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Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حرية الأديان في اليابان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرية الأديان في اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="آزادی مذهب در ژاپن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزادی مذهب در ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जापान में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापान में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebebasan_beragama_di_Jepang" title="Kebebasan beragama di Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebebasan beragama di Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C3%A0_di_religione_in_Giappone" title="Libertà di religione in Giappone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libertà di religione in Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The Article 20 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Japanese Constitution</a> provides for <b><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the country was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_demography">Religious demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion in Japan</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">government of Japan</a> does not require religious groups to report their membership, so it was difficult to accurately determine the number of adherents to different religious groups. The <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Cultural_Affairs" title="Agency for Cultural Affairs">Agency for Cultural Affairs</a> reported in 2017 that membership claims by religious groups totaled 182 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is out of a total population of 127 million, but does not account for overlapping memberships (some families may be registered at both a Buddhist temple and a Shinto shrine), or double membership due to change of address. This number, which is nearly twice Japan's population, reflects many citizens' affiliation with <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">multiple religions</a>. For example, it is very common for Japanese to practice both <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> rites.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Agency's annual yearbook, in 2020, 88 million persons identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>, 84 million as Buddhist, 2 million as <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan" title="Christianity in Japan">Christian</a>, and over 7 million follow "other" religions,<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seicho-no-Ie" title="Seicho-no-Ie">Seicho-no-Ie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_World_Messianity" title="Church of World Messianity">Church of World Messianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PL_Kyodan" title="PL Kyodan">PL Kyodan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academics estimate that there are 230,000 <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> in Japan, 20% of whom are Japanese citizens;<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are an estimated 2–4,000 <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> in the country. </p><p>As of December 2017, under the 1951 Religious Juridical Persons Law, the Government recognized 157 schools of Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six major schools of Buddhism are <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Jōdō</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo-sh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo-shū">Jōdo-shū</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo Shinshū">Jōdo Shinshū</a> sects), <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rinzai_school" title="Rinzai school">Rinzai</a> sects), <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanto_Rokush%C5%AB" title="Nanto Rokushū">Nanto Rokushū</a>. In addition, there are a number of Buddhist lay organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a>, which reported a membership of eight million. The two main schools of Shinto are the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Shinto_Shrines" title="Association of Shinto Shrines">Association of Shinto Shrines</a> and Kyohashinto. In addition, the postwar legal changes ended the Japanese imperial regime's use of discourses of "not religion" (hishūkyō) to protect the religious privileges of state backed Shinto movements.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_of_religious_freedom">Status of religious freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status of religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_and_policy_framework">Legal and policy framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal and policy framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government respects this right in practice. At all levels, the Japanese Government seeks to protect this right in full and does not tolerate its abuse, either by governmental or private actors. </p><p>As of December 2022, 180,544 religious groups were certified by the government as religious organizations with corporate status, according to the Agency for Cultural Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government does not require religious groups to register or apply for certification; however, certified religious organizations receive tax benefits. More than 83 percent of religious groups were certified by 2016. </p><p>Japanese law states that government schools cannot give religious instructions; private schools are permitted to teach specific religions.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_subway_sarin_attack" title="Tokyo subway sarin attack">1995 sarin gas attack on Tokyo's subway system</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aum_Shinrikyo" title="Aum Shinrikyo">Aum Shinrikyo</a>, the Religious Juridical Persons Law was amended in 1996 to provide the government with the authority to supervise certified religious groups. The amended law requires certified religious organizations to disclose their assets to the government and empowers the government to investigate possible violations of regulations governing for-profit activities. Authorities have the right to suspend a religious organization's for-profit activities if they violate these regulations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_religious_conversion">Forced religious conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Forced religious conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a> cited the report by the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Without_Frontiers_International" title="Human Rights Without Frontiers International">Human Rights Without Frontiers International</a>, which is connected to <a href="/wiki/CESNUR" title="CESNUR">CESNUR</a>, in the 2011 annual International Religious Freedom Report to Japan summarized that <a href="/wiki/Deprogrammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deprogrammer">deprogrammers</a> cooperate with family members on "abductions" of members of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a> and other minority religious groups for several years. In the same report, it cited reports by other NGOs which accused the Unification Church of "exaggerating or fabricating" reports of the unethical deprogramming efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-USState2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USState2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cases">Other cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, 14 Muslims filed a lawsuit against the government, when leaked documents showed that <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department">Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a> systematically collected their personal data, religious activities and associations, allegedly because of their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-USState2011_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USState2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was dismissed in January 2014;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the court stated that the intrusive police surveillance was “necessary and inevitable” in order to protect Japan against the threat of international terrorism, although it did find that the police were negligent in protecting the information they had collected, and ordered compensation to be paid to the plaintiffs. </p><p>The conservative <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a> and later led by his grandson, former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>; the LDP has historically had links to the <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kodansha_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kodansha-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2022, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Abe was assassinated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Yamagami" title="Tetsuya Yamagami">Tetsuya Yamagami</a>, who stated that he resented the Unification Church as his mother was "forced" to make a large donation to it, which led to difficulties for his family.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced in October 2022 that the Japanese government would start an investigation into the extent of Abe's relationship with the Unification Church.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LDP also announced that they will expel any of its own members who did not break any ongoing relationships with the Unification Church.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposing <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan">Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_for_the_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party for the People">Democratic Party for the People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a> all plan to launch their own investigations into the Unification Church's political influence and connections in Japanese politics.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights in Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90138.htm">Japan: International Religious Freedom Report 2007</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121191857/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148871.htm">Japan: International Religious Freedom Report 2010</a>. <i>This article incorporates text from these sources, which are in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-US2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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href="#cite_ref-Yearbook_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/hakusho_nenjihokokusho/shukyo_nenkan/pdf/h29nenkan.pdf">"宗教年鑑平成29年版"</a> [Religious Yearbook, 2017] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>49<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Oppressor's Dilemma: How Japanese State Policy toward Religion Paved the Way for Christian Weddings." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/jrj/aop/article-1163-22118349-20210001/article-1163-22118349-20210001.xml">https://brill.com/view/journals/jrj/aop/article-1163-22118349-20210001/article-1163-22118349-20210001.xml</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USState2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USState2011_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USState2011_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2011/eap/192631.htm">"International Religious Freedom Report for 2011, Japan"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a></i>, 2012-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+for+2011%2C+Japan&rft.date=2012-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2011%2Feap%2F192631.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/2014/12/39/Asia-Pacific-Journal-Feature/4190/article.html">Asia Pacific Journal website, article dated September 28, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kodansha-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kodansha_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/97322">"【独自】安倍元首相を撃った山上徹也が供述した、宗教団体「統一教会」の名前（現代ビジネス編集部"</a>. <i>Gendai Bijinesu</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Kodansha" title="Kodansha">Kodansha</a>. 9 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Unification+Church%3A+Japan+to+investigate+religious+group+after+Abe+killing&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-63282588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220831073533/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bfb8dca4cd50160f6c93177b57e9808aa850d110"><bdi lang="ja">旧統一教会と関係絶てない議員「同じ党で活動できない」自民党・茂木幹事長</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Yahoo news Japan. 31 August 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/bfb8dca4cd50160f6c93177b57e9808aa850d110">the original</a> on 31 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E3%81%A8%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E7%B5%B6%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E5%85%9A%E3%81%A7%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%8D%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A%E3%83%BB%E8%8C%82%E6%9C%A8%E5%B9%B9%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7&rft.pub=Yahoo+news+Japan&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Farticles%2Fbfb8dca4cd50160f6c93177b57e9808aa850d110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/07/25/national/japan-politics-unification-church-links/">"Unification Church ties to Japan's lawmakers emerge as major political issue"</a>. The Japan Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unification+Church+ties+to+Japan%27s+lawmakers+emerge+as+major+political+issue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2022%2F07%2F25%2Fnational%2Fjapan-politics-unification-church-links%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Asia">Freedom of religion in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&oldid=1233296510">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan&oldid=1233296510</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_religion_by_country" title="Category:Freedom of religion by country">Freedom of religion by country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Category:Human rights in Japan">Human rights in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Japan" title="Category:Religion in 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