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Magnésium — Wikipédia
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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Usages</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mécanique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mécanique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mécanique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mécanique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projet_de_batteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projet_de_batteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Projet de batteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projet_de_batteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Alliages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alimentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Alimentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources_alimentaires_de_magnésium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_alimentaires_de_magnésium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Sources alimentaires de magnésium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_alimentaires_de_magnésium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Médecine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Médecine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Médecine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Médecine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Médecine</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Médecine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compléments_alimentaires_à_base_de_magnésium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compléments_alimentaires_à_base_de_magnésium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Compléments alimentaires à base de magnésium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compléments_alimentaires_à_base_de_magnésium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synergie_des_compléments_alimentaires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synergie_des_compléments_alimentaires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Synergie des compléments alimentaires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synergie_des_compléments_alimentaires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assimilation_des_sels_de_magnésium[39],[40]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assimilation_des_sels_de_magnésium[39],[40]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Assimilation des sels de magnésium<sup><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assimilation_des_sels_de_magnésium[39],[40]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rôle_biologique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rôle_biologique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rôle biologique</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rôle_biologique-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Rôle biologique</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rôle_biologique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rôle_du_magnésium_dans_l'organisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rôle_du_magnésium_dans_l'organisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rôle du magnésium dans l'organisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rôle_du_magnésium_dans_l'organisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signes_de_carence_en_magnésium_(hypomagnésémie)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signes_de_carence_en_magnésium_(hypomagnésémie)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Signes de carence en magnésium (hypomagnésémie)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signes_de_carence_en_magnésium_(hypomagnésémie)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signes_d'hypermagnésémie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signes_d'hypermagnésémie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Signes d'hypermagnésémie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signes_d'hypermagnésémie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Végétaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Végétaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Végétaux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Végétaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gisements_et_production_du_métal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gisements_et_production_du_métal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gisements et production du métal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gisements_et_production_du_métal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Gisements et production du métal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gisements_et_production_du_métal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Procédés_thermiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procédés_thermiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Procédés thermiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procédés_thermiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procédés_électrolytiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procédés_électrolytiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Procédés électrolytiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procédés_électrolytiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnésium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 167 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">167 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8C%8D%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A5%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ማግኒዥየም – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማግኒዥየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मैग्नीशियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मैग्नीशियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="مغنيسيوم – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مغنيسيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DD%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ماݣنيزيوم – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماݣنيزيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="مغنسيوم – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مغنسيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiu" title="Magnesiu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Magnesiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="म्याग्नेजियम – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="म्याग्नेजियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqnezium" title="Maqnezium – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maqnezium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="منیزیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منیزیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Magnésium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesyo" title="Magnesyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Magnesyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Магній – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD" title="Магн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Магн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магнезий – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магнезий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मैग्नीशियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैग्नीशियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="မဲဂ္ဂနီသီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မဲဂ္ဂနီသီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ম্যাগনেসিয়াম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাগনেসিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8D" title="དཀར་གཡའ། – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དཀར་གཡའ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneziom" title="Magneziom – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Magneziom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Magnezij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magnesi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Mī (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesyo" title="Magnesyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Magnesyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="مەگنیزیۆم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەگنیزیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiu" title="Magnesiu – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magnesiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Hořčík – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hořčík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Magnez" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiwm" title="Magnesiwm – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Magnesiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%8E%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="މެގްނީޒިއަމް – maldivien" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެގްނީޒިއަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγνήσιο – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγνήσιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezio" title="Magnezio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magnezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneesium" title="Magneesium – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Magneesium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="منیزیم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منیزیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneesium" title="Magneesium – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Magneesium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Magnesi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maign%C3%A9isiam" title="Maignéisiam – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maignéisiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%82" title="鎂 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鎂" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="મેગ્નેશિયમ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેગ્નેશિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnaishum" title="Magnaishum – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Magnaishum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makanekiuma" title="Makanekiuma – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makanekiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מגנזיום – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגנזיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मैग्नीसियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैग्नीसियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magnezij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyezy%C3%B2m" title="Manyezyòm – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manyezyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9zium" title="Magnézium – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magnézium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մագնեզիում – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մագնեզիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="ЦӀокъболат – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЦӀокъболат" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezo" title="Magnezo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Magnezo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnes%C3%ADn" title="Magnesín – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Magnesín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="マグネシウム – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マグネシウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lidgusyjinme" title="lidgusyjinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lidgusyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A8siyum" title="Magnèsiyum – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Magnèsiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მაგნიუმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაგნიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B1%C9%A9z%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Mañɩzɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mañɩzɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೆಗ್ನೀಸಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಗ್ನೀಸಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%98" title="마그네슘 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마그네슘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezy%C3%BBm" title="Magnezyûm – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Magnezyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiom" title="Magnesiom – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Magnesiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnejie" title="Magnejie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Magnejie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Magnesio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manezu" title="Manezu – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Manezu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ແມກນີຊຽມ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມກນີຊຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnis" title="Magnis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Magnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnijs" title="Magnijs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Magnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Магнезь – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Магнезь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manezi%C3%B4ma" title="Maneziôma – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maneziôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konupora" title="Konupora – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konupora" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезиум – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Магнезиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="മഗ്നീഷ്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഗ്നീഷ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Магни – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Магни" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मॅग्नेशियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅग्नेशियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="မဂ္ဂနီစီယမ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဂ္ဂနီစီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="म्याग्नेसियम – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्याग्नेसियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="म्याग्नेजियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्याग्नेजियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%82ikon%C3%AD" title="Béésh łikoní – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh łikoní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A8si" title="Magnèsi – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magnèsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnii" title="Magnii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Magnii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Магни – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Магни" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਮੈਗਨੀਸ਼ੀਅਮ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਗਨੀਸ਼ੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="म्याग्नेजियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्याग्नेजियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnez" title="Magnez – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Magnez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Magnesi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="میگنیشیئم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میگنیشیئم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="مگنېزيوم – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مگنېزيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magnésio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qunta_q%27illay" title="Qunta q'illay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qunta q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magneziu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Magneziu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="मैग्नीसियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैग्नीसियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезиум – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Магнезиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A8siu" title="Magnèsiu – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Magnèsiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiu" title="Magnesiu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Magnesiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="ميگنيشيئم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميگنيشيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magnezij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="මැග්නීසියම් – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැග්නීසියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Horčík – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horčík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Magnezij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magniisiyaam" title="Magniisiyaam – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Magniisiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneziumi" title="Magneziumi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Magneziumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Магнезијум – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магнезијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Magnésium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Magnesi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்னீசியம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்னீசியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మాగ్నీషియం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాగ్నీషియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แมกนีเซียม – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมกนีเซียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnisyo" title="Magnisyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Magnisyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnezyum" title="Magnezyum – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Magnezyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магний – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Магний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ماگنىي – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماگنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Магній – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="میگنیشیم – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میگنیشیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magniy" title="Magniy – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Magniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnii" title="Magnii – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Magnii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Magnesi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneziom" title="Magneziom – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Magneziom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesyo" title="Magnesyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Magnesyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Маңһанис – kalmouk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Маңһанис" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmouk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מאגנעזיום – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאגנעזיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9s%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Magnésíọ̀mù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Magnésíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵣⵢⵓⵎ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵏⵉⵣⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="镁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%82" title="鎂 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鎂" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Magnesium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%82" title="鎂 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鎂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGethe" title="UmGethe – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmGethe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q660#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Magn%C3%A9sium" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Magn%C3%A9sium" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&oldid=220153918" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Magn%C3%A9sium&id=220153918&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMagn%25C3%25A9sium"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMagn%25C3%25A9sium"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Magn%C3%A9sium"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Magnesium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q660" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#F6CFA1;color:black;">Magnésium </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Magnesium_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Magnésium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg/220px-Magnesium_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg/330px-Magnesium_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg/440px-Magnesium_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> <br />Bloc de magnésium. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="nocellpadding" style="border-spacing:0; width:100%; background:#f9f9f9"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> ← <b>Magnésium</b> → <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium">Be</a></td><td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate; width:248px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empilement_compact_de_sph%C3%A8res_identiques" title="Empilement compact de sphères identiques"><img alt="Structure cristalline hexagonale compacte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/40px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/60px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/80px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none; text-align:center; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <br />12</td> <td style="font-size:16pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b>Mg</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: 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#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Mg</b></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">Tableau complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_%C3%A9tendu" title="Tableau périodique étendu">Tableau étendu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000">Position dans le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">tableau périodique</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Symbole_chimique" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbole chimique">Symbole</a> </th> <td>Mg </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nom_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Nom des éléments chimiques">Nom</a> </th> <td>Magnésium </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">Numéro atomique</a> </th> <td>12 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe du tableau périodique">Groupe</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique">Période</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a><sup>e</sup> période </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc du tableau périodique">Bloc</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloc_s_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc s du tableau périodique">Bloc s</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">Famille d'éléments</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métal alcalino-terreux</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration électronique</a> </th> <td>[<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon">Ne</a>] 3<a href="/wiki/Orbitale-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-s">s</a><sup>2</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">Électrons</a> par <a href="/wiki/Niveau_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Niveau d'énergie">niveau d’énergie</a> </th> <td>2, 8, 2 </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000">Propriétés atomiques de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">Masse atomique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">24,305 0</span> ± 0,000 6 <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_atomique" title="Rayon atomique">Rayon atomique</a> <small>(calc)</small> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,5 Å">150</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_covalence" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de covalence</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,41 Å">141</span> ± 7 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_van_der_Waals" title="Rayon de van der Waals">Rayon de van der Waals</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,73 Å">173</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27oxydation" title="Nombre d'oxydation">État d’oxydation</a> </th> <td>+2 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </th> <td>1,31 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Base_(chimie)" title="Base (chimie)">base</a> forte </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">Énergies d’ionisation</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="1,225 061 8E−18 J ou 737,749 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 162,2 nm">7,646 235</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="2,408 915 6E−18 J ou 1 450,682 6 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 82,5 nm">15,035 27</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="1,284 043 52E−17 J ou 7 732,689 5 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 15,5 nm">80,143 7</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="1,750 626 15E−17 J ou 10 542,515 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 11,3 nm">109,265 5</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="2,263 394 72E−17 J ou 13 630,479 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 8,8 nm">141,27</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="2,992 224 81E−17 J ou 18 019,595 9 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 6,6 nm">186,76</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="3,605 217 53E−17 J ou 21 711,123 8 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 5,5 nm">225,02</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Huitième">8<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="4,261 148 58E−17 J ou 25 661,232 2 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 4,7 nm">265,96</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="5,256 100 18E−17 J ou 31 652,969 8 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 3,8 nm">328,06</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Dixième">10<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="5,887 998 59E−17 J ou 35 458,350 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 3,4 nm">367,50</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Onzième">11<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="2,822 722 546E−16 J ou 169 988,296 3 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 0,7 nm">1 761,805</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Douzième">12<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="3,144 535 715E−16 J ou 189 368,335 1 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 0,6 nm">1 962,665 0</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_du_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Isotopes du magnésium">Isotopes les plus stables</a></th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"><table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Iso</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abondance_naturelle" title="Abondance naturelle">AN</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_radioactive" title="Période radioactive">Période</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mode_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Mode de désintégration">MD</a></th><th> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Énergie de désintégration">Ed</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Produit de désintégration">PD</a></th></tr><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th> <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></th></tr><tr><td><sup>24</sup>Mg</td><td><b><span class="nowrap"><span title="789 900 ppm">78,99</span> <span title="pourcent">%</span></span></b></td><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a> avec 12 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>25</sup>Mg</td><td><span class="nowrap"><span title="100 000 ppm">10,00</span> <span title="pourcent">%</span></span></td><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a> avec 13 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>26</sup>Mg</td><td><span class="nowrap"><span title="110 100 ppm">11,01</span> <span title="pourcent">%</span></span></td><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a> avec 14 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000">Propriétés physiques du <a href="/wiki/Corps_simple" title="Corps simple">corps simple</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(thermodynamique)" title="Phase (thermodynamique)">État ordinaire</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide">solide</a> <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tisme" title="Magnétisme">paramagnétique</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1 738 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 61,57 °Baumé">1,738</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20</span> <span title="Degré Celsius">°C</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Empilement_compact_de_sph%C3%A8res_identiques" title="Empilement compact de sphères identiques">Hexagonal compact</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Duret%C3%A9_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Dureté (matériau)">Dureté</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">Mohs</a>)</small> </th> <td>2,5 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Couleur" title="Couleur">Couleur</a> </th> <td>blanc-gris métallique </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Point de fusion</a> </th> <td><span title="1 202 °F ou 923,2 K">650 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d'ébullition">Point d’ébullition</a> </th> <td><span title="1 994 °F ou 1 363,2 K">1 090 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion" class="mw-disambig" title="Énergie de fusion">Énergie de fusion</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,092 801 694 666 318 eV ou 2 140,06 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">8,954</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_vaporisation" title="Énergie de vaporisation">Énergie de vaporisation</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,320 408 298 022 eV ou 30 449,33 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">127,40</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Volume_molaire" title="Volume molaire">Volume molaire</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">14,00</span>×10<sup class="exposant">-6</sup> <span title="mètre">m</span><sup>3</sup>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pression_de_vapeur" title="Pression de vapeur">Pression de vapeur</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,003 61 bar ou 0,003 562 792 992 844 8 atm">361</span> <span title="pascal">Pa</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vitesse_du_son" title="Vitesse du son">Vitesse du son</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="16 567,2 km·h⁻¹ ou 10 294,38 mph">4 602</span> <span title="mètre">m</span>·<span title="Seconde">s</span><sup>-1</sup></span> à <span class="nowrap"><span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20</span> <span title="Degré Celsius">°C</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique_massique" title="Capacité thermique massique">Chaleur massique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1 825</span> <span title="joule">J</span>·<span title="Kilogramme">kg</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">22,6</span>×10<sup class="exposant">6</sup> <span title="Siemens">S</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">156</span> <span title="Watt">W</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A9" title="Solubilité">Solubilité</a> </th> <td>sol. dans le <a href="/wiki/CH3OH" class="mw-redirect" title="CH3OH">CH<sub>3</sub>OH<sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <br />les acides dilués, <br />les solutions de sels d'ammoniac </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000">Divers</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> CAS</a> </th> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=7439-95-4&language=fr&title=Magnésium">7439-95-4</a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <a href="/wiki/Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_produits_chimiques" title="Agence européenne des produits chimiques"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> ECHA</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.276">100.028.276</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CE" title="Numéro CE"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> CE</a> </th> <td>231-104-6 </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000">Précautions</th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_harmonis%C3%A9_de_classification_et_d%27%C3%A9tiquetage_des_produits_chimiques" title="Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques">SGH</a><sup id="cite_ref-SGH_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGH-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SGH02 : Inflammable"><img alt="SGH02 : Inflammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br />Danger</div><span title="S'enflamme spontanément au contact de l'air">H250</span>, <span title="Dégage, au contact de l'eau, des gaz inflammables qui peuvent s'enflammer spontanément">H260</span>, <span title="Ne pas laisser au contact de l’air.">P222</span>, <span title="Éviter tout contact avec l’eau, à cause du risque de réaction violente et d’inflammation spontanée.">P223</span>, <span title="Manipuler sous gaz inerte.">P231</span>, <span title="Protéger de l’humidité.">P232</span>, <span title="En cas d’incendie :">P370</span>, <span title="Utiliser … pour l’extinction.">P378</span> et <span title="Stocker le contenu sous …">P422</span><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding : 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b>H250</b> : S'enflamme spontanément au contact de l'air<br /><b>H260</b> : Dégage, au contact de l'eau, des gaz inflammables qui peuvent s'enflammer spontanément<br /><b>P222</b> : Ne pas laisser au contact de l’air.<br /><b>P223</b> : Éviter tout contact avec l’eau, à cause du risque de réaction violente et d’inflammation spontanée.<br /><b>P231</b> : Manipuler sous gaz inerte.<br /><b>P232</b> : Protéger de l’humidité.<br /><b>P370</b> : En cas d’incendie :<br /><b>P378</b> : Utiliser … pour l’extinction.<br /><b>P422</b> : Stocker le contenu sous …<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_sur_les_mati%C3%A8res_dangereuses_utilis%C3%A9es_au_travail" title="Système d'information sur les matières dangereuses utilisées au travail">SIMDUT</a><sup id="cite_ref-Reptox_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:WHMIS_Class_B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="B4 : Solide inflammable"><img alt="B4 : Solide inflammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WHMIS_Class_B.svg/50px-WHMIS_Class_B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WHMIS_Class_B.svg/75px-WHMIS_Class_B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WHMIS_Class_B.svg/100px-WHMIS_Class_B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br /><span title="B4 : Solide inflammable">B4, </span><span title="B6 : Matière réactive inflammable">B6, </span><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b>B4</b> : Solide inflammable<br />Transport des marchandises dangereuses : classe 4.1<br /><b>B6</b> : Matière réactive inflammable<br />dégage un gaz inflammable au contact de la vapeur d'eau : hydrogène<br /><br />Divulgation à 1,0% selon les critères de classification<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px; margin: auto; display: block;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbole NFPA 704."><img alt="Symbole NFPA 704." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> </div><div style="width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 15px; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Inflammabilité1" title="NFPA 704"><span style="color: black;" title="Produit ne pouvant s'enflammer qu'après chauffage">1</span></a></div><div style="width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 33px; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Santé0" title="NFPA 704"><span style="color: black;" title="Produit non toxique, pouvant être utilisé sans précautions particulières.">0</span></a></div><div style="width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 33px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Réactivité1" title="NFPA 704"><span style="color: black;" title="Produit stable, mais pouvant devenir instable à température et pression élevées">1</span></a></div><div style="width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 52px; font-size: small;"> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#F6CFA1; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Accord_europ%C3%A9en_relatif_au_transport_international_des_marchandises_dangereuses_par_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route">Transport</a></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><table class="wikitable centre" style="width:33px margin:0px; background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><tbody><tr><td width="100%" style="background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><div style="text-align:center">-</div></td></tr><tr><td width="100%" style="background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><div style="text-align:center">   <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_num%C3%A9ros_ONU" title="Liste des numéros ONU"><span style="color: black;" title="numéro ONU">1869</span></a>   </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_ONU" title="Numéro ONU">Numéro ONU</a> :</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_num%C3%A9ros_ONU" title="Liste des numéros ONU">1869</a></b> : ALLIAGES DE MAGNÉSIUM contenant plus de 50 pour cent de magnésium, sous forme de granulés, de tournures ou de rubans ; ou MAGNÉSIUM, sous forme de granulés, de tournures ou de rubans<br /><b>Classe :</b><br />4.1<br /><b>Étiquette :</b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:ADR_4.1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="pictogramme ADR 4.1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/75px-ADR_4.1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/113px-ADR_4.1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/150px-ADR_4.1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><br /><b>4.1</b> : Matières solides inflammables, matières autoréactives, matières solides explosibles désensibilisées et matières qui polymérisent<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#F6CFA1;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><small><i>Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</i></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #F6CFA1 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89l%C3%A9ment/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>magnésium</b> est l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a> de <a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">numéro atomique</a> 12, de <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Liste des éléments chimiques">symbole</a> Mg. </p><p>Le magnésium est un <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">métal alcalino-terreux</a>. Il s’agit du neuvième élément le plus abondant de l'univers<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est le produit, dans de grandes étoiles vieillissantes, de l'addition séquentielle de trois noyaux d'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">hélium</a> à un noyau carboné<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Lorsque de telles étoiles explosent en tant que <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovas</a>, une grande partie du magnésium est expulsée dans le milieu interstellaire où il peut se recycler dans de nouveaux systèmes stellaires. Le magnésium est le huitième élément le plus abondant de la croûte terrestre<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et le quatrième élément le plus commun de la Terre (après le fer, l'oxygène et le <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a>), constituant 13 % de la masse de la planète et une grande partie du manteau de la planète. C'est le troisième élément le plus abondant dissous dans l'eau de mer, après le sodium et le chlore<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les atomes du magnésium existent dans la nature uniquement sous forme de combinaisons avec d'autres éléments, où il présente invariablement l'état d'oxydation +2. L'élément pur est produit artificiellement par <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9duction_(chimie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Réduction (chimie)">réduction</a> ou <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse" title="Électrolyse">électrolyse</a>. Il est hautement réactif en poudre et en copeaux mais, laissé à l'air libre, il se revêt rapidement d'une mince couche d'oxyde étanche réduisant sa réactivité (<a href="/wiki/Passivation" title="Passivation">passivation</a> par oxydation). Le métal pur brûle aisément sous certaines conditions (en produisant une lumière brillante, blanche, éblouissante caractéristique). En mécanique il est utilisé principalement comme composant dans les alliages d'aluminium-magnésium (parfois appelés <a href="/wiki/Magnalium" title="Magnalium">magnalium</a>). Le magnésium est moins dense que l'aluminium et l'alliage est apprécié pour sa légèreté et sa résistance plus grande (mécanique et chimique). </p><p>Le magnésium est le onzième élément le plus abondant en masse dans le corps humain. Il est essentiel à toutes les cellules et à quelque 300 enzymes, en tant que <a href="/wiki/Cofacteur_(biochimie)" title="Cofacteur (biochimie)">cofacteur</a> notamment. Les ions magnésium interagissent avec des composés polyphosphates tels que l'<a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9nosine_triphosphate" title="Adénosine triphosphate">ATP</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/ADN" class="mw-redirect" title="ADN">ADN</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/ARN" class="mw-redirect" title="ARN">ARN</a>. Les composés de magnésium sont utilisés de manière médicale en tant que laxatifs, antiacides (par exemple le lait de magnésie) et pour stabiliser l'excitation anormale des nerfs ou le spasme des vaisseaux sanguins dans des conditions telles que l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89clampsie" title="Éclampsie">éclampsie</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le nom <i>magnésium</i> provient du nom grec d'un district de <a href="/wiki/Thessalie" title="Thessalie">Thessalie</a> appelé <a href="/wiki/Nome_de_Magn%C3%A9sie" title="Nome de Magnésie">Magnésie</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>a<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette région était extrêmement riche en magnésium, et ce, sous différentes formes. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a> reconnut le magnésium comme un élément en <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> isola la forme métallique pure par électrolyse en <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a> à partir d'un mélange d’<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Oxyde de magnésium">oxyde de magnésium</a> MgO et d'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_mercure(II)" title="Oxyde de mercure(II)">oxyde de mercure</a> HgO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Isotopes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Isotopes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_du_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Isotopes du magnésium">Isotopes du magnésium</a>.</div></div> <p>Le magnésium possède <span class="nowrap">22 <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a></span> connus, avec un <a href="/wiki/Nombre_de_masse" title="Nombre de masse">nombre de masse</a> variant entre 19 et 40. Trois d'entre eux sont <a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stables</a>, <sup>24</sup>Mg, <sup>25</sup>Mg, et <sup>26</sup>Mg, et présents dans la nature dans les proportions 79/10/11, approximativement. On attribue au magnésium une <a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">masse atomique</a> standard de 24,305 0 <abbr class="abbr" title="unité de masse atomique"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique_unifi%C3%A9e" title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée">u</a></abbr>. Parmi les <span class="nowrap">19 <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" title="Radioisotope">radioisotopes</a></span> connus du magnésium, <sup>28</sup>Mg a la durée de vie la plus longue avec une <a href="/wiki/Demi-vie" title="Demi-vie">demi-vie</a> de 20,915 heures, suivi de <sup>27</sup>Mg avec une demi-vie de 9,458 <abbr class="abbr" title="minute">min</abbr>. Tous les autres isotopes ont une demi-vie inférieure à une minute, et la plupart d'entre eux inférieure à une seconde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usages">Usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Usages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Usages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le magnésium est utilisé en mécanique pour sa masse volumique faible (la plus faible des métaux structuraux) notamment dans le domaine de l’automobile où il permet de réaliser des économies de carburant supérieures de 75 % à celles que permet l’aluminium grâce à cette légèreté, mais aussi à ses bonnes propriétés mécaniques (notamment pour la réduction des vibrations). Il entraînerait également des gains environnementaux importants dans le domaine de l’aviation<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sa production et son recyclage sont par contre difficiles, énergivores et polluants (<i>voir Gisement et production du métal</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>C’est aussi un <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9actif_(chimie)" title="Réactif (chimie)">réactif</a> important en chimie, surtout employé dans les procédés de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sulfuration" title="Désulfuration">désulfuration</a>, lors de la fabrication des <a href="/wiki/Acier" title="Acier">aciers</a>, la purification des métaux (<a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">débismuthage</a>) ou la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9action_de_Grignard" title="Réaction de Grignard">réaction de Grignard</a>. Il est inflammable et servait comme <a href="/wiki/Combustible" title="Combustible">combustible</a> dans les <a href="/wiki/Flash_photographique" title="Flash photographique">flashs photographiques</a>. Pour le <a href="/wiki/Soudage" title="Soudage">soudage</a> à l'<a href="/wiki/Aluminothermie" title="Aluminothermie">aluminothermie</a>, c'est un ruban de magnésium qui sert de mèche pour enflammer le mélange de poudres hématite – aluminium. C’est un agent chimique essentiel à la vie, notamment lors de la <a href="/wiki/Photosynth%C3%A8se" title="Photosynthèse">photosynthèse</a>, dans les os et dans une multitude de processus biologiques. Ses sels ont de multiples applications (<a href="/wiki/Hydroxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Hydroxyde de magnésium">lait de magnésie</a> Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Carbonate de magnésium">carbonate de magnésium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Oxyde de magnésium">MgO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Chlorure de magnésium">MgCl<sub>2</sub></a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mécanique"><span id="M.C3.A9canique"></span>Mécanique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Mécanique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mécanique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le magnésium est l'un des métaux les plus faciles à usiner, et certains de ses alliages sont recyclables par <a href="/wiki/Laminage" title="Laminage">laminage</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Laminé, usiné ou moulé, il peut servir à fabriquer une multitude d’objets de grande consommation spécialisée (carrosserie, petites mallettes résistantes, boîtiers d'ordinateurs portables ou d'appareils photographiques haut de gamme, jumelles haut de gamme, pièces de vélo, etc.). </p><p>Le magnésium est aussi employé en <a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">alliage</a>, notamment avec l’<a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> (série 3000, 4000, 5000 et 6000), mais aussi avec le <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> et plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Terre_rare" title="Terre rare">terres rares</a> (le <a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">lanthane</a> et le <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">cérium</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un autre usage courant est la protection contre la corrosion des autres métaux immergés, principalement du fer, on parle alors d'<a href="/wiki/Anode_sacrificielle" title="Anode sacrificielle">anode sacrificielle</a> (son utilisation est courante pour la protection de coques des bateaux ou de ballons d'eau chaude). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Projet_de_batteries">Projet de batteries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Projet de batteries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Projet de batteries"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Pile_%C3%A0_combustible_magn%C3%A9sium-air" title="Pile à combustible magnésium-air">Pile à combustible magnésium-air</a>.</div></div> <p>Le caractère stable, abondant, non-toxique, non-corrosif du magnésium, qui en outre ne produit pas de dendrites comme le fait le lithium ionique des batteries au lithium rechargeables<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou2018Carbon-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> en fait un matériau attractif pour de nouvelles piles rechargeables au magnésium-soufre (Mg/S). L'<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> magnésium est testé en tant que support de charge, alors que le magnésium-métal est utilisé pour les <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anodes</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre">soufre</a> comme <a href="/wiki/Cathode" title="Cathode">cathode</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou2018Carbon-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 2019, cette technologie est encore émergente, mais porteuse d'espoir<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, notamment parce que le couple Mg/S peut fournir une <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Densité d'énergie">densité d'énergie</a> théorique de 1722 Wh/kg avec une tension d'environ 1,7 V<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou2018Carbon-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; il pourrait être une alternative économique sûre et peu coûteuse aux <a href="/wiki/Pile_lithium-ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pile lithium-ion">piles lithium-ion</a>, particulièrement pour les <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicules_%C3%A9lectriques" class="mw-redirect" title="Véhicules électriques">véhicules électriques</a> (en stockant plus d'électricité). Elles pourraient aussi bénéficier de cathodes à haute capacité, fonctionnant éventuellement sous haute tension, dont le matériau (à base de soufre, avec le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borohydrure_de_magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borohydrure de magnésium (page inexistante)">Borohydrure de magnésium</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borate_de_magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borate de magnésium (page inexistante)">borate de magnésium</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou le <a href="/wiki/Sulfure_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Sulfure de magnésium">sulfure de magnésium</a> par exemple<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) permettrait une <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Densité d'énergie">densité d'énergie</a> plus élevée qu'avec les accumulateurs lithium-ion<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La conductivité de la cathode de soufre peut être dopée par du carbone (composite cathodique semi-organique)<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou2018Carbon-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliages">Alliages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Alliages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alliages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À résistance égale, les pièces réalisées en alliages de magnésium permettent d'obtenir un important gain de poids. </p> <ul><li>Les alliages magnésium/manganèse contiennent 2 % de manganèse. Ils améliorent la résistance à la corrosion et s'utilisent en forgeage, laminage, soudage ; terminé par un recuit à <span title="752 °F ou 673,2 K">400 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. En tôles, il fait des carénages ou des réservoirs de carburant (bonne soudabilité).</li> <li>Les alliages magnésium/aluminium/zinc : 3 % à 10 % d'aluminium, 0,5 % à 3 % de zinc, 0,35 % à 0,5 % de manganèse et contiennent au moins 90 % de magnésium pur. On distingue : <ul><li>G-A9 (alliage de fonderie) ;</li> <li>G-A9Z1 (alliage de magnésium comprenant 9 % d'aluminium et 1 % de zinc) employé en fonderie ;</li> <li>G-A7Z1 (alliage de forge), les alliages de forge sont moins utilisés en aéronautique ;</li> <li>G-A9 est utilisé pour les carters moteurs, les stators compresseurs, les roues d'avion, les sièges, les boîtiers d'instruments de bord.</li></ul></li> <li>Il existe également des alliages magnésium/zinc/métaux spécifiques. <ul><li>Le <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> et le <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">cérium</a> permettent ainsi d'améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques et la résistance à chaud : <ul><li>G-TR3 Z2 Zr (2 % de zinc, 0,7 % de zirconium, 2,5 % de cérium), (TR pour métal de la famille des terres rares).</li></ul></li> <li>Le <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> améliore la résistance au fluage (utilisés comme alliages de fonderie, ils servent à fabriquer les pièces volumineuses des réacteurs : carter central, carter compresseur) : <ul><li>G-Th3 Z2 Zr (3 % de thorium, 2 % de zinc, 0,7 % de zirconium) ;</li> <li>G-Z5 Th Zr (5 % de zinc, 1,8 % de thorium, 0,7 % de zirconium).</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alimentation">Alimentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Alimentation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alimentation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Apports_journaliers_recommand%C3%A9s" title="Apports journaliers recommandés">apport quotidien recommandé</a> est estimé à 360 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr> de magnésium par jour pour les femmes et 420 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr> de magnésium par jour pour les hommes (le double pour les femmes enceintes et les sportifs) ou encore 6 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr> par kg de masse corporelle<sup id="cite_ref-revmed_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revmed-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des études épidémiologiques en Europe et en Amérique du Nord ont montré que le régime alimentaire occidental était de 30 à 50 % plus pauvre en magnésium que l'apport quotidien recommandé. Elles suggèrent que l'apport journalier a diminué au cours des 100 dernières années, passant de 500 à environ 200 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr> par jour. Cette évolution est attribuée à l'usage croissant d'engrais et à la consommation croissante de nourriture transformée<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sources_alimentaires_de_magnésium"><span id="Sources_alimentaires_de_magn.C3.A9sium"></span>Sources alimentaires de magnésium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Sources alimentaires de magnésium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sources alimentaires de magnésium"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg/220px-FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg/330px-FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg/440px-FoodSourcesOfMagnesium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Exemples de sources alimentaires de magnésium (dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre à partir du haut à gauche) : <a href="/wiki/Son_(meunerie)" title="Son (meunerie)">son</a> <a href="/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin">muffins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graine_de_citrouille" class="mw-redirect" title="Graine de citrouille">graines de citrouilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hordeum" title="Hordeum">orge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farine_de_sarrasin" title="Farine de sarrasin">farine de sarrasin</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Yaourt" title="Yaourt">yaourt</a> à la vanille faible en gras, du <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9lange_montagnard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mélange montagnard (page inexistante)">mélange montagnard</a>, des steaks de <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9tan" title="Flétan">flétan</a>, des <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbanzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbanzo (page inexistante)">garbanzos</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Haricot_de_Lima" title="Haricot de Lima">haricots de Lima</a>, des <a href="/wiki/Soja" title="Soja">sojas</a> et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinards" class="mw-redirect" title="Épinards">épinards</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Cacao" title="Cacao">cacao</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Fruits_secs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits secs">fruits secs</a>, les <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales" class="mw-redirect" title="Céréales">céréales</a> et les légumes à feuilles vertes tels que les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinards" class="mw-redirect" title="Épinards">épinards</a> sont de riches sources de magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-nih_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les boissons riches en magnésium sont le <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café">café</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9" title="Thé">thé</a> et le cacao<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La première source alimentaire de magnésium est souvent d'origine céréalière : les produits céréaliers étant présents à tous les repas, ce sont eux qui couvrent la majeure partie des besoins. Cependant, les produits à base de céréales intégrales ou de farine complète apportent de trois à cinq fois plus de magnésium que les produits raffinés (pain blanc, riz blanc poli, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) Il est donc recommandé de consommer des aliments peu transformés pour couvrir ses besoins journaliers en magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-revmed_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revmed-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Pour une portion de 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme">g</abbr>, les aliments suivants contiennent : </p> <ul><li>le <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_magn%C3%A9sium#Sous_forme_de_paillettes_:_le_nigari" title="Chlorure de magnésium">sel de Nigari</a>, un extrait naturel de sel marin :11 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Fruits_de_mer" title="Fruits de mer">fruits de mer</a> (en particulier les <a href="/wiki/Bigorneau" title="Bigorneau">bigorneaux</a>) en contiennent 410 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>, c'est sans aucun doute l'aliment le plus riche en magnésium ;</li> <li>ils sont suivis de près par la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lasse" title="Mélasse">mélasse</a> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="">197</span>  à  <span title="">242</span> <span title="milligramme">mg</span></span> ,</li> <li>le <a href="/wiki/Cacao" title="Cacao">cacao</a> : de <span class="nowrap"><span title="">150</span>  à  <span title="">400</span> <span title="milligramme">mg</span></span>,</li> <li>les céréales complètes comme le blé, l'orge ou le <a href="/wiki/Sarrasin_(c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarrasin (céréale)">sarrasin</a> qui contiennent de <span class="nowrap"><span title="">100</span>  à  <span title="">150</span> <span title="milligramme">mg</span></span> et dont les germes approchent 400 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr>, la farine de blé est à 73 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Fruit_sec" title="Fruit sec">fruits secs</a> comme les amandes : 170 mg ; les noisettes : 163 mg ; et les noix : 158 mg,</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Caroube" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroube">caroube</a> qui en contient environ 55 <abbr class="abbr" title="milligramme">mg</abbr> ,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinard" title="Épinard">épinards</a> de <span class="nowrap"><span title="">50</span>  à  <span title="">100</span> <span title="milligramme">mg</span></span>, mais qui contiennent aussi de l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_oxalique" title="Acide oxalique">acide oxalique</a> gênant leur assimilation,</li> <li>le poisson, les <a href="/wiki/Abats" class="mw-redirect" title="Abats">abats</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Blutage" title="Blutage">céréales blutées</a> qui contiennent de <span class="nowrap"><span title="">25</span>  à  <span title="">50</span> <span title="milligramme">mg</span></span> de magnésium,</li> <li>les <a href="/wiki/Eau_min%C3%A9rale_naturelle" title="Eau minérale naturelle">eaux magnésiennes</a> qui sont une source appréciable de magnésium (80 à 100 mg/litre),</li> <li>les légumes secs dont les haricots et les fèves (30 à 40 mg),</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Banane" title="Banane">banane</a> qui ne contient que 25 mg/100 g.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Médecine"><span id="M.C3.A9decine"></span>Médecine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Médecine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Médecine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le corps ne produit pas de magnésium et doit le puiser dans l'alimentation. D'après une méta-analyse dose-réponse, chaque apport supplémentaire de 100 mg/j de magnésium alimentaire est associé à une réduction de 6 % et de 5 % du risque de mortalité toutes causes confondues et de mortalité par cancer, respectivement<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Selon une <a href="/wiki/Revue_syst%C3%A9matique" title="Revue systématique">revue systématique</a> et une méta-analyse dose-réponse d'études épidémiologiques, les apports alimentaires élevés en magnésium sont associés à un risque diminué de dépression<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Des troubles peuvent être consécutifs à un manque de magnésium, notamment, spasmes musculaires, <a href="/wiki/Crampe" title="Crampe">crampes</a>, insomnie et <a href="/wiki/Ost%C3%A9oporose" title="Ostéoporose">ostéoporose</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les menstruations créent d'ailleurs un déficit en magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La supplémentation en magnésium permet de réduire le besoin d'hospitalisation chez les <a href="/wiki/Grossesse" title="Grossesse">femmes enceintes</a> ainsi que les rechutes de <a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">migraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'empoisonnement par excès de magnésium peut exister chez l'enfant et dans le cas de personnes souffrant d'<a href="/wiki/Insuffisance_r%C3%A9nale_chronique" class="mw-redirect" title="Insuffisance rénale chronique">insuffisance rénale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compléments_alimentaires_à_base_de_magnésium"><span id="Compl.C3.A9ments_alimentaires_.C3.A0_base_de_magn.C3.A9sium"></span>Compléments alimentaires à base de magnésium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Compléments alimentaires à base de magnésium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Compléments alimentaires à base de magnésium"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il existe trois grandes catégories de sels de magnésium : </p> <ul><li>les sels <b>inorganiques</b> de <b>première génération</b> (carbonates, chlorures, oxydes) : ils sont peu biodisponibles et ont un effet laxatif ;</li> <li>les sels <b>organiques</b> de <b>seconde génération</b> (gluconate, citrate, lactate, pidolate, L-aspartate) : plus <a href="/wiki/Biodisponibilit%C3%A9_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Biodisponibilité (médecine)">biodisponibles</a> et <a href="/wiki/Biomim%C3%A9tisme" title="Biomimétisme">biomimétiques</a>, ils ne présentent pas ou peu d'effets secondaires ;</li> <li>les sels organiques de <b>troisième génération</b> (chélatés : glycérophosphate, bisglycinates) : ils ne sont pas laxatifs, et hautement biodisponibles<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le glycérophosphate a l'avantage d'apporter également du phosphore, ayant des propriétés intéressantes pour le métabolisme. Il est également compatible avec les probiotiques.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synergie_des_compléments_alimentaires"><span id="Synergie_des_compl.C3.A9ments_alimentaires"></span>Synergie des compléments alimentaires</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Synergie des compléments alimentaires" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synergie des compléments alimentaires"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme tous les nutriments, le magnésium va de pair avec certains autres : par exemple, le magnésium a un effet synergique avec la <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_D" title="Vitamine D">vitamine D</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il va aider à la métabolisation de ces vitamines, et en retour, elles vont améliorer l'absorption du magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assimilation_des_sels_de_magnésium[39],[40]"><span id="Assimilation_des_sels_de_magn.C3.A9sium.5B39.5D.2C.5B40.5D"></span>Assimilation des sels de magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Assimilation des sels de magnésium[39],[40]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Assimilation des sels de magnésium[39],[40]"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable alternance center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th scope="col">Teneur en magnésium élémentaire </th> <th scope="col">Biodisponibilité </th> <th scope="col">Effets secondaires </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Placebo </th> <td>0 </td> <td>- </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Glycérophosphate </th> <td>12,4 % </td> <td>Élevée </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bisglycinate </th> <td>16 % </td> <td>Très élevée </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Citrate </th> <td>16,2 % </td> <td>Très élevée </td> <td>7 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Aspartate </th> <td>7,5 % </td> <td>Très élevée </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Chlorure </th> <td>12 % </td> <td>Élevée </td> <td>78 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gluconate </th> <td>5,4 % </td> <td>Élevée </td> <td>27 % </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pidolate </th> <td>8,7 % </td> <td>Élevée </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lactate </th> <td>12 % </td> <td>Très élevée </td> <td>32 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Carbonate </th> <td>40 % </td> <td>Faible </td> <td>40 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hydroxyde </th> <td>41,5 % </td> <td>Faible </td> <td>45 % </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Oxyde </th> <td>60,3 % </td> <td>Faible </td> <td>47 % </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rôle_biologique"><span id="R.C3.B4le_biologique"></span>Rôle biologique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Rôle biologique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Rôle biologique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le magnésium intervient dans plus de 400 réactions biochimiques. Il est notamment impliqué dans le transport osmotique du glucose, le transport insulinique du glucose et dans toutes les étapes de la production d'énergie. Mécanisme majeur d'activation biochimique, consistant à ajouter un groupe de phosphate à une protéine, le magnésium est cofacteur de la <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a>. Il est également acteur de l'<a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A9ostasie" title="Homéostasie">homéostasie</a>, mécanisme permettant la conservation d'un équilibre intérieur (cellule, rythme cardiaque, miction, digestion, température corporelle, etc.) et cofacteur indispensable de la polymérisation des acides nucléiques. </p><p>Le corps humain adulte contient environ 24 grammes (1 <a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Mole (unité)">mol</a>) de magnésium, une moitié se trouvant dans les <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">os</a> et l'autre dans les <a href="/wiki/Tissu_mou" title="Tissu mou">tissus mous</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rum" title="Sérum">sérum</a> ne contient qu'environ 0,3 % du magnésium corporel, raison pour laquelle les concentrations sériques ne sont pas utilisables pour diagnostiquer la <a href="/wiki/Carence_en_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Carence en magnésium">carence en magnésium</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le test de charge en magnésium<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, s'il ne cause pas de troubles intestinaux et si le sujet n'a pas de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9phropathie" title="Néphropathie">maladie rénale</a>, est actuellement recommandé, bien qu'il ne soit pas standardisé<sup id="cite_ref-update_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans certains cas de carence<sup id="cite_ref-update_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, la rétention de magnésium lors de la charge reflète son absorption intestinale et est considérée proportionnelle à la carence osseuse qu'elle vient combler<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les mesures du magnésium cellulaire total et ionisé sont fréquemment contradictoires<sup id="cite_ref-update_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et les mesures d'excrétion urinaire ne sont pas corrélées avec celles du test de charge, réputé plus fiable. La <a href="/wiki/Biopsie" title="Biopsie">biopsie</a> du muscle permettrait de connaître les concentrations de cet élément dans l'autre compartiment principal, mais cette procédure est rare en clinique. La recherche se tourne vers les techniques d'<a href="/wiki/Imagerie_par_r%C3%A9sonance_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Imagerie par résonance magnétique">imagerie par résonance magnétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-update_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et la découverte de marqueurs physiologiques indirects tels que la <a href="/wiki/Pompe_sodium-potassium" title="Pompe sodium-potassium">pompe sodium-potassium</a> (Na/K-ATPase), la <a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_B2" title="Thromboxane B2">thromboxane B2</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9ine_C_r%C3%A9active" title="Protéine C réactive">protéine C réactive</a>, et l'<a href="/wiki/Endoth%C3%A9line" title="Endothéline">endothéline</a>-1. Il n'existe pas actuellement de test fiable, rapide, et abordable des concentrations de magnésium dans le corps humain<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rôle_du_magnésium_dans_l'organisme"><span id="R.C3.B4le_du_magn.C3.A9sium_dans_l.27organisme"></span>Rôle du magnésium dans l'organisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Rôle du magnésium dans l'organisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Rôle du magnésium dans l'organisme"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>formation des os et des dents, avec le calcium et le phosphore<sup id="cite_ref-revmed_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revmed-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>fixation du calcium sur l'os</li> <li>action sur la croissance</li> <li>transmission de l'influx nerveux</li> <li>plasticité cérébrale et limitation du déclin de la mémoire<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>contraction musculaire, rythme cardiaque</li> <li>contribution aux mécanismes de défense immunitaire</li> <li>effet sédatif (relaxant musculaire)</li> <li>à forte concentration, lutte contre la constipation par action osmotique et stimulation motrice locale</li> <li>lutte contre la <a href="/wiki/Lithiase" title="Lithiase">lithiase</a> oxalo-calcique</li> <li>anti-allergique</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatoire" title="Anti-inflammatoire">anti-inflammatoire</a></li> <li>anti-agrégant plaquettaire (rôle protecteur contre les <a href="/wiki/Thrombose" title="Thrombose">thromboses</a>)</li> <li>catalyseur de nombreuses réactions métaboliques (catalyse enzymatique, synthèses glycogénique et protéique, transfert du phosphate, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>).</li> <li>lutte (légère) contre l'insomnie<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>essentiel au développement et à la prolifération des <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte_T" title="Lymphocyte T">lymphocytes T</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>fort effet vasodilatateur et bronchodilatateur</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signes_de_carence_en_magnésium_(hypomagnésémie)"><span id="Signes_de_carence_en_magn.C3.A9sium_.28hypomagn.C3.A9s.C3.A9mie.29"></span>Signes de carence en magnésium (hypomagnésémie)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Signes de carence en magnésium (hypomagnésémie)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signes de carence en magnésium (hypomagnésémie)"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Carence_en_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Carence en magnésium">Carence en magnésium</a>.</div></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9ficit_en_magn%C3%A9sium" class="mw-redirect" title="Déficit en magnésium">déficit en magnésium</a> serait un facteur important dans les troubles suivants<sup id="cite_ref-passeport_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-passeport-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>stress (psychologique, allergique, digestif, respiratoire, oxydatif, toxique, inflammatoire...)</li> <li>hyperexcitabilité neuromusculaire : crises de tétanie se caractérisant par la contracture des membres supérieurs (mains d'accoucheur) et du visage</li> <li>les manifestations chroniques sont le <a href="/wiki/Signe_de_Chvostek" title="Signe de Chvostek">signe de Chvostek</a> (= la percussion de la bouche provoque une contracture de la lèvre supérieure) et le <a href="/wiki/Signe_de_Trousseau" title="Signe de Trousseau">signe de Trousseau</a> (= un garrot au niveau du bras provoque une contracture de la main)</li> <li>troubles <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">immunologiques</a></li> <li>atteintes cardio-vasculaires et, dans les cas extrêmes, <a href="/wiki/Infarctus" title="Infarctus">infarctus</a></li> <li>fatigabilité musculaire</li> <li>troubles digestifs : diarrhées, nausées et <a href="/wiki/Anorexie" title="Anorexie">anorexie</a></li> <li>irritabilité, nervosité, insomnie</li> <li>crampes, tremblements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonie" title="Myoclonie">myoclonies</a> (= contractions musculaires brèves et involontaires, entraînant ou non un mouvement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndrome_confusionnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndrome confusionnel">syndrome confusionnel</a></li> <li>crises comitiales (= crises d'épilepsie) le plus souvent convulsives</li> <li>problèmes au cours de la gestation, pour la mère et le fœtus</li> <li>dérèglement du système thermique du corps (en plein été, on a la sensation qu'il fait terriblement froid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasmophilie" title="Spasmophilie">spasmophilie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signes_d'hypermagnésémie"><span id="Signes_d.27hypermagn.C3.A9s.C3.A9mie"></span>Signes d'hypermagnésémie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Signes d'hypermagnésémie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Signes d'hypermagnésémie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>hypotension</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradycardie" title="Bradycardie">bradycardie</a></li> <li>nausées, vomissements</li> <li>fatigabilité musculaire</li> <li>hyporéflexie ou aréflexie</li> <li>hypotonie musculaire, somnolence</li> <li>syndrome confusionnel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>, arrêt cardiaque</li></ul> <p><b>Note :</b> l'hypermagnésémie est pratiquement toujours d'origine <a href="/wiki/Iatrog%C3%A9n%C3%A8se" title="Iatrogénèse">iatrogène</a> (due à un médicament). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Végétaux"><span id="V.C3.A9g.C3.A9taux"></span>Végétaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Végétaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Végétaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le magnésium est l'un des éléments constitutifs de la <a href="/wiki/Chlorophylle" title="Chlorophylle">chlorophylle</a>, qui <a href="/wiki/Catalyse" title="Catalyse">catalyse</a> la <a href="/wiki/Photosynth%C3%A8se" title="Photosynthèse">photosynthèse</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <dl><dd>6 <a href="/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone" title="Dioxyde de carbone">CO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a> + 6 <a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a> + lumière → <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>) + 6 <a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">O<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub></a>,</dd></dl> <p>où il joue un rôle analogue à celui du fer dans l'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9moglobine" title="Hémoglobine">hémoglobine</a> du sang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gisements_et_production_du_métal"><span id="Gisements_et_production_du_m.C3.A9tal"></span>Gisements et production du métal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Gisements et production du métal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gisements et production du métal"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le magnésium constitue 2 % de la masse de la <a href="/wiki/Lithosph%C3%A8re" title="Lithosphère">lithosphère</a> et 2 à 3 % de celle de la <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_terrestre" title="Croûte terrestre">croûte</a>. Il est distribué assez uniformément, 80 minéraux étant constitués à 20 % ou plus de magnésium (<a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9site" title="Magnésite">magnésite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomite" title="Dolomite">dolomite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnallite" title="Carnallite">carnallite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brucite" title="Brucite">brucite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">apatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>). Sa teneur dans l'eau de mer est d'environ 0,13 %. </p><p>Historiquement, la Russie, les États-Unis, le Canada et la Norvège étaient les principaux producteurs de magnésium, mais de nos jours (2015) plus de 80 % du magnésium est produit en Chine<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Deux grandes familles de procédés sont employées pour produire du magnésium métallique : les procédés électrolytiques et les procédés thermiques. Les procédés thermiques se basent sur la réduction de la dolomite en présence de ferrosilicium à haute température, tandis que les procédés électrolytiques peuvent traiter des variétés beaucoup plus grandes de minerais<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procédés_thermiques"><span id="Proc.C3.A9d.C3.A9s_thermiques"></span>Procédés thermiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Procédés thermiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Procédés thermiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La réaction de réduction se fait à <span title="2 192 °F ou 1 473,2 K">1 200 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> et un vide à <span title="13,332 24 Pa" style="cursor:help">0,1</span> torr. Dans ces conditions, le magnésium se vaporise et est récolté avec une pureté de l’ordre de 99,99 %. Le silicate de calcium est revalorisé dans des enduits et des ciments pour le bâtiment. Plusieurs pays ont fait beaucoup d’effort pour perfectionner le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Pidgeon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procédé Pidgeon (page inexistante)">procédé Pidgeon</a>. Mentionnons le procédé Magnétherm de Pechiney et le procédé Bolzano qui sont beaucoup plus efficaces énergétiquement<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2(MgO\cdot CaO)+Si\;\longrightarrow \;SiO_{2},2CaO+2Mg} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2(MgO\cdot CaO)+Si\;\longrightarrow \;SiO_{2},2CaO+2Mg} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2f6d594a0aa3ec5b8d801be7b5c0267e6974c400" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:44.51ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2(MgO\cdot CaO)+Si\;\longrightarrow \;SiO_{2},2CaO+2Mg} }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procédés_électrolytiques"><span id="Proc.C3.A9d.C3.A9s_.C3.A9lectrolytiques"></span>Procédés électrolytiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifier la section : Procédés électrolytiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Procédés électrolytiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le procédé électrolytique est beaucoup moins énergivore, mais rencontre trois défis technologiques en plus de produire du magnésium à 99,8 %. Tout d’abord, le procédé se base sur la réduction du chlorure de magnésium à <span title="932 °F ou 773,2 K">500 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. À ces températures, le magnésium s’oxyde rapidement, ce qui entraîne l’utilisation de gaz de protection très polluant (<a href="/wiki/Hexafluorure_de_soufre" title="Hexafluorure de soufre">Hexafluorure de soufre</a> (GWP 23 900 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme">kg</abbr> de CO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>> éq.) ou <a href="/wiki/R134a" class="mw-redirect" title="R134a">R134a</a> (GWP 1 430 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme">kg</abbr> de CO<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>> éq.)). Ensuite, l’anode la plus employée est en carbone, ce qui entraîne la production de BPC, dioxine et furane qu’il faudra éliminer. Finalement, le chlorure de magnésium n’est pas très facile à obtenir et purifier comme le témoignent les <span class="nowrap">14 technologies</span> en concurrence. Mentionnons le procédé Dow Chemical; US magnesium <sup>llt</sup> à Great Salt Lake, Utah; Norsk Hydro et Magnola<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Réaction principale à l'anode : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Cl_{2}+2e^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Cl_{2}+2e^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2caa120c0bb8889b8578fb0226837d13807fc61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.31ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Cl^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Cl_{2}+2e^{-}} }"></span> </p><p>Réaction principale à la cathode : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg^{2+}+2e^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Mg} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg^{2+}+2e^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Mg} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d68ce6a026a61b2a3a821695f3e09e663080b78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.852ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Mg^{2+}+2e^{-}\;\longrightarrow \;Mg} }"></span> </p><p>Le magnésium étant envisagé comme un <a href="/wiki/Carburant" title="Carburant">carburant</a> solide, les recherches sur le recyclage de l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Oxyde de magnésium">oxyde de magnésium</a> par réduction à partir d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_solaire" title="Énergie solaire">énergie solaire</a> se multiplient depuis 2007 (voir <a href="/wiki/Moteur_au_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Moteur au magnésium">moteur au magnésium</a>), au même titre que celles sur la réduction d'autres <a href="/wiki/Oxyde_m%C3%A9tallique" title="Oxyde métallique">oxydes métalliques</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small lower-alpha" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le nom du <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse">manganèse</a>, un autre <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a>, dérive aussi de « <a href="/wiki/Nome_de_Magn%C3%A9sie" title="Nome de Magnésie">Magnésie</a> ».</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=23" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_1-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC Press Inc, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-dixième">90<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2804 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, Relié <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-420-09084-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-420-09084-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-420-09084-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=CRC+Press+Inc&rft.edition=90&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=2804&rft.isbn=978-1-420-09084-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beatriz_Cordero,_Verónica_Gómez,_Ana_E._Platero-Prats,_Marc_Revés,_Jorge_Echeverría,_Eduard_Cremades,_Flavia_Barragán_et_Santiago_Alvarez2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán et Santiago Alvarez</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Covalent radii revisited</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dalton Transactions</span></i>,‎ <time>2008</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">2832 - 2838</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b801115j">10.1039/b801115j</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Covalent+radii+revisited&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.aulast=Beatriz+Cordero%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica+G%C3%B3mez%2C+Ana+E.+Platero-Prats%2C+Marc+Rev%C3%A9s%2C+Jorge+Echeverr%C3%ADa%2C+Eduard+Cremades%2C+Flavia+Barrag%C3%A1n+et+Santiago+Alvarez&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=2832+-+2838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb801115j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, TF-CRC, <time>2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-septième">87<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0849304873" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0849304873"><span class="nowrap">0849304873</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10-202</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=TF-CRC&rft.edition=87&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=10-202&rft.isbn=0849304873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1986"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Metals handbook</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 10 : <span class="lang-en italique" lang="en">Materials characterization</span>, ASM International, <time>1986</time>, 1310 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-87170-007-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-87170-007-7"><span class="nowrap">0-87170-007-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 346<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metals+handbook&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=346&rft.tpages=1310&rft.isbn=0-87170-007-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGH-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-SGH_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Numéro index <span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kemi.se/klassificeringslistan/amne.cfm?id=012-001-00-3"><span title="magnésium en poudre (pyrophorique)">012-001-00-3</span></a></span></span> dans le tableau 3.1 de l'annexe VI du <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:353:0001:1355:FR:PDF">règlement CE N° 1272/2008</a> (16 décembre 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reptox-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Reptox_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reptox.csst.qc.ca/DetailSimdut.asp?no_produit=6494&langue=F">Magnésium</a> » dans la base de données de produits chimiques <i>Reptox</i> de la <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_la_sant%C3%A9_et_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_du_travail" title="Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail">CSST</a> (organisme québécois responsable de la sécurité et de la santé au travail), consulté le 25 avril 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/6949"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">MAGNESIUM</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">cameochemicals.noaa.gov</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HousecroftSharpe2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="C._E._HousecroftA._G._Sharpe2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C. E. <span class="nom_auteur">Housecroft</span> et A. G. <span class="nom_auteur">Sharpe</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Inorganic Chemistry : solutions manual</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>, <time>2008</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-13-175553-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-13-175553-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-13-175553-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3sy4ZAP4EGAC&printsec=frontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">305-306</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.edition=3&rft.stitle=solutions+manual&rft.aulast=Housecroft&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+A.+G.&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=305-306&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ash2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Russell_Ash2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Russell <span class="nom_auteur">Ash</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Top 10 of Everything 2006 : The Ultimate Book of Lists</cite>, Dk Pub, <time>2005</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7566-1321-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7566-1321-3"><span class="nowrap">0-7566-1321-3</span></a>, <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plymouthlibrary.org/faqelements.htm">lire en ligne</a> <small class="cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005083153/http://plymouthlibrary.org/faqelements.htm">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-10-05" data-sort-value="2006-10-05">5 octobre 2006</time></a>]</small></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Top+10+of+Everything+2006&rft.pub=Dk+Pub&rft.stitle=The+Ultimate+Book+of+Lists&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=0-7566-1321-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Railsback2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bruce_Railsback2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Bruce <span class="nom_auteur">Railsback</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/Fundamentals/ElementalAbundanceTableP.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Abundance and form of the most abundant elements in Earth's continental crust</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-10-20" data-sort-value="2006-10-20">20 octobre 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-31" data-sort-value="2018-03-31">31 mars 2018</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Floor2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anthoni,_J._Floor2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Anthoni, J. Floor, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The chemical composition of seawater</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">seafriends.org.nz</span></i>,‎ <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/seawater.htm#composition">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+chemical+composition+of+seawater&rft.jtitle=seafriends.org.nz&rft.aulast=Floor&rft.aufirst=Anthoni%2C+J.&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seafriends.org.nz%2Foceano%2Fseawater.htm%23composition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">"Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: magnésium", Bureau des compléments alimentaires, les Instituts nationaux de la santé, 11 février 2016. Consulté le 13 octobre 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Universalis"><span class="ouvrage" id="Encyclopædia_Universalis">Encyclopædia <span class="nom_auteur">Universalis</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/joseph-black/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">JOSEPH BLACK</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopædia Universalis</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-01" data-sort-value="2017-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 2017</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ehrenberger2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simone_Ehrenberger2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Simone Ehrenberger, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Life Cycle Assessment of Magnesium Components in Vehicle Construction</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">German Aerospace Centre e.V.</span></i>,‎ <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intlmag.org/pdfs/reports/111913_lca_report_public.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Assessment+of+Magnesium+Components+in+Vehicle+Construction&rft.jtitle=German+Aerospace+Centre+e.V.&rft.aulast=Ehrenberger&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DubreuilBushiDasTharumarajah2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alain_DubreuilLindita_BushiSujit_DasAmbalavanar_Tharumarajah2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Alain Dubreuil, Lindita Bushi, Sujit Das, Ambalavanar Tharumarajah et Gong Xianzheng, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Magnesium Front End Autoparts</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">SAE Technical Papers</span></i>,‎ <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0275">10.4271/2010-01-0275</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Comparative+Life+Cycle+Assessment+of+Magnesium+Front+End+Autoparts&rft.jtitle=SAE+Technical+Papers&rft.aulast=Dubreuil&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.au=Lindita+Bushi&rft.au=Sujit+Das&rft.au=Ambalavanar+Tharumarajah&rft.au=Gong+Xianzheng&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4271%2F2010-01-0275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Magnesium_Association2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="International_Magnesium_Association2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> International Magnesium Association, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Magnesium Extrusions Optimize Lightweight Strength</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mg Showcase</span></i>,‎ <time>2010</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnesium+Extrusions+Optimize+Lightweight+Strength&rft.jtitle=Mg+Showcase&rft.au=International+Magnesium+Association&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BERNARDBOUDOURESQUESALFILLEKLERSY1958"><span class="ouvrage" id="J_._BERNARDB._BOUDOURESQUESL._ALFILLER._KLERSY1958">J . BERNARD, B. BOUDOURESQUES, L. ALFILLE et R. KLERSY, <cite class="italique">Magnésium, aluminium et alliages. Emploi comme matériaux de structure</cite>, Centre d'étude nucléaire de Saclay, CEA, <time>1958</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/38/063/38063267.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magn%C3%A9sium%2C+aluminium+et+alliages.+Emploi+comme+mat%C3%A9riaux+de+structure&rft.place=Centre+d%27%C3%A9tude+nucl%C3%A9aire+de+Saclay&rft.pub=CEA&rft.aulast=BERNARD&rft.aufirst=J+.&rft.au=B.+BOUDOURESQUES&rft.au=L.+ALFILLE&rft.au=R.+KLERSY&rft.date=1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhou2018Carbon-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou2018Carbon_19-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhou, X., Tian, J., Hu, J., & Li, C. (2018) <i>High rate magnesium–sulfur battery with improved cyclability based on metal–organic framework derivative carbon host</i>. Advanced Materials, 30(7), 1704166 |<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201704166">résumé</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhao-Karger, Z., Bardaji, M. E. G., Fuhr, O., & Fichtner, M. (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/015d/3beee1fa1cd071b1f3df4cae5ebc0ae56474.pdf">A new class of non-corrosive, highly efficient electrolytes for rechargeable magnesium batteries</a>. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5(22), 10815-10820.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhao-Karger, Zhirong; Fichtner, Maximilian (September 2017). "Magnesium–sulfur battery: its beginning and recent progress". MRS Communications. 7 (4): 770–784. doi:10.1557/mrc.2017.101. ISSN 2159-6859</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Mohtadi, R., Matsui, M., Arthur, T. S., & Hwang, S. J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201204913">Magnesium borohydride: from hydrogen storage to magnesium battery</a>. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51(39), 9780-9783.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Du, A., Zhang, Z., Qu, H., Cui, Z., Qiao, L., Wang, L., ... & Xu, H. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn/bitstream/337004/9932/1/An%20efficient%20organic%20magnesium%20borate-based%20electrolyte%20with%20non-nucleophilic%20characteristics%20for%20magnesium-sulfur%20battery.pdf">An efficient organic magnesium borate-based electrolyte with non-nucleophilic characteristics for magnesium–sulfur battery</a>. Energy & Environmental Science, 10(12), 2616-2625.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhao‐Karger, Z., Zhao, X., Wang, D., Diemant, T., Behm, R. J., & Fichtner, M. (2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/43079508/Batteries_Performance_Improvement_of_Mag20160225-10676-3ytdqi.pdf">Performance Improvement of Magnesium Sulfur Batteries with Modified Non‐Nucleophilic Electrolytes</a>. Advanced Energy Materials, 5(3), 1401155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhao-Karger, Z., Liu, R., Dai, W., Li, Z., Diemant, T., Vinayan, B. P., ... & Ruben, M. (2018). <i>Toward highly reversible magnesium–sulfur batteries with efficient and practical Mg [B (hfip) 4] 2 electrolyte.</i> ACS Energy Letters, 3(8), 2005-2013 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01061">résumé</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Zhang, Z., Dong, S., Cui, Z., Du, A., Li, G., & Cui, G. (2018) <i>Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries using Conversion‐Type Cathodes: A Perspective and Minireview</i>. Small Methods, 2(10), 1800020 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smtd.201800020">résumé</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revmed-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-revmed_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-revmed_27-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-revmed_27-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">R. W. Bielinski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revmed.ch/rms/2006/RMS-74/31577">Magnésium et activité physique</a> <a href="/wiki/Revue_m%C3%A9dicale_suisse" title="Revue médicale suisse">Revue Médicale Suisse</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 74, 26 juillet 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gröber U., Schmidt J., Kisters K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586582/">Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy</a>. Nutrients. 2015;7:8199–8226. doi: 10.3390/nu7095388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nih-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-nih_29-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://http%20:%20%20//ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/magnesium/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Fiche d'information sur les compléments alimentaires : Magnésium</cite></a> », Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-02-11" data-sort-value="2016-02-11">11 février 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-13" data-sort-value="2016-10-13">13 octobre 2016</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="GropperSmithCarr2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sareen_S._GropperJack_L._SmithTimothy_P._Carr2016">Sareen S. <span class="nom_auteur">Gropper</span>, Jack L. <span class="nom_auteur">Smith</span> et Timothy P. <span class="nom_auteur">Carr</span>, <cite class="italique">Nutrition avancée et métabolisme humain</cite>, Cengage Learning, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-05" data-sort-value="2016-10-05">5 octobre 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-337-51421-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-337-51421-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-337-51421-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/%20%20livres?id=9-C5DQAAQBAJ">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nutrition+avanc%C3%A9e+et+m%C3%A9tabolisme+humain&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.aulast=Gropper&rft.aufirst=Sareen+S.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jack+L.&rft.au=Carr%2C+Timothy+P.&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.isbn=978-1-337-51421-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F++livres%3Fid%3D9-C5DQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newpharma.fr/cnt/art/16/quels-sont-les-aliments-riches-en-magnesium.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Quels sont les aliments riches en magnésium ?</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.newpharma.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-03-29" data-sort-value="2021-03-29">29 mars 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BagheriNaghshiSadeghiLarijani2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Amir_BagheriSina_NaghshiOmid_SadeghiBagher_Larijani2021">Amir <span class="nom_auteur">Bagheri</span>, Sina <span class="nom_auteur">Naghshi</span>, Omid <span class="nom_auteur">Sadeghi</span> et Bagher <span class="nom_auteur">Larijani</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Total, Dietary, and Supplemental Magnesium Intakes and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies</cite> », <i>Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 12, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-07-30" data-sort-value="2021-07-30">30 juillet 2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1196–1210</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2156-5376">2156-5376</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33684200">33684200</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8321838">8321838</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab001">10.1093/advances/nmab001</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684200">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-09" data-sort-value="2024-03-09">9 mars 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Total%2C+Dietary%2C+and+Supplemental+Magnesium+Intakes+and+Risk+of+All-Cause%2C+Cardiovascular%2C+and+Cancer+Mortality%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Dose-Response+Meta-Analysis+of+Prospective+Cohort+Studies&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Nutrition+%28Bethesda%2C+Md.%29&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Bagheri&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft.au=Naghshi%2C+Sina&rft.au=Sadeghi%2C+Omid&rft.au=Larijani%2C+Bagher&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=1196%E2%80%931210&rft.issn=2156-5376&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fadvances%2Fnmab001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33684200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HajhashemyShiraniAskari2024"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zahra_HajhashemyFatemeh_ShiraniGholamreza_Askari2024">Zahra <span class="nom_auteur">Hajhashemy</span>, Fatemeh <span class="nom_auteur">Shirani</span> et Gholamreza <span class="nom_auteur">Askari</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Dietary Magnesium Intake in Relation to Depression in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies</cite> », <i>Nutrition Reviews</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-05-29" data-sort-value="2024-05-29">29 mai 2024</time>, nuae056 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1753-4887">1753-4887</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38812090">38812090</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae056">10.1093/nutrit/nuae056</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38812090">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07-03" data-sort-value="2024-07-03">3 juillet 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dietary+Magnesium+Intake+in+Relation+to+Depression+in+Adults%3A+A+GRADE-Assessed+Systematic+Review+and+Dose-Response+Meta-analysis+of+Epidemiologic+Studies&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.aulast=Hajhashemy&rft.aufirst=Zahra&rft.au=Shirani%2C+Fatemeh&rft.au=Askari%2C+Gholamreza&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.pages=nuae056&rft.issn=1753-4887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnutrit%2Fnuae056&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38812090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Costello,_Ronald_J_Elin,_Andrea_Rosanoff,_Taylor_C._Wallace,_Fernando_Guerrero-Romero,_Adela_Hruby,_Pamela_L._Lutsey,_Forrest_H._Nielsen,_Martha_Rodriguez-Moran,_Yiqing_Song,_and_Linda_V._Van_Horn2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rebecca_B_Costello,_Ronald_J_Elin,_Andrea_Rosanoff,_Taylor_C._Wallace,_Fernando_Guerrero-Romero,_Adela_Hruby,_Pamela_L._Lutsey,_Forrest_H._Nielsen,_Martha_Rodriguez-Moran,_Yiqing_Song,_and_Linda_V._Van_Horn2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Rebecca B Costello, Ronald J Elin, Andrea Rosanoff, Taylor C. Wallace, Fernando Guerrero-Romero, Adela Hruby, Pamela L. Lutsey, Forrest H. Nielsen, Martha Rodriguez-Moran, Yiqing Song, and Linda V. Van Horn, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come.</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Adv Nutr</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr> 977-93,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-07" data-sort-value="2016-07">juillet 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.116.012765">10.3945/an.116.012765</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Perspective%3A+The+Case+for+an+Evidence-Based+Reference+Interval+for+Serum+Magnesium%3A+The+Time+Has+Come.&rft.jtitle=Adv+Nutr&rft.issue=977-93&rft.aulast=Costello%2C+Ronald+J+Elin%2C+Andrea+Rosanoff%2C+Taylor+C.+Wallace%2C+Fernando+Guerrero-Romero%2C+Adela+Hruby%2C+Pamela+L.+Lutsey%2C+Forrest+H.+Nielsen%2C+Martha+Rodriguez-Moran%2C+Yiqing+Song%2C+and+Linda+V.+Van+Horn&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+B&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fan.116.012765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1982"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Magnesium deficiency in premenstrual tension</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Magnesium-Bulletin</span></i>,‎ <time>1982</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 68 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magnesium-ges.de/jdownloads/Literatur/Abraham%20GE/abraham_1982_magnesium_deficiency_in_premenstrual_tension_460.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnesium+deficiency+in+premenstrual+tension&rft.jtitle=Magnesium-Bulletin&rft.date=1982&rft.pages=68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="VeroneseDemurtasPesolilloCelotto2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicola_VeroneseJacopo_DemurtasGabriella_PesolilloStefano_Celotto2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicola <span class="nom_auteur">Veronese</span>, Jacopo <span class="nom_auteur">Demurtas</span>, Gabriella <span class="nom_auteur">Pesolillo</span> et Stefano <span class="nom_auteur">Celotto</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Magnesium and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and intervention studies</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">European Journal of Nutrition</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 59, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-02" data-sort-value="2020-02">février 2020</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">263–272</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1436-6207">1436-6207</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1436-6215">1436-6215</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01905-w">10.1007/s00394-019-01905-w</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00394-019-01905-w">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-01" data-sort-value="2023-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2023</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnesium+and+health+outcomes%3A+an+umbrella+review+of+systematic+reviews+and+meta-analyses+of+observational+and+intervention+studies&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Veronese&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Demurtas%2C+Jacopo&rft.au=Pesolillo%2C+Gabriella&rft.au=Celotto%2C+Stefano&rft.date=2020-02&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=263%E2%80%93272&rft.issn=1436-6207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00394-019-01905-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Driessens F. C. M. ; Boltong M. G. ; Planell J. A On formulas for daily oral magnesium supplementation and some of their side effects Magnesium-Bulletin 1993, vol. 15, no1, pp. 10-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="UwitonzeRazzaque2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Marie_UwitonzeMohammed_S._Razzaque2018">Anne Marie <span class="nom_auteur">Uwitonze</span> et Mohammed S. <span class="nom_auteur">Razzaque</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function</cite> », <i>The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 118, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-01" data-sort-value="2018-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 2018</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">181–189</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1945-1997">1945-1997</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29480918">29480918</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2018.037">10.7556/jaoa.2018.037</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480918">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-08" data-sort-value="2024-03-08">8 mars 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Role+of+Magnesium+in+Vitamin+D+Activation+and+Function&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+American+Osteopathic+Association&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Uwitonze&rft.aufirst=Anne+Marie&rft.au=Razzaque%2C+Mohammed+S.&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.volume=118&rft.pages=181%E2%80%93189&rft.issn=1945-1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.037&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29480918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DaiZhuMansonSong2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Qi_DaiXiangzhu_ZhuJoAnn_E._MansonYiqing_Song2018">Qi <span class="nom_auteur">Dai</span>, Xiangzhu <span class="nom_auteur">Zhu</span>, JoAnn E. <span class="nom_auteur">Manson</span> et Yiqing <span class="nom_auteur">Song</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial</cite> », <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 108, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-12-01" data-sort-value="2018-12-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> décembre 2018</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1249–1258</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1938-3207">1938-3207</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30541089">30541089</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6693398">6693398</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy274">10.1093/ajcn/nqy274</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30541089">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-08" data-sort-value="2024-03-08">8 mars 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnesium+status+and+supplementation+influence+vitamin+D+status+and+metabolism%3A+results+from+a+randomized+trial&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Dai&rft.aufirst=Qi&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Xiangzhu&rft.au=Manson%2C+JoAnn+E.&rft.au=Song%2C+Yiqing&rft.date=2018-12-01&rft.volume=108&rft.pages=1249%E2%80%931258&rft.issn=1938-3207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2Fnqy274&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30541089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanutrition.fr/bien-dans-sa-sante/les-complements-alimentaires/les-principaux-complements-alimentaires/les-complements-correcteurs-de-l-alimentation/le-magnesium/quel-magnesium-choisir"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Quel magnésium choisir</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.lanutrition.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-08-12" data-sort-value="2022-08-12">12 août 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Driessens,_M._G._Boltong,_J._A._Planell1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="C._M._Driessens,_M._G._Boltong,_J._A._Planell1993"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C. M. Driessens, M. G. Boltong, J. A. Planell, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">On Formulas for Daily Oral Magnesium Supplementation and Some of Their Side Effects -</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Magnesium Bulletin</span></i>,‎ <time>1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 68 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magnesium-ges.de/jdownloads/Literatur/Driessens/driessens_1993_on_formulas_for_daily_oral_magnesium.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+Formulas+for+Daily+Oral+Magnesium+Supplementation+and+Some+of+Their+Side+Effects+-&rft.jtitle=Magnesium+Bulletin&rft.aulast=Driessens%2C+M.+G.+Boltong%2C+J.+A.+Planell&rft.aufirst=C.+M.&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elin1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="RJ._Elin1987">RJ. <span class="nom_auteur">Elin</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Assessment of magnesium status.</cite> », <i>Clin Chem</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 33, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 11,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1987-11" data-sort-value="1987-11">novembre 1987</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1965-70</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3315301">3315301</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+magnesium+status.&rft.jtitle=Clin+Chem&rft.issue=11&rft.aulast=Elin&rft.aufirst=RJ.&rft.date=1987-11&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=1965-70&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3315301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="GullestadMidtvedtDolvaNorseth1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="L._GullestadK._MidtvedtLO._DolvaJ._Norseth1994">L. <span class="nom_auteur">Gullestad</span>, K. <span class="nom_auteur">Midtvedt</span>, LO. <span class="nom_auteur">Dolva</span>, J. <span class="nom_auteur">Norseth</span> et J. <span class="nom_auteur">Kjekshus</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">The magnesium loading test: reference values in healthy subjects.</cite> », <i>Scand J Clin Lab Invest</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 54, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1994-02" data-sort-value="1994-02">février 1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">23-31</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171268">8171268</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+magnesium+loading+test%3A+reference+values+in+healthy+subjects.&rft.jtitle=Scand+J+Clin+Lab+Invest&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Gullestad&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Midtvedt%2C+K.&rft.au=Dolva%2C+LO.&rft.au=Norseth%2C+J.&rft.au=Kjekshus%2C+J.&rft.date=1994-02&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=23-31&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8171268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-update-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-update_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-update_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-update_44-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-update_44-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arnaud2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="MJ._Arnaud2008">MJ. <span class="nom_auteur">Arnaud</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Update on the assessment of magnesium status.</cite> », <i>Br J Nutr</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 99 Suppl 3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-06" data-sort-value="2008-06">juin 2008</time>, S24-36 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18598586">18598586</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711450800682X">10.1017/S000711450800682X</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Update+on+the+assessment+of+magnesium+status.&rft.jtitle=Br+J+Nutr&rft.aulast=Arnaud&rft.aufirst=MJ.&rft.date=2008-06&rft.volume=99+Suppl+3&rft.pages=S24-36&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000711450800682X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18598586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">W Jahnen-Dechent, M Ketteler, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ckj.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/Suppl_1/i3.full">Magnesium basics</a></i>. <i>Clinical kidney journal</i>, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Franz2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="KB._Franz2004">KB. <span class="nom_auteur">Franz</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">A functional biological marker is needed for diagnosing magnesium deficiency.</cite> », <i>J Am Coll Nutr</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 23, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-12" data-sort-value="2004-12">décembre 2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 738S-41S <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637224">15637224</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+functional+biological+marker+is+needed+for+diagnosing+magnesium+deficiency.&rft.jtitle=J+Am+Coll+Nutr&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Franz&rft.aufirst=KB.&rft.date=2004-12&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=738S-41S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15637224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sante.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2010/03/09/10095-magnesium-pour-eviter-declin-memoire"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Du magnésium pour éviter le déclin de la mémoire</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">sante.lefigaro.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-03-09" data-sort-value="2010-03-09">9 mars 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-03-29" data-sort-value="2021-03-29">29 mars 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MahPitre2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jasmine_MahTyler_Pitre2021">Jasmine <span class="nom_auteur">Mah</span> et Tyler <span class="nom_auteur">Pitre</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis</cite> », <i>BMC complementary medicine and therapies</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 21, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-17" data-sort-value="2021-04-17">17 avril 2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 125 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2662-7671">2662-7671</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33865376">33865376</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8053283">8053283</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03297-z">10.1186/s12906-021-03297-z</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33865376">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-09" data-sort-value="2024-03-09">9 mars 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oral+magnesium+supplementation+for+insomnia+in+older+adults%3A+a+Systematic+Review+%26+Meta-Analysis&rft.jtitle=BMC+complementary+medicine+and+therapies&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Mah&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rft.au=Pitre%2C+Tyler&rft.date=2021-04-17&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=125&rft.issn=2662-7671&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12906-021-03297-z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33865376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Etienne2023"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ives_Etienne2023">Ives <span class="nom_auteur">Etienne</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science-et-vie.com/corps-et-sante/magnesium-voici-pourquoi-il-est-important-pour-le-bon-fonctionnement-de-limmunite-64302.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Voici pourquoi le magnésium est important pour le bon fonctionnement de l’immunité</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Science et vie</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-05-07" data-sort-value="2023-05-07">7 mai 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-09" data-sort-value="2024-03-09">9 mars 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-passeport-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-passeport_50-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Magnésium: la fiche complète</i>, www.passeportsante.net, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Solutions/PlantesSupplements/Fiche.aspx?doc=magnesium_ps">Lire le dossier</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Friedly2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_K._W._Friedly2002">Claude K. W. <span class="nom_auteur">Friedly</span>, <cite class="italique">Chimie générale pour l'ingénieur</cite>, Lausanne/Paris, <a href="/wiki/Presses_polytechniques_et_universitaires_romandes" title="Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes">PPUR</a>, <time>2002</time>, 747 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-88074-428-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-88074-428-8"><span class="nowrap">2-88074-428-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=xprJcdHNiggC&pg=PA89&dq=compos%C3%A9+magn%C3%A9sium+loin+plus+important+chlorophylle">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 89<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+pour+l%27ing%C3%A9nieur&rft.place=Lausanne%2FParis&rft.pub=PPUR&rft.aulast=Friedly&rft.aufirst=Claude+K.+W.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=89&rft.tpages=747&rft.isbn=2-88074-428-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/extras/Donnees/metaux/mg/texmg.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Magnésium</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Société chimique de France</span>, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="07-15" data-sort-value="07-15">15 juillet</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simandl2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_J._Simandl2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> George J. Simandl, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Magnesium - Raw Materials, Metal Extraction and Economics - Global Picture</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">the Ninth Biennial SGA Meeting</span></i>,‎ <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empr.gov.bc.ca/Mining/Geoscience/IndustrialMinerals/Documents/Magnesium.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnesium+-+Raw+Materials%2C+Metal+Extraction+and+Economics+-+Global+Picture&rft.jtitle=the+Ninth+Biennial+SGA+Meeting&rft.aulast=Simandl&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ditze"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Ditze"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> André Ditze, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Recycling of Magnesium</cite>, Papierflieger Verlag - Clausthal - Zellerfeld <small style="line-height:1em;">(google book)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recycling+of+Magnesium&rft.pub=Papierflieger+Verlag+-+Clausthal+-+Zellerfeld&rft.aulast=Ditze&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BAPE1998">BAPE, <cite class="italique">Rapport d'enquète et d'audience publique 124 : Projet d’usine de production de magnésium par Métallurgie Magnola inc., à Asbestos</cite>, Québec, Gouvernement du Québec, <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/rapports/publications/bape124.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport+d%27enqu%C3%A8te+et+d%27audience+publique+124+%3A+Projet+d%E2%80%99usine+de+production+de+magn%C3%A9sium+par+M%C3%A9tallurgie+Magnola+inc.%2C+%C3%A0+Asbestos&rft.place=Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.pub=Gouvernement+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.au=BAPE&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="P.P.M.2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Duhaime,_P.Mercille,_P.Pineau,_M.2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Duhaime, P., Mercille, P. et Pineau, M., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Electrolytic process technologies for the production of primary magnesium</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 111, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-08-01" data-sort-value="2002-08-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> aout 2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mpm.2002.111.2.53">10.1179/mpm.2002.111.2.53</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electrolytic+process+technologies+for+the+production+of+primary+magnesium&rft.jtitle=Mineral+Processing+and+Extractive+Metallurgy&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=P.&rft.aufirst=Duhaime%2C&rft.au=Mercille%2C+P.&rft.au=Pineau%2C+M.&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=111&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fmpm.2002.111.2.53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMagn%C3%A9sium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promes.cnrs.fr/index.php?page=materiaux-hautes-temperatures-et-carburants-solaires">Puig Jean et Balat-Pichelin Marianne</a>, « Carbo-réduction d’oxydes métalliques par voie solaire concentrée pour la production de carburant solide », <a href="/wiki/PROMES-CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="PROMES-CNRS">PROMES-CNRS</a>, 27 mai 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf2m.conference-services.net/resources/1448/4479/pdf/JA2015_0029.pdf">lire en ligne</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=24" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/magn%C3%A9sium" class="extiw" title="wikt:magnésium">magnésium</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=25" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:25em;column-count:3;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Chlorure de magnésium">Chlorure de magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Hydroxyde de magnésium">Hydroxyde de magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-%C3%A9l%C3%A9ment" class="mw-redirect" title="Macro-élément">Macro-élément</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9si%C3%A9mie" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnésiémie">Magnésiémie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Oxyde de magnésium">Oxyde de magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partinium" title="Partinium">Partinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_%C3%A0_combustible_magn%C3%A9sium-air" title="Pile à combustible magnésium-air">Pile à combustible magnésium-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_de_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Sulfate de magnésium">Sulfate de magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teneur_en_magn%C3%A9sium_des_aliments" title="Teneur en magnésium des aliments">Tableau d'aliments riches en magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carence_en_magn%C3%A9sium" title="Carence en magnésium">Carence en magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasmophilie" title="Spasmophilie">Spasmophilie</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9sium&action=edit&section=26" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/012/data.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Technical data for Magnesium</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-04-23" data-sort-value="2016-04-23">23 avril 2016</time>)</small></span>, avec en sous-pages les données connues pour chaque isotope</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urgences-serveur.fr/intoxication-au-magnesium-mg,1494.html">L'intoxication au magnésium sur Urgences-Online</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodictable.com/Elements/012/index.html">Images de magnésium sous différentes formes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/60392.htm">Nouveau procédé pour colorer des alliages à base de magnésium</a> (Bulletin ADIT Japon / AIST - 26/08/2009)</li></ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><p><br /> </p><table style="background:none; padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="10">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"> H </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="30">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"> He </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"> Li </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"> Be </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"> B </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"> C </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"> N </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"> O </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"> F </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"> Ne </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"> Na </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Mg </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"> Al </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"> Si </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"> P </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"> S </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"> Cl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"> Ar </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"> K </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"> Ca </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"> Sc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"> Ti </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"> V </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"> Cr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"> Mn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"> Fe </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"> Co </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"> Ni </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"> Cu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"> Zn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"> Ga </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"> Ge </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"> As </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium"> Se </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome"> Br </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"> Kr </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"> Rb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"> Sr </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"> Y </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"> Zr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"> Nb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène"> Mo </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium"> Tc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium"> Ru </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"> Rh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"> Pd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent"> Ag </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"> Cd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"> In </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain"> Sn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine"> Sb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure"> Te </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode"> I </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon"> Xe </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium"> Cs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum"> Ba </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane"> La </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium"> Ce </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme"> Pr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme"> Nd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium"> Pm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"> Sm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"> Eu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"> Gd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"> Tb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"> Dy </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"> Ho </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"> Er </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"> Tm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"> Yb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium"> Lu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"> Hf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)"> Ta </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène"> W </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium"> Re </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"> Os </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"> Ir </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine"> Pt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or"> Au </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)"> Hg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"> Tl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb"> Pb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"> Bi </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"> Po </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate"> At </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"> Rn </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"> Fr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"> Ra </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"> Ac </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"> Th </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"> Pa </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"> U </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"> Np </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"> Pu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium"> Am </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"> Cm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"> Bk </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"> Cf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"> Es </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"> Fm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"> Md </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"> No </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"> Lr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"> Rf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"> Db </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"> Sg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"> Bh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"> Hs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"> Mt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"> Ds </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"> Rg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"> Cn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"> Nh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"> Fl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"> Mc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"> Lv </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"> Ts </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"> Og </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"> 119 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"> 120 </a> </td> <td>* </td> <td colspan="22">  </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>* </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"> 121 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"> 122 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"> 123 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"> 124 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"> 125 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"> 126 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"> 127 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"> 128 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"> 129 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"> 130 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"> 131 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"> 132 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"> 133 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"> 134 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"> 135 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"> 136 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"> 137 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"> 138 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"> 139 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"> 140 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"> 141 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"> 142 </a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="1" style="margin:2px auto;font-size:85%;line-heignt:normal;background:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:72px;text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition">Métaux de transition</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CCC"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pauvre" title="Métal pauvre">Métaux pauvres</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#CC9"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tallo%C3%AFde" title="Métalloïde">Métalloïdes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#A0FFA0"><a href="/wiki/Non-m%C3%A9tal" title="Non-métal">Non-métaux</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF9"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A8ne" title="Halogène">Halogènes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#C0E8FF"><a href="/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble">Gaz nobles</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F7F8FF">Éléments non classés </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background-color:#F9C"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed #AAA;background-color:#FEE"><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89lectrolyse" title="Modèle:Palette Électrolyse"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89lectrolyse&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse" title="Électrolyse">Électrolyse</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Procédés d'électrolyses</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Betts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procédé Betts (page inexistante)">Procédé Betts</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betts_electrolytic_process" class="extiw" title="en:Betts electrolytic process"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Betts electrolytic process »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Castner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procédé Castner (page inexistante)">Procédé Castner</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castner_process" class="extiw" title="en:Castner process"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Castner process »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_Castner-Kellner" title="Procédé Castner-Kellner">Procédé Castner-Kellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9_chlore-alcali" title="Procédé chlore-alcali">Procédé chlore-alcali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse_chlore-soude" title="Électrolyse chlore-soude">Électrolyse chlore-soude</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellule_de_Downs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellule de Downs (page inexistante)">Procédé Downs</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downs_cell" class="extiw" title="en:Downs cell"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Downs cell »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse_de_l%27eau" title="Électrolyse de l'eau">Électrolyse de l'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lectrowinning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Électrowinning (page inexistante)">Électrowinning</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrowinning" class="extiw" title="en:Electrowinning"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Electrowinning »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_de_l%27aluminium_par_%C3%A9lectrolyse" title="Production de l'aluminium par électrolyse">Production de l'aluminium par électrolyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrolyse_de_Kolbe" title="Électrolyse de Kolbe">Électrolyse de Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoration_%C3%A9lectrochimique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoration électrochimique">Fluoration électrochimique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Matériaux produits par électrolyse</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_de_l%27aluminium_par_%C3%A9lectrolyse" title="Production de l'aluminium par électrolyse">Aluminium</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayer_process&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayer process (page inexistante)">extraction</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_process" class="extiw" title="en:Bayer process"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Bayer process »">(en)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlore" title="Dichlore">Dichlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraction_du_cuivre#Affinage_électrométallurgique" title="Extraction du cuivre">Cuivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluor" title="Difluor">Difluor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">Dihydrogène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magnésium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyde_de_sodium" title="Hydroxyde de sodium">Hydroxyde de sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Voir aussi</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrochimie" title="Électrochimie">Électrochimie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_cracker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas cracker (page inexistante)">Gas cracker</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_cracker" class="extiw" title="en:Gas cracker"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Gas cracker »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_potentiels_standard" title="Liste de potentiels standard">Liste de potentiels standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pilation_par_haute_fr%C3%A9quence" title="Épilation par haute fréquence">Électrologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrosynth%C3%A8se" title="Électrosynthèse">Électrosynthèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectroanalyse" title="Électroanalyse">Électroanalyse</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail de la chimie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/48px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Chimie" title="Portail:Chimie">Portail de la 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