009</td> <td>Athens</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>Ministerial Declarations on Non-Proliferation and on the OSCE Corfu Process.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/b/5/67621.pdf">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">16–17 July 2010</td> <td>Almaty</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>Informal discussions on Corfu Process progress, the situation in Kyrgyzstan and the forthcoming OSCE summit.</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6–7 December 2011</td> <td>Vilnius</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>Decisions on responses to conflicts and transnational threats; to enhance capabilities in early warning; early action; dialogue facilitation and mediation support; and post-conflict rehabilitation. Decisions to enhance engagement with OSCE Partners for Co-operation, Afghanistan in particular.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/3/88839.pdf">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6–7 December 2012</td> <td>Dublin</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>Helsinki+40 Process: clear path to the 2015 40th anniversary of the Helsinki Final Act, intent to reinforce and revitalize the OSCE; unanimous support for Transnistrian settlement process: negotiated, comprehensive, just and viable <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">solution to the conflict</a>; strengthening good <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>: deepening engagement in preventing and countering <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, addressing transnational threats, and adding an <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorism">anti-terrorism</a> framework to earlier decisions on threats from <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and communication technologies">information and communication technologies</a>, drugs and chemical precursors and strategic policing; despite Ireland's hopes, a decision on human rights was not reached: greater, still, was concern for the council's trend of human rights decision-failures.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/a/110735.pdf">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5–6 December 2013</td> <td>Kyiv</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>Decision on the combating trafficking in human beings. Decision on the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief. Ministerial Declaration on Strengthening the OSCE's Efforts to Address Transnational Threats. Decision on the improving the environmental footprint of energy-related activities in the OSCE region. Ministerial Declaration on the Update of the OSCE Principles Governing Non-Proliferation. Decision on the enhancing OSCE efforts to implement the Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti Within the OSCE Area, With a Particular Focus on Roma and Sinti Women, Youth and Children. Ministerial Statement on the Work of the Permanent Conference on Political Issues in the Framework of the Negotiation Process for the Transnistrian Settlement in the <a href="/wiki/5%2B2_format" title="5+2 format">5+2 format</a>. Declaration on Furthering the Helsinki+40 Process. Decision on the small arms and light weapons and stockpiles of conventional ammunition. Decision on the protection of energy networks from natural and man-made disasters.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/9/110742.pdf">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">4–5 December 2014</td> <td>Basel</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>Declaration on further steps in the Helsinki+40 Process. Ministerial statement on the negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the 5+2 format. Declaration on youth. Declaration on the Transfer of Ownership to the Parties to the Agreement on Sub-regional Arms Control, Annex 1B, Article IV of the <a href="/wiki/General_Framework_Agreement_for_Peace_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina">General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. Declaration on the OSCE role in countering the phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters in the context of the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions 2170 and 2178. Declaration on the OSCE role in countering kidnapping and hostage-taking committed by terrorist groups in the context of the implementation of the UN Security Council resolution 2133. Decision on the prevention of corruption. Decision on enhancing disaster risk reduction. Decision on preventing and combating violence against women. Decision on an addendum to the 2004 OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gender Equality. Ministerial commemorative declaration on the seventieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Declaration on enhancing efforts to combat anti-Semitism. Declaration on co-operation with the Mediterranean Partners. Ministerial declaration on co-operation with the Asian Partners. Decision on small arms and light weapons and stockpiles of conventional ammunition. Commemorative Declaration on the Occasion of the Twentieth Anniversary of the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/4/158436.pdf">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">3–4 December 2015</td> <td>Belgrade</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>Ministerial Declaration on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that lead to Terrorism. Declaration on the OSCE Activities in Support of Global Efforts in Tackling the World Drug Problem. Ministerial Declaration on Reinforcing OSCE Efforts to Counter Terrorism in the Wake of Recent Terrorist Attacks. Declaration on Youth and Security. Ministerial Statement on the Negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the 5+2 format.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/3/230741.pdf">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23st</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">8–9 December 2016</td> <td>Hamburg</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>Decision on the OSCE's role in the governance of large movements of migrants and refugees. Decision on strengthening good governance and promoting connectivity. Decision on OSCE efforts related to reducing the risks of conflict stemming from the use of information and communication technologies. Declaration on strengthening OSCE efforts to prevent and counter terrorism. Decision on enhancing the use of Advance Passenger Information. Ministerial statement on the negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the 5+2 format.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/d/307311.pdf">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">7–8 December 2017</td> <td>Vienna</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>Decision on enhancing OSCE efforts to reduce the risk of conflict stemming from the use of information and communication technologies. Decision on strengthening efforts to prevent trafficking in human beings. Decision on strengthening efforts to combat all forms of child trafficking, including for sexual exploitation, as well as other forms of sexual exploitation of children. Decision on promoting economic participation in the OSCE area. Decision on small arms and light weapons and stockpiles of conventional ammunition. Ministerial Statement on the negotiations on the Transnistrian settlement process in the 5+2 format.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/7/402209.pdf">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6–7 December 2018</td> <td>Milan</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>Decision on Safety of Journalists. Decision on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women. Decision on Human Capital Development in the Digital Era. Ministerial Statement on the Negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the 5+2 format. Declaration on the Digital Economy a Driver for Promoting Co-operation, Security and Growth. Declaration on the Role of Youth in Contribution to Peace and Security Efforts. Declaration on Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean. Declaration on OSCE Efforts in the Field of Norms and Best Practices on Small Arms and Light Weapons and Stockpiles of Conventional Ammunition.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/MC25EW65.pdf">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5–6 December 2019</td> <td>Bratislava</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>Commemorative Declaration on the Occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security. Ministerial Statement on the Negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the "5+2" Format. Document No. 2, Commemorative. Declaration on the Occasion of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the OSCE Principles Governing Non-Proliferation and Fifteenth Anniversary of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1540" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540</a>.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/0/449422.pdf">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">3–4 December 2020</td> <td>Tirana</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>Decision on Preventing and Combating Corruption through Digitalization and Increased Transparency. Decision on Prevention and Eradication of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Declaration on Strengthening Co-operation in Countering Transnational Organized Crime. Declaration on Co-operation With the OSCE Asian Partners. Ministerial Statement on the Negotiations on the Transnistrian Settlement Process in the 5+2 format.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/0/481447.pdf">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2–3 December 2021</td> <td>Stockholm</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/2/519351.pdf">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1–2 December 2022</td> <td>Łódź</td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>For the first time a delegation was not invited, Russia was not permitted to attend because of the ongoing invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> The President of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Margareta Cederfelt said: "This OSCE Ministerial Council should take steps to establish a high-level body to examine the damages inflicted by the Russian Federation on Ukraine, and to assess the reparations that Russia should be accountable for. Russia started this war, and it must pay for it." Most OSCE participating states support an initiative by Ukraine to create a special tribunal to prosecute Russia for the crime of aggression.<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/5/541326_1.pdf">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th </td> <td>29 November – 1 December 2023<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> </td> <td>Skopje </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st </td> <td>2024<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiscal_history">Fiscal history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Fiscal history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since 1993, the OSCE's budget by year (in millions of <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>) has been: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>2021 ... €138.2 million<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a></li> <li>2020 ... €138.2 million</li> <li>2019 ... €138.2 million</li> <li>2018 ... €137.8 million</li> <li>2017 ... €139.0 million</li> <li>2016 ... €141.1 million</li> <li>2015 ... €141.1 million</li> <li>2014 ... €142.3 million</li> <li>2013 ... €144.8 million</li> <li>2012 ... €148.4 million</li> <li>2011 ... €150.0 million</li> <li>2010 ... €150.7 million</li> <li>2009 ... €158.6 million</li> <li>2008 ... €164.1 million</li> <li>2007 ... €186.2 million</li> <li>2006 ... €186.2 million</li> <li>2005 ... €186.6 million</li> <li>2004 ... €180.8 million</li> <li>2003 ... €165.5 million</li> <li>2002 ... €167.5 million</li> <li>2001 ... €194.5 million</li> <li>2000 ... €202.7 million</li> <li>1999 ... €146.1 million</li> <li>1998 ... €118.7 million</li> <li>1997 ... €43.3 million</li> <li>1996 ... €34.9 million</li> <li>1995 ... €18.9 million</li> <li>1994 ... €21 million</li> <li>1993 ... €12 million</li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Relations_with_the_United_Nations">Relations with the United Nations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Relations with the United Nations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> The OSCE considers itself a regional organization in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Chapter_VIII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter">Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a> and is an <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN_ARES485-102">[97]</a> The Chairman-in-Office gives routine briefings to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="The_three_dimensions">The three dimensions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: The three dimensions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politico-military_dimension_(first_dimension)">Politico-military dimension (first dimension)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Politico-military dimension (first dimension)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The OSCE takes a comprehensive approach to the politico-military dimension of security, which includes a number of commitments by participating States and mechanisms for conflict prevention and resolution. The organization also seeks to enhance military security by promoting greater openness, transparency and co-operation. <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a></dt></dl> The end of the Cold War resulted in a huge amount of surplus weapons becoming available in what is known as the international <a href="/wiki/Grey_market" title="Grey market">grey market</a> for weapons. The OSCE helps to stop the—often illegal—spread of such weapons and offers assistance with their destruction. The OSCE hosts the annual exchange of information under the <a href="/wiki/Conventional_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventional Forces in Europe">Conventional Forces in Europe</a> treaty. The OSCE has also implemented two additional exchanges of information, the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Document" title="Vienna Document">Vienna Document</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Global_Exchange_of_Military_Information" title="Global Exchange of Military Information">Global Exchange of Military Information</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Open_Skies_Consultative_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Skies Consultative Commission">Open Skies Consultative Commission</a>, the implementing body for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Open_Skies" title="Treaty on Open Skies">Treaty on Open Skies</a>, meets monthly at its Vienna headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> <dl><dt>Border management<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a></dt></dl> The actions taken by the OSCE in border monitoring range from conflict prevention to post-conflict management, capacity building and institutional support. <dl><dt>Combating terrorism<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a></dt></dl> With its expertise in conflict prevention, crisis management and early warning, the OSCE contributes to worldwide efforts in <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">combating terrorism</a>. <dl><dt>Conflict prevention<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a></dt></dl> The OSCE works to prevent conflicts from arising and to facilitate lasting comprehensive political settlements for existing conflicts. It also helps with the process of rehabilitation in post-conflict areas. <dl><dt>Military reform</dt></dl> The OSCE's Forum for Security Co-operation provides a framework for political dialogue on military reform, while practical activities are conducted by field operations, as well as the Conflict Prevention Centre. <dl><dt>Policing</dt></dl> OSCE police operations are an integral part of the organization's efforts in conflict prevention and post-conflict rehabilitation. <dl><dt>Implementation</dt></dl> The OSCE was a rather small organization until selection by the international community to provide electoral organization to post war Bosnia and Herzegovina in early 1996. Ambassador Frowick was the first OSCE representative to initiate national election in September 1996, human rights issues and rule of law specifically designed to provide a foundation for judicial organization within Bosnia and Herzegovina. The OSCE had regional offices and field offices, to include the office in <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko_District" title="Brčko District">Brcko</a> in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina which remained in limbo until the Brcko Arbitration Agreement could be decided, finalized and implemented. Brcko become a "special district" and remains so today. The OSCE essentially took the place of the United Nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in part because the Bosnian leadership felt deep contempt for the UN efforts to stop the war which began in 1991 and ended in 1995. During the time the United Nations were attempting a political solution, thousands of UN troops were posted in and around Bosnia and Herzegovina with special emphasis on Sarajevo. From 1991 to 1995, over 200,000 Bosnians were killed and over one million displaced and another million as refugees.<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a> The OSCE continues to have a presence and a number of initiatives to bring a sustained peace to the region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_environmental_dimension_(second_dimension)">Economic and environmental dimension (second dimension)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Economic and environmental dimension (second dimension)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Activities in the economic and environmental dimension include the monitoring of developments related to economic and environmental security in OSCE participating States, with the aim of alerting them to any threat of conflict; assisting States in the creation of economic and environmental policies, legislation and institutions to promote security in the OSCE region.<a href="#cite_note-adm223-112">[107]</a> <dl><dt>Economic activities</dt></dl> Among the economic activities of the OSCE feature activities related to migration management, transport and energy security. Most activities are implemented in co-operation with partner organizations. <dl><dt>Environmental activities</dt></dl> The OSCE has developed a range of activities in the environmental sphere aimed at addressing ecologic threats to security in its participating States. Among the activities feature projects in the area of hazardous waste, water management and access to information under the <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Convention" title="Aarhus Convention">Aarhus Convention</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_dimension_(third_dimension)">Human dimension (third dimension)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Human dimension (third dimension)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The commitments made by OSCE participating States in the <a href="/wiki/Three_generations_of_human_rights" title="Three generations of human rights">human dimension</a> aim to ensure full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; to abide by the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>; to promote the principles of democracy by building, strengthening and protecting democratic institutions; and to promote <a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">tolerance</a> throughout the OSCE region.<a href="#cite_note-adm223-112">[107]</a> <dl><dt>Combating trafficking in human beings</dt></dl> Since 2003, the OSCE<a href="#cite_note-osce.org-113">[108]</a> has had an established mechanism for combating trafficking in human beings, as defined by Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_against_Transnational_Organized_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention against Transnational Organized Crime">Palermo Protocol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> which is aimed at raising public awareness of the problem and building the political will within participating states to tackle it effectively. The OSCE actions against <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">trafficking in human beings</a> are coordinated by the Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings.<a href="#cite_note-osce.org-113">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Grazia_Giammarinaro" title="Maria Grazia Giammarinaro">Maria Grazia Giammarinaro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a> a judge in the Criminal Court of Rome, took Office as the Special Representative in March 2010. From 2006 to 2009, this Office was held by <a href="/wiki/Eva_Biaudet" title="Eva Biaudet">Eva Biaudet</a>, a former Finnish Minister of Health and Social Services. Biaudet currently serves as Finnish Ombudsman for Minorities. Her predecessor was former Austrian Minister <a href="/wiki/Helga_Konrad" title="Helga Konrad">Helga Konrad</a>, who served as the first OSCE Special Representative for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings. The activities around Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in the OSCE Region of the Office of the Special Representative include:<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a> <ul><li>Co-operation with governments, helping them to accept and act on their responsibilities for curbing trafficking in human beings;</li> <li>Providing governments with decision and policy-making aids and offering guidance on anti-trafficking management, with the aim of arriving at solutions tailored to the needs of the individual countries and in line with international standards;</li> <li>Assisting governments to develop the national anti-trafficking structures required for efficient internal and transnational co-operation;</li> <li>Raising awareness to draw attention to the complexity of the problem and to the need for comprehensive solutions;</li> <li>Considering all dimensions of <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, namely trafficking for <a href="/wiki/Sexual_exploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual exploitation">sexual exploitation</a>, trafficking for <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced and bonded labour</a>, including domestic servitude, trafficking into <a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">forced marriages</a>, trafficking in organs and trafficking in children;</li> <li>Ensuring the effective interaction of all agents and stake holders involved in the fight against human trafficking, ranging from governmental authorities, law enforcement officials to NGOs, and—last but not least—<a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a>, as the agencies providing support thorough expertise and know-how;</li> <li>Guaranteeing the highest possible visibility of the OSCE's fight against human trafficking to focus attention on the issue.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Democratization</dt></dl> The OSCE claims to promote democracy and assist the participating states in building <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratic institutions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a> <dl><dt>Education</dt></dl> Education programmes are an integral part of the organization's efforts in conflict prevention and post-conflict rehabilitation. <dl><dt>Elections</dt></dl> As part of its democratization activities, the OSCE carries out election assistance projects in the run-up to, during, and following elections. However, the effectiveness of such assistance is arguable—Kazakhstan, for example, despite being the former chair of the OSCE, is considered by many to be one of the least democratic countries in the world. Moreover, the recent democratic advances made in other Central Asian republics, notably Kyrgyzstan, have led to rumours of Soviet-style disruption of the Kyrgyz democratic process by, in particular, Kazakhstan and Russia. This may be in large part due to fears over the long-term stability of these countries' own quasi-dictatorships. <dl><dt>Gender equality</dt></dl> The equality of men and women is an integral part of sustainable democracy. The OSCE aims to provide equal opportunities for men and women and to integrate <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> in policies and practices. <dl><dt>Human rights</dt></dl> The OSCE's <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> activities focus on such priorities as <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">freedom of movement</a> and religion, preventing torture and trafficking in persons. <dl><dt>National and international NGOs</dt></dl> OSCE could grant <a href="/wiki/Consultative_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultative Status">consultive status</a> to <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">NGOs</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_nongovernmental_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="International nongovernmental organizations">INGOs</a> in the form of "Researcher-in-residence programme" (run by the Prague Office of the OSCE Secretariat): accredited representatives of national and international NGOs are granted access to all records and to numerous topical compilations related to OSCE field activities. <dl><dt>Media freedom</dt></dl> The OSCE observes relevant media developments in its participating states with a view to addressing and providing early warning on violations of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>. <dl><dt>Minority rights</dt></dl> Ethnic conflict is one of the main sources of large-scale violence in Europe today. The OSCE's approach is to identify and to seek early resolution of ethnic tensions, and to set standards for the rights of persons belonging to <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">minority groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">High Commissioner on National Minorities</a> has been established.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="OSCE_Democracy_Defender_Award">OSCE Democracy Defender Award</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: OSCE Democracy Defender Award" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> The Democracy Defender Award honors a person or group for contributions to the promotion of democracy and the defense of human rights "in the spirit of Helsinki Final Act and other OSCE principles and commitments." The award was established in 2016 on the initiative of Ambassadors of 8 countries, and supported by the delegations of the 18 countries of the OSCE (22 countries in 2017).<a href="#cite_note-demdefend-119">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-epde-120">[115]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;">Recipient </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#87CEFA;">Nationality </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background:#87CEFA;">Notes </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background:#87CEFA;">Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>ZMINA <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Ukrainian Human Rights Centre Zmina and to the Russian Memorial Human Rights Centre in recognition of their courageous and important efforts to promote human rights and democracy.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viasna_Human_Rights_Centre" title="Viasna Human Rights Centre">Viasna Human Rights Centre</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>Belarusian organisation established in 1996 which advocates for the rights of political prisoners in Belarus and against the government of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Informed_Citizens" title="Union of Informed Citizens">Union of Informed Citizens</a> (UIC) </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>Armenian organisation which intends to raise public awareness on important issues and reduce the impact of misinformation on decision-making. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325134513/https://crta.rs/en/">CRTA</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>Serbian organisation established in 2002 to improve the democratic culture, the rule of law and the freedom of the Media </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golos_(election_monitor)" title="Golos (election monitor)">Golos</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Russian organisation established in 2000 to protect the electoral rights of citizens and to foster civil society </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-demdefend-119">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleksandra_Matviichuk" title="Oleksandra Matviichuk">Oleksandra Matviychuk</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>Ukrainian activist, coordinator of Euromaidan SOS and leader of Civil Rights Center </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pravda.ua-126">[121]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapted_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe_Treaty" title="Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty">Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Armenia–OSCE relations">Armenia–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Azerbaijan–OSCE relations">Azerbaijan–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">International Federation for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_organisations_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="International organisations in Europe">International organisations in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_statistics" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silence_procedure" title="Silence procedure">Silence procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-YG-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YG_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YG_69-1">b</a> Yugoslavia was an original signatory </li> <li id="cite_note-CZ-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CZ_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CZ_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CZ_70-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CZ_70-3">d</a> Czechoslovakia was an original signatory </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Asia <a href="#Partners_for_co-operation">partner for co-operation</a> 2004–2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Previously referred to by the OSCE as the "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Despite the Taliban's return to power in 2021, there is no current evidence that the OSCE has removed the country from its list of partners in cooperation. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countryeconomy.com/countries/groups/osce">"OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 2022"</a>. Countryeconomy.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Countryeconomy.com&rft.atitle=OSCE+-+Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountryeconomy.com%2Fcountries%2Fgroups%2Fosce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countryeconomy.com/countries/groups/osce">"OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 2023"</a>. Countryeconomy.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Countryeconomy.com&rft.atitle=OSCE+-+Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountryeconomy.com%2Fcountries%2Fgroups%2Fosce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-galbreath-3"><a href="#cite_ref-galbreath_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbreath2007" class="citation book cs1">Galbreath, David J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v7d8AgAAQBAJ">The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a>. Routledge global institutions (Volume 14). New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203960943" title="Special:BookSources/9780203960943"><bdi>9780203960943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe+%28OSCE%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Routledge+global+institutions+%28Volume+14%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780203960943&rft.aulast=Galbreath&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv7d8AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/partnerships/111477">"United Nations"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302183309/https://www.osce.org/partnerships/111477">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022. <q>On 26 May 1993, a Framework for Co-operation and Co-ordination between the United Nations Secretariat and the CSCE was agreed upon, and in October of the same year, the UN granted the CSCE observer status.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fpartnerships%2F111477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbreath2007" class="citation book cs1">Galbreath, David J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v7d8AgAAQBAJ">The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a>. Routledge global institutions (Volume 14). New York, NY: Routledge. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203960943" title="Special:BookSources/9780203960943"><bdi>9780203960943</bdi></a>. <q>Like the CSCE, the purpose was to promote trust and confidence between East and West.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe+%28OSCE%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Routledge+global+institutions+%28Volume+14%29&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780203960943&rft.aulast=Galbreath&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv7d8AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/mc/40213">"Final Recommendations of the Helsinki Consultations"</a>. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 3 July 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092327/http://www.osce.org/mc/40213">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Recommendations+of+the+Helsinki+Consultations&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=1973-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmc%2F40213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nosce-7"><a href="#cite_ref-nosce_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.norway.no/en/missions/osce/norway-and-the-osce/statements/statements-with-norwegian-alignment-2021/eu-statement-on-the-continued-crackdown-on-civil-society-in-russia/">"EU Statement on the continued crackdown on civil society in Russia"</a>. OSCE Permanent Council No. 1323. The Permanent Delegation of Norway to the OSCE. 8 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107181839/https://www.norway.no/en/missions/osce/norway-and-the-osce/statements/statements-with-norwegian-alignment-2021/eu-statement-on-the-continued-crackdown-on-civil-society-in-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OSCE+Permanent+Council+No.+1323&rft.atitle=EU+Statement+on+the+continued+crackdown+on+civil+society+in+Russia&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.norway.no%2Fen%2Fmissions%2Fosce%2Fnorway-and-the-osce%2Fstatements%2Fstatements-with-norwegian-alignment-2021%2Feu-statement-on-the-continued-crackdown-on-civil-society-in-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmosce-8"><a href="#cite_ref-mmosce_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/e/20066.pdf">"Moscow mechanism"</a> (PDF). OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055408/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/e/20066.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Moscow+mechanism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2F5%2Fe%2F20066.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NATO_Review_2000_z633-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NATO_Review_2000_z633_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATO_Review_2000_z633_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2000/07/01/the-osces-istanbul-charter-for-european-security/index.html">"The OSCEs Istanbul Charter for European Security"</a>. NATO Review. 1 July 2000. Retrieved 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO+Review&rft.atitle=The+OSCEs+Istanbul+Charter+for+European+Security&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Freview%2Farticles%2F2000%2F07%2F01%2Fthe-osces-istanbul-charter-for-european-security%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty_1999_z527-10"><a href="#cite_ref-RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty_1999_z527_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rourke1999" class="citation web cs1">O'Rourke, Breffni (9 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/1092699.html">"OSCE: Summit Hears Clinton, Yeltsin Comment On Chechnya"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=OSCE%3A+Summit+Hears+Clinton%2C+Yeltsin+Comment+On+Chechnya&rft.date=1999-11-09&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Breffni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1092699.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday2004-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday2004_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday2004_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515111154/http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-08-10-osce-observers_x.htm">"U.S. invites international observers to Nov. election"</a>. USA Today. usatoday.com. 10 August 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-08-10-osce-observers_x.htm">the original</a> on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+invites+international+observers+to+Nov.+election&rft.pub=USA+Today.+usatoday.com&rft.date=2004-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fpoliticselections%2Fnation%2Fpresident%2F2004-08-10-osce-observers_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/usa/eom/general_2004">"Presidential Election, 2 November 2004, United States of America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160843/http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/usa/eom/general_2004">Archived</a> 30 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Retrieved 2016-12-30. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltictimes.com/formin_expresses_regret_over_russia_and_belarus_veto_of_estonia_s_2024_osce_chairmanship/">"Formin expresses regret over Russia and Belarus veto of Estonia's 2024 OSCE chairmanship"</a>. 21 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formin+expresses+regret+over+Russia+and+Belarus+veto+of+Estonia%27s+2024+OSCE+chairmanship&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fformin_expresses_regret_over_russia_and_belarus_veto_of_estonia_s_2024_osce_chairmanship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gosce-14"><a href="#cite_ref-gosce_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/georgia-closed">"OSCE Mission to Georgia (closed)"</a>. OSCE. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608230312/https://www.osce.org/georgia-closed">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+Mission+to+Georgia+%28closed%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fgeorgia-closed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/mission-to-moldova">"OSCE Mission to Moldova"</a>. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+Mission+to+Moldova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmission-to-moldova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shrmonitor.org/osce-moldova-mission-mandate-extended-for-six-months/">"OSCE Moldova mission mandate extended for six months"</a>. 30 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+Moldova+mission+mandate+extended+for+six+months&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrmonitor.org%2Fosce-moldova-mission-mandate-extended-for-six-months%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/mandate">"OSCE MISSION TO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA"</a>. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+MISSION+TO+BOSNIA+AND+HERZEGOVINA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina%2Fmandate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rusview-18"><a href="#cite_ref-rusview_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rusemb.org.uk/osce/">"RUSSIAN VIEWS OF THE OSCE ACTIVITIES"</a>. he Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626193021/https://www.rusemb.org.uk/osce/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RUSSIAN+VIEWS+OF+THE+OSCE+ACTIVITIES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusemb.org.uk%2Fosce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/mission-to-serbia/mandate">"OSCE MISSION TO SERBIA"</a>. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+MISSION+TO+SERBIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmission-to-serbia%2Fmandate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/mission-to-montenegro/mandate">"OSCE MISSION TO MONTENEGRO"</a>. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+MISSION+TO+MONTENEGRO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmission-to-montenegro%2Fmandate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114215959/https://www.oag.state.tx.us/newspubs/releases/2012/102312abbot_letter.pdf">"Attorney General of Texas"</a> (PDF). oag.state.tx.us. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oag.state.tx.us/newspubs/releases/2012/102312abbot_letter.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oag.state.tx.us&rft.atitle=Attorney+General+of+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oag.state.tx.us%2Fnewspubs%2Freleases%2F2012%2F102312abbot_letter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024053635/https://www.oag.state.tx.us/oagnews/release.php?id=4199">"Attorney General Abbott Informs U.S. State Department that International Election Observers Cannot Circumvent Texas Law"</a>. Oag.state.tx.us. Texas Attorney General. 25 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oag.state.tx.us/oagnews/release.php?id=4199">the original</a> on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oag.state.tx.us&rft.atitle=Attorney+General+Abbott+Informs+U.S.+State+Department+that+International+Election+Observers+Cannot+Circumvent+Texas+Law&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oag.state.tx.us%2Foagnews%2Frelease.php%3Fid%3D4199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/10/199824.htm#DEPARTMENT">Daily Press Briefing: 26 October 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728033857/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/10/199824.htm#DEPARTMENT">Archived</a> 28 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> US State Department. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2017/04/14/erdogan-slams-osce-ahead-of-constitutional-referendum">"Erdogan slams OSCE ahead of constitutional referendum"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054305/http://www.euronews.com/2017/04/14/erdogan-slams-osce-ahead-of-constitutional-referendum">Archived</a> 8 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 14 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/president-erdogan-slams-osce-over-referendum-campaign-report--112053">President Erdoğan slams OSCE over referendum campaign report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054844/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/president-erdogan-slams-osce-over-referendum-campaign-report--112053">Archived</a> 8 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a>. 14 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/osce-turkey-referendum-contested-on-an-unlevel-playing-field/a-38453816">"OSCE: Turkey referendum 'contested on an unlevel playing field'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508055229/http://www.dw.com/en/osce-turkey-referendum-contested-on-an-unlevel-playing-field/a-38453816">Archived</a> 8 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>, 17 April 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329232817/https://www.osce.org/special-monitoring-mission-to-ukraine">Archived</a> 29 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. OSCE. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stephanie, Liechtenstein (1 March 2014). "The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission has become the Eyes and Ears of the International Community on the Ground in Ukraine". Security and Human Rights. 25 (1): 5–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18750230-02501008">10.1163/18750230-02501008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Security+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=The+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+has+become+the+Eyes+and+Ears+of+the+International+Community+on+the+Ground+in+Ukraine&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-10&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18750230-02501008&rft.aulast=Stephanie&rft.aufirst=Liechtenstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Luke Harding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/27/ukraine-kidnapped-observers-slavyansk-vyacheslav-ponomarev">"Ukraine: kidnapped observers paraded by pro-Russian gunmen in Slavyansk"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004221/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/27/ukraine-kidnapped-observers-slavyansk-vyacheslav-ponomarev">Archived</a> 6 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 27 April 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ru.tsn.ua/politika/nablyudateli-obse-vozili-v-svoem-avtomobile-vooruzhennyh-boevikov-389982.html">"Наблюдатели ОБСЕ возили в своем автомобиле вооруженных боевиков"</a> (in Russian). TSN. 3 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141005233633/http://ru.tsn.ua/politika/nablyudateli-obse-vozili-v-svoem-avtomobile-vooruzhennyh-boevikov-389982.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=TSN&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fru.tsn.ua%2Fpolitika%2Fnablyudateli-obse-vozili-v-svoem-avtomobile-vooruzhennyh-boevikov-389982.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2022" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Andrew (1 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com/2022/09/01/what-is-the-organisation-for-security-and-co-operation-in-europe/">"What is the Organisation for Security and Co-Operation in Europe? - Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute"</a>. bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229092441/https://bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com/2022/09/01/what-is-the-organisation-for-security-and-co-operation-in-europe/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Organisation+for+Security+and+Co-Operation+in+Europe%3F+-+Boot+Camp+%26+Military+Fitness+Institute&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com%2F2022%2F09%2F01%2Fwhat-is-the-organisation-for-security-and-co-operation-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/war/10058525-osce-relaunches-long-range-surveillance-drone-program-in-ukraine.html">"OSCE relaunches long-range surveillance drone program in Ukraine"</a>. UNIAN. 27 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121002240/https://www.unian.info/war/10058525-osce-relaunches-long-range-surveillance-drone-program-in-ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+relaunches+long-range+surveillance+drone+program+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fwar%2F10058525-osce-relaunches-long-range-surveillance-drone-program-in-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/society/1008007-osce-denies-it-gave-information-about-ukrainian-troop-positions-to-russians.html">"OSCE denies it gave information about Ukrainian troop positions to Russians"</a>. UNIAN. 11 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418121437/https://www.unian.info/society/1008007-osce-denies-it-gave-information-about-ukrainian-troop-positions-to-russians.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+denies+it+gave+information+about+Ukrainian+troop+positions+to+Russians&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fsociety%2F1008007-osce-denies-it-gave-information-about-ukrainian-troop-positions-to-russians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/3/474042.pdf">"Status Report 14 December 2020"</a> (PDF). OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127175322/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/3/474042.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+to+Ukraine&rft.atitle=Status+Report+14+December+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2Fe%2F3%2F474042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osce.einnews.com/article__detail/233848306?lcode=xlBANnWjcZIh_XzBy9uIdg%3D%3D">"The OSCE monitoring mission has stopped using drones to monitor the situation in the rebel-held territories"</a>. OSCE news.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+OSCE+monitoring+mission+has+stopped+using+drones+to+monitor+the+situation+in+the+rebel-held+territories&rft.pub=OSCE+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fosce.einnews.com%2Farticle__detail%2F233848306%3Flcode%3DxlBANnWjcZIh_XzBy9uIdg%253D%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015223106/http://euroua.com/europe/osce/3258-missiya-obse-v-ukraine-pod-shkvalom-kritiki">"Миссия ОБСЕ в Украине под шквалом критики"</a>. EuroUA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euroua.com/europe/osce/3258-missiya-obse-v-ukraine-pod-shkvalom-kritiki">the original</a> on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=EuroUA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuroua.com%2Feurope%2Fosce%2F3258-missiya-obse-v-ukraine-pod-shkvalom-kritiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/politics/_litvin-rasskazal-genseku-obse-chto-kritika-v-adres-ukrainy-ne-vsegda-ob-ektivna/400033">"Литвин рассказал генсеку ОБСЕ, что критика в адрес Украины не всегда объективна"</a>. Gazeta. 16 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111060936/http://gazeta.ua/ru/articles/politics/_litvin-rasskazal-genseku-obse-chto-kritika-v-adres-ukrainy-ne-vsegda-ob-ektivna/400033">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.pub=Gazeta&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.ua%2Fru%2Farticles%2Fpolitics%2F_litvin-rasskazal-genseku-obse-chto-kritika-v-adres-ukrainy-ne-vsegda-ob-ektivna%2F400033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.liga.net/news/politics/4011607-rossiya_uznala_ot_obse_mesta_dislokatsii_ryada_podrazdeleniy_sil_ato.htm">"Россия узнала от ОБСЕ места дислокации ряда подразделений сил АТО"</a>. Liga. 11 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111060121/http://news.liga.net/news/politics/4011607-rossiya_uznala_ot_obse_mesta_dislokatsii_ryada_podrazdeleniy_sil_ato.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E&rft.pub=Liga&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.liga.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F4011607-rossiya_uznala_ot_obse_mesta_dislokatsii_ryada_podrazdeleniy_sil_ato.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603002550/http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/minoboroni_80_sotrudnikov_obse_v_mariupole__rossiyane_sredi_nih_fsbshniki_1682979">"Минобороны: 80% сотрудников ОБСЕ в Мариуполе – россияне, среди них ФСБшники"</a>. Ukrinform. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/minoboroni_80_sotrudnikov_obse_v_mariupole__rossiyane_sredi_nih_fsbshniki_1682979">the original</a> on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+80%25+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%2C+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=Ukrinform&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frus%2Fnews%2Fminoboroni_80_sotrudnikov_obse_v_mariupole__rossiyane_sredi_nih_fsbshniki_1682979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/128901">"Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM) based on information received as of 18:00 (Kyiv time) 1 December 2014"</a>. OSCE.org. OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202014237/https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/128901">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OSCE.org&rft.atitle=Latest+from+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+to+Ukraine+%28SMM%29+based+on+information+received+as+of+18%3A00+%28Kyiv+time%29+1+December+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F128901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/1166116-suspended-osce-monitor-confirms-hes-russian-gru-officer.html">"Suspended OSCE monitor confirms he's Russian GRU officer"</a>. UNIAN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151028133935/http://www.unian.info/politics/1166116-suspended-osce-monitor-confirms-hes-russian-gru-officer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspended+OSCE+monitor+confirms+he%27s+Russian+GRU+officer&rft.pub=UNIAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fpolitics%2F1166116-suspended-osce-monitor-confirms-hes-russian-gru-officer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/10/osce-ukraine-lies/">"That Time A Russian OSCE Monitor in Ukraine Got Drunk, Said Too Much"</a>. Value Walk. 30 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728033914/https://www.valuewalk.com/2015/10/osce-ukraine-lies/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=That+Time+A+Russian+OSCE+Monitor+in+Ukraine+Got+Drunk%2C+Said+Too+Much&rft.pub=Value+Walk&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valuewalk.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fosce-ukraine-lies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamanska2016" class="citation news cs1">Shamanska, Anna (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-osce-staff-at-separatist-wedding/27660759.html">"OSCE Expresses 'Regret' After Staff Shown at Separatist Wedding in Ukraine"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Radio Free Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408065108/http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-osce-staff-at-separatist-wedding/27660759.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=OSCE+Expresses+%27Regret%27+After+Staff+Shown+at+Separatist+Wedding+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Shamanska&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Fukraine-osce-staff-at-separatist-wedding%2F27660759.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-osce-idUSKBN17P0CZ">"American member of watchdog OSCE killed in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 24 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704183146/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-osce-idUSKBN17P0CZ">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=American+member+of+watchdog+OSCE+killed+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-osce-idUSKBN17P0CZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT01-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT01_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT01_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/23/world/europe/american-killed-ukraine.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-1&action=click&contentCollection=Europe&region=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article">"Land Mine Kills American on Monitoring Mission in Ukraine"</a>. The New York Times. Reuters. 23 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231052020/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/23/world/europe/american-killed-ukraine.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-1&action=click&contentCollection=Europe&region=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Land+Mine+Kills+American+on+Monitoring+Mission+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2017-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Famerican-killed-ukraine.html%3F%26moduleDetail%3Dsection-news-1%26action%3Dclick%26contentCollection%3DEurope%26region%3DFooter%26module%3DMoreInSection%26version%3DWhatsNext%26contentID%3DWhatsNext%26pgtype%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20180718-osce-ukraine-mission-says-claim-russian-spying-big-blow">"OSCE Ukraine mission says claim of Russian spying 'big blow'"</a>. France24. 18 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718193243/http://www.france24.com/en/20180718-osce-ukraine-mission-says-claim-russian-spying-big-blow">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+Ukraine+mission+says+claim+of+Russian+spying+%27big+blow%27&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20180718-osce-ukraine-mission-says-claim-russian-spying-big-blow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Christopher (18 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-fsb-arrests-osce-ukraine-spying/27865916.html">"Russia Detains OSCE Monitor, Accuses Him Of Spying For Ukraine"</a>. Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112001030/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-fsb-arrests-osce-ukraine-spying/27865916.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+Detains+OSCE+Monitor%2C+Accuses+Him+Of+Spying+For+Ukraine&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Frussia-fsb-arrests-osce-ukraine-spying%2F27865916.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30056604">"Ukraine crisis: Russia accuses OSCE monitors of bias"</a>. BBC. 14 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023822/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30056604">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Russia+accuses+OSCE+monitors+of+bias&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30056604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/world/osce-russia-s-foreign-minister-lavrov-unhappy-with-osce-monitors-in-ukraine-11109665.html">"Russia's Foreign Minister Lavrov unhappy with OSCE SMM's performance in Ukraine"</a>. UNIAN. 12 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921010547/https://www.unian.info/world/osce-russia-s-foreign-minister-lavrov-unhappy-with-osce-monitors-in-ukraine-11109665.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Foreign+Minister+Lavrov+unhappy+with+OSCE+SMM%27s+performance+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fworld%2Fosce-russia-s-foreign-minister-lavrov-unhappy-with-osce-monitors-in-ukraine-11109665.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/529239">"OSCE sends a needs assessment team to Armenia"</a>. 19 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+sends+a+needs+assessment+team+to+Armenia&rft.date=2022-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship%2F529239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/516447">"OSCE Chairman-in-Office and Secretary General call for immediate release of detained OSCE officials in areas of Donetsk and Luhansk"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425105630/https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/516447">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+Chairman-in-Office+and+Secretary+General+call+for+immediate+release+of+detained+OSCE+officials+in+areas+of+Donetsk+and+Luhansk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship%2F516447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiechtenstein2022" class="citation web cs1">Liechtenstein, Stephanie (20 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/09/20/osce-ukrainian-staff-russian-court-00057715">"OSCE Ukrainian staff members sentenced in Russian-separatist kangaroo court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922022139/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/09/20/osce-ukrainian-staff-russian-court-00057715">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=OSCE+Ukrainian+staff+members+sentenced+in+Russian-separatist+kangaroo+court&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.aulast=Liechtenstein&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F09%2F20%2Fosce-ukrainian-staff-russian-court-00057715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delegazioneosce.esteri.it/it/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2022/03/bozza-nuovo-articolo/">"Attivazione del Meccanismo di Mosca dell'OSCE sui diritti umani in relazione all'attacco russo in Ucraina"</a>. delegazioneosce.esteri.it (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227145346/https://delegazioneosce.esteri.it/it/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2022/03/bozza-nuovo-articolo/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delegazioneosce.esteri.it&rft.atitle=Attivazione+del+Meccanismo+di+Mosca+dell%27OSCE+sui+diritti+umani+in+relazione+all%27attacco+russo+in+Ucraina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdelegazioneosce.esteri.it%2Fit%2Fnews%2Fdalla_rappresentanza%2F2022%2F03%2Fbozza-nuovo-articolo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2022/2022-03-03-statement_humanitarian_kinnear-declaration_humanitaires.aspx?lang=eng">"Statement by Ambassador Jocelyn Kinnear on the invocation of the Moscow mechanism to address the human rights and humanitarian impacts of Russia's invasion and acts of war against Ukraine"</a>. 3 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530232329/https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2022/2022-03-03-statement_humanitarian_kinnear-declaration_humanitaires.aspx?lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+by+Ambassador+Jocelyn+Kinnear+on+the+invocation+of+the+Moscow+mechanism+to+address+the+human+rights+and+humanitarian+impacts+of+Russia%27s+invasion+and+acts+of+war+against+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.gc.ca%2Fnews-nouvelles%2F2022%2F2022-03-03-statement_humanitarian_kinnear-declaration_humanitaires.aspx%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/a/515868.pdf">"Report on violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Ukraine since 24 february 2022"</a> (PDF). osce.org. 12 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220607134515/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/a/515868.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=Report+on+violations+of+international+humanitarian+and+human+rights+law%2C+war+crimes+and+crimes+against+humanity+committed+in+Ukraine+since+24+february+2022&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2Ff%2Fa%2F515868.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/548614">"The legal framework applicable to the armed conflict in Ukraine"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=The+legal+framework+applicable+to+the+armed+conflict+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F548614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/548611">"Ukraine Monitoring Initiative Methodology"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Monitoring+Initiative+Methodology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F548611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/523081">"Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Interim+Report+on+reported+violations+of+international+humanitarian+law+and+international+human+rights+law+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F523081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/534933">"Second Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Second+Interim+Report+on+reported+violations+of+international+humanitarian+law+and+international+human+rights+law+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F534933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/548629">"Third Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Third+Interim+Report+on+reported+violations+of+international+humanitarian+law+and+international+human+rights+law+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F548629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/560325">"Fourth Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine"</a>. www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Fourth+Interim+Report+on+reported+violations+of+international+humanitarian+law+and+international+human+rights+law+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F560325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delegazioneosce.esteri.it/it/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2022/06/nuova-attivazione-del-meccanismo/">"Nuova attivazione del Meccanismo di Mosca dell'OSCE sulla guerra di aggressione russa in Ucraina"</a>. delegazioneosce.esteri.it (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227145339/https://delegazioneosce.esteri.it/it/news/dalla_rappresentanza/2022/06/nuova-attivazione-del-meccanismo/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delegazioneosce.esteri.it&rft.atitle=Nuova+attivazione+del+Meccanismo+di+Mosca+dell%27OSCE+sulla+guerra+di+aggressione+russa+in+Ucraina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdelegazioneosce.esteri.it%2Fit%2Fnews%2Fdalla_rappresentanza%2F2022%2F06%2Fnuova-attivazione-del-meccanismo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce.delegfrance.org/STATEMENT-BY-FRANCE-ON-THE-INVOCATION-OF-THE-MOSCOW-MECHANISM-TO-ADDRESS-THE-1788">"Statement by France on the invocation of the Moscow Mechanism to address the human rights and humanitarian impacts of Russia's invasion and acts of war against Ukraine"</a>. delegfrance.org. 2 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124215234/https://osce.delegfrance.org/STATEMENT-BY-FRANCE-ON-THE-INVOCATION-OF-THE-MOSCOW-MECHANISM-TO-ADDRESS-THE-1788">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delegfrance.org&rft.atitle=Statement+by+France+on+the+invocation+of+the+Moscow+Mechanism+to+address+the+human+rights+and+humanitarian+impacts+of+Russia%27s+invasion+and+acts+of+war+against+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosce.delegfrance.org%2FSTATEMENT-BY-FRANCE-ON-THE-INVOCATION-OF-THE-MOSCOW-MECHANISM-TO-ADDRESS-THE-1788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/odihr/522616">"Report on violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Ukraine (1 April - 25 June 2022)"</a> (PDF). osce.org. 14 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220714230624/https://www.osce.org/odihr/522616">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=Report+on+violations+of+international+humanitarian+and+human+rights+law%2C+war+crimes+and+crimes+against+humanity+committed+in+Ukraine+%281+April+-+25+June+2022%29&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2F522616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000143461680/gestohlene-fahrzeuge-entfuehrte-mitarbeiter-die-osze-hadert-mit-russland">"Gestohlene Fahrzeuge, entführte Mitarbeiter: Die OSZE hadert mit Russland"</a>. derstandard.at. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=derstandard.at&rft.atitle=Gestohlene+Fahrzeuge%2C+entf%C3%BChrte+Mitarbeiter%3A+Die+OSZE+hadert+mit+Russland&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derstandard.at%2Fstory%2F2000143461680%2Fgestohlene-fahrzeuge-entfuehrte-mitarbeiter-die-osze-hadert-mit-russland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/americas/2004/vote_usa_2004/3987655.stm">"US vote 'mostly free and fair'"</a>. BBC. 5 November 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213215747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/americas/2004/vote_usa_2004/3987655.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=US+vote+%27mostly+free+and+fair%27&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2Famericas%2F2004%2Fvote_usa_2004%2F3987655.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0710/An_election_in_Copenhagen.html">An election in Copenhagen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217210855/http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0710/An_election_in_Copenhagen.html">Archived</a> 17 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> politico.com </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/secretariat/327261">"OSCE website now available in six official languages"</a>. OSCE Secretariat. 30 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707082107/https://www.osce.org/secretariat/327261">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+website+now+available+in+six+official+languages&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fsecretariat%2F327261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709001345/http://www.osce.org/about/13131.html">"OSCE: About - Participating States"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/about/13131.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE%3A+About+-+Participating+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fabout%2F13131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/partners-for-cooperation">"OSCE - Partners for Co-operation"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120124057/https://www.osce.org/partners-for-cooperation">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=OSCE+-+Partners+for+Co-operation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fpartners-for-cooperation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_76-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/secretariat/36184">Making a credible case for a legal personality for the OSCE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513230327/http://www.osce.org/secretariat/36184">Archived</a> 13 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", OSCE Secretariat </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/summits">"Summits"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614220049/https://www.osce.org/summits">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Summits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fsummits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050430191753/http://www.osce.org/documents/fsc/1999/11/4265_en.pdf">"Vienna Document 1999 of the Negotiations on Confidence- and Security-building Measures"</a> (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 16 November 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/documents/fsc/1999/11/4265_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 April 2005. Retrieved 21 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vienna+Document+1999+of+the+Negotiations+on+Confidence-+and+Security-building+Measures&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=1999-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fdocuments%2Ffsc%2F1999%2F11%2F4265_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/whatistheosce/factsheet?download=true">"What is the OSCE?"</a>. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326185933/http://www.osce.org/whatistheosce/factsheet?download=true">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+OSCE%3F&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhatistheosce%2Ffactsheet%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/pa/260596?download=true">"The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly"</a>. osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011354/http://www.osce.org/pa/260596?download=true">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=The+OSCE+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fpa%2F260596%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-osceasianconf-81"><a href="#cite_ref-osceasianconf_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/event/2017-osce-asian-conference">"2017 OSCE Asian Conference"</a>. OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630150147/http://www.osce.org/event/2017-osce-asian-conference">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+OSCE+Asian+Conference&rft.pub=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fevent%2F2017-osce-asian-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce-academy.net/en/about/history/">"History of the Academy :: OSCE Academy in Bishkek"</a>. osce-academy.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092257/https://osce-academy.net/en/about/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce-academy.net&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Academy+%3A%3A+OSCE+Academy+in+Bishkek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosce-academy.net%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/where-we-are">"Where we are"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201112100/https://www.osce.org/where-we-are">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+we+are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhere-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/closed-field-operations">"Closed field operations and related field activities"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201113009/https://www.osce.org/closed-field-operations">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Closed+field+operations+and+related+field+activities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fclosed-field-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112221325/http://www.international.gc.ca/osce/chairman-president.aspx?lang=eng">"The OSCE Chair-in-Office (CiO)"</a>. Global Affairs. international.gc.ca. Government of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.gc.ca/osce/chairman-president.aspx?lang=eng">the original</a> on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Affairs.+international.gc.ca&rft.atitle=The+OSCE+Chair-in-Office+%28CiO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.gc.ca%2Fosce%2Fchairman-president.aspx%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/chairperson-in-office-representatives">"chairman-in-Office Representatives"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115094530/https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/chairperson-in-office-representatives">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=chairman-in-Office+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship%2Fchairperson-in-office-representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/sq/node/108325">"Who we are"</a>. osce.org. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112204256/http://www.osce.org/sq/node/108325">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=Who+we+are&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fsq%2Fnode%2F108325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship">"OSCE Chairpersonship"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204124915/https://www.osce.org/chairmanship">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=OSCE+Chairpersonship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/chairperson-in-office">"Zbigniew Rau"</a>. www.osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201085318/https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/chairperson-in-office">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Zbigniew+Rau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship%2Fchairperson-in-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/5/472932.pdf">"Decision No. 5/20 OSCE Chairmanship in the Year 2023"</a> (PDF). OSCE. 4 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213134832/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/5/472932.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+No.+5%2F20+OSCE+Chairmanship+in+the+Year+2023&rft.pub=OSCE&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2F5%2F5%2F472932.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/535161">"North Macedonia takes over OSCE Chair | OSCE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101172149/https://www.osce.org/chairmanship/535161">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Macedonia+takes+over+OSCE+Chair+%26%23124%3B+OSCE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fchairmanship%2F535161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/item/41439.html">OSCE Magazine, issue number 4/2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230231131/http://www.osce.org/item/41439.html">Archived</a> 30 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, December 2009, pages 20–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/is-the-osces-future-in-crisis/a-65867647">"Is the OSCE's future in crisis? – DW – 06/09/2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Is+the+OSCE%27s+future+in+crisis%3F+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+06%2F09%2F2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fis-the-osces-future-in-crisis%2Fa-65867647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/osce-may-collapse-over-belarus-102400094.html">"OSCE may collapse over Belarus, Russia's reluctance to approve Estonia's presidency, says Finnish MFA"</a>. 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+may+collapse+over+Belarus%2C+Russia%27s+reluctance+to+approve+Estonia%27s+presidency%2C+says+Finnish+MFA&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fosce-may-collapse-over-belarus-102400094.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/event/mc_2012">"19th OSCE Ministerial Council"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111214904/http://www.osce.org/event/mc_2012">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=19th+OSCE+Ministerial+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fevent%2Fmc_2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.nv.ua/nation/russia-attempting-to-hold-osce-hostage-chairman-says-news-50288065.html">"Russia attempting to hold OSCE hostage, chairman says"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202080731/https://english.nv.ua/nation/russia-attempting-to-hold-osce-hostage-chairman-says-news-50288065.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+attempting+to+hold+OSCE+hostage%2C+chairman+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.nv.ua%2Fnation%2Frussia-attempting-to-hold-osce-hostage-chairman-says-news-50288065.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3626522-rau-most-osce-states-support-creation-of-special-tribunal-to-prosecute-russia.html">"Rau: Most OSCE states support creation of special tribunal to prosecute Russia"</a>. 2 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202161154/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3626522-rau-most-osce-states-support-creation-of-special-tribunal-to-prosecute-russia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rau%3A+Most+OSCE+states+support+creation+of+special+tribunal+to+prosecute+Russia&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-polytics%2F3626522-rau-most-osce-states-support-creation-of-special-tribunal-to-prosecute-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoNet2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">FoNet (24 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n1info.rs/region/sergej-lavrov-moze-da-sleti-u-skoplje/">"Sergej Lavrov može da sleti u Skoplje"</a>. N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 25 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=N1&rft.atitle=Sergej+Lavrov+mo%C5%BEe+da+sleti+u+Skoplje&rft.date=2023-11-24&rft.au=FoNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fn1info.rs%2Fregion%2Fsergej-lavrov-moze-da-sleti-u-skoplje%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/neutral-malta-chair-osce-after-moscow-blocks-nato-member-estonia-2023-11-27/">"Neutral Malta to chair OSCE after Moscow blocks NATO member Estonia"</a>. Reuters. 27 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Neutral+Malta+to+chair+OSCE+after+Moscow+blocks+NATO+member+Estonia&rft.date=2023-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fneutral-malta-chair-osce-after-moscow-blocks-nato-member-estonia-2023-11-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/funding-and-budget">"Funding and budget"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214536/https://www.osce.org/funding-and-budget">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funding+and+budget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffunding-and-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ec/43240">"Secretariat - External Cooperation"</a>. OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728173159/http://www.osce.org/ec/43240">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretariat+-+External+Cooperation&rft.pub=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fec%2F43240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_ARES485-102"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_ARES485_102-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> Session 48 Resolution 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A/RES/48/5">Observer status for the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in the General Assembly A/RES/48/5</a> 22 October 1993. Retrieved 2008-10-01. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> Verbatim Report 5982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S/PV/5982">S/PV/5982</a> page 2. Mr. Stubb <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> 26 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/what/arms-control">"Arms control"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231829/http://www.osce.org/what/arms-control">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Arms+control&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhat%2Farms-control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/oscc">"Open Skies Consultative Commission"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024333/http://www.osce.org/oscc">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Open+Skies+Consultative+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Foscc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/what/borders">"Border management"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129124531/http://www.osce.org/what/borders">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Border+management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhat%2Fborders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/what/terrorism">"Combating terrorism"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118232004/http://www.osce.org/what/terrorism">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Combating+terrorism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhat%2Fterrorism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/what/conflict-prevention">"Conflict prevention and resolution"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231839/http://www.osce.org/what/conflict-prevention">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Conflict+prevention+and+resolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fwhat%2Fconflict-prevention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/cpc">"Conflict prevention and resolution"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315201005/http://www.osce.org/cpc">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Conflict+prevention+and+resolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fcpc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/specials/bosnia/context/dayton.html">"Bosnia: Dayton Accords"</a>. archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 20 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Bosnia%3A+Dayton+Accords&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fspecials%2Fbosnia%2Fcontext%2Fdayton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/unmibh/background.html">"UNMIBH: United Nations Mission in Bosnia Herzegovina - Background"</a>. peacekeeping.un.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814104603/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/unmibh/background.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peacekeeping.un.org&rft.atitle=UNMIBH%3A+United+Nations+Mission+in+Bosnia+Herzegovina+-+Background&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacekeeping.un.org%2Fen%2Fmission%2Fpast%2Funmibh%2Fbackground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adm223-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adm223_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-adm223_112-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/foreign-policy/international-organizations/osce/ausrichtung-und-institutionen-der-osze.html">"Objectives and institutions of the OSCE"</a>. 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Objectives+and+institutions+of+the+OSCE&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Feda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fforeign-policy%2Finternational-organizations%2Fosce%2Fausrichtung-und-institutionen-der-osze.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-osce.org-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osce.org_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osce.org_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/cthb">"Combating trafficking in human beings"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315004217/http://www.osce.org/cthb">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Combating+trafficking+in+human+beings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fcthb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928150400/http://untreaty.un.org/English/TreatyEvent2003/Texts/treaty2E.pdf">"Palermo Protocol"</a> (PDF). Untreaty.un.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://untreaty.un.org/English/TreatyEvent2003/Texts/treaty2E.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Untreaty.un.org&rft.atitle=Palermo+Protocol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funtreaty.un.org%2FEnglish%2FTreatyEvent2003%2FTexts%2Ftreaty2E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/cthb/43180">"Maria Grazia Giammarinaro"</a>. Osce.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027231736/http://www.osce.org/cthb/43180">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Maria+Grazia+Giammarinaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fcthb%2F43180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015181750/http://www.osce.org/publications/cthb/2007/10/27431_971_en.pdf">"Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in the OSCE Region"</a> (PDF). Osce.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/publications/cthb/2007/10/27431_971_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Osce.org&rft.atitle=Combating+Trafficking+in+Human+Beings+in+the+OSCE+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fpublications%2Fcthb%2F2007%2F10%2F27431_971_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908062557/https://gsdrc.org/document-library/conflict-resolution-through-democracy-promotion-the-role-of-the-osce-in-georgia/">"Conflict Resolution through Democracy Promotion? The Role of the OSCE in Georgia"</a>. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsdrc.org/document-library/conflict-resolution-through-democracy-promotion-the-role-of-the-osce-in-georgia/">the original</a> on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conflict+Resolution+through+Democracy+Promotion%3F+The+Role+of+the+OSCE+in+Georgia&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgsdrc.org%2Fdocument-library%2Fconflict-resolution-through-democracy-promotion-the-role-of-the-osce-in-georgia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/osce-national-minority-standards">"National minority standards of the OSCE and the High Commissioner on National Minorities"</a>. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+minority+standards+of+the+OSCE+and+the+High+Commissioner+on+National+Minorities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fminorities%2Fosce-national-minority-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-demdefend-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demdefend_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-demdefend_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/OSCE/Current-affairs/News/Democracy-Defender-Award-presented-at-Schwedenhaus-sys/">"Democracy Defender Award presented at Schwedenhaus"</a>. OSCE mission in Sweden.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+Defender+Award+presented+at+Schwedenhaus&rft.pub=OSCE+mission+in+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenabroad.com%2Fen-GB%2FEmbassies%2FOSCE%2FCurrent-affairs%2FNews%2FDemocracy-Defender-Award-presented-at-Schwedenhaus-sys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-epde-120"><a href="#cite_ref-epde_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epde.org/en/newsreader/items/russian-epde-member-golos-awarded-2017-democracy-defender-award-in-vienna.html">"Russian EPDE member "Golos" awarded 2017 Democracy Defender Award in Vienna"</a>. European Platform for Democratic Elections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+EPDE+member+%22Golos%22+awarded+2017+Democracy+Defender+Award+in+Vienna&rft.pub=European+Platform+for+Democratic+Elections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epde.org%2Fen%2Fnewsreader%2Fitems%2Frussian-epde-member-golos-awarded-2017-democracy-defender-award-in-vienna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oestrig.um.dk/nyheder/denmark-and-osce-partner-countries-honours-zmina-and-memorial-with-2022-democracy-defender-award">"Denmark and OSCE-partner countries honours Human Rights Centre ZMINA and Memorial Human Rights Centre with 2022 Democracy Defender Award"</a>. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denmark+and+OSCE-partner+countries+honours+Human+Rights+Centre+ZMINA+and+Memorial+Human+Rights+Centre+with+2022+Democracy+Defender+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foestrig.um.dk%2Fnyheder%2Fdenmark-and-osce-partner-countries-honours-zmina-and-memorial-with-2022-democracy-defender-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce.usmission.gov/on-the-2020-democracy-defender-award-winner/">"On the 2020 Democracy Defender Award"</a>. U.S. Mission to the OSCE. 12 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501163243/https://osce.usmission.gov/on-the-2020-democracy-defender-award-winner/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Mission+to+the+OSCE&rft.atitle=On+the+2020+Democracy+Defender+Award&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosce.usmission.gov%2Fon-the-2020-democracy-defender-award-winner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce.usmission.gov/2019-democracy-defender-award-seminar-and-presentation/">"2019 Democracy Defender Award Seminar and Presentation"</a>. U.S. Mission to the OSCE. 13 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728033903/https://osce.usmission.gov/2019-democracy-defender-award-seminar-and-presentation/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Mission+to+the+OSCE&rft.atitle=2019+Democracy+Defender+Award+Seminar+and+Presentation&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosce.usmission.gov%2F2019-democracy-defender-award-seminar-and-presentation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce.usmission.gov/serbias-crta-receives-2018-democracy-defender-award/">"Serbia's 'CRTA' Receives the 2018 Democracy Defender Award | USOSCE"</a>. U.S. Mission to the OSCE. 19 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728033856/https://osce.usmission.gov/serbias-crta-receives-2018-democracy-defender-award/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Mission+to+the+OSCE&rft.atitle=Serbia%27s+%27CRTA%27+Receives+the+2018+Democracy+Defender+Award+%7C+USOSCE&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosce.usmission.gov%2Fserbias-crta-receives-2018-democracy-defender-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805225333/https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/serbia-belgrade/current/news/democracy-defender-award-till-engagemang-f%C3%B6r-demokratisk-utveckling-i-serbien/">"Democracy Defender Award" till engagemang för demokratisk utveckling i Serbien"</a>. Sweden Abroad. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/serbia-belgrade/current/news/democracy-defender-award-till-engagemang-f%C3%B6r-demokratisk-utveckling-i-serbien/">the original</a> on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sweden+Abroad&rft.atitle=Democracy+Defender+Award%22+till+engagemang+f%C3%B6r+demokratisk+utveckling+i+Serbien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedenabroad.se%2Fen%2Fembassies%2Fserbia-belgrade%2Fcurrent%2Fnews%2Fdemocracy-defender-award-till-engagemang-f%C3%B6r-demokratisk-utveckling-i-serbien%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pravda.ua-126"><a href="#cite_ref-pravda.ua_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926114450/http://oestrig.um.dk/da/om-os/nyheder/newsdisplaypage.aspx?newsid=8bfd912e-1d71-4fc2-9c10-e5fa9adfea03">"Democracy Defenders Award"</a>. OSCE mission in Denmark. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oestrig.um.dk/da/om-os/nyheder/newsdisplaypage.aspx?newsid=8bfd912e-1d71-4fc2-9c10-e5fa9adfea03">the original</a> on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+Defenders+Award&rft.pub=OSCE+mission+in+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foestrig.um.dk%2Fda%2Fom-os%2Fnyheder%2Fnewsdisplaypage.aspx%3Fnewsid%3D8bfd912e-1d71-4fc2-9c10-e5fa9adfea03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldi2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Baldi" title="Stefano Baldi">Baldi, Stefano</a>, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diplosor.files.wordpress.com/2023/08/baldi_inside_osce-1.pdf">Inside the OSCE. Papers from the seminars for italian universities on the organization for security and co-operation in Europe</a> (PDF). Napoli: Editoriale Scientifica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-12-5976-712-7" title="Special:BookSources/979-12-5976-712-7"><bdi>979-12-5976-712-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+OSCE.+Papers+from+the+seminars+for+italian+universities+on+the+organization+for+security+and+co-operation+in+Europe&rft.place=Napoli&rft.pub=Editoriale+Scientifica&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=979-12-5976-712-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiplosor.files.wordpress.com%2F2023%2F08%2Fbaldi_inside_osce-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81299#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osce.usmission.gov/">OSCE</a> The U.S. Mission to the OSCE</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscebih.org/">OSCE</a> The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polis.osce.org/">OSCE POLIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100710/https://polis.osce.org/">Archived</a> 25 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Policing OnLine Information System</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://react.usip.org/">United States Institute of Peace online training course for OSCE</a> required for U.S. citizens hired by the Organization. Provides a detailed outline of the OSCE, with additional modules on each major area that it is involved in. Website freely available, but tests only given to those who have submitted applications.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twitter.com/osce">Official OSCE account</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspr.ac.at/conflict_management/osce_academy/summer_academy_on_osce.htm">Summer Academy on OSCE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412095525/http://www.aspr.ac.at/conflict_management/osce_academy/summer_academy_on_osce.htm">Archived</a> 12 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.653077">Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1975)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moldovastamps.org/catalogue_stamps_issue.asp?issueID=22">Postage stamps of Moldova celebrating her admission to the OSCE</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&oldid=1257588214">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&oldid=1257588214</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 15 November 2024, at 18:25 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVSE" title="OVSE – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="OVSE" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%95" title="ОБСЕ – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="ОБСЕ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="منظمة الأمن والتعاون في أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة الأمن والتعاون في أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_pa_la_Seguranza_y_a_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_en_Europa" title="Organización pa la Seguranza y a Cooperación en Europa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Organización pa la Seguranza y a Cooperación en Europa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_pa_la_Segurid%C3%A1_y_la_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_n%27Europa" title="Organización pa la Seguridá y la Cooperación n'Europa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organización pa la Seguridá y la Cooperación n'Europa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropada_T%C9%99hl%C3%BCk%C9%99sizlik_v%C9%99_%C6%8Fm%C9%99kda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1q_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Avropada Təhlükəsizlik və Əməkdaşlıq Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropada Təhlükəsizlik və Əməkdaşlıq Təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="اوروپادا تهلوکه‌سیزلیک و امکداشلیق تشکیلاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوروپادا تهلوکه‌سیزلیک و امکداشلیق تشکیلاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au-chiu_An-cho%C3%A2n_kap_Ha%CC%8Dp-chok_Cho%CD%98-chit" title="Au-chiu An-choân kap Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Au-chiu An-choân kap Ha̍p-chok Cho͘-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%98%D0%A5%D0%9E" title="ЕИХО – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="ЕИХО" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B_%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Арганізацыя па бяспецы і супрацоўніцтве ў Еўропе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арганізацыя па бяспецы і супрацоўніцтве ў Еўропе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Арганізацыя бясьпекі і супрацы ў Эўропе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арганізацыя бясьпекі і супрацы ў Эўропе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Организация за сигурност и сътрудничество в Европа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Организация за сигурност и сътрудничество в Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacija_za_evropsku_sigurnost_i_saradnju" title="Organizacija za evropsku sigurnost i saradnju – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Organizacija za evropsku sigurnost i saradnju" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_per_a_la_Seguretat_i_la_Cooperaci%C3%B3_a_Europa" title="Organització per a la Seguretat i la Cooperació a Europa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organització per a la Seguretat i la Cooperació a Europa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizace_pro_bezpe%C4%8Dnost_a_spolupr%C3%A1ci_v_Evrop%C4%9B" title="Organizace pro bezpečnost a spolupráci v Evropě – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organizace pro bezpečnost a spolupráci v Evropě" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Diogelwch_a_Chydweithrediad_Ewrop" title="Sefydliad Diogelwch a Chydweithrediad Ewrop – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Diogelwch a Chydweithrediad Ewrop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE" title="OSCE – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="OSCE" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Sicherheit_und_Zusammenarbeit_in_Europa" title="Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Julgeoleku-_ja_Koost%C3%B6%C3%B6organisatsioon" title="Euroopa Julgeoleku- ja Koostööorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Julgeoleku- ja Koostööorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%91%CF%83%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Οργανισμός για την Ασφάλεια και τη Συνεργασία στην Ευρώπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανισμός για την Ασφάλεια και τη Συνεργασία στην Ευρώπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_para_la_Seguridad_y_la_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_en_Europa" title="Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Sekureco_kaj_Kunlaboro_en_E%C5%ADropo" title="Organizaĵo pri Sekureco kaj Kunlaboro en Eŭropo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Organizaĵo pri Sekureco kaj Kunlaboro en Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europako_Segurtasun_eta_Lankidetzako_Antolakundea" title="Europako Segurtasun eta Lankidetzako Antolakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Europako Segurtasun eta Lankidetzako Antolakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="سازمان امنیت و همکاری اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان امنیت و همکاری اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_pour_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_et_la_coop%C3%A9ration_en_Europe" title="Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_para_a_Seguridade_e_a_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_en_Europa" title="Organización para a Seguridade e a Cooperación en Europa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organización para a Seguridade e a Cooperación en Europa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%95%88%EB%B3%B4_%ED%98%91%EB%A0%A5_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="유럽 안보 협력 기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽 안보 협력 기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եվրոպայի անվտանգության և համագործակցության կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպայի անվտանգության և համագործակցության կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacija_za_europsku_sigurnost_i_suradnju" title="Organizacija za europsku sigurnost i suradnju – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Organizacija za europsku sigurnost i suradnju" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizuro_por_Sekureso_e_Kunlaboro_en_Europa" title="Organizuro por Sekureso e Kunlaboro en Europa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Organizuro por Sekureso e Kunlaboro en Europa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_untuk_Keamanan_dan_Kerja_Sama_di_Eropa" title="Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ryggis-_og_samvinnustofnun_Evr%C3%B3pu" title="Öryggis- og samvinnustofnun Evrópu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Öryggis- og samvinnustofnun Evrópu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_per_la_sicurezza_e_la_cooperazione_in_Europa" title="Organizzazione per la sicurezza e la cooperazione in Europa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organizzazione per la sicurezza e la cooperazione in Europa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="הארגון לביטחון ולשיתוף פעולה באירופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארגון לביטחון ולשיתוף פעולה באירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ევროპის უშიშროებისა და თანამშრომლობის ორგანიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროპის უშიშროებისა და თანამშრომლობის ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Еуропадағы қауіпсіздік және ынтымақтастық ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуропадағы қауіпсіздік және ынтымақтастық ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83_(%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%9A%D0%A3)" title="Европадагы Коопсуздук жана Кызматташтык Уюму (ЕККУ) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Европадагы Коопсуздук жана Кызматташтык Уюму (ЕККУ)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizatio_securitati_cooperationique_in_Europa_favendis" title="Organizatio securitati cooperationique in Europa favendis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Organizatio securitati cooperationique in Europa favendis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiropas_Dro%C5%A1%C4%ABbas_un_sadarb%C4%ABbas_organiz%C4%81cija" title="Eiropas Drošības un sadarbības organizācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiropas Drošības un sadarbības organizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_saugumo_ir_bendradarbiavimo_organizacija" title="Europos saugumo ir bendradarbiavimo organizacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos saugumo ir bendradarbiavimo organizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pai_Biztons%C3%A1gi_%C3%A9s_Egy%C3%BCttm%C5%B1k%C3%B6d%C3%A9si_Szervezet" title="Európai Biztonsági és Együttműködési Szervezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Európai Biztonsági és Együttműködési Szervezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Организација за безбедност и соработка на Европа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Организација за безбедност и соработка на Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikambanana_ho_an%27_ny_Fiarovana_sy_ny_Fiaraha-Miasa_ao_Eor%C3%B4pa" title="Fikambanana ho an' ny Fiarovana sy ny Fiaraha-Miasa ao Eorôpa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fikambanana ho an' ny Fiarovana sy ny Fiaraha-Miasa ao Eorôpa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ევროპაშ უშქურანჯალაშ დო წოროხანდაშ ორგანიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ევროპაშ უშქურანჯალაშ დო წოროხანდაშ ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_untuk_Keselamatan_dan_Kerjasama_di_Eropah" title="Pertubuhan untuk Keselamatan dan Kerjasama di Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan untuk Keselamatan dan Kerjasama di Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourganiza%C3%A7on_para_la_Siguran%C3%A7a_i_Copera%C3%A7on_na_Ouropa" title="Ourganizaçon para la Sigurança i Coperaçon na Ouropa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ourganizaçon para la Sigurança i Coperaçon na Ouropa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Европын Аюулгүй Байдал Хамтын Ажиллагааны Байгууллага – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Европын Аюулгүй Байдал Хамтын Ажиллагааны Байгууллага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisatie_voor_Veiligheid_en_Samenwerking_in_Europa" title="Organisatie voor Veiligheid en Samenwerking in Europa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organisatie voor Veiligheid en Samenwerking in Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="欧州安全保障協力機構 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州安全保障協力機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_sikkerhet_og_samarbeid_i_Europa" title="Organisasjonen for sikkerhet og samarbeid i Europa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Organisasjonen for sikkerhet og samarbeid i Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_tryggleik_og_samarbeid_i_Europa" title="Organisasjonen for tryggleik og samarbeid i Europa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Organisasjonen for tryggleik og samarbeid i Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevropa_xavfsizlik_va_hamkorlik_tashkiloti" title="Yevropa xavfsizlik va hamkorlik tashkiloti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevropa xavfsizlik va hamkorlik tashkiloti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE_%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="یورپ وچ تنظیم برائے سلامتی تے تعاون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یورپ وچ تنظیم برائے سلامتی تے تعاون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE" title="OSCE – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="OSCE" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_i_Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82pracy_w_Europie" title="Organizacja Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Organizacja Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Seguran%C3%A7a_e_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Europa" title="Organização para a Segurança e Cooperação na Europa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização para a Segurança e Cooperação na Europa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_pentru_Securitate_%C8%99i_Cooperare_%C3%AEn_Europa" title="Organizația pentru Securitate și Cooperare în Europa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația pentru Securitate și Cooperare în Europa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisaziun_per_la_segirezza_e_la_cooperaziun_en_l%27Europa" title="Organisaziun per la segirezza e la cooperaziun en l'Europa – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Organisaziun per la segirezza e la cooperaziun en l'Europa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8E_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Орґанізація про беспечность і сполупрацю в Европі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Орґанізація про беспечность і сполупрацю в Европі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizata_p%C3%ABr_Siguri_dhe_Bashk%C3%ABpunim_n%C3%AB_Evrop%C3%AB" title="Organizata për Siguri dhe Bashkëpunim në Evropë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizata për Siguri dhe Bashkëpunim në Evropë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urganizzazzioni_p%C3%A2_sicurizza_e_la_Cuupirazzioni_nta_l%27Europa" title="Urganizzazzioni pâ sicurizza e la Cuupirazzioni nta l'Europa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Urganizzazzioni pâ sicurizza e la Cuupirazzioni nta l'Europa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_pre_bezpe%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_a_spolupr%C3%A1cu_v_Eur%C3%B3pe" title="Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacija_za_varnost_in_sodelovanje_v_Evropi" title="Organizacija za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organizacija za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ururka_Ammaanka_iyo_Iskaashiga_Yurub" title="Ururka Ammaanka iyo Iskaashiga Yurub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ururka Ammaanka iyo Iskaashiga Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%9A%D1%83" title="Организација за европску безбедност и сарадњу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Организација за европску безбедност и сарадњу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacija_za_evropsku_bezbjednost_i_saradnju" title="Organizacija za evropsku bezbjednost i saradnju – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Organizacija za evropsku bezbjednost i saradnju" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_pikeun_Kaamanan_jeung_Sabilulungan_di_%C3%89ropa" title="Organisasi pikeun Kaamanan jeung Sabilulungan di Éropa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Organisasi pikeun Kaamanan jeung Sabilulungan di Éropa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopan_turvallisuus-_ja_yhteisty%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6" title="Euroopan turvallisuus- ja yhteistyöjärjestö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroopan turvallisuus- ja yhteistyöjärjestö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisationen_f%C3%B6r_s%C3%A4kerhet_och_samarbete_i_Europa" title="Organisationen för säkerhet och samarbete i Europa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Organisationen för säkerhet och samarbete i Europa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="ஐரோப்பாவில் பாதுகாப்புக்கும் ஒத்துழைப்புக்குமான அமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐரோப்பாவில் பாதுகாப்புக்கும் ஒத்துழைப்புக்குமான அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%98%D0%A5%D0%9E" title="АИХО – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="АИХО" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="องค์การว่าด้วยความมั่นคงและความร่วมมือในยุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องค์การว่าด้วยความมั่นคงและความร่วมมือในยุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa_G%C3%BCvenlik_ve_%C4%B0%C5%9F_Birli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Avrupa Güvenlik ve İş Birliği Teşkilatı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrupa Güvenlik ve İş Birliği Teşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Організація з безпеки і співробітництва в Європі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Організація з безпеки і співробітництва в Європі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="یورپ میں تنظیم برائے سلامتی اور تعاون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یورپ میں تنظیم برائے سلامتی اور تعاون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_An_ninh_v%C3%A0_H%E1%BB%A3p_t%C3%A1c_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Tổ chức An ninh và Hợp tác châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức An ninh và Hợp tác châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95uruupa_Julg%C3%B5ol%C3%B5ki-_ja_Kuunt%C3%BC%C3%BCorganisats%27uun" title="Õuruupa Julgõolõki- ja Kuuntüüorganisats'uun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õuruupa Julgõolõki- ja Kuuntüüorganisats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%90%AD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="欧洲安全搭合作组织 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧洲安全搭合作组织" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全合作組織 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐洲安全合作組織" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%88%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全與合作組織 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐洲安全與合作組織" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 18:25 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","wgBackendResponseTime":266,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.396","walltime":"3.205","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25619,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":533857,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":59587,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":39,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":473490,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2613.836 1 -total"," 26.52% 693.072 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.64% 382.707 91 Template:Cite_web"," 7.30% 190.862 1 Template:Infobox_geopolitical_organization"," 6.72% 175.645 84 Template:Flagcountry"," 5.49% 143.610 15 Template:Cite_news"," 4.66% 121.925 9 Template:Navbox"," 3.40% 88.955 1 Template:OSCE"," 3.27% 85.375 1 Template:Europe_topics_(small)"," 3.19% 83.273 1 Template:Hatnote_group"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.202","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12613623,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","300","22.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","180","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","10.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","4.5"],["\u003CModule:Arguments:232\u003E","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.0"],["[others]","180","13.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-vtnml","timestamp":"20241124031546","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81299","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81299","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:51:15Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T18:25:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/38\/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg","headline":"security-oriented intergovernmental organization"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>