CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Architektura Rosji – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"82413111-48ff-41f5-b4e4-d82b2998381c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Architektura_Rosji","wgTitle":"Architektura Rosji","wgCurRevisionId":74834507,"wgRevisionId":74834507,"wgArticleId":3695133,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Uniwersalny szablon cytowania – brak strony","Szablon cytowania bez określonego trybu","Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN","Szablon cytowania używa pól opisowych","Artykuły z błędnymi numerami ISBN","Szablony cytowania – problemy – cytuj – strona główna","Artykuły z propozycjami tłumaczeń","Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony","Architektura Rosji","Kultura w Rosji","Sztuka rosyjska"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Architektura_Rosji","wgRelevantArticleId":3695133,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":74834507,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q65197983","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Architektura Rosji – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura_Rosji"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura_Rosji"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Architektura_Rosji rootpage-Architektura_Rosji skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Menu główne </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z">Strona główna</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x">Losuj artykuł</a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne">Kategorie artykułów</a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii">Najlepsze artykuły</a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ">Częste pytania (FAQ)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami">Kontakt</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki">Pierwsze kroki</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje">Portal wikipedystów</a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84">Ogłoszenia</a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady">Zasady</a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci">Pomoc</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r">Ostatnie zmiany</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"> Szukaj </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wygląd </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class="">Wspomóż Wikipedię</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Architektura+Rosji" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class="">Utwórz konto</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Architektura+Rosji" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Zaloguj się</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Narzędzia osobiste </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl">Wspomóż Wikipedię</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Architektura+Rosji" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."> Utwórz konto</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Architektura+Rosji" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"> Zaloguj się</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania">dowiedz się więcej</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y">Edycje</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n">Dyskusja</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_architektury_rosyjskiej" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_architektury_rosyjskiej"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Historia architektury rosyjskiej </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia_architektury_rosyjskiej-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Przełącz podsekcję Historia architektury rosyjskiej </button> <ul id="toc-Historia_architektury_rosyjskiej-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Prehistoria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_starożytna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_starożytna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Architektura starożytna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_starożytna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_wieków_średnich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_wieków_średnich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Architektura wieków średnich </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_wieków_średnich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architektura_bizantyjska_i_kaukaska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_bizantyjska_i_kaukaska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Architektura bizantyjska i kaukaska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_bizantyjska_i_kaukaska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_staroruska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_staroruska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Architektura staroruska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_staroruska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Szkoła_nowogrodzko-pskowska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Szkoła_nowogrodzko-pskowska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2.1 Szkoła nowogrodzko-pskowska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Szkoła_nowogrodzko-pskowska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Szkoła_włodzimiersko-suzdalska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Szkoła_włodzimiersko-suzdalska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2.2 Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Szkoła_włodzimiersko-suzdalska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Szkoły_wczesnomoskiewska_i_pozostałe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Szkoły_wczesnomoskiewska_i_pozostałe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 Szkoły wczesnomoskiewska i pozostałe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Szkoły_wczesnomoskiewska_i_pozostałe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tradycyjna_architektura_drewniana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradycyjna_architektura_drewniana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3.1 Tradycyjna architektura drewniana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradycyjna_architektura_drewniana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wpływy_Zachodu_(romanizm,_gotyk,_renesans)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wpływy_Zachodu_(romanizm,_gotyk,_renesans)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 Wpływy Zachodu (romanizm, gotyk, renesans) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wpływy_Zachodu_(romanizm,_gotyk,_renesans)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romanizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4.1 Romanizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gotyk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gotyk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4.2 Gotyk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gotyk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renesans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renesans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4.3 Renesans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renesans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przedbarokowa_architektura_islamska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przedbarokowa_architektura_islamska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.5 Przedbarokowa architektura islamska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przedbarokowa_architektura_islamska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styl_rosyjski_(XV–XVII_wiek)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styl_rosyjski_(XV–XVII_wiek)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.6 Styl rosyjski (XV–XVII wiek) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styl_rosyjski_(XV–XVII_wiek)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Późny_styl_rosyjski_(XVII–XVIII_wiek)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Późny_styl_rosyjski_(XVII–XVIII_wiek)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.7 Późny styl rosyjski (XVII–XVIII wiek) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Późny_styl_rosyjski_(XVII–XVIII_wiek)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_nowożytna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_nowożytna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Architektura nowożytna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_nowożytna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Barok </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barok_kozacki_(ukraiński)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok_kozacki_(ukraiński)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1.1 Barok kozacki (ukraiński) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok_kozacki_(ukraiński)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barok_moskiewski" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok_moskiewski"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1.2 Barok moskiewski </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok_moskiewski-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barok_syberyjski_i_inne_lokalne_formy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok_syberyjski_i_inne_lokalne_formy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1.3 Barok syberyjski i inne lokalne formy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok_syberyjski_i_inne_lokalne_formy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barok_piotrowski" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok_piotrowski"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1.4 Barok piotrowski </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok_piotrowski-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barok_jelizawetyński" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barok_jelizawetyński"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1.5 Barok jelizawetyński </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barok_jelizawetyński-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rokoko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rokoko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Rokoko </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rokoko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasycyzm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasycyzm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Klasycyzm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasycyzm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palladianizm_i_styl_Adamów" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palladianizm_i_styl_Adamów"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3.1 Palladianizm i styl Adamów </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palladianizm_i_styl_Adamów-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3.2 Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styl_neogrecki_i_zmierzch_klasycyzmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styl_neogrecki_i_zmierzch_klasycyzmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3.3 Styl neogrecki i zmierzch klasycyzmu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styl_neogrecki_i_zmierzch_klasycyzmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantyzm,_historyzm_i_eklektyzm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantyzm,_historyzm_i_eklektyzm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 Romantyzm, historyzm i eklektyzm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantyzm,_historyzm_i_eklektyzm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinoiserie_i_architektura_buddyjska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinoiserie_i_architektura_buddyjska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.1 Chinoiserie i architektura buddyjska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinoiserie_i_architektura_buddyjska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eklektyzm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eklektyzm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.2 Eklektyzm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eklektyzm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styl_bizantyjsko-rosyjski_(neorosyjski)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styl_bizantyjsko-rosyjski_(neorosyjski)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.3 Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski (neorosyjski) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styl_bizantyjsko-rosyjski_(neorosyjski)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neorosyjska_architektura_świecka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neorosyjska_architektura_świecka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.4 Neorosyjska architektura świecka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neorosyjska_architektura_świecka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neorosyjska_architektura_drewniana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neorosyjska_architektura_drewniana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.5 Neorosyjska architektura drewniana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neorosyjska_architektura_drewniana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styl_neobizantyjski" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styl_neobizantyjski"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4.6 Styl neobizantyjski </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styl_neobizantyjski-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrospektywizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospektywizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.5 Retrospektywizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospektywizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Modernizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_nouveau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_nouveau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Art nouveau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_nouveau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_nouveau_w_stylu_neorosyjskim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_nouveau_w_stylu_neorosyjskim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1.1 Art nouveau w stylu neorosyjskim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_nouveau_w_stylu_neorosyjskim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernizm_północny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernizm_północny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1.2 Modernizm północny </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernizm_północny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secesja_moskiewska_i_inne_ośrodki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secesja_moskiewska_i_inne_ośrodki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1.3 Secesja moskiewska i inne ośrodki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secesja_moskiewska_i_inne_ośrodki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nowoczesna_inżynieria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nowoczesna_inżynieria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Nowoczesna inżynieria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nowoczesna_inżynieria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awangarda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awangarda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Awangarda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awangarda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konstruktywizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstruktywizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3.1 Konstruktywizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstruktywizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suprematyzm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suprematyzm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3.2 Suprematyzm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suprematyzm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bauhaus_i_artyści_zachodni_w_Rosji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bauhaus_i_artyści_zachodni_w_Rosji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3.3 Bauhaus i artyści zachodni w Rosji </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bauhaus_i_artyści_zachodni_w_Rosji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racjonalizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racjonalizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3.4 Racjonalizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racjonalizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socrealizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socrealizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4 Socrealizm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socrealizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postkonstruktywizm_i_Art_déco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postkonstruktywizm_i_Art_déco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4.1 Postkonstruktywizm i Art déco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postkonstruktywizm_i_Art_déco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_neoklasycystyczna_i_tradycjonalistyczna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_neoklasycystyczna_i_tradycjonalistyczna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4.2 Architektura neoklasycystyczna i tradycjonalistyczna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_neoklasycystyczna_i_tradycjonalistyczna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernizm_i_brutalizm_w_2._połowie_XX_wieku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernizm_i_brutalizm_w_2._połowie_XX_wieku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.5 Modernizm i brutalizm w 2. połowie XX wieku </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernizm_i_brutalizm_w_2._połowie_XX_wieku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architektura_współczesna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_współczesna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.5.1 Architektura współczesna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_współczesna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architektura_rosyjska_za_granicą" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_rosyjska_za_granicą"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Architektura rosyjska za granicą </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architektura_rosyjska_za_granicą-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Przełącz podsekcję Architektura rosyjska za granicą </button> <ul id="toc-Architektura_rosyjska_za_granicą-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architektura_sakralna_za_granicą" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architektura_sakralna_za_granicą"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Architektura sakralna za granicą </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architektura_sakralna_za_granicą-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zbiory_sztuki_architektonicznej_w_Rosji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zbiory_sztuki_architektonicznej_w_Rosji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Zbiory sztuki architektonicznej w Rosji </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zbiory_sztuki_architektonicznej_w_Rosji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Przypisy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Bibliografia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Linki zewnętrzne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Przełącz stan spisu treści </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Architektura Rosji</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 7 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" > 7 języków </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Arquitectura de Rússia – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Architecture of Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_de_Rusia" title="Arquitectura de Rusia – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_en_Russie" title="Architecture en Russie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture en Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Arquitetura da Rússia – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquitetura da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Архитектура России – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архитектура России" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" title="Архітектура Росії – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архітектура Росії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65197983#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Architektura_Rosji" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c">Artykuł</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Architektura_Rosji" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t">Dyskusja</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >polski </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Architektura_Rosji">Czytaj</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v">Edytuj</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e">Edytuj kod źródłowy</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h">Wyświetl historię</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Narzędzia </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Architektura_Rosji">Czytaj</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v">Edytuj</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e">Edytuj kod źródłowy</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=history">Wyświetl historię</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Architektura_Rosji" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j">Linkujące</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Architektura_Rosji" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k">Zmiany w linkowanych</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u">Prześlij plik</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q">Strony specjalne</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&oldid=74834507" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony">Link do tej wersji</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony">Informacje o tej stronie</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Architektura_Rosji&id=74834507&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę">Cytowanie tego artykułu</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArchitektura_Rosji">Zobacz skrócony adres URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArchitektura_Rosji">Pobierz kod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Architektura+Rosji">Utwórz książkę</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Architektura_Rosji&action=show-download-screen">Pobierz jako PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p">Wersja do druku</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_of_Russia" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65197983" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g">Element Wikidanych</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr">Architektura Rosji – pojęcie obejmujące <a href="/wiki/Architektura" title="Architektura">działalność budowniczą</a> na terenach związanych z <a href="/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja">państwem rosyjskim</a> (w danym momencie historycznym lub obecnie), ewentualnie organizmami politycznymi państwo rosyjskie poprzedzającymi. Architektura Rosji jest częścią kultury <a href="/wiki/Rosjanie" title="Rosjanie">narodu rosyjskiego</a> i pozostałych narodów Rosji<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>. Ze względu na liczne zmiany terytorialne, <a href="/wiki/Rozbicie_dzielnicowe_Rusi" title="Rozbicie dzielnicowe Rusi">rozbicie dzielnicowe Rusi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_Socjalistycznych_Republik_Radzieckich" title="Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich">okres radziecki</a> klasyfikacja dzieł rosyjskiej sztuki jest niezwykle utrudniona. We wszystkich okresach historycznych działalność budowlana na ziemiach rosyjskich była nieprzerwana. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68840208">.mw-parser-output .template-toc-container.left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0;padding:0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0}.mw-parser-output .template-toc-container.right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;padding:0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .template-toc-container{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:719px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .template-toc-container{display:none}}</style><div class="template-toc-container right toclimit-4" style="width:auto"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> Bazę dla architektury rosyjskiej stanowi ludowe budownictwo wschodniosłowiańskie oraz <a href="/wiki/Architektura_bizanty%C5%84ska" title="Architektura bizantyńska">architektura bizantyjska</a>, wzbogacane w różnych okresach o elementy budownictwa licznych ludów Rosji, w tym <a href="/wiki/Architektura_islamu" title="Architektura islamu">architektury islamskiej</a> i buddyjskiej. Oprócz Rosjan znaczącą rolę w sztuce Rosji odgrywali architekci zagraniczni, szczególnie w okresie <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">baroku</a> i <a href="/wiki/Klasycyzm" title="Klasycyzm">klasycyzmu</a>. Architekturę, zwłaszcza dawną cechuje recepcja wpływów wielkich ośrodków artystycznych takich jak <a href="/wiki/Cesarstwo_Bizanty%C5%84skie" title="Cesarstwo Bizantyńskie">Bizancjum</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82ochy" title="Włochy">Włochy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francja</a> i <a href="/wiki/Niemcy" title="Niemcy">Niemcy</a>. Pomimo to architektura rosyjska wykształciła szereg oryginalnych kierunków, stylów, form i innowacji artystycznych. Przedbarokowa architektura rosyjska stała się rozpoznawalnym na całym świecie symbolem Rosji. W XIX wieku style klasycystyczny, neorosyjski i neobizantyjski były podnoszone do rangi oficjalnych stylów Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego. W XX wieku powstały w Rosji <a href="/wiki/Konstruktywizm_(sztuka)" title="Konstruktywizm (sztuka)">konstruktywizm</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-2">[2]</a> dokonał rewolucji w architekturze ogólnoświatowej. Inne kierunki, jak np. <a href="/wiki/Realizm_socjalistyczny" title="Realizm socjalistyczny">socrealizm</a> miały istotny wpływ na sztukę krajów <a href="/wiki/Komunizm" title="Komunizm">komunistycznych</a>. Architektura rosyjska wraz z innymi dziedzinami sztuki była rozwijana poza samą Rosją niemal na całym świecie, głównie na terenie licznych krajów Europy, na Bliskim Wschodzie, Kaukazie, w Azji Środkowej, na Dalekim Wschodzie i w obydwu Amerykach. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_architektury_rosyjskiej">Historia architektury rosyjskiej</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia architektury rosyjskiej" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia architektury rosyjskiej">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoria">Prehistoria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Prehistoria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Prehistoria">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: left; clear: left; text-align: center; margin-right: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Prehistoria</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:OV-M1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/OV-M1.jpg/220px-OV-M1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/OV-M1.jpg/330px-OV-M1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/OV-M1.jpg/440px-OV-M1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze megalitu z wyspy Wiery na jeziorze Turgojak (4 tys. lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg/220px-Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg/330px-Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg/440px-Dolmen_Russia_Kavkaz_Doguab_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Dolmen Swietłoje w Gelendżyku (Zachodni Kaukaz, 3–2 tys. lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dolmen_Zhane_(2011)_by_shakko_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/220px-Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/330px-Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/440px-Dolmen_Zhane_%282011%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Dolmen Żane w Gelendżyku (Zachodni Kaukaz, 3–2 tys. lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:SochiDolmen1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SochiDolmen1.JPG/220px-SochiDolmen1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SochiDolmen1.JPG/330px-SochiDolmen1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SochiDolmen1.JPG/440px-SochiDolmen1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>Dolmen w Soczi (Zachodni Kaukaz, 3–2 tys. lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Panorama pozostałości grodu Arkaim (3000–2000 lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja domostw w grodzie Arkaim (3000–2000 lat p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Najstarsze znane siedliska ludów pierwotnych na terenach Rosji pochodzą z <a href="/wiki/Paleolit" title="Paleolit">paleolitu</a> (jaskinie, szałasy i inne). Wyróżnia się dwa główne areały sztuki paleolitycznej na terenie Rosji: środkoworosyjski i syberyjski. Ważnymi stanowiskami paleolitycznymi są: Buriet, Afonowa Góra pod <a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarskiem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denisowa_Jaskinia" title="Denisowa Jaskinia">Denisowa Jaskinia</a> z Karamą oraz <a href="/wiki/Jaskinia_Kapowa" title="Jaskinia Kapowa">Jaskinia Kapowa</a>. Wyjątkowe znaczenie ma <a href="/wiki/Jaskinia_Ok%C5%82adnikowa" title="Jaskinia Okładnikowa">Jaskinia Okładnikowa</a>, w której odkryto najdalej położone na wschód ślady pobytu <a href="/wiki/Neandertalczyk" title="Neandertalczyk">neandertalczyka</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> oraz stanowiska Janskaja w Arktyce sprzed 32,5 tys. lat, będące najdalej wysuniętym na północ stanowiskiem paleolitycznym <a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_rozumny" title="Człowiek rozumny">Homo sapiens</a> na świecie<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>. W <a href="/wiki/Epoka_br%C4%85zu" title="Epoka brązu">epoce brązu</a> na południowym Uralu powstała tzw. „kraina grodów” (grupa Sintaszta-Pietrowka-Arkaim, 3000–1600 lat p.n.e.), wiązana na ogół z ludnością indoeuropejską i <a href="/wiki/Kultura_andronowska" title="Kultura andronowska">kulturą andronowską</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>. Z epoki brązu pochodzą także liczne megality, np. dolmeny Zachodniego Kaukazu (4–2 tys. lat p.n.e.), megality z wyspy Wiery na jeziorze Turgojak, saamskie seidy, megalityczne labirynty <a href="/wiki/Rosyjska_P%C3%B3%C5%82noc" title="Rosyjska Północ">Rosyjskiej Północy</a>. Co najmniej 3000 lat temu pojawiły się przypuszczalnie na terenie południowego Uralu pierwsze namioty, tzw. <a href="/wiki/Jurta" title="Jurta">jurty</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architektura_starożytna">Architektura starożytna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura starożytna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura starożytna">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_bospora%C5%84ska" title="Sztuka bosporańska">sztuka bosporańska</a>.</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura starożytna</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Khersones_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Khersones_3.jpg/220px-Khersones_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Khersones_3.jpg/330px-Khersones_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Khersones_3.jpg/440px-Khersones_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Teatr w <a href="/wiki/Chersonez_Taurydzki" title="Chersonez Taurydzki">Chersonezie Taurydzkim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sewastopol" title="Sewastopol">Sewastopol</a>, III–IV w.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A9%D0%95_%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%99.....jpg 2x" data-file-width="7062" data-file-height="4732" /></a><figcaption>Prytanejon (<a href="/wiki/Pantikapajon" title="Pantikapajon">Pantikapajon</a>, II w.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3105" data-file-height="3842" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kurhan_Kr%C3%B3lewski" title="Kurhan Królewski">Kurhan Królewski</a> (Kercz, IV w. p.n.e.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Skilurus_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skilurus_tomb.jpg/220px-Skilurus_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skilurus_tomb.jpg/330px-Skilurus_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Skilurus_tomb.jpg/440px-Skilurus_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mauzoleum króla Skilurosa (<a href="/wiki/Neapol_Scytyjski" title="Neapol Scytyjski">Neapol Scytyjski</a>, III w.n.e.) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_staro%C5%BCytnej_Grecji" title="Sztuka starożytnej Grecji">Sztuka starożytnej Grecji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architektura_staro%C5%BCytnego_Rzymu" title="Architektura starożytnego Rzymu">architektura starożytnego Rzymu</a>, a następnie architektura bizantyjska są związane na terenie Rosji z greckim osadnictwem na wybrzeżach czarnomorskim i azowskim. Szczególną rolę odegrała <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_bospora%C5%84ska" title="Sztuka bosporańska">sztuka Królestwa Bosporańskiego</a> rozwijająca się od <a href="/wiki/V_wiek_p.n.e." title="V wiek p.n.e.">V wieku p.n.e.</a> do <a href="/wiki/IV_wiek_p.n.e." title="IV wiek p.n.e.">IV wieku n.e.</a> na terenach obejmujących wschodnią część <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Krymski" title="Półwysep Krymski">Krymu</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Tama%C5%84ski" title="Półwysep Tamański">Półwysep Tamański</a>, obszar <a href="/wiki/Kuba%C5%84" title="Kubań">Kubania</a> i ujścia <a href="/wiki/Don" title="Don">Donu</a>, oraz sztuka Królestwa Pontyjskiego obejmująca również zachodni Kaukaz. Przodującymi ośrodkami artystycznymi były stolica europejskiego Bosporu <a href="/wiki/Pantikapajon" title="Pantikapajon">Pantikapajon</a> oraz stolica jego azjatyckiej części <a href="/wiki/Fanagoria" title="Fanagoria">Fanagoria</a>, znajdująca się po drugiej stronie <a href="/wiki/Cie%C5%9Bnina_Kercze%C5%84ska" title="Cieśnina Kerczeńska">Cieśniny Kerczeńskiej</a>. Sztukę bosporańską kształtowały wpływy kultury i <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_staro%C5%BCytnej_Grecji" title="Sztuka starożytnej Grecji">sztuki greckiej</a>, szczególnie silne w pierwszych wiekach istnienia państwa bosporańskiego (między V a <a href="/wiki/III_wiek_p.n.e." title="III wiek p.n.e.">III wiekiem p.n.e.</a>), oraz tradycje kulturowe plemion miejscowych, głównie <a href="/wiki/Scytowie" title="Scytowie">Scytów</a>, ale także <a href="/wiki/Meotowie" title="Meotowie">Meotów</a> i <a href="/wiki/Syndowie" title="Syndowie">Syndów</a>, a w późniejszym okresie także <a href="/wiki/Sarmaci" title="Sarmaci">Sarmatów</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/I_wiek" title="I wiek">I wieku n.e.</a> zaznacza się także wpływ architektury rzymskiej. Do głównych dziedzin sztuki bosporańskiej należą m.in. architektura miejska i sztuka sepulkralna (np. <a href="/wiki/Kurhan_Kr%C3%B3lewski" title="Kurhan Królewski">Kurhan Królewski</a>)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>. W schyłkowej starożytności na <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> promieniuje architektura <a href="/wiki/Sasanidzi" title="Sasanidzi">sasanidzka</a>. Z VI wieku pochodzą najstarsze zachowane fragmenty sasanidzkiego <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mur_derbencki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mur derbencki (strona nie istnieje)">muru derbenckiego</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stare_miasto_w_Derbencie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stare miasto w Derbencie (strona nie istnieje)">starego miasta</a> w <a href="/wiki/Derbent_(Rosja)" title="Derbent (Rosja)">Derbencie</a>. Fundamenty budowli derbenckich sięgają V wieku naszej ery. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architektura_wieków_średnich">Architektura wieków średnich</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura wieków średnich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura wieków średnich">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Architektura_bizantyjska_i_kaukaska">Architektura bizantyjska i kaukaska</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura bizantyjska i kaukaska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura bizantyjska i kaukaska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura bizantyjska i kaukaska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Chersonesos_columns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chersonesos_columns.jpg/220px-Chersonesos_columns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chersonesos_columns.jpg/330px-Chersonesos_columns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Chersonesos_columns.jpg/440px-Chersonesos_columns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pozostałości bazyliki w <a href="/wiki/Chersonez_Taurydzki" title="Chersonez Taurydzki">Chersonezie Taurydzkim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sewastopol" title="Sewastopol">Sewastopol</a>, VI–X wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg/220px-Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg/330px-Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg/440px-Kerch_ChurchOfStJohn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2461" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w Kerczu (717). </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Grzegorza Oświeciciela w Njugdi (VIII–XVIII wiek, Dagestan) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG/220px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG/330px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG/440px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B7._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Północna monastyru Zieleńczuckiego (X–XII wiek, Karaczajo-Czerkiesja) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg/220px-Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg/330px-Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg/440px-Central_Church_Zelenchuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5454" data-file-height="3636" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Środkowa monastyru Zieleńczuckiego (X–XII wiek, Karaczajo-Czerkiesja) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Szoaninska (X–XI wiek, Karaczajo-Czerkiesja) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG/220px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG/330px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG/440px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%28%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Sentinska (X–XI wiek, Karaczajo-Czerkiesja) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg/220px-Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg/330px-Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg/440px-Thaba-Erdy-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2863" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Tchaba-Erdy (VIII–XII wiek, Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Myat_Seli_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Myat_Seli_2.jpg/220px-Myat_Seli_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Myat_Seli_2.jpg/330px-Myat_Seli_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Myat_Seli_2.jpg/440px-Myat_Seli_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Mjat Seli na świętej górze Mjatlom (Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg/220px-Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg/330px-Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg/440px-Erzi_2016-10_1476261478.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3237" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Wieże wojenne w Erzi (XV–XVII wiek, Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg/220px-Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg/330px-Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg/440px-Ingushetia_-_Targim.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Kompleks zamkowy i cerkiew w Targim (Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vovnushki_fon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vovnushki_fon.jpg/220px-Vovnushki_fon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vovnushki_fon.jpg/330px-Vovnushki_fon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vovnushki_fon.jpg/440px-Vovnushki_fon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Wartownia w Wownuszkach (Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/220px-%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/330px-%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/440px-%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Wieże wojenne w Egikalu (Inguszetia) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Do najstarszych wschodnioeuropejskich zabytków chrześcijańskich należą cerkwie dawnych bizantyjskich eparchii krymskich: bosporańskiej, gockiej, dorosskiej, surożskiej (sugdejskiej), fullejskiej i chersońskiej. Przykładami <a href="/wiki/Architektura_bizanty%C5%84ska" title="Architektura bizantyńska">architektury bizantyjskiej</a> na <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Krymski" title="Półwysep Krymski">Krymie</a> są pozostałości bazyliki w Sewastopolu z VI wieku oraz cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w <a href="/wiki/Kercz" title="Kercz">Kerczu</a>, wzniesiona w 717 roku<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> i będąca najstarszą zachowaną świątynią chrześcijańską w <a href="/wiki/Europa_Wschodnia" title="Europa Wschodnia">Europie Wschodniej</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>. Wpływ na rozwój sztuki chrześcijańskiej na Północnym Kaukazie miały: sztuka bizantyjska, armeńska, gruzińska i staroruska. W obrębie twierdzy Naryń-Kała w Dagestanie mieszczą się pozostałości najstarszej na terenie Rosji cerkwi kopułowej z V–VI wieku<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>, wybudowanej na planie krzyża greckiego w czasach <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Muskatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Królestwo Muskatu (strona nie istnieje)">Królestwa Muskatu</a>. Wyjątkowe znaczenie mają zabytki dawnych kaukaskich eparchii prawosławnych: alańskiej, zichijskiej, fanagorskiej, nikopolskiej, tamatachrskiej i abazgijskiej. Najlepiej zachowane zostały cerkwie alańskie: Szoaninska (X wiek), trzy cerkwie monasteru Zieleńczuckiego z X–XII wieku oraz cerkiew Sentinska (X wiek) ze śladami fresków z XI wieku. Kolejną grupę stanowią budowane od VIII wieku cerkwie wajnachskie na terenach dzisiejszych: Inguszetii, Czeczenii i Dagestanu. Do najlepiej zachowanych należą cerkwie w Inguszetii, szczególnie cerkiew Tchaba-Erdy (VIII–XII wiek). Nieco gorzej zachowane są świątynie: Albi-Erdy, cerkiew Targimska, Moldz-Erdy, cerkiew w Tumgi, Doszchakle i Amgali-Erdy<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>. Cerkwie armeńskie pojawiły się Północnym Kaukazie we wczesnym średniowieczu (np. cerkiew św. Grzegorza Oświeciciela w Njugdi z VIII wieku), później na Krymie (np. cerkiew Surb-Iszan z 1358 roku) i następnie w niemal całej Rosji. Dawna, prawosławna sztuka Kaukazu, Krymu i Bałkanów miała wpływ na średniowieczną architekturę ruską oraz na powstanie stylu neobizantyjskiego w Rosji w XIX wieku<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Architektura_staroruska">Architektura staroruska</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura staroruska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura staroruska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura staroruska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg/220px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg/330px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg/440px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Plan fundamentów <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Dziesi%C4%99cinna_w_Kijowie" title="Cerkiew Dziesięcinna w Kijowie">cerkwi Dziesięcinnej w Kijowie</a> z końca X wieku (1986) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg/220px-GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg/330px-GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg/440px-GOLDEN_GATE_KIEV_UKRAINE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Ruiny <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ota_Brama_w_Kijowie" title="Złota Brama w Kijowie">Złotej Bramy w Kijowie</a> w 1880 roku. Wygląd pierwotnej budowli z lat 1019–1037 pozostaje nieznany. W 1982 roku wybudowano nową bramę nawiązującą do zachowanych ruin. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Two_Horseman_(Nestor_and_Demetrius),_c._1062_(from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev,_GTG)_by_shakko_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/220px-Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/330px-Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/440px-Two_Horseman_%28Nestor_and_Demetrius%29%2C_c._1062_%28from_S.Michael_monastery_in_Kiev%2C_GTG%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4327" data-file-height="2177" /></a><figcaption>Nestor i Demetrius, relief ze zburzonego soboru św. Michała w Kijowie (ok. 1062, <a href="/wiki/Galeria_Tretiakowska" title="Galeria Tretiakowska">Galeria Tretiakowska</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1603" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Czernihowie. Odkryte fragmenty z pierwotnym wyglądem lic budynku (około 1036–1050, górne partie, przybudówki i większa część fasady z XVIII wieku lub późniejsze). </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Maket_Sofii.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maket_Sofii.JPG/220px-Maket_Sofii.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maket_Sofii.JPG/330px-Maket_Sofii.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maket_Sofii.JPG/440px-Maket_Sofii.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Przypuszczalny pierwotny wygląd <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Kijowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie">soboru Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie</a> około 1037 roku (model) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/220px-2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/330px-2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/440px-2016R1535_-_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4767" data-file-height="7264" /></a><figcaption>Odkryta, zachowana część apsydalna pierwotnego soboru Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie (około 1037) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>Przypuszczalny pierwotny wygląd <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Zofii_w_Po%C5%82ocku" title="Sobór św. Zofii w Połocku">soboru Mądrości Bożej w Połocku</a> około 1060 roku (model) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/220px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/330px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg/440px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Nowogrodzie_Wielkim" title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim">Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim</a> (1045–1052) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/220px-%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/330px-%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/440px-%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_-_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Widok na Targ i Dwór Jarosławowy w Nowogrodzie Wielkim </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG/220px-Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG/330px-Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG/440px-Saints_Borys_and_Hlib_Cathedral._Chernihiv.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._%C5%9Bw._Borysa_i_Gleba_w_Czernihowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. św. Borysa i Gleba w Czernihowie">Sobór św. św. Borysa i Gleba w Czernihowie</a> (1097–1123, gruntownie rekonstruowany zgodnie z pierwotnym wyglądem; sklepienia i kopuła późniejsze) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_(1113)_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%281113%29_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy na Dworze Jarosławowym w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1113–1136; wygląd zewnętrzny zachowany, boczne kopuły rekonstruowane zgodnie z pierwotnym wyglądem; późniejsze przybudówki) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG/220px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG/330px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG/440px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze soboru Narodzenia Bogurodzicy monasteru św. Antoniego Rzymianina w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1117–1122; pośrodku oryginalne freski z XII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Jerzego, mistrz Piotr (<a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Nowogrodzie_Wielkim" title="Monaster św. Jerzego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim">Monaster św. Jerzego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim</a>, 1119–1130; późniejszy dach nie odpowiada pierwotnemu wyglądowi) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg/220px-%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg/330px-%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg/440px-%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Jana Chrzciciela w Pskowie (1124–1144) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_(2013-11-08)_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG/220px-Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG/330px-Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG/440px-Church_of_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_on_Gorodyanka_in_Smolensk_%282013-11-08%29_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Św. Piotra i Pawła w Smoleńsku (1146–XIII wiek; w 1963 roku rekonstruowana zgodnie z pierwotnym wyglądem) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg/220px-PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg/330px-PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg/440px-PreobrazheniaKupol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Kopuła soboru Przemienienia Pańskiego monasteru Mirożskiego w Pskowie (przed 1156 rokiem; oryginalne freski z XII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg/220px-Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg/330px-Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg/440px-Volodymyr-Volynskyi_Volynska-Cathedral_of_the_Dormition_of_the_Theotokos-nord_east_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu_Wo%C5%82y%C5%84skim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej we Włodzimierzu Wołyńskim">soboru Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej we Włodzimierzu Wołyńskim</a> z 1900 roku. Rekonstrukcja nie odpowiada obecnym założeniom o pierwotnym wyglądzie cerkwi około 1160 roku. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Świątynia Jana Ewangelisty w Smoleńsku (konstrukcja ścian z lat 1173–1180, reszta z XVIII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Motyw ozdobny zachowanego lica <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Borysa_i_Gleba_w_Grodnie" title="Cerkiew Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Grodnie">cerkwi Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Grodnie</a> (około 1180–1190) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1864_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2157" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja pierwotnego wyglądu cerkwi Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Grodnie (około 1180–1190) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Michael_smolensk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Michael_smolensk.jpg/220px-Michael_smolensk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Michael_smolensk.jpg/330px-Michael_smolensk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Michael_smolensk.jpg/440px-Michael_smolensk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Swirska cerkiew Michała Archanioła w Smoleńsku (1180–1197, górne partie późniejsze) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VITEBSK._Annunciation_(%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F)_church_(XII_century)._(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-VITEBSK._Annunciation_%28%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%29_church_%28XII_century%29._%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zwiastowania_w_Witebsku" title="Cerkiew Zwiastowania w Witebsku">cerkwi Zwiastowania w Witebsku</a> z lat 1993–1996. Odkryte zachowane ściany z 2. połowy XII wieku. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG/220px-%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG/330px-%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG/440px-%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Paraskiewy_w_Czernihowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerkiew św. Paraskiewy w Czernihowie">cerkwi św. Paraskiewy w Czernihowie</a> z lat 1962–1972. Pierwotna cerkiew wybudowana około 1200 roku została pod koniec XVII wieku przebudowana w stylu barokowym i następnie zniszczona podczas II wojny światowej. </figcaption></figure></div></div> Do lat 80. X wieku była na Rusi rozwijana wyłącznie <a href="/wiki/Architektura_drewniana" title="Architektura drewniana">architektura drewniana</a> lub z przeważającym udziałem drewna, np. niezachowane do naszych czasów świątynia <a href="/wiki/Perun" title="Perun">Peruna</a> w <a href="/wiki/Kij%C3%B3w" title="Kijów">Kijowie</a> i cerkiew Mądrości Bożej z trzynastoma kopułami w <a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3d_Wielki" title="Nowogród Wielki">Nowogrodzie Wielkim</a> (989). Oprócz budynków drewnianych z silnym wpływem budownictwa ludowego rozpoczęto w X wieku budowę pierwszych budowli kamiennych opartych na wzorach bizantyjskich, ale noszących oryginalne cechy lokalne. Cerkwie były budowane na planie krzyża greckiego i posiadały najczęściej jedną lub pięć kopuł. Większość świątyń była trój- lub pięcionawowa, czterofilarowa, rzadziej sześcio-, ośmio- lub dziesięciofilarowa. Pod wpływem wzorów bizantyjskich nastąpiło najpóźniej w XII wieku wprowadzenie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopu%C5%82a_cebulowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopuła cebulowa (strona nie istnieje)">kopuł cebulowych</a>, które w następnych wiekach zyskały na popularności i stały się symbolem architektury rosyjskiej. Najstarsze cerkwie ruskie były budowane głównie z <a href="/wiki/Plinta" title="Plinta">plinty</a>, czyli cienkich i szerokich płytek glinianych, rzadziej kamienia<a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. Do najznaczniejszych budowli sakralnych wybudowanych przez greckich mistrzów należą: niezachowana do naszych czasów <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Dziesi%C4%99cinna_w_Kijowie" title="Cerkiew Dziesięcinna w Kijowie">cerkiew Dziesięcinna w Kijowie</a> (989–996), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Nowogrodzie_Wielkim" title="Monaster św. Jerzego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim">monaster św. Jerzego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim</a> (1030), sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w <a href="/wiki/Czernih%C3%B3w" title="Czernihów">Czernihowie</a> (1036), sobór Zaśnięcia Bogurodzicy <a href="/wiki/%C5%81awra_Peczerska" title="Ławra Peczerska">Ławry Peczerskiej</a> (1051). W latach 1017–1037 greccy mistrzowie wybudowali monumentalny <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Kijowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie">sobór Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie</a>, który swym rozmachem przewyższał wszystkie budowane w tym czasie świątynie bizantyjskie. Sobór stał się wzorem dla dwóch podobnych świątyń wybudowanych już przez ruskich budowniczych – <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Zofii_w_Po%C5%82ocku" title="Sobór św. Zofii w Połocku">soboru Mądrości Bożej w Połocku</a> (1030–1060) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Nowogrodzie_Wielkim" title="Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim">soboru Mądrości Bożej</a> w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1045–1052). Ten ostatni jako jedyny został w pełni zachowany (pięcionawowy, trójabsydowy, dziesięciofilarowy)<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>. Pod koniec XII wieku pojawił się na całej Rusi nowy typ cerkwi z podwyższonymi i podpartymi łukami. Nowe rozwiązanie architektoniczne umożliwiło wprowadzenie ozdobnego, stopniowego zakończenia górnych partii świątyń i nadawało im bardziej wertykalny charakter. Do przykładów nowego typu cerkwi należą: dawny, monasterski sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego i św. Eufrozyny Połockiej w Połocku (1128–1156), cerkiew Swirska Michała Archanioła w Smoleńsku (1180–1197), cerkiew św. Paraskiewy Piątnicy w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1207) i zrekonstruowana w XX wieku cerkiew św. Paraskiewy w Czernihowie (około 1200). Do tego typu cerkwi należał także <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Bazylego_w_Owruczu" title="Sobór św. Bazylego w Owruczu">sobór św. Bazylego w Owruczu</a>, który jednak na skutek błędnych założeń przy rekonstrukcji z lat 1907–1909 został odbudowany w starszym stylu niż w rzeczywistości świątynia była. W wiekach X-XIII nastąpiła ogólna rozbudowa miast. Pierwowzorami kremli rosyjskich pełniących często rolę grodów były twierdze Północnej Rusi, np. ljubszańska (VIII wiek), izborska (IX wiek), staroładożska (koniec IX wieku), staroriazańska (XI wiek), pskowska (koniec XI wieku), koriełska i koporiejska (XIII wiek). Za pierwszy typowy kreml rosyjski uważany jest kreml twerski z końca XIII wieku. W sumie na terenie księstw ruskich i Rosji wybudowano na przestrzeni wieków ponad 70 murowanych lub drewnianych kremli, z czego 12 kremli uległo zachowaniu w znacznym stopniu, a kolejnych 14 zachowało się w niewielkim stopniu<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>. W połowie XII wieku ukształtowało się kilka odrębnych szkół architektury, <a href="/wiki/Ikonograf" title="Ikonograf">ikonograficznych</a> i malarstwa freskowego, z czego na czołowej pozycji uplasowały się szkoły włodzimiersko-suzdalska i nowogrodzko-pskowska. Szkoły te zapoczątkowały wznoszenie budowli z <a href="/wiki/Mur_ciosowy" title="Mur ciosowy">muru ciosowego</a>, harmonijnie wpisanych w krajobraz. Za materiały budowlane posłużyły: biały wapień nadwołżański, różne inne odmiany <a href="/wiki/Wapie%C5%84" title="Wapień">wapienia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piaskowiec" title="Piaskowiec">piaskowiec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(ska%C5%82a)" title="Dolomit (skała)">dolomit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trawertyn" title="Trawertyn">trawertyn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a>. Ze względu na jasne odcienie materiałów budowlanych, szkoły te określano wspólnym mianem ruskiej architektury z białego kamienia. Oprócz wyżej wymienionych istniały także szkoły smoleńsko-połocka, kijowsko-czernihowska i inne, które jednak z czasem zanikły i nie miały bezpośredniego wpływu na dalszy rozwój architektury<a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Szkoła_nowogrodzko-pskowska">Szkoła nowogrodzko-pskowska</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Szkoła nowogrodzko-pskowska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Szkoła nowogrodzko-pskowska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Szkoła nowogrodzko-pskowska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Zaśnięcia Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Starej Ładodze (1156) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG/220px-Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG/330px-Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG/440px-Fresques_de_Stara%C3%AFa_Ladoga_Ascension_IMG_1027.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Kopuła cerkwi św. Jerzego Zwycięzcy w Starej Ładodze (około 1170 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Transfiguration_in_Spas-Nereditsy_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zbawiciela_na_Neredicy" title="Cerkiew Zbawiciela na Neredicy">Cerkiew Spasa na Nieriedice</a> (Nowogród Wielki, 1198) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg/220px-Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg/330px-Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg/440px-Spaso-Preobrajensky_mon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Monasterski sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Starej Russie (po lewej) (dolne partie z 1192 roku, reszta z XV–XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_on_Peryn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption>Peryński skit Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1226) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Paraskiewy Piątnicy na Targu w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1207). Przykład cerkwi z podwyższonymi i podpartymi łukami. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nikola_usoh01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nikola_usoh01.JPG/220px-Nikola_usoh01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nikola_usoh01.JPG/330px-Nikola_usoh01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nikola_usoh01.JPG/440px-Nikola_usoh01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Mikołaja z Usochy w Pskowie (1371) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ilyina_Transfiguration_church,_Novgorod.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG/220px-Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG/330px-Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG/440px-Ilyina_Transfiguration_church%2C_Novgorod.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1374) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg/220px-Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg/330px-Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg/440px-Petra_i_pavla_kogevnikah_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2673" data-file-height="3564" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Piotra i Pawła w Kożewnikach w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1406) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG/220px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG/330px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG/440px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Świątynia Objawienia Pańskiego na Zapskowiu (1495–1496) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NV_DvoR_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NV_DvoR_27.jpg/220px-NV_DvoR_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NV_DvoR_27.jpg/330px-NV_DvoR_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NV_DvoR_27.jpg/440px-NV_DvoR_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Świętych Niewiast Niosących Wonności w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1510) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Borysa i Gleba w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1536) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F_30.04.2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej monastyru św. Ducha w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1557) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg/220px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg/330px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg/440px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Serge-de-Zalouj%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Pskov_ph_296_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Sergiusza Radoneżskiego z Załużja w Pskowie (1582–1588) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%22%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%22_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Twierdza Stara Ładoga (XII–XVIII wiek, najstarsze ślady umocnień z VIII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Twierdza izborska (XIV–XVII wiek, najstarsze ślady umocnień z końca VII wieku). </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg/220px-Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg/330px-Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg/440px-Kremlin_of_Pskov-2008-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Kreml pskowski (XIV–XVII wiek); pod murami kremla pozostałości grodu Dowmunta (XIII–XVII wiek); ślady umocnień sięgających VIII wieku </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kexholm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kexholm.jpg/220px-Kexholm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kexholm.jpg/330px-Kexholm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kexholm.jpg/440px-Kexholm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Twierdza koriełska (XIII–XVIII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg/220px-Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg/330px-Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg/440px-Koporye_fortress_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Twierdza koporiejska (XIII–XVIII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG/220px-Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG/330px-Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG/440px-Dvor_Podznoeva_ijun2010-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty Podznojewskie w Pskowie (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG/220px-PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG/330px-PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG/440px-PagankiniPalati_step30_pos8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty Poganikonowe w Pskowie (1671–1679) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg/220px-Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg/330px-Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg/440px-Pskov_Kremlin_Chambers2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption>Prikazne Komnaty w Pskowie (1692–1695) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Wzorami wyjściowymi dla szkoły nowogrodzko-pskowskiej były sobór Mądrości Bożej (1045–1052) oraz Dwór i Targ Jarosławowy w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (X–XI wiek). W odróżnieniu od świątyń włodzimiersko-suzdalskich, cerkwie nowogrodzkie charakteryzują się mniej wyważonymi proporcjami, większą asymetrią lic, surowością, prostotą, stronieniem od przesadnie dekoracyjnych elewacji i większym bogactwem fresków na wewnętrznych ścianach budowli. Do najstarszych obiektów należą cerkwie: Zwiastowania w Arkażach (1179), Piotra i Pawła na Siniczej Górze (1185) i <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zbawiciela_na_Neredicy" title="Cerkiew Zbawiciela na Neredicy">cerkiew Zbawiciela na Neredicy</a> (1198). Ta ostatnia jest uważana za typowy przykład szkoły nowogrodzko-pskowskiej (typ sześcianowy, jednokopułowa, czterofilarowa, trójabsydowa, wnętrze bogato zdobione freskami <a href="/wiki/Teofan_Grek" title="Teofan Grek">Teofana Greka</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. Po najazdach mongolskich w XIII wieku architektura nowogrodzka podupadła do rangi architektury prowincjonalnej, nie osiągając już nigdy dawnej świetności i rozmachu. Świątynie nowogrodzkie z XIV i XV wieków charakteryzują się znacznie mniejszymi rozmiarami, większą prostotą i oszczędnością, m.in. cerkiew Fiodora Stratylatesa na Ruczeju (1360) i cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego (1374). Najważniejszym po Nowogrodzie ośrodkiem szkoły nowogrodzko-pskowskiej był <a href="/wiki/Psk%C3%B3w" title="Psków">Psków</a>. Do zachowanych cerkwi pskowskich należą m.in. cerkiew św. Mikołaja z Usochy (1371), św. Bazylego na Górce (1413), Kosmy i Damiana z Przymościa (1463) i Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej znad Paromy (1521). Za najwybitniejszy przykład szkoły pskowskiej z XVI wieku uważa się pskowską cerkiew św. Sergiusza z Załużja (1582–1588), a do najznaczniejszych świeckich pskowskich zabytków należą Komnaty Poganikonowe (1671–1679), Komnaty Mienszykowskie, Podznojewskie, Trubińskie i inne. Budowle te, pełniące funkcję pałacu i twierdzy, miały ściany z układanego kamienia o grubości ponad dwóch metrów<a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. Architektura nowogrodzka od XV wieku traci własny charakter, stając się „prowincjonalnym odgałęzieniem ogólnomoskiewskiego stylu”<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Szkoła_włodzimiersko-suzdalska">Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG/220px-Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG/330px-Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG/440px-Pereslavl_SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="1342" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Przemienienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Peres%C5%82awiu_Zaleskim" title="Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Peresławiu Zaleskim">Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Peresławiu Zaleskim</a> (1152–1157). Niemal w całości zachowana cerkiew staroruska </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0)..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%29..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Borysa_i_Gleba_w_Kidiekszy" title="Cerkiew Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Kidiekszy">Cerkiew Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Kidiekszy</a> (1152–1157, sklepienie i kopuła zmienione po uszkodzeniu budynku w 1660 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_(1899).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg/220px-Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg/330px-Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg/440px-Golden_Gate_in_Vladimir_%281899%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1819" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ota_Brama_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Złota Brama we Włodzimierzu">Złota Brama we Włodzimierzu</a> (1158–1164, sklepienie, cerkiew nadbramna i kordegarda z lat 1795–1810) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg/220px-Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg/330px-Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg/440px-Bogolubov_reconstruction_zagraevsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="2459" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja zamku Bogolubskich w Bogolubowie (1158–1165) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4840" /></a><figcaption>Zachowana baszta zamku Bogolubskich w Bogolubowie (1158–1165) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="3380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej we Włodzimierzu">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej we Włodzimierzu</a> (1158–1189) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9),_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_60,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%28%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%29%2C_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_60%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%28%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%29%2C_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_60%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%28%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%29%2C_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_60%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="5019" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_So%C5%82u%C5%84skiego_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór św. Dymitra Sołuńskiego we Włodzimierzu">Sobór św. Dymitra Sołuńskiego we Włodzimierzu</a> (1194) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80)._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%28%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%29._%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4723" data-file-height="2869" /></a><figcaption>Reliefy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_So%C5%82u%C5%84skiego_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór św. Dymitra Sołuńskiego we Włodzimierzu">soboru św. Dymitra we Włodzimierzu</a> (kamień, ok. 1197) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius_IMG_9927_1725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption>Reliefy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_So%C5%82u%C5%84skiego_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór św. Dymitra Sołuńskiego we Włodzimierzu">soboru św. Dymitra we Włodzimierzu</a> (kamień, ok. 1197) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_on_the_Nerl_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4300" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_na_Nerli" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej na Nerli">Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej na Nerli</a> pod Bogolubowem (1165) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/220px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/330px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/440px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Suzdalu" title="Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu">Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu</a> (1222–1225) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg/220px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg/330px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg/440px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption>Złote Drzwi Suzdalskie (miedź i złoto, <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Suzdalu" title="Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu">sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu</a>, 1222–1238) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg/220px-YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg/330px-YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg/440px-YuP_StGeorgeChurch2p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3662" data-file-height="2787" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Juriewie-Polskim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim">Sobór św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim</a> (najniższe partie z lat 1152–1157, dolne partie 1230–1234, górne partie z 1471 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg/330px-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg/440px-%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Reliefy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Juriewie-Polskim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim">soboru św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim</a> (ok. 1234) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Relief z <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Juriewie-Polskim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim">soboru św. Jerzego w Juriewie-Polskim</a> (ok. 1234) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Architektura staroruska została w okresie panowania <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Do%C5%82goruki" title="Jerzy Dołgoruki">Jerzego Dołgorukiego</a> (1117–1157) wzbogacona o elementy <a href="/wiki/Architektura_roma%C5%84ska" title="Architektura romańska">architektury romańskiej</a>. Było to możliwe dzięki sprowadzeniu przez kniazia zachodnich budowniczych na <a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%9B_W%C5%82odzimiersko-Suzdalska" title="Ruś Włodzimiersko-Suzdalska">Ruś Włodzimiersko-Suzdalską</a><a href="#cite_note-:45-22">[22]</a>. Świątynie z dokładnie ociosanych bloków kamiennych, głównie wapiennych, były wznoszone na planie krzyża greckiego, miały najczęściej cztery filary, <a href="/wiki/Narteks" title="Narteks">narteksy</a> i trzy wysokie <a href="/wiki/Apsyda_(architektura)" title="Apsyda (architektura)">apsydy</a> zwieńczone kopułą. Do najstarszych tego rodzaju budowli należą: <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Borysa_i_Gleba_w_Kidiekszy" title="Cerkiew Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Kidiekszy">cerkiew Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Kidiekszy</a> (1152) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Przemienienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Peres%C5%82awiu_Zaleskim" title="Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Peresławiu Zaleskim">sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Peresławiu Zaleskim</a> (1152). Gwałtowny rozwój sztuki nastąpił pod rządami <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_I_Bogolubski" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrzej I Bogolubski">Andrzeja Bogolubskiego</a> (1157–1174) i <a href="/wiki/Wsiewo%C5%82od_III_Wielkie_Gniazdo" title="Wsiewołod III Wielkie Gniazdo">Wsiewołoda Wielkie Gniazdo</a> (1176–1212). W wyniku przeniesienia siedziby metropolity ruskiego oraz wielkiego księcia do Włodzimierza, a następnie Moskwy, Ruś Włodzimiersko-Suzdalska stała się w XIII wieku głównym ośrodkiem sztuki ruskiej. We Włodzimierzu wybudowano m.in. pięciokopułowy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej we Włodzimierzu">sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej</a> (1158–1189), <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ota_Brama_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Złota Brama we Włodzimierzu">Złotą Bramę</a> (1158–1164), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_So%C5%82u%C5%84skiego_we_W%C5%82odzimierzu" title="Sobór św. Dymitra Sołuńskiego we Włodzimierzu">sobór św. Dymitra</a> (1194) i Monaster Kniahini Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej (1200). W pozostałych miejscowościach zbudowano: zamek Bogolubskich w Bogolubowie (1158–1165), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_na_Nerli" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej na Nerli">cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej na Nerli</a> (1165), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreml_suzdalski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreml suzdalski (strona nie istnieje)">kreml suzdalski</a> wraz z <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Suzdalu" title="Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu">soborem Narodzenia Matki Bożej</a> (1222–1225) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Jurjewie-Polskim" title="Sobór św. Jerzego w Jurjewie-Polskim">sobór św. Jerzego w Jurjewie-Polskim</a> (1230–1234). Część zamku Bogolubskich i niektóre partie Złotej Bramy Włodzimierskiej uważane są za najstarsze zachowane przykłady świeckiej architektury staroruskiej w ogóle<a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Szkoły_wczesnomoskiewska_i_pozostałe">Szkoły wczesnomoskiewska i pozostałe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj sekcję: Szkoły wczesnomoskiewska i pozostałe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Szkoły wczesnomoskiewska i pozostałe">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Szkoły wczesnomoskiewska i inne</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG/220px-Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG/330px-Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG/440px-Kamenskoe_Saint_Nicholas_church_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Kamienskoje (około 1309, przybudówka po lewej późniejsza). Rzadki przykład cerkwi ruskiej z kątowymi filarami. Najstarsza zachowana cerkiew wybudowana po najeździe mongolskim </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG/220px-Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG/330px-Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG/440px-Kolomna_ChurchStJohnBaptist3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3276" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Poczęcia Jana Chrzciciela na Grodzisku pod Kołomną (dolne partie z 1310 roku, partie górne z XVI wieku; późniejsze przybudówka i dzwonnica) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg/330px-Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg/440px-Moscow_Kremlin_AssumptionCathedral_Reconstruction_Zagraevsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstrukcja dawnego soboru Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Moskwie z 1326 roku </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4125" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Gorodni (około 1310–1318, górne partie z lat 1740–1745; dzwonnica i przybudówka późniejsze). Jedyny zachowany zabytek architektury Wielkiego Księstwa Twerskiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%C2%BB_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej na Gródku w Zwienigorodzie (1399, górne partie i dzwonnica późniejsze) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_(Andronikov_Monastery)_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Mandylion_%28Andronikov_Monastery%29_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="2911" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego monasteru Spaso-Andronikowskiego w Moskwie (ok. 1390–1427) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg/220px-Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg/330px-Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg/440px-Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery_19_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2266" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Narodzenia Bogurodzicy monasteru św. Sawy Storożewskiego (1405) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Holy_Trinity_Church_(Sergiev_Posad)_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Sergiev_Posad%29_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="2407" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Świętej Trójcy ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej (1422) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/220px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/330px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/440px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img6_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="3486" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Ducha Świętego ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej (1476). Najstarsza zachowana rosyjska cerkiew typu „pod dzwonem”. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg/220px-VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg/330px-VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg/440px-VolokolamskKremlin_ResurectionChurch_3866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2963" /></a><figcaption>Obramowanie okna <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Wo%C5%82oko%C5%82amsku" title="Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Wołokołamsku">soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Wołokołamsku</a> (1480) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_(Kreml).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG/220px-Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG/330px-Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG/440px-Cerkov_Rizpolozhenia_%28Kreml%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Z%C5%82o%C5%BCenia_Szat" title="Cerkiew Złożenia Szat">Cerkiew Złożenia Szat</a> w Moskwie, mistrzowie pskowscy i moskiewscy (1484–1485) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg/220px-Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg/330px-Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg/440px-Ferapontov_Monastery_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2307" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Narodzenia Przeświętej Bogurodzicy monasteru Terapontowskiego (pośrodku, 1490) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG/220px-Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG/330px-Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG/440px-Vladimir_KnyagininMonastery_Cathedral4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Sobór monasteru Kniahini Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Suzdalu (dolne partie ścian z lat 1200–1202, reszta z około 1500 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg/220px-Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg/330px-Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg/440px-Rostov_Kremlin_Cathedral_T02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Zaśnięcia Bogurodzicy na kremlu w Rostowie (podziemne pozostałości pierwotnej cerkwi z 1163 roku, dolne partie z lat 1213–1231, reszta z XVI wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>Monasterski sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Jarosławiu (1516, zachowane fundamenty pierwotnej cerkwi z 1216) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Podb%C3%B3j_Rusi_przez_Mongo%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Podbój Rusi przez Mongołów">Podbój Rusi przez Mongołów</a> (1237–1240) zahamował rozwój sztuki na około 50–60 lat. Na przełomie XIII i XIV wieku doszło do ponownego rozkwitu architektury murowanej na całej Wielkorusi, przy czym wiodącą rolę odgrywały: Moskwa, Suzdal i Twer. Pierwszą murowaną świątynią wybudowaną po 1240 roku był dawny, niezachowany sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Twerze (1285). Jedynym zachowanym zabytkiem architektury Wielkiego Księstwa Twerskiego jest cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Gorodni z około 1310–1318 roku. Szkoła włodzimiersko-suzdalska zapoczątkowana w XII wieku podlegała dalszemu rozwojowi w Księstwie Moskiewskim, gdzie pod koniec XIII wieku dochodzi do formowania się stylu wczesnomoskiewskiego. W Moskwie założono szereg nowych monasterów, m.in. <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Dani%C5%82owski" title="Monaster Daniłowski">monaster Daniłowski</a> (ok. 1282–1303) – obecnie jednej z rezydencji patriarchów Moskwy i całej Rusi, <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Objawienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Objawienia Pańskiego w Moskwie">monaster Objawienia Pańskiego</a> (1296), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Czudowski" title="Monaster Czudowski">monaster Czudowski</a> (1358), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Simonowski" title="Monaster Simonowski">monaster Simonowski</a> (1370), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie">monaster Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego</a> (1386). Poza Moskwą wybudowano: <a href="/wiki/%C5%81awra_Troicko-Siergijewska" title="Ławra Troicko-Siergijewska">ławrę Troicko-Siergijewską</a> (ok. 1337–1342), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Spaso-Jewfimiejewski_w_Suzdalu" title="Monaster Spaso-Jewfimiejewski w Suzdalu">monaster Spaso-Jewfimiejewski</a> (1352) i <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Suzdalu" title="Monaster Opieki Matki Bożej w Suzdalu">monaster Opieki Matki Bożej w Suzdalu</a> (po 1364 roku), <a href="/wiki/Monastyr_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Cyryla_Bie%C5%82ozierskiego" title="Monastyr Świętego Cyryla Biełozierskiego">monaster Cyrylo-Biełozierski</a> w <a href="/wiki/Kiri%C5%82%C5%82ow" title="Kiriłłow">Kiriłłowie</a> (1397) i <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Terapontowski" title="Monaster Terapontowski">monaster Terapontowski</a> (1398). Pierwotną, drewnianą zabudowę monasterów z czasem zastępowano obiektami murowanymi, np. cerkiew monasteru Objawienia Pańskiego w Moskwie z 1340 roku zastąpiła starszą świątynię drewnianą. W XIV wieku dochodzi do wykształcenia się cech oryginalnych w architekturze moskiewskiej z białego kamienia, szczególnie zaostrzonych form zakomarów i kokoszników. Najstarszymi tego typu zachowanymi świątyniami są cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy we wsi Kamienskoje pod Moskwą z 1309 roku i cerkiew Poczęcia Jana Chrzciciela na Grodzisku pod Kołomną z około 1310 roku. Cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Kamienskoje jest rzadkim na Rusi przykładem typowej dla Bałkanów cerkwi z kątowymi filarami. W 1329 roku wzniesiono na kremlu w Moskwie niezachowaną cerkiew św. Jana Klimaka, będącą pierwszą murowaną cerkwią typu „pod dzwonem” na ziemiach ruskich. Do kolejnych oryginalnych budowli należą: dawny sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Moskwie (1326), cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego monasteru Spaso-Andronikowskiego (1390–1427), sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej na Gródku w Zwienigorodzie (1399), sobór Narodzenia Bogurodzicy monasteru św. Sawy Storożewskiego (1405), sobór Świętej Trójcy Ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej (1422). Włodzimiersko-suzdalski i wczesnomoskiewski typy budownictwa szybko rozprzestrzeniły się do pozostałych dzielnic ruskich, o czym świadczy chociażby wybudowany przez mistrzów rostowskich <a href="/wiki/Monastyr_So%C5%82owiecki" title="Monastyr Sołowiecki">Monastyr Sołowiecki</a> (1429) w <a href="/wiki/Republika_Nowogrodzka" title="Republika Nowogrodzka">Republice Nowogrodzkiej</a><a href="#cite_note-:50-16">[16]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tradycyjna_architektura_drewniana">Tradycyjna architektura drewniana</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj sekcję: Tradycyjna architektura drewniana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Tradycyjna architektura drewniana">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Tradycyjna drewniana architektura cerkiewna</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png/220px-Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png/330px-Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png/440px-Vernacular_architecture_-_Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption>Podstawowe typy budownictwa ludowego w Europie </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/220px-19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/330px-19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/440px-19_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Łazarza Muromskiego na Kiży (koniec XIV – początek XVI wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Deposition_from_the_Borodav%D0%B0_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Zrębowa cerkiew Złożenia Szaty Matki Bożej w Blachernie z Borodawy (1485–1486) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG/220px-Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG/330px-Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG/440px-Juksovichi-Georgij-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Jerzego Zwycięscy w Radionowie (1493–1543) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Witosławicach (1531–1539) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wooden_belfry_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wooden_belfry_04.jpg/220px-Wooden_belfry_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wooden_belfry_04.jpg/330px-Wooden_belfry_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wooden_belfry_04.jpg/440px-Wooden_belfry_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica ze wsi Kuliga (skansen w Małych Koriełach, XVI–XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_(1905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%281905-1906%D0%B3%D0%B3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Wieża monasteru Nikolo-Koriełskiego (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_(Arkhangelsk_Governorate).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/220px-Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/330px-Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/440px-Church_of_St._Nicholas_in_Maloshuyka_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Mikołaja w Małoszujce (rysunek Władimira Płotnikowa, 1638) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Voznes9w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Voznes9w.jpg/220px-Voznes9w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Voznes9w.jpg/330px-Voznes9w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Voznes9w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Tichwińskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Torżoku (1653). Cerkiew jarusnyja </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Spotkania Pańskiego i św. Michała (Krasnaja Ljaga, 1655) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2235" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w pogoście gimoreckim (1659) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg/220px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg/330px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg/440px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_06012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="2375" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Zaostrowiu (1686) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wooden_church_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Wooden_church_29.jpg/220px-Wooden_church_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Wooden_church_29.jpg/330px-Wooden_church_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Wooden_church_29.jpg/440px-Wooden_church_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Małych Koriełach (1669) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81.%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Warzudze (1674) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG/220px-Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG/330px-Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG/440px-Palmqvist_Nikolo-Ugreshsky.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2195" data-file-height="1570" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew <a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_na_Ugrieszy" title="Monaster św. Mikołaja na Ugrieszy">monasteru św. Mikołaja na Ugrieszy</a> (rycina Erika Palmqvista z 1674 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Resurrection_Church_(Kola)_1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif/220px-Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif/330px-Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif/440px-Resurrection_Church_%28Kola%29_1.gif 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Kola (1681–1684) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg/220px-Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg/330px-Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg/440px-Kolomenskoe_in_white_-_Dec12_-_01_wooden_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="3487" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Jerzego Zwycięzcy (Kołomienskoje, 1685) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Bolshoi_Zayatsky_Island-Church_of_St._Andrew_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6398" data-file-height="4265" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Andrzeja na Wielkiej Wyspie Zajęczej (1702) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/220px-1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/330px-1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg/440px-1909_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B._%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej (około 1708, Wytegorski Pogost, Anchimowo) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_(Arkhangelsk_Governorate).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/220px-Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/330px-Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg/440px-Wooden_church_in_Nyonoksa_village_%28Arkhangelsk_Governorate%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Nionoksie" title="Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Nionoksie">Cerkiew Św. Trójcy w Nionoksie</a> (1724). Cerkiew wielohełmowa </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kizhi_churches.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kizhi_churches.jpg/220px-Kizhi_churches.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kizhi_churches.jpg/330px-Kizhi_churches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kizhi_churches.jpg/440px-Kizhi_churches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Pogost Kiży. Po lewej stronie wielokopułowa cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego (1714) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG/220px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG/330px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG/440px-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Cerkwie św. Archanioła Michała (1715) i Seretinska (XVIII wiek) w Archangielu </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Czasownia św. Kirika i Julity ze wsi Kaszira (skansen w Witosławicach, 1745) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg/220px-WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg/330px-WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg/440px-WoodenMuseumChurchTransfiguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3854" data-file-height="3743" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego z Kozljatiewa w Suzdalu (1756) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_(Podporozhye)35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Vladimir_%28Podporozhye%2935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Włodzimierskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Podporożu (1757) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg/220px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg/330px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg/440px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No09_VN208.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="2184" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Mikołaja ze wsi Wysokij Ostrow (skansen w Witosławicach, 1767) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg/220px-Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg/330px-Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg/440px-Dormition_Church_Kondopoga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Kondopodze" title="Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Kondopodze">Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Bogurodzicy</a> (Kondopoga, 1774) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg/220px-Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg/330px-Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg/440px-Church_in_the_village_Turchasovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego w pogoście turczasowskim (1781) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg/220px-Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg/330px-Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg/440px-Kazan_chearch_in_Virica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew ikony Matki Bożej Kazańskiej w Wyricy, Władimir Apaszkow (1912–1914) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Tradycyjna drewniana architektura świecka</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG/220px-Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG/330px-Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG/440px-Kolomenskoe_1185.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Pałac carski w Kołomienskoje (1667–1672, rekonstruowany w 2010 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4850" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption>Pałac carski w Kołomienskoje (1667–1672, rekonstruowany w 2010 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg/220px-Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg/330px-Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg/440px-Kolomenskoe_SaviourGates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2875" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Brama Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kołomienskoje (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="1341" /></a><figcaption>Chochłowka - wartownia z Targowiszcza (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Ilimski Ostrog (1667) i ilimska cerkiew Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej (1697) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Mochowaja Wieża Sumskiego Ostrogu (muzeum w Kołomienskoje, lata 80. XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG/220px-Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG/330px-Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG/440px-Kolomenskoe_PetersHouse3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3748" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>Dom Piotra I z twierdzy nowodźwińskiej (muzeum w Kołomienskoje, 1702) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_1838_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Dom we wsi Wiczuga (1838) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C._1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Stanica pocztowa pod Kostromą (1839) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg/220px-An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg/330px-An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg/440px-An_Izba_in_Suzdal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Tzw. „pięciościanówka” - prostszy typ północnorosyjskiej izby (skansen w Suzdalu) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg/220px-RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg/330px-RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg/440px-RybnoeDistrict_06-13_Konstantinovo_village_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3651" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption>Prostszy typ południoworosyjskiej chaty we wsi Konstantinowo pod Riazaniem (1871) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Rosyjski kureń kozacki z okolic Rostowa nad Donem (XIX wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg/220px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg/330px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg/440px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No18_VN209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>Podwójna izba Dobrowolskich ze wsi Wotrosa (skansen w Witosławicach, lata 70. XIX wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1662" /></a><figcaption>Izba Obuchowych ze wsi Uljankowo (skansen w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, koniec XIX wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG/220px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG/330px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG/440px-VNovgorod_Vitoslavlitsy_No02_5633.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="2391" /></a><figcaption>Izba Jekimowych ze wsi Ryszewo (skansen w Witosławicach, 1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Russia_3143_(4135876430).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg/220px-Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg/330px-Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg/440px-Russia_3143_%284135876430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Izba (skansen w Witosławicach) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Semenkovo_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Semenkovo_29.jpg/220px-Semenkovo_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Semenkovo_29.jpg/330px-Semenkovo_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Semenkovo_29.jpg/440px-Semenkovo_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Izba Chrapowów ze wsi Bor (skansen w Semienkowie) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1662" /></a><figcaption>Dom Pawłowych ze wsi Rakowo (skansen w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, połowa XIX wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg/330px-Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg/440px-Moscow_Kolomenskoe_wooden_farmhouse_08-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3450" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption>Dom wiejski w Kołomienskoje </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg/220px-Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg/330px-Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg/440px-Polenov_staraya_melnica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Stary młyn wodny (obraz Wasilija Polenowa z 1880 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C,_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Wiatrak ze wsi Koczemliewo (Muzeum Nowe Jeruzalem w Istri, XIX wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Wiatrak ze wsi Ładoszczina (skansen w Witosławicach, około 1905 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg/220px-Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg/330px-Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg/440px-Gorskii_03965u_windmills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2943" /></a><figcaption>Wiatraki na Syberii w 1912 roku </figcaption></figure></div></div> Architektura drewniana stanowi najstarszy typ budownictwa na ziemiach rosyjskich, silnie rozwinięty szczególnie na rosyjskiej północy. Do pierwszych zachowanych drewnianych świątyń należą cerkwie zrębowe zbudowane z jednego lub kilku połączonych, prostokątnych pomieszczeń, pokrytych dwuspadowymi dachami, np. cerkiew św. Łazarza Muromskiego na Kiży (koniec XIV – początek XVI wieku), cerkiew Położenia Ryzy z Borodawy (1485) i cerkiew św. Jerzego Zwycięzcy w Radionowie (1493–1543). Kolejny typ budownictwa drewnianego stanowią budynki z rosyjskimi dachami hełmowymi, znane od co najmniej lat 20. XI wieku (np. cerkiew w Palinowie z 1600 roku i cerkiew w Warsudze z 1674 roku), budynki z dachami wielohełmowymi (np. sobór Zaśnięcia Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Kiemie ukończony w roku 1717, cerkiew św. Trójcy w Nionoksie z 1727 roku), budynki „jarusnyje” z narastającymi na sobie stopniowo czworokątami lub ośmiokątami (np. cerkiew Tichwińskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Torżoku z 1653 roku i cerkiew św. Eliasza Proroka w Cipinie z 1755 roku), budynki wielokopułowe (np. niezachowana cerkiew św. Eliasza w Czuchczermie z 1657 roku, cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego na Kiży z 1714 roku, cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Hodigitria” w Kimży z 1763 roku) i inne<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>. Podstawowym elementem świeckiego budownictwa na obszarach leśnych jest kleć zrębowa, która w X wieku zaczęła zastępować starsze półziemianki. Rzadszymi, tradycyjnymi typami są: domostwa o konstrukcji szkieletowej, domy kamienne lub gliniane. Kleć razem z wbudowanym piecem tworzy najprostszy typ <a href="/wiki/Izba" title="Izba">izby</a>. Z czasem rozwinęło się kilka rodzajów izb, niektóre z nich liczą kilka pięter i wiele pomieszczeń. W okresie od VIII do XIII wieku wykształciło się kilka typów piecy na ziemiach wschodniosłowiańskich. Najstarszym typem izby jest tzw. „kurna izba” z paleniskiem lub piecem pozbawionym komina, od XIX wieku coraz rzadsza, zanikła ostatecznie na początku XX wieku. W XV wieku pojawiła się tzw. „biała izba” z kominem i oknami, która upowszechniła się w wieku XVIII wśród bogatszych mieszkańców wsi i miasteczek. Izby w południowej i zachodniej Rosji nazywane są <a href="/wiki/Chata" title="Chata">chatami</a>. Na terenie osadnictwa kozackiego budowane były kurenie. W architekturze bojarskiej i kniaziów rozwinęły się często bogate zdobione <a href="/wiki/Chorom" title="Chorom">choromy</a> (drewniane odpowiedniki murowanych komnat) z <a href="/wiki/Terem" title="Terem">teremami</a> (najwyższymi kondygnacjami z wysokimi dachami) i gułbiszczem (tarasami lub galeriami). Rosyjskie rezydencje wiejskie, bojarskie czy książęce są nazywane ogólnie „<a href="/wiki/Dw%C3%B3r_(budynek)" title="Dwór (budynek)">dworami</a>”, a okazałe pałace „dworcami”. Rosyjski „dwor” oznacza również <a href="/wiki/Dziedziniec" title="Dziedziniec">dziedziniec</a>. Spośród architektury świeckiej należy wymienić drewniany pałac carski w Kołomienskoje (1667–1672) oraz zrębowy dom Piotra I z twierdzy nowodźwińskiej (1702, obecnie w muzeum w <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82omienskoje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kołomienskoje">Kołomienskoje</a>). Do utraconych budowli należy pałac carycy Natali Naryszkiny na kremlu moskiewskim (1674–1685). Budownictwo tradycyjne miało od samego początku wpływ na architekturę kamienną w Rosji, a od końca XVII wieku bywało łączone z barokiem, klasycyzmem i innymi stylami<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[27]</a>. Do nowożytnych adaptacji tradycyjnego ruskiego budownictwa drewnianego należą m.in. cerkiew Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Wyricy (1912–1914) i cerkiew św. Mikołaja pod Sołomienną Storożką (1916) z wpływami modernizmu<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wpływy_Zachodu_(romanizm,_gotyk,_renesans)">Wpływy Zachodu (romanizm, gotyk, renesans)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wpływy Zachodu (romanizm, gotyk, renesans)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wpływy Zachodu (romanizm, gotyk, renesans)">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Romanizm">Romanizm</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj sekcję: Romanizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Romanizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg/150px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg/225px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg/299px-Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Novgorod-gates_99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Drzwi_p%C5%82ockie" title="Drzwi płockie">Drzwi korsuńskie (płockie)</a> z autoportretem Awrama (1153)</figcaption></figure> Architektura staroruska w okresie od XI do XIII wieku była rozwijana przy współudziale sprowadzanych na Ruś budowniczych romańskich, szczególnie aktywnych w okresie panowania <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Do%C5%82goruki" title="Jerzy Dołgoruki">Jerzego Dołgorukiego</a> (1117–1157) i <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_I_Bogolubski" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrzej I Bogolubski">Andrzeja Bogolubskiego</a> (1157–1174)<a href="#cite_note-:45-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-:46-28">[28]</a>. Charakterystyczne dla tego okresu są tzw. „łuki lombardzkie”, np. w cerkwi Świętych Borysa i Gleba w Kidekszy (1152). Cechy romańskie noszą niektóre dawne obiekty szwedzkie w <a href="/wiki/Karelia_(kraina)" title="Karelia (kraina)">Karelii</a>, np. zamek w Wyborgu z XIII wieku. Unikatowym zabytkiem romańskim są brązowe drzwi korsuńskie w soborze Mądrości Bożej w Nowogrodzie Wielkim<a href="#cite_note-:9-29">[29]</a>, znane w polskiej literaturze pod nazwą <a href="/wiki/Drzwi_p%C5%82ockie" title="Drzwi płockie">drzwi płockich</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>. Drzwi zostały wykonane w 1153 roku przez niemieckich mistrzów z <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburga</a> oraz ruskiego mistrza Awrama z Nowogrodu Wielkiego, który na drzwiach uwiecznił swój autoportret w ruskim stroju wraz z podpisem<a href="#cite_note-:9-29">[29]</a>. Wizerunek Awrama uważany jest za pierwszy znany autoportret w sztuce rosyjskiej<a href="#cite_note-:9-29">[29]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Gotyk">Gotyk</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj sekcję: Gotyk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Gotyk">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg/200px-Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg/300px-Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg/400px-Vladychnoe_Chamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption>Władyczna Komnata w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1433)</figcaption></figure> Od XIV wieku na Ruś Północną przenikały <a href="/wiki/Gotyk_ceglany" title="Gotyk ceglany">hanzetyckie wzory gotyckie</a>, przede wszystkim budownictwo z <a href="/wiki/Ceg%C5%82a_ceramiczna" title="Cegła ceramiczna">czerwonej cegły ceramicznej</a>. Gotycki styl na Rusi nie zdołał się jednak zadomowić i jedynym zachowanym zabytkiem stricte gotyckim jest Władyczna Komnata w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1433)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>. W <a href="/wiki/Wielkie_Ksi%C4%99stwo_Moskiewskie" title="Wielkie Księstwo Moskiewskie">Wielkim Księstwie Moskiewskim</a> typowy dla gotyku mur ceglany zaczął wypierać mur ciosowy pod koniec XV wieku. Niektórzy badacze w celu określenia przede wszystkim architektury staroruskiej w wiekach XIII–XV posługują się nazwą „gotyku ruskiego”<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>, która jednak nie zyskała szerszej aprobaty. Osobny rozdział stanowią dawne, gotyckie obiekty <a href="/wiki/Zakon_krzy%C5%BCacki" title="Zakon krzyżacki">krzyżackie</a> w <a href="/wiki/Obw%C3%B3d_kr%C3%B3lewiecki" title="Obwód królewiecki">obwodzie królewieckim</a>, np. <a href="/wiki/Katedra_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_i_%C5%9Bw._Wojciecha_w_Kr%C3%B3lewcu" title="Katedra Matki Bożej i św. Wojciecha w Królewcu">katedra Matki Bożej i św. Wojciecha w Królewcu</a> (1333). Sztuka gotycka była rozwijana również na obszarze <a href="/wiki/Kawalerowie_Mieczowi" title="Kawalerowie Mieczowi">państwa kawalerów mieczowych</a> oraz zajętych przez nich ruskich księstw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksi%C4%99stwo_cargardzkie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Księstwo cargardzkie (strona nie istnieje)">cargradzkiego</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksi%C4%99stwo_kukonoskie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Księstwo kukonoskie (strona nie istnieje)">kukonoskiego</a> (na terenach dzisiejszych Łotwy i Estonii)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>. Obszary te w latach 1721–1917 należały do Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego a ich dawna, niemiecka architektura wpłynęła na niektóre formy stylu rosyjskiego, neogotyku i modernizmu północnego w Rosji. Do głównych zabytków w Rydze należy dom działającego w Rosji do 1893 roku bractwa Czarnogłowych (z XIV wieku). Innym przykładem gotyckiej architektury jest <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Olafa_w_Tallinnie" title="Kościół św. Olafa w Tallinnie">kościół św. Olafa w Tallinnie</a> (XIII–XVI wiek), który w znacznej mierze spłonął w 1625 roku. Po odbudowie w latach 40. XIX wieku kościół św. Olafa stał się najwyższym budynkiem w carskiej Rosji, a car <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_I_Romanow" title="Mikołaj I Romanow">Mikołaj I</a> osobiście ufundował dla niego wielki dzwon<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Renesans">Renesans</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj sekcję: Renesans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Renesans">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Facets_01_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4606" data-file-height="3098" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Fasetowy na kremlu moskiewskim, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Solari" title="Pietro Antonio Solari">Pietro Antonio Solari</a> (1487–1491)</figcaption></figure> Co najmniej od lat 70. XV wieku do wieku XVII na sztukę Rosji oddziaływały ideały renesansu włoskiego. Sytuacji takiej sprzyjało małżeństwo cara Iwana III Srogiego z <a href="/wiki/Zoe_Paleolog" title="Zoe Paleolog">Zofią Paleolog</a> (1472), bratanicą ostatniego cesarza bizantyjskiego <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_XI_Paleolog" title="Konstantyn XI Paleolog">Konstantyna XI Dragazesa</a>, która przyjeżdżając z Rzymu do Rosji sprowadziła ze sobą włoskich architektów. Nie licząc <a href="/wiki/Republika_Genui" title="Republika Genui">genueńskich</a> faktorii czarnomorskich, pierwsi budowniczy włoscy pojawili się na terytorium Rosji w czasach panowania <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_I_Bogolubski" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrzej I Bogolubski">Andrzeja Bogolubskiego</a> (1157–1174)<a href="#cite_note-:46-28">[28]</a>. W Rosji Włochów zwano potocznie „Friazinami”, a ich styl „friaskim”. Samo słowo „Friaz” oznaczało pierwotnie cudzoziemszczyznę zachodnią, „frankowską”. Do włoskich architektów działających w Rosji w okresie od XV do XVI wieku należeli: <a href="/wiki/Aloisio_da_Milano" title="Aloisio da Milano">Aloisio da Milano</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotele_Fioravanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotele Fioravanti (strona nie istnieje)">Aristotele Fioravanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Solari" title="Pietro Antonio Solari">Pietro Antonio Solari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Ruffo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Ruffo (strona nie istnieje)">Marco Ruffo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Bono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Bono (strona nie istnieje)">Marco Bono</a>, Pietro Francesco, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Gislardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Gislardi (strona nie istnieje)">Antonio Gislardi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian-Battista_della_Volpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian-Battista della Volpe (strona nie istnieje)">Gian-Battista della Volpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloisio_Nowy" title="Aloisio Nowy">Aloisio Nowy</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietrok_Ma%C5%82y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietrok Mały (strona nie istnieje)">Pietrok Mały</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>. Artyści renesansowi zjawiają się i działają w dalekiej Moskwie znacznie wcześniej aniżeli w Polsce, Czechach i niektórych innych krajach, wysuniętych bardziej na zachód. Gdy jednak w Europie Środkowej starano się naśladować wzory zachodniego renesansu, to w Rosji sytuacja była zgoła odwrotna. Moskwa usiłowała pozyskać umiejętnych renesansowych architektów, którzy mieli rozwijać oryginalne rosyjskie tradycje, realizować rosyjskie plany i upodobania, wykazując tym samym w pełni świadomość rodzimych horyzontów twórczych i ich odrębności<a href="#cite_note-:49-40">[40]</a>. Jak zauważa <a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">Vojeslav Molè</a>: Kiedy sprowadzony z Włoch architekt boloński Aristotele Fioravanti w roku 1475 przystąpił w Moskwie do budowy nowego soboru, wskazano mu sobór Uspieński we Włodzimierzu Suzdalskim jako wzór, który należy naśladować. Nowa świątynia, ukończona w roku 1479, była też niewątpliwie podobna do cerkwi włodzimierskiej, ale rysy pokrewieństwa są tylko zewnętrzne. Nawiązując do tradycji architektury włodzimierskiej i do stylu Św. Sofii nowogrodzkiej przeinterpretował je Aristotel w duchu renesansowej logiczności, stwarzając w ten sposób nową koncepcję monumentalnej cerkwi ruskiej<a href="#cite_note-:49-40">[40]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Przedbarokowa_architektura_islamska">Przedbarokowa architektura islamska</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przedbarokowa architektura islamska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=15" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przedbarokowa architektura islamska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Przedbarokowa architektura islamska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Derbent_gate2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Derbent_gate2.jpg/220px-Derbent_gate2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Derbent_gate2.jpg/330px-Derbent_gate2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Derbent_gate2.jpg/440px-Derbent_gate2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Brama twierdzy Naryń Kała (<a href="/wiki/Derbent_(Rosja)" title="Derbent (Rosja)">Derbent</a>, VI wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg/220px-Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg/330px-Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg/440px-Grand_mosque_of_Derbent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Meczet Dżuma (<a href="/wiki/Derbent_(Rosja)" title="Derbent (Rosja)">Derbent</a>, VIII–XV wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG/220px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG/330px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG/440px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Pozostałości Wielkiego Bułgara </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Black_chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Black_chamber.jpg/220px-Black_chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Black_chamber.jpg/330px-Black_chamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Black_chamber.jpg/440px-Black_chamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Czarna Komnata w Wielkim Bułgarze </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5,_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%2C_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Ruiny Czartowego Grodziska w okolicach <a href="/wiki/Je%C5%82abuga" title="Jełabuga">Jełabugi</a> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Meczet chana Uzbeka w Starym Krymie (1314–1333) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg/220px-Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg/330px-Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg/440px-Khusein-Bek_Mausoleum_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mauzoleum Chusejn-beka w Cziszmach (XIV wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Mauzoleum Tura-chana w Cziszmach (XIV–XV wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG/330px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG/440px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Wykopaliska w Starym Saraju </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg/220px-Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg/330px-Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg/440px-Ghengisid%27s_palace_tile_decor_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption>Odnalezione fragmenty dekoracji pałacu w Starym Saraju </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kasimov_minaret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kasimov_minaret.jpg/220px-Kasimov_minaret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kasimov_minaret.jpg/330px-Kasimov_minaret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kasimov_minaret.jpg/440px-Kasimov_minaret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Minaret w Kasimowie (1462, przylegający meczet z lat 30. XIX w.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hansaray1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hansaray1.jpg/220px-Hansaray1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hansaray1.jpg/330px-Hansaray1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hansaray1.jpg/440px-Hansaray1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_chan%C3%B3w_krymskich" title="Pałac chanów krymskich">Pałac chanów krymskich</a> w Bakczysaraju (XVI–XVIII wiek), następnie pałac członków rodziny carskiej </figcaption></figure></div></div> Pojawienie się architektury islamskiej w Dagestanie związane jest z podbojami arabskimi w 643 roku. Z VIII wieku pochodzi najstarsza zachowana część <a href="/wiki/Derbent_(Rosja)" title="Derbent (Rosja)">derbenckiej</a> twierdzy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nary%C5%84-Ka%C5%82a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naryń-Kała (strona nie istnieje)">Naryń-Kała</a> w <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestanie</a>. W Derbencie znajduje się również Dżuma – pierwotnie <a href="/wiki/Szyizm" title="Szyizm">szyicki</a>, najstarszy <a href="/wiki/Meczet" title="Meczet">meczet</a> na terenie Rosji z VIII wieku, w XV wieku przebudowany w arabskim stylu<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>. W okresie od 922 do 1236 roku była rozwijana islamska architektura <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia_Wo%C5%82%C5%BCa%C5%84sko-Kamska" title="Bułgaria Wołżańsko-Kamska">bułgarska</a>, której najznamienitszymi przykładami są zabytki <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%82gar_Wielki" title="Bułgar Wielki">Wielkiego Bułgara</a>: Mały Minaret, Biała Komnata, Czarna Komnata, Wschodnie Mauzoleum, Północne Mauzoleum i Chańskie Mauzoleum oraz ruiny Czartowego Grodziska w okolicach <a href="/wiki/Je%C5%82abuga" title="Jełabuga">Jełabugi</a>, sięgające X wieku. Pozostałe dawne budowle bułgarskie nie zostały zachowane. W 2012 roku został w nawiązaniu do stylu dawnej architektury bułgarskiej wybudowany Biały Meczet i Wielki Minaret w Wielkim Bułgarze<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>. Do nielicznych poza Krymem przykładów przedbarokowej architektury tatarskiej należą: <a href="/wiki/Meczet_Kasim-chana" title="Meczet Kasim-chana">minaret przy meczecie Kasim-chana</a> w <a href="/wiki/Kasimow" title="Kasimow">Kasimowie</a> (XV wiek), fragmenty murów <a href="/wiki/Kreml_kaza%C5%84ski" title="Kreml kazański">kremla kazańskiego</a>, mauzoleum chana Szach-Alego (1556) oraz przypuszczalnie <a href="/wiki/Wie%C5%BCa_Sjujumbike" title="Wieża Sjujumbike">wieża obserwacyjna Sjujumbike</a> w <a href="/wiki/Kaza%C5%84" title="Kazań">Kazaniu</a>, która według nowszych badań została jednak wzniesiona w okresie baroku moskiewskiego na przełomie XVII i XVIII wieku na miejscu starszej i niższej budowli<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>. Co najmniej od XVI wieku architektura tatarska i innych ludów muzułmańskich w Rosji rozwijała się pod silnym wpływem sztuki ruskiej, np. mauzoleum sułtana Awgana w Kasimowie (1649–1658) zostało wybudowane przez mistrzów z Riazania w stylu ruskiego uzoroczia<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>. Sztuka tatarska na Krymie różni się od pozostałej sztuki tatarskiej wyraźnymi wpływami osmańskimi. Do głównych zabytków krymskotatarskich należą m.in. ruiny Meczetu Bejbarsa w Starym Krymie (1288), meczet chana Uzbeka w Starym Krymie (1314–1333), <a href="/wiki/Kebir_D%C5%BCami" title="Kebir Dżami">meczet Kebir Dżami</a> w Symferopolu (1502<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>), meczet <a href="/wiki/Mufti_D%C5%BCami" title="Mufti Dżami">Mufti Dżami</a> w Teodozji (1623–1630) oraz <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_chan%C3%B3w_krymskich" title="Pałac chanów krymskich">pałac chanów krymskich</a> w <a href="/wiki/Bakczysaraj" title="Bakczysaraj">Bakczysaraju</a> z XVI–XVIII wieku, będący następnie miejscem wypoczynku rodziny carskiej<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Styl_rosyjski_(XV–XVII_wiek)">Styl rosyjski (XV–XVII wiek)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Edytuj sekcję: Styl rosyjski (XV–XVII wiek)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=16" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Styl rosyjski (XV–XVII wiek)">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Cerkwie</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg/220px-The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg/330px-The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg/440px-The_Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Moskwie">Sobór Zwiastowania w Moskwie</a>, pskowscy mistrzowie (1484–1489) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dormition_Cathedral,_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg/220px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg/330px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg/440px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="3329" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Uspie%C5%84ski_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Uspieński w Moskwie">Sobór Uspieński w Moskwie</a>, Aristotele Fioravanti (1475–1495) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg/220px-MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg/330px-MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg/440px-MoscowKremlin_CathedralArchangel3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2085" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_Archanio%C5%82a_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór św. Michała Archanioła w Moskwie">Sobór św. Michała Archanioła w Moskwie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloisio_Nowy" title="Aloisio Nowy">Aloisio Nowy</a> (1505–1508) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B..jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Opieki Bogurodzicy w Aleksandrowie, <a href="/wiki/Aloisio_Nowy" title="Aloisio Nowy">Aloisio Nowy</a> (1510–1513). Pierwsza murowana cerkiew namiotowa </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG/220px-VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG/330px-VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG/440px-VysokopetrovskyMonastery_StPeter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Metropolity Piotra <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Wysoko-Pietrowski" title="Monaster Wysoko-Pietrowski">monasteru Wysoko-Pietrowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloisio_Nowy" title="Aloisio Nowy">Aloisio Nowy</a> (1514–1517). Pierwsza rotundowa świątynia wielopłatkowa w Rosji </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg/220px-Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg/330px-Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg/440px-Kolomenskoye_aerial_view-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie_(Ko%C5%82omienskoje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie (Kołomienskoje)">Cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie (Kołomienskoje)</a> (1528–1532) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:JohnBaptist-side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JohnBaptist-side.jpg/220px-JohnBaptist-side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JohnBaptist-side.jpg/330px-JohnBaptist-side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JohnBaptist-side.jpg/440px-JohnBaptist-side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Ścięcia Głowy św. Jana Chrzciciela w Diakowie (1529–1580). Jedna z dwóch zachowanych cerkwi wielokopułowych z XVI wieku </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg/220px-Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg/330px-Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg/440px-Basil-cathedral-morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wasyla_B%C5%82ogos%C5%82awionego" title="Sobór Wasyla Błogosławionego">Sobór Wasyla Błogosławionego</a> na Placu Czerwonym w Moskwie, Postnik Jakowlew (1555–1560). Jedna z dwóch zachowanych cerkwi wielokopułowych z XVI wieku. Symbol architektury rosyjskiej </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C.1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Kazaniu" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Kazaniu">Sobór Zwiastowania w Kazaniu</a>, Postnik Jakowlew i Iwan „Barma” Sziriaj (1555–1562) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg/220px-Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg/330px-Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg/440px-Transfiguration_Church_Ostrov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego w Ostrowie (2. połowa XVI wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg/220px-Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg/330px-Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg/440px-Solovetsky_Monastery.Panorama_8_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5014" data-file-height="3327" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego Monasteru Sołowieckiego (1558–1566) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_(Donskoy_Monastery)tim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg/220px-Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg/330px-Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg/440px-Small_Cathedral_of_the_Theotokos_of_the_Don_%28Donskoy_Monastery%29tim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2203" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Mały Sobór monasteru Dońskiego w Moskwie (1591–1593). Pierwsza cerkiew bezfilarowa </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg/220px-The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg/330px-The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg/440px-The_Kazan_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Kaza%C5%84skiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Moskwie">Sobór Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Moskwie</a> (lata 20.–30. XVII wieku, rekonstrukcja z lat 1990–1993) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Church_in_Nikitniki_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Moskwie_(Twierskoj)" title="Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Moskwie (Twierskoj)">Cerkiew św. Trójcy w Nikitinkach</a> (1634–1650) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg/220px-Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg/330px-Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg/440px-Church_in_Medvedkovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(Ju%C5%BCnoje_Miedwiedkowo)" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Moskwie (Jużnoje Miedwiedkowo)">Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Moskwie (Jużnoje Miedwiedkowo)</a> (1635) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Moskwie_(ul._Mosfilmowskaja)" title="Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Moskwie (ul. Mosfilmowskaja)">Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Moskwie (ul. Mosfilmowskaja)</a> (1644–1645) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/220px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/330px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/440px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3319" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na Debrie w Kostromie (1645–1651) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St_Elijah_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/St_Elijah_Church.jpg/220px-St_Elijah_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/St_Elijah_Church.jpg/330px-St_Elijah_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/St_Elijah_Church.jpg/440px-St_Elijah_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3729" data-file-height="2407" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Eliasza_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew św. Eliasza w Jarosławiu">Cerkiew św. Eliasza w Jarosławiu</a> (1647–1650) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Putinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Putinki.jpg/220px-Putinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Putinki.jpg/330px-Putinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Putinki.jpg/440px-Putinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1761" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerkiew_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(rejon_twerski)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerkiew Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Moskwie (rejon twerski) (strona nie istnieje)">Cerkiew Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Moskwie (rejon twerski)</a> (1649–1652) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow,_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Church_of_St_Nicholas_in_Khamovniki_-_Moscow%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_Cudotw%C3%B3rcy_w_Chamownikach" title="Cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Chamownikach">Cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Chamownikach</a> (lata 50. XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region,_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-New_Jerusalem_Cathedral_-_Moscow_region%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Rotunda soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego (<a href="/wiki/Nowe_Jeruzalem_(monaster)" title="Nowe Jeruzalem (monaster)">Nowe Jeruzalem</a>, 1658–1685) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg/220px-20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg/330px-20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg/440px-20140531-IMG_7721-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w <a href="/wiki/Nowe_Jeruzalem_(monaster)" title="Nowe Jeruzalem (monaster)">Nowym Jeruzalem</a> (1658–1685) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Brick_baroque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Brick_baroque.JPG/220px-Brick_baroque.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Brick_baroque.JPG/330px-Brick_baroque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Brick_baroque.JPG/440px-Brick_baroque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Jana_Chrzciciela_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w Jarosławiu">Cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w Jarosławiu</a> (1671–1687) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zwiastowania Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Tajninskoje (1675–1677) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg/220px-Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg/330px-Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg/440px-Church_in_Ostankino_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Ostankinie (1677–1692) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_(4104764543).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg/330px-Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg/440px-Moscow_Kremlin_Terem_Palace_Church_02_%284104764543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3516" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption>Kopuły soboru Wierchospaskiego Pałacu Teremnego w Moskwie, Osip Starcew (ok. 1682) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Feodorovskaya_church_(Yaroslavl).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/220px-Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/330px-Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/440px-Feodorovskaya_church_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Fiodorowskiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew Fiodorowskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Jarosławiu">Cerkiew Fiodorowskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Jarosławiu</a> (1682–1687) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_in_Pskov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Pskowie" title="Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Pskowie">Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Pskowie</a>, mistrz Kiriłł (1682–1699) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Jhon_the_Eloquent_(Yaroslavl).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/220px-Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/330px-Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg/440px-Jhon_the_Eloquent_%28Yaroslavl%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Jana Złotoustego w Jarosławiu (1690) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Antypasa z Pergamonu w Suzdalu (1745) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Dzwonnice</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg/220px-MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg/330px-MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg/440px-MoscowKremlin_IvanGreatBellTower3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1833" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dzwonnica_Iwana_Wielkiego" title="Dzwonnica Iwana Wielkiego">Dzwonnica Iwana Wielkiego</a> w Moskwie, Marco Bono (1505). Po prawej stronie tzw. „przybudówka Filareta” z 1620 roku - najstarsza zachowana dzwonnica z dachem namiotowym </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg/220px-Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg/330px-Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg/440px-Alexandrov_Kremlin_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica kremla w Aleksandrowie (po roku 1500, 1565–1570) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82,_31,_39..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG/220px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG/440px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB._%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%2C_31%2C_39..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="3043" /></a><figcaption>Wolno stojąca dzwonnica cerkwi św. Jerzego Zwycięzcy w Kołomienskoje (około 1550 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C),_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C%29%2C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Wolno stojąca dzwonnica <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Narodzenia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew Narodzenia Pańskiego w Jarosławiu">cerkwi Narodzenia Pańskiego w Jarosławiu</a> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE,_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2372" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica monasteru Trójcy Świętej Aleksandra Świrskiego (1647–1650) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG/220px-SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG/330px-SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG/440px-SavMon_ThreeChurches.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica monasteru św. Sawy Storożyńskiego w Zwienigorodzie (1654) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg/220px-Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg/330px-Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg/440px-Joosef_Volotskin_luostarin_torni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Wieża - dzwonnica „Germanowa” <a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._J%C3%B3zefa_Wo%C5%82oko%C5%82amskiego" title="Monaster św. Józefa Wołokołamskiego">monasteru św. Józefa -Wołokołamskiego</a> (XVI–XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg/220px-JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg/330px-JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg/440px-JOF040-John-Baptist-Church-Tolchkovo-Yaroslavl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2757" /></a><figcaption>Jarusnaja dzwonnica (po prawej) <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Jana_Chrzciciela_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w Jarosławiu">cerkwi św. Jana Chrzciciela w Jarosławiu</a> (1690) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg/220px-E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg/330px-E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg/440px-E7141-Balakhna-Saviour-Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica cerkwi Wszechmiłującego Zbawiciela w <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%82achna" title="Bałachna">Bałachnie</a> (1702) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Pałace i dwory</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg/220px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg/330px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg/440px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Panorama_of_the_Villages_of_Kolomenskoye_and_Dyakovo_-_1797.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Panorama carskiej rezydencji Kołomienskoje pod Moskwą w 1797 roku. Architektektura rosyjska XV–XVIII wieku. </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty carewicza Dymitra w Ugliczu (1482) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg/220px-Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg/330px-Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg/440px-Suzdal_Kremlin14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption>Pałac biskupów suzdalskich w Suzdalu (XV–XVIII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg/220px-Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg/330px-Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg/440px-Ipatios_monastery_Kostroma_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3468" data-file-height="2308" /></a><figcaption>Korpus Kelarski (<a href="/wiki/Monaster_Ipatiewski_w_Kostromie" title="Monaster Ipatiewski w Kostromie">Monaster Ipatiewski w Kostromie</a>, ok. 1600) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:N.A.Naidenov_(1884)._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png/220px-N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png/330px-N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png/440px-N.A.Naidenov_%281884%29._Views_of_Moscow._46._Varvarka.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Pałac bojarów Romanowych w Moskwie (XVI–XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_17_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Brama carskiej rezydencji w Izmajłowie (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0..jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty Pułkownikowskie i Brama Przednia w Kołomienskoje (1671–1673) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kreml-12apostel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kreml-12apostel.jpg/220px-Kreml-12apostel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kreml-12apostel.jpg/330px-Kreml-12apostel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kreml-12apostel.jpg/440px-Kreml-12apostel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Patriarchalny na kremlu w Moskwie (1635–1656, Antip Konstantinow i Bażen Ogurcow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg/220px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg/330px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg/440px-G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Terem_Palace_in_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Teremnyj w Moskwie (1635–1636) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Kremlin,_Teremnoy_Palace,_1840s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg/220px-Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg/330px-Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg/440px-Moscow_Kremlin%2C_Teremnoy_Palace%2C_1840s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Sala soborowa Pałacu Teremnego w Moskwie (1636) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/220px-Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/330px-Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/440px-Moscou_Kremlin_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Rozrywki" title="Pałac Rozrywki">Pałac Rozrywki</a> w Moskwie (1652) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg/220px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg/330px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg/440px-Drevnosti_RG_v6_ill_010a_-_Poteshny_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Niezachowana Lwia Brama Pałacu Rozrywki w Moskwie (około 1652) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Zachowany fragment Lwiej Bramy w Moskwie (około 1652) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Zvenigorod_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zvenigorod_palace.jpg/220px-Zvenigorod_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zvenigorod_palace.jpg/330px-Zvenigorod_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zvenigorod_palace.jpg/440px-Zvenigorod_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Carskie Komnaty monasteru św. Sawy Storożewskiego w Zwienigorodzie (1652–1654) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG/220px-SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG/330px-SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG/440px-SavMon_QueenChambers5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1635" /></a><figcaption>Carycyńskie Komnaty monasteru św. Sawy Storożewskiego w Zwienigorodzie (1652–1654) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0)_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%29_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Wejście do pałacu biskupów riazańskich (1653–1658) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Krutitsy_Porch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Pałac metropolitów moskiewskich Dworu Krutickiego (1655–1670) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg/220px-Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg/330px-Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg/440px-Krutitskoe_podvorie_by_shakko_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption>Tylne lica teremoka i Świętej Bramy Dworu Krutickiego w Moskwie (1693) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg/220px-Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg/330px-Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg/440px-Kazan_Kremlin_former_monastery_08-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4617" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption>Korpus Bracki monastyru Przemienienia Pańskiego w Kazaniu (lata 70. XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%95%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1955" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Dom Jerszowych w Gorochowcu (1670, arch. nieznany) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG/220px-South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG/330px-South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG/440px-South-West_Tower_of_Vologda_Archbishop_Court.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Pałac biskupi na kremlu w Wołogdzie (1671) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Biały Pałac w Rostowie (1675) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gorskii_03974u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gorskii_03974u.jpg/220px-Gorskii_03974u.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gorskii_03974u.jpg/330px-Gorskii_03974u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gorskii_03974u.jpg/440px-Gorskii_03974u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3273" data-file-height="2833" /></a><figcaption>Święta Brama cerkwi Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Kostromie (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%2C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%2C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%2C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>Dom Anny Mons w Moskwie (koniec XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg/220px-Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg/330px-Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg/440px-Oparin_House_%26_Blagoveshchensky_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption>Dom Oparinów w Gorochowcu (koniec XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG/220px-NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG/330px-NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG/440px-NovodevichyConvent_MariaChamber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="2297" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty Maryjskie w monastyrze Nowodziewiczym w Moskwie (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%2C_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4111" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Gościnny na kremlu w Tobolsku (1703–1708) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ratereay_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ratereay_1.JPG/220px-Ratereay_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ratereay_1.JPG/330px-Ratereay_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ratereay_1.JPG/440px-Ratereay_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Skarbnica w Tobolsku (1714–1717, Siemion Remezow) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Kremle i twierdze</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_114.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> Mury obronne i wieże Pskowa (XIV–XVI wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Convent_of_Intercession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convent_of_Intercession.jpg/220px-Convent_of_Intercession.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convent_of_Intercession.jpg/330px-Convent_of_Intercession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convent_of_Intercession.jpg/440px-Convent_of_Intercession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1612" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Suzdalu" title="Monaster Opieki Matki Bożej w Suzdalu">Monaster Opieki Matki Bożej w Suzdalu</a> (XIV wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Suzdal_Banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Suzdal_Banner.jpg/220px-Suzdal_Banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Suzdal_Banner.jpg/330px-Suzdal_Banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Suzdal_Banner.jpg/440px-Suzdal_Banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8929" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Spaso-Jewfimiejewski_w_Suzdalu" title="Monaster Spaso-Jewfimiejewski w Suzdalu">Monaster Spaso-Jewfimiejewski w Suzdalu</a> (1352) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:KB_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/KB_08.JPG/220px-KB_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/KB_08.JPG/330px-KB_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/KB_08.JPG/440px-KB_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2461" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monastyr_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Cyryla_Bie%C5%82ozierskiego" title="Monastyr Świętego Cyryla Biełozierskiego">Monastyr Świętego Cyryla Biełozierskiego</a> (Kiriłłów, 1397–XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/220px-Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/330px-Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/440px-Historical_overlay_map_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3628" data-file-height="4220" /></a><figcaption> Plan kremla moskiewskiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg/220px-Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg/330px-Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg/440px-Taynitskaya_Tower-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption> Wieża Tajnicka (kreml moskiewski, 1485) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F)_The_Saviour_tower_(6078983317).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg/220px-Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg/330px-Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg/440px-Spaskaja_Ba%C5%A1%C5%88a_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%29_The_Saviour_tower_%286078983317%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1871" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Baszta_Spasska" title="Baszta Spasska">Baszta Spasska</a> (kreml moskiewski, 1491) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Trinitylavra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Trinitylavra.jpg/220px-Trinitylavra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Trinitylavra.jpg/330px-Trinitylavra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Trinitylavra.jpg/440px-Trinitylavra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81awra_Troicko-Siergijewska" title="Ławra Troicko-Siergijewska">Ławra Troicko-Siergijewska</a> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2389" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monastyr_So%C5%82owiecki" title="Monastyr Sołowiecki">Monastyr Sołowiecki</a> (1429–XVIII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg/220px-Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg/330px-Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg/440px-Ivangorod-2008-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption> Twierdza iwanogorodzka (1492–1558) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg/220px-Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg/330px-Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg/440px-Dmitrievskaya_Tower_of_Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1549" /></a><figcaption> Wieża Dymitrowska kremlu w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1500–1516) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg/220px-Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg/330px-Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg/440px-Moscow_July_2011-15a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2878" data-file-height="4518" /></a><figcaption> Brama Woskriesienska w Moskwie, Pietrok Mały (1535, rekonstrukcja z 1994 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg/220px-Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg/330px-Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg/440px-Kostroma-Ipatios-Kloster-03-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Ipatiewski_w_Kostromie" title="Monaster Ipatiewski w Kostromie">Monaster Ipatiewski w Kostromie</a> (XVI–XVIII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg/220px-Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg/330px-Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg/440px-Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._J%C3%B3zefa_Wo%C5%82oko%C5%82amskiego" title="Monaster św. Józefa Wołokołamskiego">Monaster św. Józefa Wołokołamskiego</a> (XV–XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption> Kreml w Smoleńsku (1595) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Simonov_1882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simonov_1882.jpg/220px-Simonov_1882.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simonov_1882.jpg/330px-Simonov_1882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Simonov_1882.jpg/440px-Simonov_1882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Simonowski" title="Monaster Simonowski">Monaster Simonowski</a> (Moskwa, 1370–lata 40. XIX wieku). Pierwsze zdjęcie monasteru z 1882 </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Simonov_Monastery_(3_of_3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg/220px-Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg/330px-Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg/440px-Simonov_Monastery_%283_of_3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption> Wieża Solna <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Simonowski" title="Monaster Simonowski">monastyru Simonowskiego</a> w Moskwie (XVI wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Fortress_Oreshek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Fortress_Oreshek.jpg/220px-Fortress_Oreshek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Fortress_Oreshek.jpg/330px-Fortress_Oreshek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Fortress_Oreshek.jpg/440px-Fortress_Oreshek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Mury i wieże twierdzy Orieszek (Szlisselburg) (1353–1758) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg/220px-Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg/330px-Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg/440px-Velikiy_Novgorod_Detinets_Kokui_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption> Wieża Kukoj na kremlu w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (XVII wiek) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Barschevsky_1952_(1889)_Murom_monastery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg/220px-Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg/330px-Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg/440px-Barschevsky_1952_%281889%29_Murom_monastery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption> Monastyr Trójcy Świętej w Muromie (1643) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg/220px-Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg/330px-Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg/440px-Red_tower_in_Zvenigorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption> Brama Piękna (<a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Sawy_Storo%C5%BCewskiego" title="Monaster św. Sawy Storożewskiego">monaster św. Sawy Storożewskiego</a>, 1650–1654) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rostov19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rostov19.jpg/220px-Rostov19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rostov19.jpg/330px-Rostov19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rostov19.jpg/440px-Rostov19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> Kreml w Rostowie (1670–1683) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG/220px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG/330px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG/440px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> Brama kremla w Rostowie. W tle cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego (1670) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG/220px-Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG/330px-Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG/440px-Kutafiya_Tower2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> Kutafija Wieża (barbakan) w Moskwie (dolne partie z roku 1516, ażurowa korona z 1685) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Tsar_Court_in_Izmailovo_-_Tower_and_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption> Wieża Mostowa (barbakan) w Izmajłowie, mistrzowie kostromscy (1671–1679) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bglebmon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bglebmon.jpg/220px-Bglebmon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bglebmon.jpg/330px-Bglebmon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bglebmon.jpg/440px-Bglebmon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption> Monaster Borysoglebski (1679) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Borisogleb-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Borisogleb-01.jpg/220px-Borisogleb-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Borisogleb-01.jpg/330px-Borisogleb-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Borisogleb-01.jpg/440px-Borisogleb-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption> Brama monasteru Borysoglebskiego (1679) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10425" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> Panorama kremla w Tobolsku (1683–1799) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W wiekach XV–XVII doszło do wykształcenia się tzw. „stylu rosyjskiego” łączącego w sobie elementy dotychczasowej sztuki staroruskiej z wpływami włoskiego renesansu, gotyku i nowymi oryginalnymi formami. Kwestia genezy stylu rosyjskiego stanowi zarazem kwestię ciągłości dziejowej, względnie stosunku, jaki zachodzi między sztuką Moskwy a sztuką Rusi Włodzimiersko-Suzdalskiej, której tradycje Moskwa przejęła i wraz z nimi – pośrednio czy też bezpośrednio – sztukę „Południa” kijowskiego oraz dalszych ośrodków, w pierwszym rzędzie Nowogrodu Wielkiego i Pskowa. Kontynuacja historyczna pozwoliła na wykształcenie się cech postrzeganych jako rodzime w architekturze moskiewskiej, która stała się wzorem budownictwa dla całej Rusi. W architekturze kamiennej nastąpiło w tym czasie wprowadzenie: świątyń namiotowych, rosyjskiego <a href="/wiki/Dach_he%C5%82mowy" title="Dach hełmowy">dachu hełmowego</a> i dachu sześcianowego, typowych do tej pory raczej dla tradycyjnej, rosyjskiej architektury drewnianej. Około 1513 roku została wzniesiona cerkiew Opieki Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w <a href="/wiki/Aleksandrow" title="Aleksandrow">Aleksandrowie</a>, będąca najstarszą rosyjską murowaną świątynią typu namiotowego. W latach 1514–1517 wzniesiono sobór Metropolity Piotra <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Wysoko-Pietrowski" title="Monaster Wysoko-Pietrowski">monasteru Wysoko-Pietrowskiego</a>, będący pierwszym przykładem centralnej, wielopłatkowej świątyni rotundowej wybudowanej na planie szeregu nachodzących na siebie półkręgów. Świątynia ta wpłynęła na wiele późniejszych budowli, np. cerkwie w stylu baroku golicyńskiego<a href="#cite_note-:5-51">[51]</a>. Cechy renesansowe wykazują np. pięciokopułowy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Uspie%C5%84ski_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Uspieński w Moskwie">sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej</a> w Moskwie odbudowany w latach 1475–1479 według projektu Aristotela Fioravantiego, <a href="/wiki/Dzwonnica_Iwana_Wielkiego" title="Dzwonnica Iwana Wielkiego">dzwonnica Iwana Wielkiego</a> (1505) Marca Bono, przebudowa pięciokopułowego <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_Archanio%C5%82a_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór św. Michała Archanioła w Moskwie">Soboru św. Michała Archanioła w Moskwie</a> (1505–1508) Aloisia Nowego, <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wasyla_B%C5%82ogos%C5%82awionego" title="Sobór Wasyla Błogosławionego">sobór Wasyla Błogosławionego</a> na <a href="/wiki/Plac_Czerwony_w_Moskwie" title="Plac Czerwony w Moskwie">Placu Czerwonym w Moskwie</a> (1555–1560) architekta Postnika Jakowlewa, <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie_(Ko%C5%82omienskoje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie (Kołomienskoje)">cerkiew Wniebowstąpienia</a> w <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82omienskoje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kołomienskoje">Kołomienskoje</a> (1535). Wybudowany pod koniec XV wieku przez pskowskich mistrzów <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Moskwie">sobór Zwiastowania w Moskwie</a> został w 1564 roku ozdobiony freskami starożytnych greckich uczonych: <a href="/wiki/Arystoteles" title="Arystoteles">Arystotelesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anaksagoras" title="Anaksagoras">Anaksagorasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaudiusz_Ptolemeusz" title="Klaudiusz Ptolemeusz">Klaudiusza Ptolemeusza</a> i <a href="/wiki/Epafrodyt" title="Epafrodyt">Epafrodyta</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>. Mały Sobór monasteru Dońskiego w Moskwie (1591) stanowi najstarszą cerkiew typu bezfilarowego w Rosji. Przykładem wyjątkowo monumentalnej architektury tego okresu była cerkiew św. Borysa i Gleba w Borysowie pod Możajskiem (1598–1603), która jednak nie została zachowana<a href="#cite_note-:5-51">[51]</a>. Nastąpił rozwój architektury świeckiej, szczególnie pałaców i kremli. Rozbudowano fortyfikacje <a href="/wiki/Kreml_moskiewski" title="Kreml moskiewski">kremla moskiewskiego</a> (1485–1495) według projektów <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Solari" title="Pietro Antonio Solari">Pietra Solariego</a> i Marca Ruffo oraz zbudowano szereg nowych kremli, m.in. Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1509), Tule (1514), Kołomnie (1525), Zarajsku (1531), Możajsku (1541), Sierpuchowie (1556) i Smoleńsku (1595). Pod kierownictwem Postnika Jakowlewa znacząco rozbudowano <a href="/wiki/Kreml_kaza%C5%84ski" title="Kreml kazański">kreml kazański</a> (większa część zabudowy z XVI wieku). Funkcje twierdzy pełniły również niektóre monastery, rzadko pogosty<a href="#cite_note-:5-51">[51]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Późny_styl_rosyjski_(XVII–XVIII_wiek)">Późny styl rosyjski (XVII–XVIII wiek)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Edytuj sekcję: Późny styl rosyjski (XVII–XVIII wiek)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=17" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Późny styl rosyjski (XVII–XVIII wiek)">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Po zakończeniu <a href="/wiki/Wielka_smuta" title="Wielka smuta">wielkiej smuty</a> (1613) w ramach stylu rosyjskiego dochodzi do kształtowania się bardzo ozdobnego nurtu w architekturze, zwanego „uzorocziem”. Przypuszcza się, że wpływ na powstanie tego nurtu miał dotychczasowy rozwój stylu rosyjskiego zmierzający w kierunku coraz większej dekoracyjności oraz pojawienie się <a href="/wiki/Manieryzm" title="Manieryzm">manieryzmu</a> w <a href="/wiki/Europa_Zachodnia" title="Europa Zachodnia">Europie Zachodniej</a>. Liczba nachodzących na siebie rzędów dekoracyjnych kokoszników wzrosła nawet do pięciu, np. w cerkwi św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Posadzie pod Kołomną (1716–1719). Wczesny etap uzoroczia bywa określany mianem stylu <a href="/wiki/Aleksy_I_Romanow" title="Aleksy I Romanow">Aleksieja Michajłowicza</a> (1645–1676), a etap późniejszy stylem <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_III_Romanow" title="Fiodor III Romanow">Fiodora Aleksiejewicza</a> (1676–1682)<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>. Do najważniejszych przykładów uzoroczia należą moskiewskie cerkwie: <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(ul._Bakuninskaja)" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Moskwie (ul. Bakuninskaja)">Opieki Matki Bożej</a> w Rubcowie (1619–1627), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Moskwie_(Twierskoj)" title="Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Moskwie (Twierskoj)">Św. Trójcy w Nikitinkach</a> (1634–1650), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_Cudotw%C3%B3rcy_w_Chamownikach" title="Cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Chamownikach">św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Chamownikach</a> (lata 50. XVII wieku) i <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(rejon_Twerski)" title="Cerkiew Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Moskwie (rejon Twerski)">Narodzenia Matki Bożej</a> w Putinkach (1649–1652). Cerkwie stołeczne stały się wzorami dla świątyń w pozostałych miastach, np. cerkwi Ikony Matki Bożej „Hodegetria” w Wiaźmie (lata 30.–50. XVII wieku), cerkwi Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Wielkim Ustiugu (1648), cerkwi Konstantyna i Heleny w Wołogdzie (1690). Z architektury świeckiej można wymienić Pałac Teremnyj w Moskwie (1635–1636, konstrukcja według projektu Aloisia da Milano z lat 1499–1508)<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. Pod koniec XVI i w XVII wieku w poszczególnych miastach rozwinęły się specyficzne odmiany stylu rosyjskiego (Jarosław, Rostów, Wołogda i inne). W latach 1660–1683 rozbudowano <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreml_rostowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreml rostowski (strona nie istnieje)">kreml rostowski</a> i wybudowano cerkwie rostowskiego monasteru Świętych Borysa i Gleba. Do przykładów jarosławskiego wariantu stylu rosyjskiego należą: rozbudowa <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Jarosławiu">soboru Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej</a> (lata 40. XVII wieku), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Eliasza_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew św. Eliasza w Jarosławiu">cerkiew św. Eliasza</a> (1647–1650) i <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Jana_Chrzciciela_w_Jaros%C5%82awiu" title="Cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela w Jarosławiu">cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela</a> (1671–1687). Cerkwie jarosławskie były wznoszone albo na planach asymetrycznych, wzbogaconych o malowane przydziały, galerie i narteksy wokół głównego czworokąta, albo na planach symetrycznych z wysokimi bębnami i wielkimi kopułami cebulowymi, które z czasem zaczęły przewyższać samą bryłę budynku<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. W I połowie XVIII wieku uzoroczie i styl rosyjski zlały się z barokiem, jednak tradycyjne formy architektoniczne były nadal, choć coraz rzadziej, stosowane na prowincji, np. dzwonnica cerkwi Wszechmiłującego Zbawiciela w <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%82achna" title="Bałachna">Bałachnie</a> (1702), cerkiew Antypasa z Pergamonu w Suzdalu z charakterystycznym dla architektury suzdalskiej wgiętym dachem namiotowym (1745) i cerkiew św. Barbary w Kitajgorodzie (1756). Tradycyjne formy architektoniczne były ponadto rozwijane w architekturze drewnianej. W XIX wieku styl rosyjski i uzoroczie stały się źródłami inspiracji dla rosyjskiej architektury eklektycznej i historystycznej, a w XX wieku dla modernizmu oraz szeroko pojętego retrospektywizmu<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architektura_nowożytna">Architektura nowożytna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura nowożytna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=18" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura nowożytna">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barok">Barok</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=19" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Architektura_barokowa_w_Rosji" title="Architektura barokowa w Rosji">Architektura barokowa w Rosji</a>.</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Cerkiewna architektura barokowa</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG/220px-%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG/330px-%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG/440px-%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80..JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Nie%C5%BCynie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nieżynie">Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nieżynie</a> (1654–1658). Pierwsza świątynia w stylu baroku kozackiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5650" data-file-height="3907" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Smole%C5%84sku" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Smoleńsku">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Smoleńsku</a>, Johann Gottfried Schädel i inni (1677–1772) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg/220px-Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg/330px-Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg/440px-Novodevichy_Convent_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Barokowa zabudowa <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Nowodziewiczy_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Nowodziewiczy w Moskwie">Monasteru Nowodziewiczego w Moskwie</a>, Jakow Buchwostow i inni (1682–1690). Barok naryszkiński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_(Novodevichy_Convent).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg/220px-The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg/330px-The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg/440px-The_South_Gate_with_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin_%28Novodevichy_Convent%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="2054" /></a><figcaption>Nadbramna cerkiew Opieki Przeświętej Bogurodzicy monasteru Nowodziewiczego w Moskwie (1683–1688) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. carewicza Joazafa Indyjskiego w Izmajłowie (1684–1687) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Riazaniu" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Riazaniu">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Riazaniu</a> (1684–1699) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_1688_-_1704_%D0%B3%D0%B3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Borysa i Gleba w Ziuzinie (1688–1704). Barok moskiewski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Dormition_on_Pokrovka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej „Na Pokrowkie” w Moskwie, Piotr Potapow (1696–1699) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_in_Fili_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2546" data-file-height="3109" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(Fili)" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Moskwie (Fili)">Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Moskwie (Fili)</a> (1690–1694). Barok naryszkiński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg/220px-TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg/330px-TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg/440px-TSLavra_NativityJohnBaptistChurch_P04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="3620" /></a><figcaption>Nadbramna cerkiew św. Jana Chrzciciela ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej (1692–1699). Barok stroganowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2963" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1696–1719). Barok stroganowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%85_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4188" data-file-height="3041" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_%E2%80%9EZnak%E2%80%9D_w_Dubrowicach" title="Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Dubrowicach">Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Dubrowicach</a> (1690–1697). Barok golicyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg/220px-Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg/330px-Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg/440px-Astrakhan_Kremlin_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_and_the_cathedral_bell_tower_with_Prechistinsky_Gate_P5090769_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Astrachaniu" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Astrachaniu">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Astrachaniu</a> (1699–1710, Dorotiej Miakiszew). Barok moskiewski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg/220px-Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg/330px-Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg/440px-Kij%C3%B3w_-_Sob%C3%B3r_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4121" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Barokowa przebudowa soboru Mądrości Bożej w Kijowie (1699–1745). Barok kozacki </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Menshikov_tower_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg/220px-Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg/330px-Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg/440px-Menshikov_tower_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wie%C5%BCa_Mienszykowa" title="Wieża Mienszykowa">Wieża Mienszykowa</a>, Iwan Zarudny (1704–1707). Barok piotrowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG/220px-PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG/330px-PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG/440px-PeterandPaulFortress2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="1265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Pietropaw%C5%82owski_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Pietropawłowski w Petersburgu">Sobór Pietropawłowski w Petersburgu</a>, Domenico Trezzini (1712–1733). Barok piotrowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_2007_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Wielkiego Pałacu w Peterhofie, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1714–1755). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG/220px-Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG/330px-Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG/440px-Kyiv_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_25.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4236" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption>Odbudowa soboru Zaśnięcia Bogurodzicy ławry Peczerskiej z 1729 roku w stylu baroku kozackiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg/220px-Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg/330px-Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg/440px-Smolny_Cathedral_SPB_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monaster_Smolny" title="Monaster Smolny">Monaster Smolny</a> w Petersburgu, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1751–1835). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg/220px-Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg/330px-Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg/440px-Magic_Sankt_Petersburg_-_Puschkin_-_Katharina%27s_Palace_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Jezusa Chrystusa Wielkiego Pałacu Jekateryńskiego w Carskim Siole, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1752–1756). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St.Nicholas7471.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/St.Nicholas7471.jpg/220px-St.Nicholas7471.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/St.Nicholas7471.jpg/330px-St.Nicholas7471.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/St.Nicholas7471.jpg/440px-St.Nicholas7471.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_i_Objawienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja i Objawienia Pańskiego w Petersburgu">Sobór św. Mikołaja i Objawienia Pańskiego w Petersburgu</a> (1753–1762). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Odbudowa kopuły Soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Nowym Jeruzalem (1756–1759) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Saint_Clement,_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG/220px-Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG/330px-Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG/440px-Church_of_Saint_Clement%2C_the_Pope_of_Rome_5467.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Klemensa_w_Moskwie" title="Cerkiew św. Klemensa w Moskwie">Cerkiew św. Klemensa w Moskwie</a>, Pietro Antonio Trezzini (1720–1762) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0,%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C,%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Zaśnięcia Przeświętej Bogurodzicy na kremlu w Tule (1762–1766). Późny barok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_AndrewCathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="2618" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Andrzeja Apostoła w Petersburgu, Aleksandr Wist (1764–1780). Późny barok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_-_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3721" data-file-height="2538" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Św. Trójcy w Nowomoskowsku (1775–1778). Barok kozacki </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg/220px-Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg/330px-Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg/440px-Irkoutsk_%C3%89glise_de_Notre_Sauveur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zbawiciela_w_Irkucku" title="Cerkiew Zbawiciela w Irkucku">Cerkiew Zbawiciela w Irkucku</a>, Moisej Dołgich (1706–1710). Pierwsza świątynia w stylu baroku syberyjskiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="2986" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego w Niżnej Siniaczichie (1794–1823). Barok syberyjski </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Świecka architektura barokowa</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg/220px-Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg/330px-Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg/440px-Suharev_Tower_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1229" /></a><figcaption>Wieża Sucharewa w Moskwie, Michaił Czogłokow (1692–1695) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,21,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85,_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80.%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C21%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%2C_16.10.2011_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption>Przebudowa pałacu Wołkowów-Jusupowów w Moskwie z lat 80. XVII wieku. Pierwszy pałac barokowy w Rosji </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG/220px-TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG/330px-TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG/440px-TSLavra_RoyalPalace_0864.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3719" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Fragment fasady pałacu carskiego ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej (koniec XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peter_and_Paul_Fortress_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6723" data-file-height="3847" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Twierdza_Petropaw%C5%82owska" class="mw-redirect" title="Twierdza Petropawłowska">Twierdza Petropawłowska</a> w Petersburgu (1703). Barok piotrowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg/220px-Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg/330px-Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg/440px-Kunstkamera_SPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption>Kunstkamera w Petersburgu, Georg Johann Mattarnovi i inni (1718–1734) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Menszikowa w Oranienbaumie, Giovanni Maria Fontana (1710–1720). Barok piotrowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Konstantinowski w Strelnie, Nicola Michetti, Jean-Baptiste Le Blond (1720–1803). Barok piotrowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg/220px-Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg/330px-Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg/440px-Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Letni_w_Petersburgu" title="Pałac Letni w Petersburgu">Pałac Letni w Petersburgu</a> (niezachowany), Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1741-1744). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Anichkov_fontanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anichkov_fontanka.jpg/220px-Anichkov_fontanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anichkov_fontanka.jpg/330px-Anichkov_fontanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anichkov_fontanka.jpg/440px-Anichkov_fontanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Anczikowa w Petersburgu, Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1741–1753). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg/220px-Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg/330px-Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg/440px-Hermitage_pavilion_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Mały Ermitaż, Michaił Zemcow, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (Carskie Sioło, 1744–1754) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/220px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/330px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg/440px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Zimowy" title="Pałac Zimowy">Pałac Zimowy</a> w Petersburgu, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1757–1762). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Johrdan_staircase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Johrdan_staircase.jpg/220px-Johrdan_staircase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Johrdan_staircase.jpg/330px-Johrdan_staircase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Johrdan_staircase.jpg/440px-Johrdan_staircase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="1474" /></a><figcaption>Schody Jordanowskie w Pałacu Zimowym w Petersburgu, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> i inni. Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/220px-Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/330px-Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/440px-Catherine_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Pałac Jekateryński w Carskim Siole, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1752–1756). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_(autochrome).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg/220px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg/330px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg/440px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Amber_Room_2_%28autochrome%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bursztynowa_Komnata" title="Bursztynowa Komnata">Bursztynowa Komnata</a> Wielkiego Pałacu Jekateryńskiego w Carskim Siole, Andreas Schlüter i inni (1701–1743) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg/220px-Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg/330px-Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg/440px-Catherine_palace_ballroom_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sala balowa Wielkiego Pałacu Jekateryńskiego w Carskim Siole, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1752–1756). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/220px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/330px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/440px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Pałac w Peterhofie, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1714–1755). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Carski Pałac Maryjski w Kijowie, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> i Iwan Miczurin (1744–1752) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg/220px-2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg/330px-2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg/440px-2014._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Dacza Woroncowa „Nowoznamienka” w Petersburgu, Antonio Rinaldi (około 1750–1760). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexandriysky_Palace_(Moscow).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg/220px-Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg/330px-Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg/440px-Alexandriysky_Palace_%28Moscow%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Trubeckich w Nieskucznoje, Dmitrij Uchtomski (około 1750–1760) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Gribojedowych w Chmielicie (około 1750–1775). Barok jelizawetyński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Krasnye_vorota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Krasnye_vorota.jpg/220px-Krasnye_vorota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Krasnye_vorota.jpg/330px-Krasnye_vorota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Krasnye_vorota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Brama Czerwona w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Uchtomski" title="Dmitrij Uchtomski">Dmitrij Uchtomski</a> (1753–1757) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif/330px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif/440px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.gif 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Plan Pałacu Piotra I w Oranienbaumie, Antonio Rinaldi (1758–1762). Rokoko </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg/220px-Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg/330px-Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg/440px-Chinese_Palace_in_Oranienbaum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Chiński w Oranienbaumie, Antonio Rinaldi (1762–1768). Rokoko i chinoiserie </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%94%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A6._%D0%97%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%99_%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze Pałacu Chińskiego w Oranienbaumie, Antonio Rinaldi (1762–1768). Rokoko </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5163" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Carski pałac podróżny w Twerze, Piotr Nikitin (1764–1766). Barok i klasycyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gau1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gau1878.jpg/220px-Gau1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gau1878.jpg/330px-Gau1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gau1878.jpg/440px-Gau1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Toaleta Wielkiego Pałacu w Gatczynie, Antonio Rinaldi (1770–1781). Rokoko </figcaption></figure></div></div> Od lat 80. XVII wieku do lat 60. XVIII wieku panował <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barok</a>, który był zarazem pierwszym stylem zachodnioeuropejskim dominującym w sztuce rosyjskiej. Sztuka barokowa w Rosji była wolna od egzaltacji i mistycyzmu charakterystycznych dla krajów katolickich i wykazywała wiele specyficznych cech narodowych, wynikających z poczucia dumy z sukcesów państwa i narodu rosyjskiego<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>. Pierwsze wpływy baroku na terenie dzisiejszej Rosji można dostrzec już w I. połowie XVII wieku, np. niezachowany drewniany kościół św. Trójcy w Siebieżu (1625) i kościół w Trubczesku (1640–1645) w stylu baroku polskiego. Za jedną z pierwszych w całości barokowych świątyń w Moskwie uważa się niezachowaną cerkiew carewicza Joazafa Indyjskiego (1684–1687), wybudowaną na planie „ośmiokąt na czworokącie”. Barok rosyjski charakteryzował się silnym zróżnicowaniem i można go podzielić na kilka nurtów i etapów: moskiewski (w tym nurty naryszkiński, stroganowski i golicyński), kozacki (ukraiński), piotrowski, jelizawetyński, syberyjski oraz rokoko. Lokalne formy barokowe były rozwijane ponadto w: <a href="/wiki/Totma" class="mw-redirect" title="Totma">Totmie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wielki_Ustiug" title="Wielki Ustiug">Wielkim Ustiugu</a>, ziemi wiackiej i na <a href="/wiki/Ural" title="Ural">Uralu</a><a href="#cite_note-:442-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a>. Mimo dominacji baroku, na prowincji nadal była rozwijana architektura ruska w stylu XVII wieku, opierająca się na dawnych wzorach moskiewskich i lokalnych<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barok_kozacki_(ukraiński)">Barok kozacki (ukraiński)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok kozacki (ukraiński)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=20" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok kozacki (ukraiński)">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Uformowany w połowie XVII wieku barok ukraiński wynikał poniekąd z prób nawiązania do tradycyjnej, prawosławnej sztuki ruskiej, jednak w znacznej mierze ulegał wpływom architektury zachodniej. Barok kozacki był rozwijany w Rosji od zawarcia <a href="/wiki/Ugoda_perejas%C5%82awska" title="Ugoda perejasławska">ugody perejasławskiej</a> (1654), głównie na terenach osadnictwa kozackiego, przede wszystkim w <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82orosja" title="Małorosja">Małorosji</a> i sąsiednich krainach, na Syberii i okazjonalnie w wielkich miastach, np. Moskwie. W stylu baroku kozackiego nie powstało wprawdzie żadne dzieło o przełomowym znaczeniu artystycznym, wywarł on jednak istotny wpływ na barok moskiewski, gdzie powstało wiele budynków znacznie oryginalniejszych<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. Między nową architekturą ukraińską z XVII wieku a budownictwem staroruskim brakowało ciągłości rozwojowej. Najstarsze zachowane drewniane cerkwie ukraińskie zostały wybudowane już w okresie baroku. Murowane, barokowe cerkwie kozackie można podzielić na dwie grupy. W pierwszej z nich typy o tradycyjnym założeniu rusko-bizantyńskim (pięciokopułowe lub tylko krzyżowo-kopułowe) otrzymały zewnętrzną powłokę barokową. Grupę drugą stanowią natomiast po prostu zachodnie, bazylikalne kościoły, dostosowane do potrzeb kultu wschodniego. Do najważniejszych przykładów pierwszego typu należy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Nie%C5%BCynie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nieżynie">sobór św. Mikołaja w Nieżynie</a> (1654–1658). W stylu baroku kozackiego powstały na terenie dzisiejszej Rosji m.in. sobór Narodzenia Jezusa Chrystusa w Starodubie (1677), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Kaza%C5%84skiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie_(Jasieniewo)" title="Cerkiew Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Moskwie (Jasieniewo)">cerkiew Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Moskwie</a> (1698) i sobór Trójcy Świętej w Tiumeniu (ok. 1710)<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barok_moskiewski">Barok moskiewski</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok moskiewski" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=21" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok moskiewski">edytuj kod</a>]</div> W latach 1682–1713 pojawił się moskiewski styl naryszkiński, stanowiący etap przejściowy od architektury rosyjskiej XVII wieku do dojrzałego baroku<a href="#cite_note-:502-55">[55]</a>. Nazwa stylu pochodzi od kniaziów Naryszkinów. W okresie tym specyficzne, dekoracyjne elementy barokowe zaczęły przeważać nad elementami staroruskimi, jednak nie zastąpiły ich całkowicie. W konstrukcji budynków wiele elementów typowo rosyjskich również uległo zachowaniu. Barok moskiewski pozostawał pod wpływem baroku ukraińskiego, w mniejszym stopniu baroku polskiego, sarmackiego i <a href="/wiki/Barok_wile%C5%84ski" title="Barok wileński">wileńskiego</a><a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>. Do kluczowych budowli naryszkińskich należą: zabudowa <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Nowodziewiczy_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Nowodziewiczy w Moskwie">monasteru Nowodziewiczego</a> z lat 1682–1688, sobór Borysa i Gleba w Riazaniu (1686, arch. Jakow Buchwostow) i <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie_(Jakimanka)" title="Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Moskwie (Jakimanka)">cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Moskwie</a> (1687, arch. Siergiej Turczaninow). Do najznaczniejszych przykładów architektury świeckiej należy niezachowana wieża Sucharewa w Moskwie (1692–1695), w której mieściło się m.in. drugie najstarsze (po archangielskim) obserwatorium astronomiczne w Rosji, gmach Akademii Słowiano-Greko-Łacińskiej w Moskwie (1687) i gmach Prikazu Ziemskiego na Placu Czerwonym w Moskwie (około 1700)<a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>. Barok stroganowski (1688–1712) stanowił konserwatywny nurt w ramach moskiewskiego baroku, typowy dla rosyjskiej prowincji. Nazwa stylu pochodzi od fundatorów, kupców <a href="/wiki/Stroganowowie" title="Stroganowowie">Stroganowowych</a>. Głównymi przykładami stylu stroganowskiego są cztery świątynie prawosławne w <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%BCny_Nowogr%C3%B3d" title="Niżny Nowogród">Niżnym Nowogrodzie</a> i na <a href="/wiki/Rosyjska_P%C3%B3%C5%82noc" title="Rosyjska Północ">Rosyjskiej Północy</a>, m.in. <a href="/wiki/Monaster_Wprowadzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_do_%C5%9Awi%C4%85tyni_w_Solwyczegodzku" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaster Wprowadzenia Matki Bożej do Świątyni w Solwyczegodzku">monaster Wprowadzenia Matki Bożej do Świątyni w Solwyczegodzku</a> z soborem tego samego wezwania (ok. 1680–1697). Wpływ stylu stroganowskiego jest widoczny również w szeregu kolejnych budowli w Moskwie i na prowincji<a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>. Barok golicyński (1690–1714) stanowił najbardziej radykalny nurt w ramach baroku moskiewskiego, całkowicie odrzucający wszelkie elementy tradycyjnej architektury rosyjskiej. Do najznaczniejszych przykładów stylu golicyńskiego należą budynki zaprojektowane na zamówienie kniaziów <a href="/wiki/Golicynowie" title="Golicynowie">Golicynów</a> (od których pochodzi nazwa stylu): <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_%E2%80%9EZnak%E2%80%9D_w_Dubrowicach" title="Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Dubrowicach">cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Dubrowicach</a> (1690–1697), cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Podmokłowie (1714–1722) i pałac Golicynów w Ochotnom Rjadzie (lata 80. XVII wieku)<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barok_syberyjski_i_inne_lokalne_formy">Barok syberyjski i inne lokalne formy</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok syberyjski i inne lokalne formy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=22" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok syberyjski i inne lokalne formy">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: left; clear: left; text-align: center; margin-right: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Typy okien i portali w XVII–XIX wiekach</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg/220px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg/330px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg/440px-Muscovite_Window_and_Portals_17th_century_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG/220px-VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG/330px-VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG/440px-VNovgorod_VyazhishchskyMon_5893.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="2875" /></a><figcaption>Obramowanie okna soboru św. Mikołaja w Wiażyszczach (ok. 1730) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena,_interior_-_New_Jerusalem,_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Church_of_Constantine_and_Helena%2C_interior_-_New_Jerusalem%2C_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze cerkwi w Nowym Jeruzalem </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg/220px-Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg/330px-Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg/440px-Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Irkucku_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption>Portal cerkwi Trójcy Świętej w Irkucku (około 1763–1775) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG/220px-Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG/330px-Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG/440px-Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3382" data-file-height="2344" /></a><figcaption>Fragment lica cerkwi Podwyższenia Krzyża Pańskiego w Irkucku (1747–1760). Barok syberyjski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Saint_Michael_(Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda)_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg/220px-Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg/330px-Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg/440px-Church_of_Saint_Michael_%28Mikhailovskaya_Sloboda%29_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Obramowanie okna w cerkwi św. Michała Archanioła w Michajłowskiej Słobodzie (ok. 1830) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Lokalne formy barokowe były rozwijane na Syberii, w Totmie, Wielkim Ustiugu, ziemi wiackiej i na Uralu (tzw. „cerkwie pochodjaszynskie”). Barok syberyjski charakteryzował się szczególnie bogatą dekoracyjnością, rozwinięciem tradycji uzoroczia, baroku moskiewskiego i kozackiego, wpływami sztuki azjatyckiej, szczególnie <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_buddyjska" title="Sztuka buddyjska">buddyjskiej</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sztuka_chi%C5%84ska" title="Sztuka chińska">chińskiej</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a>. Do najstarszych przykładów baroku syberyjskiego należą <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zbawiciela_w_Irkucku" title="Cerkiew Zbawiciela w Irkucku">cerkiew Zbawiciela w Irkucku</a> (1706–1710)<a href="#cite_note-:12-65">[65]</a> i cerkiew Zbawiciela w Tobolsku (1709–1713)<a href="#cite_note-:12-65">[65]</a>. Za wzorcowy przykład baroku syberyjskiego uważana jest <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Podwy%C5%BCszenia_Krzy%C5%BCa_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Irkucku" title="Cerkiew Podwyższenia Krzyża Pańskiego w Irkucku">Cerkiew Podwyższenia Krzyża Pańskiego w Irkucku</a> (1747–1758)<a href="#cite_note-:442-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>. Głównymi przykładami lokalnego stylu barokowego z Totmy są cerkiew Narodzenia Jezusa Chrystusa (1746–1793) i cerkiew Wjazdu Pańskiego do Jerozolimy (1794). Oprócz wyżej wymienionych można jeszcze wydzielić inne grupy budynków: świątynie Prozorowskich, np. cerkiew Borysa i Gleba w Ziuzinie (1688–1704), cerkwie basztowe Jakowa Buchwostowa i pokrewne budynki, np. mury i brama wjazdowa z cerkwią nadbramną Wjazdu Chrystusa do Jerozolimy w <a href="/wiki/Nowe_Jeruzalem_(monaster)" title="Nowe Jeruzalem (monaster)">Nowym Jeruzalem</a> (1690–1697). Architektura barokowa promieniowała również na budownictwo mniejszości religijnych. Najstarsze zachowane meczety tatarskie z XVIII wieku wykazują cechy rosyjskiego baroku (np. kazańskie meczety Junusowski z lat 1766–1770 i Apanajewski z lat 1768–1771)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barok_piotrowski">Barok piotrowski</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok piotrowski" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=23" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok piotrowski">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Barok piotrowski (od 1697 roku do lat 30. XVIII wieku) powstał pod wpływem indywidualnych stylów architektów zachodnioeuropejskich, sprowadzonych przez cara Piotra I Wielkiego w celu budowy nowej stolicy kraju – <a href="/wiki/Petersburg" title="Petersburg">Petersburga</a>. Do głównych artystów zagranicznych należeli: <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Trezzini" title="Domenico Trezzini">Domenico Trezzini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Le_Blond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Le Blond (strona nie istnieje)">Jean-Baptiste Le Blond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Andreas Schlüter">Andreas Schlüter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Maria_Fontana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Maria Fontana (strona nie istnieje)">Giovanni Maria Fontana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Michetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicola Michetti (strona nie istnieje)">Nicola Michetti</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Johann_Mattarnovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Johann Mattarnovi (strona nie istnieje)">Gieorg Johann Mattarnovi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">Vojeslav Molè</a> zauważa, że wśród przybyszów z obcych krajów było wprawdzie dużo takich, których twórczość nie nasiąkła treścią rosyjską, skutkiem czego pozostała dla rozwoju sztuki rosyjskiej bez znaczenia; ale więksi, o wiele ważniejsi pośród nich są ci, których twórczość zrosła się tak całkowicie z rzeczywistością Rosji, że sama stała się po prostu rosyjską<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>. Spośród rodzimych przedstawicieli baroku piotrowskiego wyróżnia się <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Ziemcow" title="Michaił Ziemcow">Michaił Zemcow</a>. Styl piotrowski odznacza się wpływami francuskiego klasycyzmu i gotyku. Do głównych przykładów należą: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunstkamera_w_Petersburgu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunstkamera w Petersburgu (strona nie istnieje)">Kunstkamera w Petersburgu</a> (1718–1734), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Pietropaw%C5%82owski_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Pietropawłowski w Petersburgu">Sobór Pietropawłowski w Petersburgu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Mienszykowa" title="Pałac Mienszykowa">pałac Mienszykowa</a> w Petersburgu (1710–1720) i pałac Mienszykowa w Oranienbaumie (1710–1720)<a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barok_jelizawetyński">Barok jelizawetyński</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Edytuj sekcję: Barok jelizawetyński" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=24" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Barok jelizawetyński">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Barok jelizawetyński (od lat 30. do lat 60. XVIII wieku) stanowił połączenie baroku moskiewskiego i piotrowskiego z północnowłoskimi wzorami architektury. Do głównych przedstawicieli tego stylu należeli: <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Antonio_Trezzini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Antonio Trezzini (strona nie istnieje)">Pietro Antonio Trezzini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Johann_Sch%C3%A4del&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Johann Schädel (strona nie istnieje)">Gottfried Johann Schädel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Uchtomski" title="Dmitrij Uchtomski">Dimitrij Uchtomski</a>, Iwan Miczurin, Fiodor Argunow, <a href="/wiki/Sawwa_Czewakinski" title="Sawwa Czewakinski">Sawwa Czewakinski</a> i Andriej Krasow. Styl ten objął swym zasięgiem zarówno Petersburg i Moskwę, jak i wiele miast prowincjonalnych (np. <a href="/wiki/Chark%C3%B3w" title="Charków">Charków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_(Rosja)" title="Jarosław (Rosja)">Jarosław</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kij%C3%B3w" title="Kijów">Kijów</a>). Za przykłady mogą posłużyć: <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Zimowy" title="Pałac Zimowy">Pałac Zimowy</a> w Petersburgu, Wielki Pałac Jekateryński w <a href="/wiki/Carskie_Sio%C5%82o" title="Carskie Sioło">Carskim Siole</a>, Wielki Pałac w <a href="/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof">Peterhofie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Klemensa_w_Moskwie" title="Cerkiew św. Klemensa w Moskwie">Cerkiew św. Klemensa w Moskwie</a> (barokowa przebudowa w latach 1730 i 1756)<a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rokoko">Rokoko</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Edytuj sekcję: Rokoko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=25" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Rokoko">edytuj kod</a>]</div> W połowie XVIII wieku doszło do nasilenia się w Rosji trendu <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">rokoka</a> w sztuce, głównie pod wpływem takich artystów jak <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rinaldi" title="Antonio Rinaldi">Antonio Rinaldi</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_Falconet" title="Étienne Maurice Falconet">Étienne Maurice Falconet</a>. Do jedynych w całości rokokowych budynków na terenie dzisiejszej Rosji należą Pałac Piotra I (1758–1762) i Pałac Chiński (1762–1768) w Oranienbaumie zaprojektowane przez Rinaldiego. Pojawiły się również rokokowe dekoracje pałacowych lic i wnętrz B. Rastrelliego oraz sztukaterie Sawwy Czewakinskiego. Z tego okresu pochodzą m.in. rokokowe wnętrza Wielkiego Pałacu w <a href="/wiki/Gatczyna" title="Gatczyna">Gatczynie</a><a href="#cite_note-:422-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Klasycyzm">Klasycyzm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Edytuj sekcję: Klasycyzm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=26" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Klasycyzm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Cerkiewna architektura klasycystyczna</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_(Gorskii_03973).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg/220px-The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg/330px-The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg/440px-The_Monastery_of_St._Nil_on_Stolobnyi_Island_in_Lake_Seliger_in_Tver_Province_%28Gorskii_03973%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3342" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pustelnia_Ni%C5%82owo-Sto%C5%82obie%C5%84ska" title="Pustelnia Niłowo-Stołobieńska">Pustelnia Niłowo-Stołobieńska</a> (większa część zabudowy z XIX wieku). Różne style z przewagą klasycyzmu </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Russia-Sergiev_Posad-Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra-Duck_Tower-3_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="1095" /></a><figcaption>Kacza Wieża ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Post" title="Pieter Post">Pieter Post</a> (koniec XVII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2617" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_W%C5%82odzimierskiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Włodzimierskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Petersburgu">Sobór Włodzimierskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Petersburgu</a> (1761–1769). Klasycyzm i późny barok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_0033_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2281" data-file-height="3121" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Katarzyny_w_Kingiseppie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobór św. Katarzyny w Kingiseppie (strona nie istnieje)">Sobór św. Katarzyny w Jamburgu</a>, A. Rinaldi (1764–1782). Klasycyzm i późny barok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_PrinceVladimirCathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Petersburgu">Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Petersburgu</a>, A. Rinaldi, I. Starow (1766–1789) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg/220px-Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg/330px-Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg/440px-Rostov_SpasoYakovlevskyMon_S73.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption>Brama i wieże monasteru św. Jakuba Rostowskiego nad jeziorem Nero (2. połowa XVIII wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="4023" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Petersburgu_(%C5%81awra_Aleksandra_Newskiego)" title="Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Petersburgu (Ławra Aleksandra Newskiego)">Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Petersburgu (Ławra Aleksandra Newskiego)</a>, Iwan Starow (1776–1790) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG/220px-Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG/330px-Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG/440px-Moscow%2C_Gilyarovskogo_35_Aug_2009_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Filipa_Metropolity_Moskiewskiego_w_Moskwie_(Mieszczanskij)" title="Cerkiew św. Filipa Metropolity Moskiewskiego w Moskwie (Mieszczanskij)">Cerkiew św. Filipa Metropolity Moskiewskiego w Moskwie (Mieszczanskij)</a>, Matwiej Kazakow (1777–1788) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_(Yaropolets)_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Theotokos_of_Kazan_%28Yaropolets%29_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Jaropołcu, Zachar Czernyszew i inni (1780–1798) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg/220px-Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg/330px-Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg/440px-Moscow_Church_of_St_Martin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1961" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Marcina Spowiednika w Moskwie, Radion Kozakow (1791–1806) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/220px-Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/330px-Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/440px-Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="3390" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Kaza%C5%84skiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Petersburgu">Sobór Kazański</a> w Petersburgu, Andriej Worochin (1801–1811). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg/220px-Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg/330px-Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg/440px-Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Izaaka" title="Sobór św. Izaaka">Sobór św. Izaaka</a> w Petersburgu, Auguste de Montferrand (1819–1858). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Izmajłowski <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_Tr%C3%B3jcy_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Świętej Trójcy w Petersburgu">sobór Świętej Trójcy w Petersburgu</a>, Wasilij Stasow (1828–1835). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Yelokhovo_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Objawienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Objawienia Pańskiego w Moskwie">Sobór Objawienia Pańskiego w Moskwie</a>, Jewgraf Tiurin (1835–1845). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9,_1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3313" data-file-height="2170" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Katarzyny_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościół św. Katarzyny w Sankt Petersburgu">Kościół św. Katarzyny w Sankt Petersburgu</a>, Pietro Trezzini, Jean-Baptiste de la Mothe (1738–1783) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Budynki użyteczności publicznej</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg/220px-Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg/330px-Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg/440px-Imperial_Academy_of_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akademia_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_w_Petersburgu" title="Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu">Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu</a>, A. Kokorinow (1764–1788) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg/330px-Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg/440px-Kremlin_Senate-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Senacki na kremlu moskiewskim, Matwiej Kazakow (1776–1787) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg/220px-Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg/330px-Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg/440px-Moscow_05-2012_Mokhovaya_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4226" data-file-height="2117" /></a><figcaption>Stary gmach Uniwersytetu Moskiewskiego, Matwiej Kazakow (1782–1793) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Pierwotny wygląd gmachu Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk w Petersburgu, Giacomo Quarenghi (1783–1789, w XIX wieku przebudowana) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg/220px-Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg/330px-Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg/440px-Cameron_gallery_in_Tsarskoe_Selo_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>Galeria w Carskim Siole, Charles Cameron (1784–1787). Palladianizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Agaterooms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Agaterooms.jpg/220px-Agaterooms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Agaterooms.jpg/330px-Agaterooms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Agaterooms.jpg/440px-Agaterooms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Agatowe komnaty Zimnej Bani w Carskim Siole (lata 80. XVIII wieku, Charles Cameron) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg/220px-Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg/330px-Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg/440px-Raphael_Loggias_Hermitage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Loggia Rafaelska w Starym Ermitażu w Petersburgu, Giacomo Quarenghi (1787–1792) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg/220px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg/330px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg/440px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_108.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption>Cesarska Biblioteka Publiczna w Petersburgu, Jegor Sokołow (1796–1801) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gruzino2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gruzino2.jpg/220px-Gruzino2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gruzino2.jpg/330px-Gruzino2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gruzino2.jpg/440px-Gruzino2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3845" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption>Przystań w Gruzino, Fiodor Demiercow (1799–1815) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/330px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/440px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>Stajnie pałacowe w Kuźminkach, Domenico Gilardi (1805–1823) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg/220px-Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg/330px-Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg/440px-Vasilievsky_Island_SPb_000000235_1_m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Instytut Górniczy w Petersburgu, Andriej Woronichin (1806–1811) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sthotoshnikov,_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sthotoshnikov%2C_Chesky_-_View_of_Bourse_from_Bolshaya_Neva_1810s_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Cypel Wyspy Wasilewskiej w Petersburgu (1805–1816) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg/220px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg/330px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg/440px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_187.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Budynek_Gie%C5%82dy_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Budynek Giełdy w Sankt Petersburgu">Budynek Giełdy w Sankt Petersburgu</a> (1805–1816) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Quarenghi_smolny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Quarenghi_smolny.jpg/220px-Quarenghi_smolny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Quarenghi_smolny.jpg/330px-Quarenghi_smolny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Quarenghi_smolny.jpg/440px-Quarenghi_smolny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Instytut_Smolny" title="Instytut Smolny">Instytut Smolny</a> w Petersburgu, Giacomo Quarenghi (1806) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Admiralty_SPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Admiralty_SPB.jpg/220px-Admiralty_SPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Admiralty_SPB.jpg/330px-Admiralty_SPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Admiralty_SPB.jpg/440px-Admiralty_SPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2775" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Admiralicja_(Petersburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralicja (Petersburg)">Admiralicja</a> w Petersburgu (1806–1823, Iwan Korobow). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4321" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Galeria Pietra Gonzagi w Pawłowsku (1807) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/220px-Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/330px-Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/440px-Western_Military_District_buildins_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6500" data-file-height="4338" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Budynek_Sztabu_Generalnego_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Budynek Sztabu Generalnego w Sankt Petersburgu">Sztab Generalny w Petersburgu</a>, Carlo Rossi (1819–1828). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/220px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/330px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg/440px-Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6728" data-file-height="5598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teatr_Bolszoj" title="Teatr Bolszoj">Teatr Bolszoj</a> w Moskwie, Osip Bowe, Alberto Cavos (1821–1856) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg/220px-Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg/330px-Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg/440px-Alexandrinsky_theatre-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Aleksandryjski w Petersburgu, Carlo Rossi (1828–1832). Empire </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG/220px-Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG/330px-Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG/440px-Admiralty_Embankment_IMG_2918.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Gmach Senatu i Synodu w Petersburgu, Carlo Rossi (1829–1834) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg/220px-Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg/330px-Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg/440px-Pulkovo_observatory_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Obserwatorium astronomiczne w Pułkowie (1835–1839, Aleksandr Briułłow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg/220px-Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg/330px-Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg/440px-Narva_Triumphal_Arch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption>Narwski łuk triumfalny w Petersburgu (1827–1834, Wasilij Stasow i inni) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg/220px-Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg/330px-Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg/440px-Tverskaya_Zastava_and_Triumphal_Gate_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1118" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Łuk triumfalny w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bov%C3%A9" title="Joseph Bové">Joseph Bové</a> (1829–1834) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Atlant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Atlant.jpg/220px-Atlant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Atlant.jpg/330px-Atlant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Atlant.jpg/440px-Atlant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4762" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption>Portyk Nowego Ermitażu w Petersburgu, Leo von Klenze, Aleksandr Trebieniew (1842–1851). Styl neogrecki </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg/220px-Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg/330px-Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg/440px-Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muzeum_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_im._Puszkina_w_Moskwie" title="Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie">Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie</a> (1898–1912) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Od 1762 roku do lat 30. XIX wieku dominował <a href="/wiki/Klasycyzm" title="Klasycyzm">klasycyzm</a>, który w 1824 roku stał się pierwszym stylem oficjalnym w historii Rosji<a href="#cite_note-:6-71">[71]</a>. W ramach klasycyzmu były rozwijane m.in. <a href="/wiki/Palladianizm" title="Palladianizm">palladianizm</a> (lata 1780–1820 oraz przełom XIX i XX wieku), <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a> (lata 20.–40. XIX wieku) oraz styl neogrecki (lata 60.–90. XIX wieku). Od początku XIX wieku do Rosji przenikał także z Zachodu neoklasycyzm, szczególnie niemiecki. Ze względu na specyfikę rozwoju sztuki w Rosji, rozdzielenie klasycyzmu od neoklasycyzmu nastręcza trudności i bywa różnie tłumaczone. Mimo znacznej popularności klasycyzm nie zastąpił całkowicie architektury barokowej, która była nadal rozwijana na prowincji do początku XIX wieku (Syberia, Ukraina, Ural). Równolegle były rozwijane również inne style, np. historyzm i eklektyzm. Okres dominacji klasycyzmu wiązał się z dalszym gwałtownym rozwojem sztuki zapoczątkowanym w okresie baroku<a href="#cite_note-:43-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. W 1820 roku utworzono Cesarskie Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu, w 1825 roku rozpoczęła w Moskwie działalność „<a href="/wiki/Moskiewski_Pa%C5%84stwowy_Artystyczno-Przemys%C5%82owy_Uniwersytet_imienia_S.G._Stroganowa" title="Moskiewski Państwowy Artystyczno-Przemysłowy Uniwersytet imienia S.G. Stroganowa">Stroganowka</a>”, a w latach 1832–1843 powstała <a href="/wiki/Moskiewska_Szko%C5%82a_Malarstwa,_Rze%C5%BAby_i_Architektury" title="Moskiewska Szkoła Malarstwa, Rzeźby i Architektury">Szkoła Malarstwa i Rzeźby Moskiewskiego Towarzystwa Artystycznego</a><a href="#cite_note-:34-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-:35-75">[75]</a>. Pierwsze, odosobnione przykłady klasycyzmu pojawiły się w Rosji już pod koniec XVII wieku, np. Kacza Wieża ławry Troicko-Siergijewskiej, wykonana według projektu holenderskiego architekta <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Post" title="Pieter Post">Pietera Posta</a>. W połowie XVIII wieku pojawiła się architektura przejściowa, łącząca w sobie zarówno elementy barokowe, jak i klasycystyczne, np. katolicki <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Katarzyny_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościół św. Katarzyny w Sankt Petersburgu">kościół św. Katarzyny w Sankt Petersburgu</a> (1738–1783), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Katarzyny_w_Kingiseppie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobór św. Katarzyny w Kingiseppie (strona nie istnieje)">sobór św. Katarzyny w Jamburgu</a> (1764–1782) oraz Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu z wyraźnie już dominującymi cechami klasycystycznymi (1764–1788)<a href="#cite_note-:43-72">[72]</a>. Do głównych architektów wczesnego klasycyzmu należą m.in. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rinaldi" title="Antonio Rinaldi">Antonio Rinaldi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Kokorinow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Kokorinow (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksandr Kokorinow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Vallin_de_la_Mothe" title="Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe">Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe</a>, Georg Friedrich Veldten i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kar%C5%82_Blank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karł Blank (strona nie istnieje)">Karł Blank</a><a href="#cite_note-:34-74">[74]</a>. Do głównych przedstawicieli dojrzałego klasycyzmu rosyjskiego należą: <a href="/wiki/Wasilij_Ba%C5%BCenow" title="Wasilij Bażenow">Wasilij Bażenow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Starow" title="Iwan Starow">Iwan Starow</a> i <a href="/wiki/Matwiej_Kazakow" title="Matwiej Kazakow">Matwiej Kazakow</a>. Do najważniejszych zabytków stylu klasycyzmu należą liczne budynki na terenie Petersburga, np. <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Petersburgu_(%C5%81awra_Aleksandra_Newskiego)" title="Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Petersburgu (Ławra Aleksandra Newskiego)">Ławra Aleksandra Newskiego</a> (1776–1790, arch. Iwan Starow)<a href="#cite_note-:34-74">[74]</a>. W klasycyzmie w Rosji, podobnie jak w Polsce, doszło do wykształcenia się nowego typu dworu szlacheckiego. Dwie pary kolumn zastąpiły wejściowy <a href="/wiki/Ganek_(architektura)" title="Ganek (architektura)">ganek</a> (ros. krylco) z <a href="/wiki/Portyk" title="Portyk">portykiem</a> z <a href="/wiki/Tympanon" title="Tympanon">tympanonem</a>, które stały się odtąd wyróżnikiem architektury dworu na tle innych budynków wiejskich. Nowa architektura dworów była zdecydowanie różna od wcześniejszych dworów w tradycyjnym stylu rosyjskim oraz większości dworów barokowych w Rosji. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Palladianizm_i_styl_Adamów">Palladianizm i styl Adamów</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Edytuj sekcję: Palladianizm i styl Adamów" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=27" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Palladianizm i styl Adamów">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Palladianizm pojawił się w Rosji głównie pod wpływem twórczości Charlesa Camerona i wyróżniał się na tle pozostałych nurtów klasycyzmu intymnością, elegancką prostotą, wyrafinowaną dekoracją i organicznym związkiem budynku z otaczającym go środowiskiem. Cameron by również pionierem <a href="/wiki/Styl_Adam%C3%B3w" title="Styl Adamów">stylu Adamów</a> w Rosji, m.in. autorem wnętrz Wielkiego Pałacu Jekateryńskiego w Carskim Siole. Przykładami palladianizmu są m.in. Galeria i Chołodnaja Bania z Agatowskimi komnatami w Carskim Siole (lata 80. XVIII wieku, arch. Charles Cameron), Pałac Cesarski w Pawłowsku (1782–1786, arch. Ch. Cameron), <a href="/wiki/Instytut_Smolny" title="Instytut Smolny">Instytut Smolny w Petersburgu</a> (1806, arch. Giacomo Quarenghi), Teatr Ermitażnyj w Petersburgu (1783–1787, arch. G. Quarenghi), Pałac Aleksandrowski w Carskim Siole (1792–1796, arch. G. Quarenghi). Palladianizm oferował swoją wersję architektury parkowej, tzw. angielskie parki, podkreślające znaczenie naturalnego krajobrazu i wyrażające oświeceniową ideę jedności człowieka i natury, np. park carskiej rezydencji w Pawłowsku (1772–1828, arch. Ch. Cameron, W. Brenna, P. Gonzagi). Znaczną rolę w popularyzacji palladianizmu w Rosji odegrał architekt Nikołaj Lwow. Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku kontynuatorem tradycji rosyjskiego palladianizmu był Iwan Żołtowski<a href="#cite_note-:30-76">[76]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Empire">Empire</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Edytuj sekcję: Empire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=28" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Empire">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: left; clear: left; text-align: center; margin-right: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Budynki mieszkalne</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg/220px-Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg/330px-Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg/440px-Kuskovo_aerial_view-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kuskowo_(pa%C5%82ac)" title="Kuskowo (pałac)">Zespół pałacowy Szeremietiewów w Kuskowie</a> (XVI–XVIII wiek)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Drewniany dwór podróżny Piotra I w Strelnie (1704–1839). Barok i klasycyzm</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_(Russia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg/220px-Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg/330px-Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg/440px-Katalnay_gorka_Ekateriny_II_v_parke_Oranienbaum_%28Russia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2967" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>Katalnaja gorka w Oranienbaumie, Antonio Rinaldi (1762–1774)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg/220px-Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg/330px-Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg/440px-Gatschina-Schloss_2010_Panorama_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16676" data-file-height="2465" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Pałac w Gatczynie, Antonio Rinaldi (1766–1781)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_Palace_Embankment_various_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Marmurowy w Petersburgu, Antonio Rinaldi (1768–1785)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg/220px-Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg/330px-Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg/440px-Palace_of_the_Bobrinsky_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Bobryńskich w Bogorodicu, Iwan Starow (1771–1773)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_Elagin_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3903" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Jełagina w Petersburgu, Giacomo Quarenghi (1785–1790)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/220px-Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/330px-Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg/440px-Alexandrovsky_Palace_in_Tsarskoe_Selo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Aleksandrowski w Carskim Siole, Giacomo Quarenghi (1792–1796)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg/220px-Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg/330px-Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg/440px-Chesma_Gallery_of_the_Gatchina_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Czesmieńska Galeria Wielkiego Pałacu w Gatczynie, Vincenzo Brenna (lata 90. XVIII wieku)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg/220px-Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg/330px-Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg/440px-Cameron_Design_for_Green_Dining_Room_in_Catherine_Palace_1780s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption>Projekt ściany w Wielkim Pałacu Jekateryńskim w Carskim Siole, Charles Cameron (1779). Styl Adamów</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg/220px-Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg/330px-Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg/440px-Wiki_DSC_3903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Dacza Orłowych „Gołubjatnaja” w Moskwie, Matwiej Kazakow (1780)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg/220px-Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg/330px-Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg/440px-Monument_to_Pavel_I_in_Pavlovsk_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Pałac w Pawłowsku z pomnikiem Pawła I, Charles Cameron (1782–1786). Palladianizm</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Tauride_Palace_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Taurydzki" title="Pałac Taurydzki">Pałac Taurydzki</a>, Iwan Starow (1783–1789)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg/220px-MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg/330px-MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg/440px-MoscowTVtower-2009-view06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Zespół pałacowy Szeremietiewów w Ostankinie (XVI–XIX wiek)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pashkov_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pashkov_house.jpg/220px-Pashkov_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pashkov_house.jpg/330px-Pashkov_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pashkov_house.jpg/440px-Pashkov_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="2349" /></a><figcaption>Dom Paszkowa w Moskwie, Wasilij Bażenow (1784–1786)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG/220px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG/440px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3621" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Rastorgujewa-Charitonowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pałac Rastorgujewa-Charitonowa">Pałac Rastorgujewa-Charitonowa</a> w Jekaterynburgu (1794–1824)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F.%D0%90.%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4172" data-file-height="2771" /></a><figcaption>Dworek Hannibalów w Pietrowskoje (XVIII wiek, rekonstrukcja z 1976 roku)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg/220px-Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg/330px-Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg/440px-Rozhdestveno_Manor_in_Leningrad_Oblast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4181" data-file-height="2587" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Rukawiszników w Rożdiestwienie (koniec XVIII wieku)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_(77).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="2928" /></a><figcaption>Dwór w parku Monrepo pod Wyborgiem, Joseph-Antoine Martinelli (1798–1804)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Zakharovo_manor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Zakharovo_manor.jpg/220px-Zakharovo_manor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Zakharovo_manor.jpg/330px-Zakharovo_manor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Zakharovo_manor.jpg/440px-Zakharovo_manor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Zacharowych w Bolszych Wiaziemach (koniec XVIII wieku, rekonstrukcja z 1999 roku)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_(%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.)._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.)._23.06.11..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG/220px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG/330px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG/440px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%28%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD.%29._%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%9C._%D0%98._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%28%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD._18_%D0%B2.%29._23.06.11..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Dworek Glinków w Nowospasskoje (1807–1810)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg/220px-Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg/330px-Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg/440px-Vologda_Country_estates_Pokrovskoe_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Brianczaninowych w Pokrowskoje, Aleksandr Sapożnikow (1809–1810)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%28%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4824" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption>Pałac kniaziów Bariatyńskich w Marino (1811–1820)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St._Petersburg,_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg/220px-St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg/330px-St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg/440px-St._Petersburg%2C_Mikhaylovsky_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="2687" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Michajłowski w Petersburgu, Carlo Rossi (1819–1825)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg/220px-Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg/330px-Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg/440px-Sitnikov%60s_House_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Dworek Lewaszowa w Wołogdzie (1829)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg/220px-Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg/330px-Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg/440px-Oldenburgs%27_palace4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Drewniana dacza Dołgorukowych na Ostrowie Kamiennym, Andriej Stackenschneider (1831–1833)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sergievka_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sergievka_palace.jpg/220px-Sergievka_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sergievka_palace.jpg/330px-Sergievka_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sergievka_palace.jpg/440px-Sergievka_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Siergijewka w Peterhofie, Andriej Stackenschneider (1839–1842)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St_Petersburg,_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg/220px-St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg/330px-St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg/440px-St_Petersburg%2C_Mariinskiy_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3810" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Maryjski w Petersburgu, Andriej Stackenschneider (1839–1844)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/220px-1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/330px-1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/440px-1869._%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Pałac carski w Oreandzie, Andriej Stackenschneider (1842–1852)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg/220px-Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg/330px-Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg/440px-Mikhailovka_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Dacza „Michajłowka” w Peterhofie, Andriej Stackenschneider (1858–1862) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W okresie panowania cara <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_I_Romanow" title="Aleksander I Romanow">Aleksandra I</a>, dominacji francuskiej w Europie i <a href="/wiki/Wojny_napoleo%C5%84skie" title="Wojny napoleońskie">wojen napoleońskich</a>, doszło w Rosji do rozkwitu stylu empire. Nowy kierunek miał demonstrować potęgę i niezależność Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego. Empire często przejawiał się w monumentalnych kompleksach architektonicznych, takich jak plan i zabudowa ulicy Teatralnej w Petersburgu architekta Carla Rossiego, wschodni cypel Wyspy Wasilewskiej wraz z <a href="/wiki/Budynek_Gie%C5%82dy_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Budynek Giełdy w Sankt Petersburgu">nową giełdą petersburską</a> architekta <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Thomas_de_Thomon" title="Jean-François Thomas de Thomon">Jean-François Thomasa de Thomona</a>, oraz budynkach publicznych, np. <a href="/wiki/Admiralicja_(Petersburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralicja (Petersburg)">Admiralicji w Petersburgu</a> (1806–1823, arch. Andriej Zacharow) i <a href="/wiki/Sankt-Petersburski_Pa%C5%84stwowy_Instytut_G%C3%B3rniczy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt-Petersburski Państwowy Instytut Górniczy">Instytutu Górniczego</a> (1806–1811, arch. <a href="/wiki/Andriej_Woronichin" title="Andriej Woronichin">Andriej Woronichin</a>)<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Styl_neogrecki_i_zmierzch_klasycyzmu">Styl neogrecki i zmierzch klasycyzmu</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Edytuj sekcję: Styl neogrecki i zmierzch klasycyzmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=29" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Styl neogrecki i zmierzch klasycyzmu">edytuj kod</a>]</div> W przeciwieństwie do empire, styl neogrecki niemal nie występuje w architekturze Petersburga, a do nielicznych przykładów na terenie dawnej stolicy należy Nowy Ermitaż (1839–1852). Od lat 60. XIX wieku do początków XX wieku styl neogrecki w Rosji był rozwijany głównie w Moskwie i okolicach. Charakterystyczne dla stylu neogreckiego w Rosji są drewniane domy i dworki o często asymetrycznych planach. Ostatnią okazałą budową wybudowaną w stylu neogreckim jest gmach <a href="/wiki/Muzeum_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_im._Puszkina_w_Moskwie" title="Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie">Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie</a> (1898–1912). Kolejne budynki klasycystyczne były wznoszone już w duchu retrospektywizmu (neoklasycyzmu rosyjskiego I. połowy XX wieku)<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>. Styl klasycystyczny w Rosji pozostawał od lat 30. XIX wieku w cieniu romantyzmu, historyzmu i eklektyzmu, jednak był nadal stosowany do początku XX wieku, szczególnie w neogreckim i palladiańskim wariantach<a href="#cite_note-:30-76">[76]</a>. Po 1900 roku pojawił się retrospektywizm, czyli neoklasycyzm rosyjski odwołujący się do specjalnie podkreślanych form klasycystycznych minionych epok. Neoklasycyzm wpłynął następnie na formowanie się stylu socrealistycznego w architekturze radzieckiej<a href="#cite_note-:31-81">[81]</a>. Do rzadkich przykładów <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaux-arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaux-arts (strona nie istnieje)">Beaux-arts</a> w Rosji należy wbudowany w latach 2008–2010 Pałac Rolników w Kazaniu<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romantyzm,_historyzm_i_eklektyzm">Romantyzm, historyzm i eklektyzm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Edytuj sekcję: Romantyzm, historyzm i eklektyzm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=30" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Romantyzm, historyzm i eklektyzm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Sakralna architektura historyzmu i eklektyzmu</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_Chesme_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="2933" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Czesme%C5%84ska" title="Cerkiew Czesmeńska">Cerkiew Czesmeńska</a> w Petersburgu, Georg Friedrich Veldten (1777–1780). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B801.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Narodzenia Jana Chrzciciela na Wyspie Kamiennej, Georg Friedrich Veldten (1776–1778) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg/220px-247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg/330px-247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg/440px-247.%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85.%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Przemienienia Pańskiego w Wielikiej Topali, architekt nieznany, być może Georg Friedrich Veldten lub Wasilij Bażenow (1780). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:BykovoChurch_P08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BykovoChurch_P08.jpg/220px-BykovoChurch_P08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BykovoChurch_P08.jpg/330px-BykovoChurch_P08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BykovoChurch_P08.jpg/440px-BykovoChurch_P08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4824" data-file-height="3637" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Włodzimierskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Bykowie, przypuszczalnie Wasilij Bażenow (1789). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Matki Bożej „Znak” w Wieszałowce, Wasilij Bażenow (1794). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mozhaisk11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mozhaisk11.jpg/220px-Mozhaisk11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mozhaisk11.jpg/330px-Mozhaisk11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Mozhaisk11.jpg/440px-Mozhaisk11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3338" data-file-height="2963" /></a><figcaption>Nowy sobór św. Mikołaja w Możajsku, Aleksiej Bakariew (1802–1814). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C,_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4017" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Trójcy Świętej w Gus-Żeleznym, architekt nieznany, być może Wasilij Bażenow lub Iwan Gagin (1802–1868). Neogotyk, neobarok i klasycyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:M1n08b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/M1n08b.jpg/220px-M1n08b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/M1n08b.jpg/330px-M1n08b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/M1n08b.jpg/440px-M1n08b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1513" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Katarzyny, Carlo Rossi (<a href="/wiki/Monaster_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie">Monaster Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Moskwie</a>, 1808–1817). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Peterhofie, Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1831–1833). Neogotyk angielski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg/220px-Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg/330px-Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg/440px-Ugresha_Wall_Panoram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13315" data-file-height="1981" /></a><figcaption>Ściana Palestyńska (<a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_na_Ugrieszy" title="Monaster św. Mikołaja na Ugrieszy">Monaster św. Mikołaja na Ugrieszy</a>, 1850–1870) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_(5990381200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg/220px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg/330px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg/440px-Russian_Orthodox_Church_of_The_Holy_Mother_of_God_Vilnius_%285990381200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Odbudowa <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Przeczystej_Bogurodzicy_w_Wilnie" title="Sobór Przeczystej Bogurodzicy w Wilnie">soboru Przeczystej Bogurodzicy w Wilnie</a>, Aleksandr Riazanow i Nikołaj Czagin (1865–1868). Neogotyk i kaukaska odmiana stylu neobizantyjskiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG/220px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG/330px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG/440px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Michała Archanioła w Jurinie (1889). Dojrzały eklektyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/220px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/330px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png/440px-Perm._Mary_Magdalene_Church.png 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="2814" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Marii Magdaleny w Permie, Aleksandr Turczewicz (1892). Neobarok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B502.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Chrystusa w Petersburgu, W. Demjanowski (1901–1903). Neobarok naryszkiński </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.,_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.,_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_1902-1907%D1%80%D1%80.%2C_%D1%81.%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%2C_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80-%D0%BD.%2C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Opieki Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Plesziwecu, I. Kuzniecow (1902–1907). Neobarok kozacki i modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ascension_Cathedral,_Almaty_KZ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG/220px-Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG/330px-Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG/440px-Ascension_Cathedral%2C_Almaty_KZ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_A%C5%82maty" title="Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałmaty">Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałmaty</a>, Andriej Zenkow (1904–1907). Eklektyzm (głównie styl neorosyjski, neobarok i neoklasycyzm) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Catholic_Church_in_Presnya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katedra_Niepokalanego_Pocz%C4%99cia_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Marii_Panny_w_Moskwie" title="Katedra Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Moskwie">Katedra Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Moskwie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki" title="Tomasz Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki">Tomasz Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki</a> (1899–1911). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Polski kościół Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa w Samarze, <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki" title="Tomasz Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki">Tomasz Bohdanowicz-Dworzecki</a> (1902–1906). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral,_Kyiv_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/220px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/330px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/440px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Kijowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościół św. Mikołaja w Kijowie">Kościół św. Mikołaja w Kijowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Horodecki" title="Władysław Horodecki">Władysław Horodecki</a> (1899–1909). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Vladivostok_Catholic_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="3308" /></a><figcaption>Kościół Przeświętej Bogurodzicy we Władywostoku, Antoine Plançon de Rigny, Władimir Antonowicz (1909–1921). Neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%28%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia_buddyjska_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" title="Świątynia buddyjska w Sankt Petersburgu">Świątynia buddyjska w Petersburgu</a>, Gawrił Baranowski (1909–1915). Styl tybetański </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Świecka architektura historyzmu i eklektyzmu</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg/220px-Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg/330px-Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg/440px-Moscow_PrintYard_G06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3930" data-file-height="4022" /></a><figcaption>Typografia Synodialna w Moskwie, Aleksiej Bakariew (1811–1814) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5,_18)_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%28%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%2C_18%29_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10736" data-file-height="3962" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Woroncowa w Ałupce, Eduard Blor (1828–1855). Styl neomauretański </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg/220px-Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg/330px-Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg/440px-Beloselsky-Belozersky_Palace_and_Anichkov_Bridge_St._Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3623" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Biełosielskich-Biełozierskich w Petersburgu (1846–1848) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg/220px-Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg/330px-Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg/440px-Villa_of_Princess_Yusupova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>Szkic daczy kniahini Jusupowej w Carskim Siole, Ippolit Monighetti (1856) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_2_July_2008-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Zamek Meyendorffów „Poduszkino” w Barwichnie, Piotr Bojcow (1874–1885). Châteauesque </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Massandra_Back.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Massandra_Back.JPG/220px-Massandra_Back.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Massandra_Back.JPG/330px-Massandra_Back.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Massandra_Back.JPG/440px-Massandra_Back.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Carski pałac w Massandrze, Étienne Bouchard, Maximilian von Messmacher (1881–1902). Châteauesque </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png/220px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png/440px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Zamek Chrapownickiego w Muromcewie, Piotr Bojcow (1884–1889) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Likani_Palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Likani_Palace.JPG/220px-Likani_Palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Likani_Palace.JPG/330px-Likani_Palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Likani_Palace.JPG/440px-Likani_Palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Nikołaja Michajłowicza w Lipkani, Leontij Benois (1892–1895) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%817.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="1668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_w_Liwadii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pałac w Liwadii">Pałac w Liwadii</a> na Krymie, Nikołaj Krasnow (1909–1911). Neorenesans </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Atlanty carskiej Daczy Prywatnej w Peterhofie (1727–1741, 1850). Neobarok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83.%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1913" /></a><figcaption>Buduar w Pałacu Zimowym, Harald von Bosse (1853) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Znamenka_Manor_SPB_(img1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg/220px-Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg/330px-Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg/440px-Znamenka_Manor_SPB_%28img1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4700" data-file-height="3134" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Znamienka w Peterhofie, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, Harald von Bosse i inni (1760–1859). Neobarok </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg/220px-Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg/330px-Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg/440px-Nikolaevsky_Palace_SPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Nikołajewski w Petersburgu, Andriej Stackenschneider (1853–1861) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="1773" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Nowomichajłowski w Petersburgu, Andriej Stackenschneider (1857–1862). Eklektyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Chińska Wioska w Carskim Siole, Wasilij Niejelow (1778–1782) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tiflis,_The_Imperial_Theater,_1870s_(A).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg/220px-Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg/330px-Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg/440px-Tiflis%2C_The_Imperial_Theater%2C_1870s_%28A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Cesarski w Tyfilisie, Wiktor Schröter (1872). Styl neomauretański </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexis_palace.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Alexis_palace.jpeg/220px-Alexis_palace.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Alexis_palace.jpeg/330px-Alexis_palace.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Alexis_palace.jpeg/440px-Alexis_palace.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Pałac kniazia Aleksieja Aleksandrowicza w Petersburgu, Maximilian von Messmacher (1882–1885). Eklektyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mariinsky_Theatre,_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg/220px-Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg/330px-Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg/440px-Mariinsky_Theatre%2C_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Maryjski w Petersburgu, Wiktor Schröter (1883–1894). Eklektyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Operniy-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Operniy-11.jpg/220px-Operniy-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Operniy-11.jpg/330px-Operniy-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Operniy-11.jpg/440px-Operniy-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teatr_Opery_i_Baletu_w_Odessie" title="Teatr Opery i Baletu w Odessie">Teatr Opery i Baletu w Odessie</a>, Ferdynand Fellner i Hermann Helmer (1884–1887) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Perloff_House,_2010_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg/220px-Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg/330px-Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg/440px-Perloff_House%2C_2010_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Dom czynszowy Perłowa w Moskwie, K. Gippius (1890) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kyiv-teatr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kyiv-teatr.jpg/220px-Kyiv-teatr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kyiv-teatr.jpg/330px-Kyiv-teatr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kyiv-teatr.jpg/440px-Kyiv-teatr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Opera_Narodowa_Ukrainy" title="Opera Narodowa Ukrainy">Opera Kijowska</a>, Wiktor Schröter (1898). Eklektyzm, neorenesans </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_(autochrome).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg/220px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg/330px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg/440px-Andrey_Zeest_-_Chinese_Hall_%28autochrome%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>Sala Chińska w Wielkim Pałacu Jekateryńskim w Carskim Siole </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5814" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption>Herbaciarnia w domie czynszowym Perłowa w Moskwie, K. Gippius (1890) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG/220px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG/330px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG/440px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Dramatyczny w Irkucku, Wiktor Schröter (1894–1897) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Dulber w Jałcie, Nikołaj Krasow (1895–1897). Style neomauretański i egiptyzujący </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg/220px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg/330px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg/440px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Drama_Theatre_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2265" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Dramatyczny w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, Wiktor Schröter (1896) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RossijaLubjanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/RossijaLubjanka.jpg/220px-RossijaLubjanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/RossijaLubjanka.jpg/330px-RossijaLubjanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/RossijaLubjanka.jpg/440px-RossijaLubjanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>I. gmach Towarzystwa Ubezpieczeniowego „Rossija” (Moskwa, 1898–1901) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Sretensky_Boulevard,_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Sretensky_Boulevard%2C_corner_of_Frolov_Lane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>II. gmach Towarzystwa Ubezpieczeniowego „Rossija” w Moskwie, N. Proskurnin (1897–1903) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Gagarinów pod Ałusztą, Nikołaj Krasow (1902–1907). Styl neoromański </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Świecka architektura neogotycka</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg/220px-Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg/330px-Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg/440px-Bazhenov%27s_Tsatitsyno_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Panorama carskiej rezydencji Carycyno pod Moskwą, architektura rosyjska XVIII wieku </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Pałac w Carycynie, Matwiej Kazakow (1776–1796). Neogotyk i klasycyzm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg/220px-Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg/330px-Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg/440px-Moscow_05-2012_Tsaritsyno_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3115" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>Dom Opery w Carycynie, Wasilij Bażenow (1776-1778) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Most nad wąwozem w Carycynie (1778-1784) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Łuk w Carycynie, Wasilij Bażenow (1784) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Piotrowski w Moskwie, Matwiej Kazakow (1776–1780) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-St_Michael%27s_Castle_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6404" data-file-height="4269" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zamek_Michaj%C5%82owski" title="Zamek Michajłowski">Zamek Michajłowski</a>, Wasilij Bażenow (1797–1800) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_2006_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cottage w Peterhofie, Adam Menelaws (1826–1829). Neogotyk angielski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Farma w Peterhofie, Adam Menelaws (1828–1830). Neogotyk angielski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gaspra_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gaspra_Palace.jpg/220px-Gaspra_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gaspra_Palace.jpg/330px-Gaspra_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gaspra_Palace.jpg/440px-Gaspra_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Golicynów w Gasprze (1831–1836). Romantyzm, neogtoyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nowy_Peterhof_(stacja_kolejowa)" title="Nowy Peterhof (stacja kolejowa)">Dworzec kolejowy „Nowy Peterhof”</a>, Nikołaj Benois (1855–1857). Neogotyk angielski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sevastjanov_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sevastjanov_House.jpg/220px-Sevastjanov_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sevastjanov_House.jpg/330px-Sevastjanov_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sevastjanov_House.jpg/440px-Sevastjanov_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2669" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>Dom Sewastjanowa w Jekaterynburgu, Aleksandr Paduczew (1863–1866). Eklektyzm, neogotyk </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG/220px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG/440px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Zamek Szeremietiewów w Jurinie, Siergiej Radionow i inni (1874–1915). Eklektyzm, głównie neogotyk, neobarok i styl neorosyjski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG/330px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG/440px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Oldenburskich w Ramonie (1881–1886) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4037" /></a><figcaption>Pałac von der Wiese w Kiricy, Fiodor Schechtel (1883–1889) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Palace_below.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Palace_below.jpg/220px-Palace_below.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Palace_below.jpg/330px-Palace_below.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Palace_below.jpg/440px-Palace_below.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_w_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCy" title="Pałac w Białowieży">Pałac w Białowieży</a>, Nikołaj de Rochefort (1889–1894) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Morozova_Palace_(Spiridonovka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg/220px-Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg/330px-Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg/440px-Morozova_Palace_%28Spiridonovka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Morozowych w Moskwie, Leonid Sherwood, F. Schechtel (1893–1898) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0,16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C16_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Dom Morozowa w Moskwie, Wiktor Mazyrin (1895–1899). Styl neomanueliński (portugalski późny gotyk) i neomauretański </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Zamek w Borkach, Aleksandr von Hohen (1902–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg/220px-Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg/330px-Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg/440px-Crimea_South_Coast_04-14_img10_Gaspra_Swallows_Nest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="4386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jask%C3%B3%C5%82cze_Gniazdo" title="Jaskółcze Gniazdo">Jaskółcze Gniazdo</a> na Krymie, Leonid Sherwood (1911–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9C._%D0%AD._%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9B._%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B802.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="2231" /></a><figcaption>Dacza Kleinmichel w Petersburgu (1911–1912) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Historyzm_w_Rosji" title="Historyzm w Rosji">Historyzm w Rosji</a>.</div> Od lat 20. XVIII wieku barok i później klasycyzm ewoluowały w kierunku architektury sentymentalnej, romantycznej, <a href="/wiki/Eklektyzm_(architektura)" title="Eklektyzm (architektura)">eklektycznej</a> i <a href="/wiki/Historyzm_(architektura)" title="Historyzm (architektura)">historystycznej</a> w Rosji. Jako pierwsze pojawiły się style egiptyzujący, <a href="/wiki/Neogotyk" title="Neogotyk">neogotycki</a> i <a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">chinoiserie</a>. Następnie były rozwijane style: <a href="/wiki/Styl_neorosyjski" title="Styl neorosyjski">bizantyjsko-rosyjski</a> (neorosyjski), neobizantyjski, <a href="/wiki/Styl_neomaureta%C5%84ski" title="Styl neomauretański">neomauretański</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neorenesans" title="Neorenesans">neorenesansowy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architektura_neobarokowa" title="Architektura neobarokowa">neobarokowy</a>, których elementy były często ze sobą swobodnie łączone. Niektóre style, np. <a href="/wiki/Neoromanizm" title="Neoromanizm">neoromański</a> pojawiały się okazjonalnie, w odosobnionych przykładach. Do rzadkich przykładów eklektycznego stylu indosaraceńskiego należy świątynia hinduistyczna w Lachcie w Petersburgu. W XIX wieku pojawił się również eklektyzm i tendencje neoromantyczne w architekturze. Style klasycystyczny, neorosyjski i neobizantyjski jako jedyne zyskały status stylu oficjalnego Rosji na przestrzeni lat 1824–1917<a href="#cite_note-:40-83">[83]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Chinoiserie_i_architektura_buddyjska">Chinoiserie i architektura buddyjska</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Edytuj sekcję: Chinoiserie i architektura buddyjska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=31" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Chinoiserie i architektura buddyjska">edytuj kod</a>]</div> W II. połowie XVIII wieku pojawił się <a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">chinoiserie</a> (kitajszczina) – eklektyczny styl w sztuce, wzornictwie i architekturze rosyjskiej nawiązujący do kultury chińskiej. Do najbardziej znaczących przykładów tego stylu w Rosji i całej Europie należy Chińska Wioska z Teatrem Chińskim i innymi obiektami w Carskim Siole, wybudowana na zamówienie Katarzyny II. Kolejnym przykładem jest rokokowy Pałac Chiński w Oranienbaumie (1762–1768). Elementem tego nurtu były tzw. chińskie pokoje w barokowych i rokokowych pałacach arystokracji rosyjskiej, np. Sala Chińska, Niebieski Pokój i pokój Aleksandra I w Wielkim Pałacu Jekateryńskim w Carskim Siole. Kolejne przykłady chinoiserie pojawiły się wraz ze wzrostem wymiany handlowej rosyjsko-chińskiej w XIX wieku, np. Jarmark Chiński w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, na którym były sprzedawane głównie towary chińskie<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>. Obok chinoiserie była rozwijana również autentyczna sztuka buddyjska. Ciekawym zabytkiem są pozostałości grodu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bor-Ba%C5%BCin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bor-Bażin (strona nie istnieje)">Bor-Bażin</a> na jeziorze <a href="/wiki/Tierie-Chol" title="Tierie-Chol">Tierie-Chol</a> z VIII–IX wieku, początkowo przypuszczalnie ujgurskiej twierdzy, następnie być może świątyni buddyjskiej. Na przestrzeni IX–XIII wieku buddyzm przyjęły plemiona <a href="/wiki/Tuwi%C5%84cy" title="Tuwińcy">Tuwińców</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buriaci" title="Buriaci">Buriatów</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%82mucy" title="Kałmucy">Kałmuków</a>, które następnie stworzyły podwaliny pod rosyjską sztukę buddyjską (np. dacany Tamczinski i Agiński z XIX wieku). W XIX i na początku XX wieku doszło do rozwoju stylu tybetańskiego w architekturze carskiej Rosji, głównie na potrzeby buddyjskiej diaspory. W latach 1909–1915 wybudowano <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia_buddyjska_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" title="Świątynia buddyjska w Sankt Petersburgu">świątynię buddyjską w Petersburgu</a>. W prace nad jej projektem byli zaangażowani najprzedniejsi ówcześni orientaliści i architekci rosyjscy<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>. Do głównych współczesnych przykładów sztuki buddyjskiej należą <a href="/wiki/Dacan_Iwo%C5%82gi%C5%84ski" title="Dacan Iwołgiński">Dacan Iwołgiński</a> (1945–2008) i Złota Świątynia w Eliście (XXI wiek). Dacan Iwołgiński stanowi obecnie największy ośrodek buddyzmu w azjatyckiej części Rosji<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Eklektyzm">Eklektyzm</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Edytuj sekcję: Eklektyzm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=32" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Eklektyzm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Tendencje eklektyczne występowały w sztuce rosyjskiej od zawsze, jednak dopiero w XIX wieku eklektyzm zaczął stanowić odrębny, świadomy kierunek w architekturze. Wczesny eklektyzm w Rosji pojawił się w latach 30.–60. XIX wieku i dotyczył początkowo architektury głównie świeckiej, później także sakralnej. Wzorcowymi budynkami eklektycznymi są: <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Bie%C5%82osielskich-Bie%C5%82ozierskich" title="Pałac Biełosielskich-Biełozierskich">Pałac Biełosielskich-Biełozierskich</a> w Petersburgu z wyraźnie dominującym neobarokiem (1846–1848), katolicki kościół św. Piotra i Pawła w Moskwie (1839–1845) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie">sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie</a> (1839–1880) w stylu neorosyjskim. Czołowymi przedstawicielami eklektyzmu są: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriej_Stackenschneider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriej Stackenschneider (strona nie istnieje)">Andriej Stackenschneider</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michai%C5%82_Wykowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michaił Wykowski (strona nie istnieje)">Michaił Wykowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Kaminski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Kaminski (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksandr Kaminski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Klein (strona nie istnieje)">Roman Klein</a> i <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Thon" title="Konstantin Thon">Konstantin Thon</a>, który stworzył eklektyczny styl neorosyjski, łączący w sobie elementy głównie staroruskie i klasycystyczne. Większość rosyjskich budowli neobarokowych lub neorenesansowych nosi cechy innych stylów, jednak były one początkowo wykorzystywane w poszczególnych projektach z osobna, nie współtworząc nowych form<a href="#cite_note-:36-88">[88]</a>. Dojrzały eklektyzm w Rosji przypada na lata 70.–90. XIX wieku. Styl ten charakteryzował się bogactwem dekoracji, podkreślającej reprezentatywne formy. Do tej pory używane z osobna różne style historystyczne zaczęły być łączone razem, tworząc nowe formy architektoniczne, głównie na licach budynków. Pojawiły się także bardziej oryginalne projekty, np. <a href="/wiki/Wierchnije_Torgowyje_Riady" class="mw-redirect" title="Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady">Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady</a> (1890–1893), stanowiące splot stylu neorosyjskiego, neorenesansu i inżynierii strukturalnej Władimira Szuchowa. Do przykładów eklektyki sakralnej należy dzwonnica przy <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Moskwie" title="Cerkiew Mądrości Bożej w Moskwie">cerkwi Mądrości Bożej w Moskwie</a> (1890)<a href="#cite_note-:36-88">[88]</a>. Eklektyzm pojawił się w Rosji również w architekturze wnętrz, meblarstwie i innych rzemiosłach artystycznych, czerpiąc pod koniec XIX wieku liczne wzory z modernizmu i jednocześnie samemu na niego oddziałując<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Styl_bizantyjsko-rosyjski_(neorosyjski)">Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski (neorosyjski)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Edytuj sekcję: Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski (neorosyjski)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=33" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski (neorosyjski)">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Styl_bizantyjsko-rosyjski" class="mw-redirect" title="Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski">Styl bizantyjsko-rosyjski</a>.</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Styl neorosyjski</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg/220px-Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg/330px-Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg/440px-Ba-nikolsky-2001-dome-reflection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Kopuła cebulowa stała się typowym elementem rosyjskiej architektury </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="4124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Poczdamie" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie">Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie</a>, Wasilij Stasow (1826–1829) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Dziesięcinna w Kijowie, Wasilij Stasow (1828–1842) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg/220px-Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg/330px-Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg/440px-Ekateringof_SPb_photo_53-55177.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew św. Katarzyny w Jelizawethofie, K. Thon (1830–1837) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg/220px-Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg/330px-Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg/440px-Moscow_-_Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie">Sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie</a>, K. Thon (1839–1880, rekonstrukcja) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg/220px-The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg/330px-The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg/440px-The_Church_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_horse_guards_regiment_in_St._Petersburg_in_the_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4968" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zwiastowania_w_Petersburgu_(wojskowa)" title="Cerkiew Zwiastowania w Petersburgu (wojskowa)">Cerkiew Zwiastowania w Petersburgu</a>, K. Thon (1844–1849) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Holy_Trinity_Church_(Diveyevo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Church_%28Diveyevo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2363" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Diwiejewie (1848–1875, Aleksandr Rezanow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Skit św. Mikołaja monasteru Wałaamskiego, Aleksiej Gornostajew (1851) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg/220px-14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg/330px-14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg/440px-14-08-13-helsinki-RalfR-N3S_1244a-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4868" data-file-height="5555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Helsinkach" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Helsinkach">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Helsinkach</a>, Aleksiej Gornostajew (1862–1868) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="3738" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu">Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu</a> (1883–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg/220px-Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg/330px-Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Saratov_Knyaz_Vladimir_sobor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Saratowie" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Saratowie">Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Saratowie</a> (1885–1889, Aleksiej Sałko) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Dormition_SPB_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3597" data-file-height="2382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Petersburgu_(Wyspa_Wasylewska)" title="Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Petersburgu (Wyspa Wasylewska)">Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej na Wyspie Wasylewskiej</a>, Wasilij Kosjakow (1895–1897) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/220px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/330px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/440px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Piotra_i_Paw%C5%82a_w_Peterhofie" title="Sobór Świętych Piotra i Pawła w Peterhofie">Sobór Świętych Piotra i Pawła w Peterhofie</a> (1895–1905) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg/220px-Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg/330px-Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg/440px-Svyato_Mihailovsky_Cathedral_Izhevsk_Russia_Richard_Bartz_Alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1447" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Michała Archanioła w Iżewsku (1897–1915, zburzony w 1937, rekonstrukcja z lat 2004–2007) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3529" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Narodzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Ufie" title="Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Ufie">Sobór Narodzenia Matki Bożej w Ufie</a> (1901–1909) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg/220px-Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg/330px-Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg/440px-Kreuzerhoehungskirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego białogórskiego monasteru św. Mikołaja (1902–1917) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Dzwonnica <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Objawienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Kazaniu" title="Sobór Objawienia Pańskiego w Kazaniu">soboru Objawienia Pańskiego w Kazaniu</a> (1904) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_2015_%D0%B3..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="1859" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew-dzwonnica Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na Cmentarzu Rogożskim (pośrodku), Fiodor Gornostajew (1907–1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg/220px-Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg/330px-Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg/440px-Feodorovsky_Cathedral_in_Tsarskoye_Selo_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4772" data-file-height="3235" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Fiodorowskiej_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Puszkinie" title="Sobór Fiodorowskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Puszkinie">Sobór Fiodorowskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Puszkinie</a> (1909–1912, arch. Władimir Pokrowski) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Christ_the_Saviour_Church_(on_Waters)_1910s_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg/220px-Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg/330px-Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg/440px-Christ_the_Saviour_Church_%28on_Waters%29_1910s_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela na Wodach w Petersburgu, Marian Peretjakowicz (1909–1911) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Świątynia Metropolity Piotra Moskiewskiego w Petersburgu, Andriej Aplaksin (1911–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg/220px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg/330px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg/440px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="3572" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Obrazu Chrystusa Nie Ludzką Ręką Uczynionego w Abramcewie, Wiktor Wasniecow (1881–1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%822006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Opieki_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Parchomiwce" title="Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Parchomiwce">Cerkiew Opieki Matki Bożej w Parchomówce</a>, Władimir Pokrowski i Wiktor Gołubiew (1903–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="2086" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Petersburgu, Dmitrij Kryżanowski (1906–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_(Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent)_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg/220px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg/330px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg/440px-Church_of_the_Protection_of_the_Theotokos_%28Marfo-Mariinsky_Convent%29_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Marty_i_Marii_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Świętych Marty i Marii w Moskwie">Monaster Świętych Marty i Marii w Moskwie</a>, Aleksiej Szczusiew (1908–1911) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kukoboy_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kukoboy_temple.jpg/220px-Kukoboy_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kukoboy_temple.jpg/330px-Kukoboy_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kukoboy_temple.jpg/440px-Kukoboy_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2801" data-file-height="3298" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Obrazu Chrystusa Nie Ludzką Ręką Uczynionego w Kukoboju (1909–1912, Wasilij Kosjakow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg/220px-Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg/330px-Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg/440px-Kulikovo_Field_Church_of_Saint_Sergius_of_Radonezh_IMG_5252_1280.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Sergiusza_z_Radone%C5%BCa_na_Kulikowym_Polu" title="Cerkiew św. Sergiusza z Radoneża na Kulikowym Polu">Cerkiew św. Sergiusza z Radoneża na Kulikowym Polu</a>, Aleksiej Szczusiew (1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg/220px-Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg/330px-Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg/440px-Church_of_Spas_in_Klazma01_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="2872" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Obrazu Chrystusa Nie Ludzką Ręką Uczynionego w Klaźmie, Siergiej Waszkow, Władimir Motyljow (1913–1914) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Trójcy w Magadanie, Jelena i Władimir Kołosowie (2001–2008) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg/220px-Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg/330px-Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg/440px-Church_of_Saint_George_in_Poklonnaya_Hill_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Moskwie_(Dorogomi%C5%82owo)" title="Cerkiew św. Jerzego w Moskwie (Dorogomiłowo)">Cerkiew św. Jerzego w Dorogomiłowie</a> (1994–1995) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Wariant neobizantyjsko-neorosyjski</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>Sobór katedralny Kazańskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Irkucku (1875–1894, Heinrich Rosen) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Forosie (1888–1892, Nikołaj Czagin) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le,_Karost%C4%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg/220px-Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg/330px-Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg/440px-Sv._Nikolaja_pareiztic%C4%ABgo_J%C5%ABras_katedr%C4%81le%2C_Karost%C4%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Portal soboru morskiego św. Mikołaja w Lipawie (1900–1903, Wasilij Kosjakow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Symbirsku (1901–1904, Nikołaj Rosetti) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG/220px-Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG/330px-Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG/440px-Epiphany_church_in_Saint_Petersburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Objawienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Petersburgu" title="Cerkiew Objawienia Pańskiego w Petersburgu">Cerkiew Objawienia Pańskiego w Petersburgu</a> (1889–1899, Wasilij Kosjakow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_w_Borkach" title="Cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Borkach">Cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Borkach</a> (1891–1894, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Marfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Marfeld (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Marfeld</a><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4283019#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q4283019">(inne języki)</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Assumption_Cathedral,_Omsk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg/220px-Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg/330px-Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg/440px-Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Omsk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Omsku" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Omsku">Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Omsku</a> (1891–1898, Ernest Wirrich) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Petersburgu_(rejon_Admira%C5%82tiejski)" title="Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu (rejon Admirałtiejski)">Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu (rejon Admirałtiejski)</a> (1904–1908, Dawid Grimm) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Początki poszukiwań rosyjskiego stylu narodowego sięgają okresu romantyzmu. W 1824 roku został wydany pierwszy w historii Rosji album 31 urzędowo zatwierdzonych projektów sakralnych w duchu klasycyzmu<a href="#cite_note-:6-71">[71]</a>. W 1826 roku <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tobliwy_Synod_Rz%C4%85dz%C4%85cy" title="Świątobliwy Synod Rządzący">Świątobliwy Synod</a> pod naciskiem opinii publicznej zwrócił się do cara <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_I_Romanow" title="Mikołaj I Romanow">Mikołaja I</a> z prośbą uzupełnienia albumu o nowe projekty, odwołujące się do dawnej architektury prawosławnej<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a>. Najstarszymi przykładami poszukiwań nowego stylu są <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Poczdamie" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie">cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie</a> (1826–1829) i niezachowana druga cerkiew Dziesięcinna w Kijowie (1828–1842), zaprojektowane przez <a href="/wiki/Wasilij_Stasow" title="Wasilij Stasow">Wasilija Stasowa</a> i noszące cechy m.in. dawnej architektury rosyjskiej oraz niemieckiego neoklasycyzmu<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. Konstantin Thon stał się twórcą i pierwszym teoretykiem <a href="/wiki/Styl_neorosyjski" title="Styl neorosyjski">stylu neorosyjskiego</a>, zwanego niekiedy „pseudorosyjskim”<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>. Styl ten opracowany na prośbę Mikołaja I nawiązywał do staroruskich wzorów architektury z zachowaniem nowoczesnych elementów, głównie klasycystycznych. Zapoczątkowany przez Thona monumentalny i eklektyczny styl wpisał się w poszukiwania rosyjskiego <a href="/wiki/Styl_narodowy" title="Styl narodowy">stylu narodowego</a> i cieszył się szeroką aprobatą do lat 70. XIX wieku. Do najważniejszych sakralnych projektów Thona należą: cerkiew św. Katarzyny w Jelizawethofie (1830–1837), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wprowadzenia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_do_%C5%9Awi%C4%85tyni_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Wprowadzenia Matki Bożej do Świątyni w Petersburgu">sobór Wprowadzenia Matki Bożej do Świątyni w Petersburgu</a> (1834–1842)<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_w_Moskwie" title="Sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie">sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie</a> (1839–1880), stanowiący do dziś największą świątynię prawosławną na świecie<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a>. Projekty Thona zostały uznane w ukazie z 1841 roku za „zalecane” przy budowie prawosławnych cerkwi<a href="#cite_note-:0-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a>. Od lat 40. XIX wieku dochodziło do nasilania się krytyki eklektycznego, surowego i chłodnego stylu Thona oraz mniejszych lub większych odstępstw od jego projektów. Do wczesnych przykładów modyfikacji projektu Thona należy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Jelcu" title="Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Jelcu">sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Jelcu</a> (1845–1889)<a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. Mimo krytyki architektura Thona stanowiła ważny impuls w rozwoju sztuki rosyjskiej, który zwrócił uwagę budowniczych na tradycyjną architekturę prawosławną i wpłynął na formowanie się „czystego” stylu neorosyjskiego pod koniec lat 60. XIX wieku. Liczniejsze odwołania do stylu Thona pojawiły się ponownie w latach 1898–1917 oraz po 1991 roku. Pomimo promocji sztuki bizantyjskiej rozpoczętej przez Mikołaja I w 1826 roku i ukazu z 1841 roku, w którym położono nacisk na stosowanie „w miarę możliwości” starożytnych wzorów bizantyjskich<a href="#cite_note-:0-95">[95]</a>, styl Thona lat 30. i 40. XIX wieku nie wykazywał żadnych cech bizantyjskich świątyń<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a>. Styl neobizantyjski wykształcił się w Rosji dopiero w latach 50. XIX wieku i od tego czasu bywał niekiedy łączony ze stylem neorosyjskim, np. w <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_metropolitalny_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_R%C3%B3wnej_Aposto%C5%82om_Marii_Magdaleny_w_Warszawie" title="Sobór metropolitalny Świętej Równej Apostołom Marii Magdaleny w Warszawie">soborze metropolitalnym Świętej Równej Apostołom Marii Magdaleny w Warszawie</a> (1867–1869, arch. Nikołaj Syczew) i soborze Aleksandra Newskiego w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1868–1881)<a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. W latach 40. XIX wieku Thon rozpoczął projektowanie nowych świątyń z rosyjskimi dachami hełmowymi, m.in. <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zwiastowania_w_Petersburgu_(wojskowa)" title="Cerkiew Zwiastowania w Petersburgu (wojskowa)">cerkiew Zwiastowania w Petersburgu</a> (1844–1849) i sobór Narodzenia Bogurodzicy w Krasnojarsku (1845–1861). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksiej_Gornostajew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksiej Gornostajew (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksiej Gornostajew</a>, zainspirowany dawną architekturą Rosyjskiej Północy, wzbogacił styl neorosyjski o kolejne tradycyjne elementy, odrzucając większość wzorów klasycyzujących Thona. Zaprojektował m.in. skit św. Mikołaja <a href="/wiki/Monastyr_Wa%C5%82aamski" title="Monastyr Wałaamski">monasteru Wałaamskiego</a> (1851), sobór Zaśnięcia Bogurodzicy <a href="/wiki/%C5%81awra_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tog%C3%B3rska" title="Ławra Świętogórska">Ławry Świętogórskiej</a> (1859–1868) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Za%C5%9Bni%C4%99cia_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_w_Helsinkach" title="Sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Helsinkach">sobór Zaśnięcia Matki Bożej w Helsinkach</a> (1862–1868)<a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. Od końca lat 60. XIX wieku styl neorosyjski zaczął ulegać zróżnicowaniu na szereg wariantów nawołujących do odrzucenia sztuki Zachodu, czerpania wzorów z budownictwa ludowego, architektury rosyjskiej XVII wieku, ewentualnie dawnej architektury rosyjskiej z zachowaniem niektórych wpływów bizantyjskich, renesansu, baroku, klasycyzmu lub modernizmu. Do najważniejszych zabytków należą: sobór Aleksandra Newskiego w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1867–1880), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Petersburgu" title="Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu">sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Petersburgu</a> (1883–1907), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Piotra_i_Paw%C5%82a_w_Peterhofie" title="Sobór Świętych Piotra i Pawła w Peterhofie">sobór Świętych Piotra i Pawła w Peterhofie</a> (1895–1905)<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. W 1898 roku w architekturze sakralnej nastąpił ponowny zwrot ku klasycyzującej architekturze i zmodyfikowanego stylu Thona. Zostają wzniesione m.in. sobór Iwerskiej Ikony Matki Bożej Monasteru Pierierwińskiego (1904–1908), cerkiew-dzwonnica Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na <a href="/wiki/Cmentarz_Rogo%C5%BCski" title="Cmentarz Rogożski">Cmentarzu Rogożskim</a> (1907–1913), staroobrzędowa cerkiew św. Mikołaja Cudotwórcy w Moskwie (1914–1921)<a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. W latach 1900–1917 w stylu neorosyjskim obserwowany jest retrospektywizm. Pojawiły się „czyste”, specjalnie podkreślane formy architektury staroruskiej łączone niekiedy z elementami modernizmu. Głównymi wzorami stały się dawna architektura pskowska i nowogrodzka z „białego kamienia”. Do zachowanych cerkwi należą <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Twerze" title="Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Twerze">sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Twerze</a> (1912–1913) i świątynia św. Piotra Metropolity Moskiewskiego w Petersburgu (1911–1912)<a href="#cite_note-:39-73">[73]</a>. Do głównych świątyń nawiązujących do budownictwa włodzimiersko-suzdalskiego należała <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerkiew_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_na_Wodach_w_Petersburgu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela na Wodach w Petersburgu (strona nie istnieje)">cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela na Wodach w Petersburgu</a> (1910), która zarazem była najbardziej zbliżona do autentycznej architektury staroruskiej. Od lat 80. XIX wieku do 1917 roku w neorosyjskiej architekturze sakralnej pojawił się trend modernistyczny, dotyczący głównie mniejszych projektów. Modernizm nie miał na celu zaprzeczania czy zrywania z rosyjską cerkiewną tradycją architektoniczną, lecz stanowił jej rozwinięcie poprzez stosowanie nowoczesnych rozwiązań technicznych i artystycznych w ramach tradycyjnych form. Najstarszymi przykładami tego typu budowli są m.in. cerkiew Obrazu Chrystusa Nie Ludzką Ręką Uczynionego w Abramcewie (1881–1882) według projektu Wiktora Wasniecowa, niezachowana drewniana cerkiew Wszystkich Świętych w Nadieżdinsku (1896–1898), cerkiew św. Ducha w Tałaszkinie (1902–1905)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Zmartwychwstania_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Moskwie_(Sokolniki)" title="Cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Moskwie (Sokolniki)">cerkiew Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Sokolnikach</a> (1903–1912), świątynia Św. Trójcy w Bałakowie (1908–1909), <a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tych_Marty_i_Marii_w_Moskwie" title="Monaster Świętych Marty i Marii w Moskwie">monaster Świętych Marty i Marii w Moskwie</a> (1908–1911), cerkiew Opieki Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Petersburgu (1912–1913)<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>, drewniana cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej Kazańskiej w Wyricy (1912–1914), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Sergiusza_z_Radone%C5%BCa_na_Kulikowym_Polu" title="Cerkiew św. Sergiusza z Radoneża na Kulikowym Polu">cerkiew Sergiusza z Radoneża na Kulikowym Polu</a> (1913) i cerkiew Obrazu Chrystusa Nie Ludzką Ręką Uczynionego w Klaźmie (1913)<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>, będąca zarazem najstarszą <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelbet" title="Żelbet">żelbetową</a> świątynią w Rosji. Na początku XX wieku również niektóre cerkwie staroobrzędowców zaczęły być budowane w stylu modernizmu. Do najstarszych modernistycznych cerkwi staroobrzędowych należy cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Znak” w Petersburgu (1906–1907) wybudowana według projektu Dmitrija Kryżanowskiego z własną kotłownią, parowym systemem ogrzewania ścian i wentylacją. Do kolejnych należały projekty Ilji Bondarenki, np. cerkiew na Małym Gawrikowie w Moskwie (1911). Po upadku komunizmu w 1991 roku nastąpiło odrodzenie się stylu neorosyjskiego. Odbudowano wiele zniszczonych obiektów, m.in. sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Moskwie (1990–2000) i <a href="/wiki/Wielki_Z%C5%82atoust" title="Wielki Złatoust">Wielkiego Złatousta</a> w Jekaterynburgu (2006–2013). Wybudowano nowy <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Worone%C5%BCu" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Woroneżu">sobór Zwiastowania w Woroneżu</a> (1998–2009), sobór św. Trójcy w Magadanie (2001–2008) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Przemienienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Chabarowsku" title="Sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Chabarowsku">sobór Przemienienia Pańskiego w Chabarowsku</a> (2001–2004). Pojawiło się także kilka przykładów zmodernizowanego stylu rosyjskiego, np. <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego_w_Moskwie_(Dorogomi%C5%82owo)" title="Cerkiew św. Jerzego w Moskwie (Dorogomiłowo)">cerkiew św. Jerzego w Dorogomiłowie</a> (1994–1995), cerkiew św. Pantelejmona w Rostowie nad Donem (1996–1997), cerkiew św. Piotra w Petersburgu (2005–2010), czasownia św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Korolowie (1998–1999) i <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela_w_Kr%C3%B3lewcu" title="Sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Królewcu">sobór Chrystusa Zbawiciela w Królewcu</a> (2004–2006). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Neorosyjska_architektura_świecka">Neorosyjska architektura świecka</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Edytuj sekcję: Neorosyjska architektura świecka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=34" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Neorosyjska architektura świecka">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Neorosyjska architektura świecka</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg/220px-Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg/330px-Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg/440px-Andreyevsky_Zal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Kaplica orderu św. Andrzeja, Wielki Pałac, K. Thon (1838–1849) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG/220px-Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG/330px-Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG/440px-Grand_Kremlin_Palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Wielki Pałac Kremla Moskiewskiego, K. Thon (1838–1849) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kremlin_Armoury_(2010s)_by_shakko_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg/330px-Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg/440px-Kremlin_Armoury_%282010s%29_by_shakko_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4345" data-file-height="2960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zbrojownia_kremlowska" title="Zbrojownia kremlowska">Zbrojownia kremla moskiewskiego</a>, K. Thon (1849–1851) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg/220px-Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg/330px-Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg/440px-Izmailovo_Island_NSH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4065" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>Dom Inwalidów Wojennych w Izmajłowie, K. Thon i inni (1836–1849) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Gubernatorski w Kazaniu, K. Thon, A. Peske, M. Kornifski (1842) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG/220px-Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG/330px-Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG/440px-Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3335" data-file-height="2263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie" title="Państwowe Muzeum Historyczne w Moskwie">Muzeum Historyczne w Moskwie</a>, Władimir Sherwood i inni (1875–1883) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg/220px-Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg/330px-Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg/440px-Main_Fair_building_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Targi w Niżnym Nowogrodzie </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg/220px-Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg/330px-Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg/440px-Korsh_Theatre_2015-09-28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5843" data-file-height="4151" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Fiodora Korsza w Moskwie, Michaił Cziczagow (1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Siedziba Michaiła Bode-Kołyczewa w Łukinie (1884) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mayakosky_theatre_(Paradise).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg/220px-Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg/330px-Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg/440px-Mayakosky_theatre_%28Paradise%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Paradies w Moskwie, Fiodor Schechtel (1885) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Igumnovhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Igumnovhouse.jpg/220px-Igumnovhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Igumnovhouse.jpg/330px-Igumnovhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Igumnovhouse.jpg/440px-Igumnovhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Dom Igumnowa w Moskwie, Nikołaj Pozdiejew, Piotr Bojcow i Iwan Pozdiejew (1888–1895) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Former_Lenin_museum_(Moscow)_by_shakko_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/220px-Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/330px-Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg/440px-Former_Lenin_museum_%28Moscow%29_by_shakko_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3737" data-file-height="2246" /></a><figcaption>Moskiewska Duma Miejska, Dmitrij Cziczagow (1890–1892). Styl neorosyjski i neorenesans </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:GUM,_Moscow,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/330px-GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/440px-GUM%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wierchnije_Torgowyje_Riady" class="mw-redirect" title="Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady">Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady</a> (1893) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tretyakov_Gallery,_Moscow,_main_building_.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG/220px-Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG/330px-Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG/440px-Tretyakov_Gallery%2C_Moscow%2C_main_building_.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3372" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>Brama główna <a href="/wiki/Galeria_Tretiakowska" title="Galeria Tretiakowska">Galerii Tretiakowskiej</a>, Wiktor Wasniecow (1899–1906) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="2425" /></a><figcaption>Muzeum Suworowa w Petersburgu, Alexander von Hohen (1900–1904) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg/220px-Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg/330px-Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg/440px-Ratnaya_Palata_in_Tsarskoye_Selo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4735" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Komnaty Ratnickie w Carskim Siole (1913–1917, arch. <a href="/wiki/Siemion_Sidorczuk" title="Siemion Sidorczuk">Siemion Sidorczuk</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg/220px-Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg/330px-Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg/440px-Sankt-Peterburg_oldfoto_13713.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze refektarzu w Gródku Fiodorowskim (około 1918, arch. Gieorgij Paszkow) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W okresie od lat 30. XIX wieku do lat 20. XX wieku pojawiły się często monumentalne i funkcjonalne budynki świeckie w stylu neorosyjskim. Do najstarszych należały Wielki Pałac (1838–1849) i <a href="/wiki/Zbrojownia_kremlowska" title="Zbrojownia kremlowska">zbrojownia kremla moskiewskiego</a> (1849–1851) zaprojektowane przez Thona. Architekt wykorzystał w swych projektach elementy istniejących, przedbarokowych pałaców w dawnym stylu rosyjskim, łącząc je z architekturą klasycystyczną<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. Pod koniec lat 60. XIX wieku Wiktor Hartmann i Iwan Ropet rozpoczęli projektowanie kolejnych budowli neorosyjskich znacznie bardziej odwołujących się do autentycznych wzorów rosyjskiej architektury przedbarokowej i budownictwa ludowego. W 1872 roku wybudowano Typografię Mamontowa i Teatr Narodowy na Placu Warwarinskim w Moskwie, które stały się wzorami dla kolejnych budynków. W 1875 roku rozpoczęto budowę <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Historyczne_w_Moskwie" title="Państwowe Muzeum Historyczne w Moskwie">Państwowego Muzeum Historycznego w Moskwie</a> i Muzeum Politechnicznego w Moskwie nawiązujących do XVI-wiecznej moskiewskiej architektury<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. Następnymi ważnymi obiektami były: Teatr Korsza w Moskwie (1882), Teatr Paradies w Moskwie (1885), Teatr Dramatyczny w Samarze (1888), elektrostacja „Nowy Maneż” w Moskwie (1888), moskiewska Duma Miejska (1890–1892), <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adywostok_(stacja_kolejowa)" title="Władywostok (stacja kolejowa)">dworzec kolejowy we Władywostoku</a> (1891–1893), Targi w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1893–1896), <a href="/wiki/Wierchnije_Torgowyje_Riady" class="mw-redirect" title="Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady">Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady</a> z zastosowaną inżynierią strukturalną (1893). Wiele obiektów nosiło cechy eklektyczne. Za najbardziej „czysty” przykład stylu neorosyjskiego w architekturze świeckiej uważany jest dom Igumnowa w Moskwie (1888–1895)<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. Na początku XX wieku dochodzi do splotu stylu neorosyjskiego z modernizmem i retrospektywizmem, np. Dworzec Jarosławowski w Moskwie (1902) i dom przy ulicy Plutałowej 2 w Petersburgu (1911–1913)<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a>. Styl neorosyjski w budownictwie świeckim przestał być szerzej stosowany w latach 20. XX wieku. Do rzadkich przykładów nawiązań do stylu neorosyjskiego w okresie radzieckim należy kawiarnia „Łabędź” na terenie <a href="/wiki/Og%C3%B3lnorosyjskie_Centrum_Wystawowe" title="Ogólnorosyjskie Centrum Wystawowe">WWC</a> z połowy lat 50.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Po 1991 roku zaczęto ponownie realizować projekty w stylu neorosyjskim, np. kreml izmajłowski w Moskwie (1998–2007)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Neorosyjska_architektura_drewniana">Neorosyjska architektura drewniana</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Edytuj sekcję: Neorosyjska architektura drewniana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=35" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Neorosyjska architektura drewniana">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Neorosyjska architektura drewniana</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Alexandrowka_02-14_img2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3107" data-file-height="3107" /></a><figcaption>Dom na rosyjskim osiedlu Alexandrowka w Poczdamie, Peter Joseph Lenné, Carlo Rossi (1826–1827) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg/220px-Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg/330px-Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg/440px-Wiki_pogodinskaya_izba_moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>Izba Pogodinska na Dziewiczym Polu, Nikołaj Nikitin (1856) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3064" /></a><figcaption>Dom braci Stepanowych w Czelabińsku (ok. 1865) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg/220px-Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg/330px-Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg/440px-Hartmann_--_Plan_for_a_City_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Projekt Bramy Kijowskiej, Wiktor Hartmann (1869) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Projekt tymczasowego Teatru Ludowego w Moskwie, Wiktor Hartmann (1872) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_expo_1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Moscow_expo_1872.jpg/220px-Moscow_expo_1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Moscow_expo_1872.jpg/330px-Moscow_expo_1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Moscow_expo_1872.jpg/440px-Moscow_expo_1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Pawilon Moskiewskiej Wystawy Politechnicznej z 1872 roku, Dmitrij Cziczagow i inni (1872) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg/220px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg/330px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg/440px-Abramtsevo_Estate_in_Jan2013_img07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4147" data-file-height="2765" /></a><figcaption>Bania w Abramcewie, Iwan Ropet (1872–1878) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg/440px-Hartmann_Naval_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Szkic rosyjskiego pawilonu marynarki na Targach Światowych w Wiedniu, Wiktor Hartmann (1873) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22,_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%22%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%9F._%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%22%2C_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4356" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption>Siedziba Sukaczewa w Irkucku (1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:BialowiezaDG.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BialowiezaDG.JPG/220px-BialowiezaDG.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BialowiezaDG.JPG/330px-BialowiezaDG.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BialowiezaDG.JPG/440px-BialowiezaDG.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Dworek Gubernatora Grodzieńskiego w Białowieży (1845, późniejsza neorosyjska przebudowa) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Dom Turgieniewów w Spasskoje-Lutowinowie (powojenna rekonstrukcja budynku z około 1880 roku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_1896_coronation_stand,_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_1896_coronation_stand%2C_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Przystanek koronacyjny na Placu Zwycięstwa w Moskwie, Fiodor Schechtel (1896) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ropet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ropet.jpg/220px-Ropet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ropet.jpg/330px-Ropet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ropet.jpg/440px-Ropet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Szkic pawilonu rosyjskiego na Wystawie Światowej w Paryżu, Iwan Ropet (1878) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24)_18.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8_24%29_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Dom kupców Agafurowych w Jekaterynburgu (lata 90. XIX wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_104_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Dom Naumowych w Carewokokszajsku (koniec XIX wieku) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%28%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Dom Łosiewów w Seriedzie (koniec XIX wieku). Styl neorosyjski i modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg/220px-Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg/330px-Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg/440px-Le_pavillon_de_la_Russie_%C3%A0_l%27exposition_universelle_de_Paris_en_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="915" /></a><figcaption>Pawilon rosyjski na Wystawie Światowej w Paryżu, Robert Friedrich Meltzer (1900) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Harppulinna_Villa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harppulinna_Villa.jpg/220px-Harppulinna_Villa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harppulinna_Villa.jpg/330px-Harppulinna_Villa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Harppulinna_Villa.jpg/440px-Harppulinna_Villa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Harppulinna – dacza carska w Kellomäki (Komarowo), Gawriła Baranowski (początek XX w.) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5776" data-file-height="3965" /></a><figcaption>Izba „Teremok” we Fljonowie, Siergiej Maljutin (1901) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_45.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG/220px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG/330px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG/440px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_45.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Dworek Szorina w Gorochowcu (początek XX w.). Styl neorosyjski, modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:TomskBelinskogo19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TomskBelinskogo19.jpg/220px-TomskBelinskogo19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TomskBelinskogo19.jpg/330px-TomskBelinskogo19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TomskBelinskogo19.jpg/440px-TomskBelinskogo19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Dom mieszkalny w Tomsku, Stanisław Chomicz (1904–1917) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption>Dom Bokouninów w Uljanowsku (1916) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W 1815 roku <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rossi_(1775%E2%80%931849)" title="Carlo Rossi (1775–1849)">Carlo Rossi</a> zaprojektował dla carycy <a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Romanowa" title="Elżbieta Romanowa">Elżbiety</a> typowo rosyjską wieś do parku w <a href="/wiki/Paw%C5%82owsk" title="Pawłowsk">Pawłowsku</a>. W latach 1826–1827 zostało na zlecenie <a href="/wiki/Fryderyk_Wilhelm_III_Pruski" title="Fryderyk Wilhelm III Pruski">Fryderyka Wilhelma III</a> wybudowane rosyjskie <a href="/wiki/Alexandrowka" title="Alexandrowka">osiedle Alexandrowka</a> w <a href="/wiki/Poczdam" title="Poczdam">Poczdamie</a>. Osiedle w formie <a href="/wiki/Hipodrom" title="Hipodrom">hipodromu</a> z <a href="/wiki/Krzy%C5%BC_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tego_Andrzeja" title="Krzyż świętego Andrzeja">krzyżem świętego Andrzeja</a> zostało zaprojektowane przez <a href="/wiki/Peter_Joseph_Lenn%C3%A9" title="Peter Joseph Lenné">Petera Josepha Lennégo</a>, a wybudowane przez Johanna Georga Morscha Starszego. Plany poszczególnych domów Alexandrowki bazowały na rysunkach <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rossi_(1775%E2%80%931849)" title="Carlo Rossi (1775–1849)">Carla Rossiego</a>, który podarował swoje szkice pruskiemu królowi podczas wizyty u carycy w 1818 roku. W 1853 roku został na zamówienie cara <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_I_Romanow" title="Mikołaj I Romanow">Mikołaja I</a> wybudowany we wsi Nizino pod <a href="/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof">Peterhofem</a> „wzorcowy” wiejski, drewniany dom rosyjski. W 1856 roku Nikołaj Nikitin zaprojektował w duchu <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82owianofilstwo" title="Słowianofilstwo">słowianofilstwa</a> malutką Izbę Pogodinską na Dziewiczym Polu. Wznoszenie wiejskich budynków ze specjalnie podkreślanymi elementami ludowymi w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku wynikało z trendów sentymentalnych, romantycznych i poczucia wyjątkowości rosyjskiej architektury ludowej. Projekty te stały się źródłem inspiracji dla kolejnych, niekiedy bardzo okazałych drewnianych: <a href="/wiki/Izba" title="Izba">izb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacza" title="Dacza">dacz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bania_(%C5%82a%C5%BAnia)" title="Bania (łaźnia)">bani</a>, siedzib (ros. usadba), dworków (ros. osobnjak), pałaców i dworów (ros. dworiec). Ważnymi zabytkami, które miały wpływ na rozwój stylu są: dworek braci Stiepanowych w Czelabińsku z około 1865 roku zainspirowany uralskim budownictwem ludowym, bania „Teremok” (1872–1878)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> i studio-pracownia w Abramcewie (1873–1877)<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a>, dom Sazanowa w Ostaszewie (1897) i izba „Teremok” we Fljonowie (1901). Budownictwo tego typu uległo z czasem wpływom modernizmu (np. dworek Szorina w Gorochowcu z początku XX wieku) i eklektyzmu, np. dacza Marii Kleinmichel na Wyspie Kamiennej (1908–1911) i dacza Pawła Baszenina w <a href="/wiki/Sarapu%C5%82" title="Sarapuł">Sarapule</a> (1909) z elementami neogotyku<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[27]</a>. Do rzadkich, zachowanych przykładów małej architektury neorosyjskiej w Polsce należy Dworek Gubernatora Grodzieńskiego (1845, neorosyjska przebudowa nastąpiła później) w parku pałacowym w Białowieży. Do architektów inspirujących się folklorem i stosujących nowe, niestandardowe formy należeli Wiktor Hartmann i Iwan Ropet. Zapoczątkowany przez nich fantazyjny styl bywa nazywany „baśniowym”. Położyli oni podwaliny pod rosyjską architekturę pawilonów wystawienniczych, carskich stacji koronacyjnych, przystanków, kiosków itp. W XX wieku kontynuatorami tej tradycji stali się <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_Schechtel" title="Fiodor Schechtel">Fiodor Schechtel</a> i Ilja Gołosow<a href="#cite_note-:37-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:38-27">[27]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Styl_neobizantyjski">Styl neobizantyjski</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Edytuj sekcję: Styl neobizantyjski" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=36" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Styl neobizantyjski">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Styl neobizantyjski</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg/220px-St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg/330px-St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg/440px-St_Sophia_cathedral_Pushkin_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Sobór Mądrości Bożej w Carskim Siole, Iwan Starow i inni (1780–1788) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_A%C5%82agirze" title="Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałagirze">Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałagirze</a>, Grigorij Gagarin (1851) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Sevastopol_04-14_img09_Vladimir_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="3678" /></a><figcaption>Sobór. św. Włodzimierza w Sewastopolu, K. Thon (1854–1888) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg/220px-Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg/330px-Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg/440px-Sevastopol_Chersonesus_Saint_Vladimir_Cathedral_IMG_0749_1725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Chersonezie_Taurydzkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Chersonezie Taurydzkim">Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Chersonezie Taurydzkim</a>, Dawid Grimm (1858–1891) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg/220px-St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg/330px-St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg/440px-St_Petersburg_Dmitry_Solunsky_church_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_z_Tesaloniki_w_Petersburgu_(prospekt_Ligowski)" title="Cerkiew św. Dymitra z Tesaloniki w Petersburgu (prospekt Ligowski)">Cerkiew św. Dymitra z Sołunia w Petersburgu</a>, Roman Kuźmin (1861–1865) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Kijowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Kijowie">Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Kijowie</a>, Aleksandr Beretti (1862–1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis,_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_(Q_86825).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg/220px-A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg/330px-A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg/440px-A_Russian_cathedral_in_Tiflis%2C_the_capital_of_Georgia._IWM_%28Q_86825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Sobór wojskowy Aleksandra Newskiego w Tbilisi (1871–1897, Dawid Grimm) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg/220px-Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg/330px-Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg/440px-Cerkiew_Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_%C5%81odzi" title="Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Łodzi">Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Łodzi</a>, Hilary Majewski (1881–1884) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Savior-on-Blood_draft,_Victor_Shroeter_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg/220px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg/330px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg/440px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Victor_Shroeter_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Projekt soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na Krwi w Petersburgu, Wiktor Schröter (1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Savior-on-Blood_draft,_Ivan_Bogomolov_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg/220px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg/330px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg/440px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Ivan_Bogomolov_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Projekt soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na Krwi w Petersburgu, Iwan Bogomolow (1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Savior-on-Blood_draft,_Antony_Tomishko_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg/220px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg/330px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg/440px-Savior-on-Blood_draft%2C_Antony_Tomishko_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Projekt soboru Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego na Krwi w Petersburgu, Antoni Tomiszko (1882) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E,_100_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%9E%2C_100_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="2934" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_%E2%80%9EMi%C5%82uj%C4%85ca%E2%80%9D_w_Petersburgu" title="Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Miłująca” w Petersburgu">Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Miłująca” w Petersburgu</a>, Wasilij Kosjakow (1887–1898) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/220px-%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/330px-%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/440px-%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Charkowie" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Charkowie">Sobór Zwiastowania w Charkowie</a>, Michaił Łowcow (1888–1901) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Nowoczerkasku" title="Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Nowoczerkasku">Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Nowoczerkasku</a>, Aleksandr Jaszczenko (1891–1904) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg/220px-Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg/330px-Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg/440px-Kauno_soboras._2007-04-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_Archanio%C5%82a_w_Kownie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościół św. Michała Archanioła w Kownie">Dawny sobór św. Piotra i Pawła w Kownie</a>, K. Limarenko (1891–1895) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg/220px-Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg/330px-Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg/440px-Novoafonsky_monastyr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>Sobór św. Pantelejmona monasteru św. Szymona Kananejczyka w Nowym Atonie, Nikołaj Nikołow (1898–1900) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:2014_Nowy_Aton,_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg/220px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg/330px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg/440px-2014_Nowy_Aton%2C_Monaster_Nowy_Athos_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="3773" /></a><figcaption>Wejście do monasteru św. Szymona Kananejczyka w Nowym Atonie, Nikołaj Nikołow (1898–1900) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg/220px-Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg/330px-Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg/440px-Ioannovsky_Convent_SPB_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monaster_%C5%9Bw._Jana_Rylskiego_w_Petersburgu" title="Monaster św. Jana Rylskiego w Petersburgu">Monaster św. Jana Rylskiego w Petersburgu</a>, Nikołaj Nikonow (1901–1903) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg/220px-W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg/330px-W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek_cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._miko%C5%82aja_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_we_W%C5%82oc%C5%82awku" title="Cerkiew św. Mikołaja we Włocławku">Cerkiew św. Mikołaja we Włocławku</a>, W.I. Jakunin (1902–1906) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg/220px-Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg/330px-Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg/440px-Naval_Cathedral_of_St_Nicholas_in_Kronstadt_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Kronsztadzie" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Kronsztadzie">Morski Sobór w Kronsztadzie</a>, Wasilij Kosjakow (1903–1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Krapivensky_Lane,_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Krapivensky_Lane%2C_Constantinople_Metochion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Północne skrzydło metochionu Patriarchatu Konstantynopolitańskiego w Moskwie, Siergiej Radionow (1883) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Lower_Summer_Residence_(Peterhof)_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg/220px-Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg/330px-Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg/440px-Lower_Summer_Residence_%28Peterhof%29_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>Dolna dacza w Peterhofie, Antoni Tomiszko (1883–1897). Eklektyzm z przewagą stylu neobizantyjskiego </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Stromynka_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Stromynka_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Przytułek braci Bojewych w Moskwie, Aleksandr Ober (lata 90. XIX w.). Wariant neobizantyjsko-neorosyjski </figcaption></figure></div></div> Rosyjskie budownictwo neobizantyjskie pojawiło się wraz z obecnością Rosjan na Bałkanach i Kaukazie na przełomie lat 40. i 50. XIX wieku, inspiracją miejscową sztuką i zabytkami bizantyjskimi, w tym <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagią Sophią</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-:41-107">[107]</a>. Najstarszym, odosobnionym przykładem nawiązań do architektury bizantyjskiej połączonej z klasycyzmem jest sobór Mądrości Bożej w Carskim Siole (1780–1788). Od lat 20. XIX wieku pewne cechy bizantyjskie wykazują również staroruskie formy w stylu neorosyjskim. W przeciwieństwie do stylu neorosyjskiego, styl neobizantyjski był rozwijany również w pozostałych krajach prawosławnych, krajach niemieckich, Palestynie, Anglii, USA i innych<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a>. Architektura neobizantyjska była rozwijana w wielu odmianach i regionach Rosji, w szczególności na południu Cesarstwa<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a>. Do pionierów architektury neobizantyjskiej należeli m.in. <a href="/wiki/Grigorij_Gagarin_(malarz)" title="Grigorij Gagarin (malarz)">Grigorij Gagarin</a>, Dawid Grimm, Wasilij Kosjakow, Roman Kuźmin. Najstarsze przykłady stylu neobizantyjskiego stanowią kolejno: <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Wniebowst%C4%85pienia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_A%C5%82agirze" title="Sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałagirze">sobór Wniebowstąpienia Pańskiego w Ałagirze</a> (1851), sobór. św. Włodzimierza w Sewastopolu (1854–1888), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Chersonezie_Taurydzkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Chersonezie Taurydzkim">sobór św. Włodzimierza w Chersonezie</a> (1858–1891), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Jerozolimie" title="Sobór Trójcy Świętej w Jerozolimie">sobór Trójcy Świętej w Jerozolimie</a> (1860) i niezachowana <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Dymitra_z_Tesaloniki_w_Petersburgu_(prospekt_Ligowski)" title="Cerkiew św. Dymitra z Tesaloniki w Petersburgu (prospekt Ligowski)">cerkiew św. Dymitra z Sołunia w Petersburgu</a> (1861–1865). W latach 1862–1882 z okazji 900. rocznicy chrztu Rusi wybudowano <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._W%C5%82odzimierza_w_Kijowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobór św. Włodzimierza w Kijowie">sobór św. Włodzimierza w Kijowie</a>. W prace nad soborem byli zaangażowani najprzedniejsi ówcześni artyści rosyjscy (m.in. Aleksandr Beretti, <a href="/wiki/Wiktor_Wasniecow" title="Wiktor Wasniecow">Wiktor Wasniecow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Wrubel" title="Michaił Wrubel">Michaił Wrubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Niestierow" title="Michaił Niestierow">Michaił Niestierow</a>). Niezachowany sobór wojskowy Aleksandra Newskiego w Tbilisi (1871–1897) stał się wzorem przemysłowym dla następnych neobizantyjskich soborów rosyjskich, zanim został jeszcze ukończony. Ostateczny wariant proporcji świątyń neobizantyjskich został ustalony w projekcie <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Ikony_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_%E2%80%9EMi%C5%82uj%C4%85ca%E2%80%9D_w_Petersburgu" title="Cerkiew Ikony Matki Bożej „Miłująca” w Petersburgu">cerkwi Ikony Matki Bożej „Miłująca” w Petersburgu</a> (1887–1898). Do budowli najbardziej odbiegających od panujących standardów należą monumentalny <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_Zwiastowania_w_Charkowie" title="Sobór Zwiastowania w Charkowie">sobór Zwiastowania w Charkowie</a> (1888–1901) i <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_Archanio%C5%82a_w_Kownie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościół św. Michała Archanioła w Kownie">sobór św. Piotra i Pawła w Kownie</a> z <a href="/wiki/Porz%C4%85dek_koryncki" title="Porządek koryncki">kolumnami korynckimi</a> (1891–1895)<a href="#cite_note-:41-107">[107]</a>. Do najokazalszych świątyń <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Polskie_(kongresowe)" title="Królestwo Polskie (kongresowe)">Królestwa Polskiego</a> należała niezachowana <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_we_W%C5%82oc%C5%82awku_(1906%E2%80%931925)" title="Cerkiew św. Mikołaja we Włocławku (1906–1925)">cerkiew św. Mikołaja we Włocławku</a> (1902–1906)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-kopuły-111">[111]</a>. Od początku XX wieku styl neobizantyjski zaczął być łączony z elementami modernizmu, np. w <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Kronsztadzie" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Kronsztadzie">soborze św. Mikołaja w Kronsztadzie</a> (1903–1913). Wpływ modernizmu był szczególnie widoczny w projektach Fiodora Schechela, Siergieja Sołowjowa i Ilji Bondarenki. Pojawiły się próby połączenia stylu neobizantyjskiego z neoklasycyzmem (projekty Władimira Adamowicza), neoromanizmem lub stylem neomauretańskim, np. <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Synagoga_Ch%C3%B3ralna_w_Sankt_Petersburgu" title="Wielka Synagoga Chóralna w Sankt Petersburgu">Wielka Synagoga Chóralna w Petersburgu</a> (1883–1893)<a href="#cite_note-:41-107">[107]</a>. Do rzadkich przykładów architektury świeckiej należą: niezachowana dolna dacza w Peterhofie (1883–1897), metochion Patriarchatu Konstantynopolitańskiego (1883), Teatr Cesarski w Tbilisi (1896) i przytułek braci Bojewych w Moskwie (lata 90. XIX wieku). Po 1917 roku styl neobizantyjski był rozwijany przez diasporę i emigrację rosyjską<a href="#cite_note-:41-107">[107]</a>. Po 1991 roku doszło do odrodzenia się stylu w Rosji i powstania szeregu nowych obiektów cerkiewnych. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retrospektywizm">Retrospektywizm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Edytuj sekcję: Retrospektywizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=37" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Retrospektywizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Retrospektywizm</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82._%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Politechnika Petersburska, Ernest-Friedrich Wirrich, Józef Padlewski (1899–1903) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_34_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Gmach II Towarzystwa Ubezpieczeń Wzajemnych w Petersburgu, Fiodor Lidvall (1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg/220px-DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg/330px-DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg/440px-DLT_Department_Store_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>Dom handlowy Gwardyjskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Petersburgu, Ernest-Friedrich Wirrich (1908). Retrospektywizm i modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG/220px-Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG/330px-Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG/440px-Kamennoostrovsky_Prospekt_65_Petersburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Dom czynszowy Markowa w Petersburgu, Władimir Szczuko (1908–1910) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Miejski Dom Uczelniany w Petersburgu, Aleksandr Dmitriew (1909–1911). Retrospektywizm barokowy </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg/220px-Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg/330px-Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg/440px-Institute_for_African_Studies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dom Tarasowa w Moskwie, Iwan Żołtowski (1909–1912). Retrospektywizm renesansowy </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Bolshaya_Sadovaya,_Schechtel_House,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Bolshaya_Sadovaya%2C_Schechtel_House%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>Dom Schechtela w Moskwie (1910) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg/220px-Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg/330px-Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg/440px-Wiki_Varvarskye_Gates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Przedsiębiorczy w Moskwie, Iwan Kuzniecow (1911–1913). Retrospektywizm i modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg/220px-Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg/330px-Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg/440px-Moscow_NorthernInsuranceBuilding_I01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3095" data-file-height="2095" /></a><figcaption>Gmach Północnego Towarzystwa Ubezpieczeniowego w Moskwie, Marian Peretiatkowicz, Wiaczesław Ołtarzewski (1909–1911) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bolshoy96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bolshoy96.jpg/220px-Bolshoy96.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bolshoy96.jpg/330px-Bolshoy96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bolshoy96.jpg/440px-Bolshoy96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3778" data-file-height="2823" /></a><figcaption>Dom czynszowy Czubakowych w Petersburgu, Wilhelm van der Gucht (1910–1911) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tolst7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tolst7.JPG/220px-Tolst7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tolst7.JPG/330px-Tolst7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tolst7.JPG/440px-Tolst7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dom Tołstowski w Petersburgu, Fiodor Lidvall (1910–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG/220px-Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG/330px-Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG/440px-Russkii_pavil%27on-Turin_1911.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3271" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption>Projekt pawilonu rosyjskiego na Wystawie Międzynarodowej w Turynie, Władimir Szczuko (1911) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg/220px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg/330px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg/440px-Sankt-Pet%C4%9Brburg_134.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Dom handlowy Mertensa w Petersburgu, Marian Lalewicz (1911–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg/220px-Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg/330px-Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg/440px-Botschaft_Petersburg_Fassade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>Ambasada Cesarstwa Niemieckiego w Petersburgu, Peter Behrens (1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2012_Moika_various_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2615" /></a><figcaption>Dom Makarowa w Petersburgu, Iwan Fomin (1912–1914) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-34-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-PICT9939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>Biblioteka uniwersytecka w Tomsku, Andriej Kriaczko lub Lew Sziszko (1912–1914) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bank Wawalberg w Petersburgu, Marian Peretiatkowicz (1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg/220px-Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg/330px-Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg/440px-Hall_of_Tapestries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze daczy Połowcewa w Petersburgu, Iwan Fomin (1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG/220px-Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG/330px-Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG/440px-Azov-Don_Commercial_Bank_Building_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Bank Azowsko-Doński w Petersburgu, Fiodor Lidvall (1913) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Bank Państwowy w Rostowie nad Donem, Marian Peretiatkowicz (1913–1915) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg/220px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg/330px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg/440px-Nizhny_Novgorod_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption>Dom kupca Sirotkina w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, bracia Wiesniny (1913–1916) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kazan-vokzal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kazan-vokzal.jpg/220px-Kazan-vokzal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kazan-vokzal.jpg/330px-Kazan-vokzal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kazan-vokzal.jpg/440px-Kazan-vokzal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moskwa-Passa%C5%BCyrskaja-Kazanskaja" title="Moskwa-Passażyrskaja-Kazanskaja">Dworzec Kazański w Moskwie</a>, Aleksiej Szczusiew i inni (1913–1940) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5352" data-file-height="3538" /></a><figcaption>Dworzec Kijowski w Moskwie, Wiaczesław Ołtarzewski, Iwan Rerberg, Władimir Szuchow (1914–1918) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg/220px-Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg/330px-Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg/440px-Dom_s_bashnyami2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Dom z basztami w Petersburgu, Konstantin Rosenstein i inni (1915). Retrospektywizm klasycystyczny </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG/220px-%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG/330px-%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG/440px-%D0%91._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_18_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Bank Rosyjski w Petersburgu, Fiodor Lidvall (1915-1916) </figcaption></figure></div></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retrospektywizm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retrospektywizm (strona nie istnieje)">Retrospektywizm</a> w szerszym znaczeniu obejmował szereg rewizjonistycznych tendencji w sztuce rosyjskiej w latach 1900–1917, polegających na projektowaniu funkcjonalnych budynków, grafiki użytkowej itd. z użyciem nowoczesnych wówczas technologii i wyrazistych, czystych form sztuki minionych epok<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a>. Do głównych przedstawicieli retrospektywizmu w architekturze należeli propagatorzy włoskiej sztuki renesansowej (Andriej Biełogrud, Iwan Żołtowski, Marian Peretiatkowicz, Marian Lalewicz, Władimir Szczuko, Fiodor Lidvall), późnego baroku (Aleksandr Dmitriew, Lew Iljin, Nikołaj Lanceray) i przede wszystkim klasycyzmu (Jewgraf Wortyłow, Władimir Pokrowski, Stepan Kriczinski, Andriej Aplaksin, Iwan Żołtowski, Władimir Szczuko, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwan_Fomin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwan Fomin (strona nie istnieje)">Iwan Fomin</a>, bracia Wiesniny, Fiodor Schechtel)<a href="#cite_note-:17-113">[113]</a>. Retrospektywizm w ścisłym znaczeniu oznaczał nową falę neoklasycyzmu rosyjskiego na początku XX wieku. Neoklasycyzm jako jedyny nurt retrospektywizmu był rozwijany również po rewolucji w 1917 roku i ewoluował w kierunku monumentalnej architektury komunistycznej, bliskiej empire. Wielu spośród klasycystów zostało czołowymi przedstawicielami oficjalnej sztuki radzieckiej. Do głównych przykładów retrospektywizmu klasycystycznego należą liczne domy mieszkalne i towarowe Petersburga i Moskwy (lata 1900–1930), pałac Popowcewa na Wyspie Kamiennej (1911–1912), siedziba dyrekcji Kolei Świerdłowskiej (1925)<a href="#cite_note-:31-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-113">[113]</a>. Retrospektywizm renesansowy reprezentują dom Tarasowa w Moskwie (1912) i gmach banku Wawalberg w Petersburgu (1913), a retrospektywizm barokowy czasownia przy Soborze Sampsonowskim w Petersburgu (1909) w stylu baroku jelizawetyńskiego, <a href="/wiki/Moskwa-Passa%C5%BCyrskaja-Kazanskaja" title="Moskwa-Passażyrskaja-Kazanskaja">Dworzec Kazański w Moskwie</a> (1913–1940) w stylu baroku moskiewskiego i Miejski Dom Uczelniany Aleksandra Dmitriewa w Petersburgu (1910–1912) w stylu baroku piotrowskiego. Niekiedy do szeroko pojętego retrospektywizmu bywa zaliczany późny wariant architektury neorosyjskiej reprezentowany przez <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Szczusiew" title="Aleksiej Szczusiew">Aleksieja Szczusiewa</a>, Siergieja Sołowjowa, Ilję Bondarenkę i innych. W przeciwieństwie do starszych architektów neorosyjskich, retrospektywiści przywiązywali większą wagę do posługiwania się wyrazistymi, autentycznymi wzorami dawnej architektury rosyjskiej i nie wahali się korzystać ze zdobyczy modernizmu. Do najważniejszych budynków zaliczane są m.in. budynek Banku Państwowego w Niżnym Nowogrodzie (1910–1912) i Dworzec Kijowski w Moskwie (1914–1918)<a href="#cite_note-:17-113">[113]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernizm">Modernizm</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Edytuj sekcję: Modernizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=38" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Modernizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Architektura_secesji_w_Rosji" title="Architektura secesji w Rosji">Architektura secesji w Rosji</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Art_nouveau">Art nouveau</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Edytuj sekcję: Art nouveau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=39" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Art nouveau">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Secesja neorosyjska</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg/220px-Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg/330px-Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg/440px-Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1287" /></a><figcaption>Dworzec Jarosławowski w Moskwie (1902). Styl neorosyjski, modernizm i retrospektywizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg/220px-Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg/330px-Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg/440px-Savvinskoye_Podvorie_Moscow_Main_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Dwór Sawwiński w Moskwie, Iwan Kuzniecow (1905–1907). Styl neorosyjski i modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg/220px-Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg/330px-Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg/440px-Wiki_pertsov_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Dom czynszowy Piercowej w Moskwie, Nikołaj Żukow (1905–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Poltava_SBU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Poltava_SBU.jpg/220px-Poltava_SBU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Poltava_SBU.jpg/330px-Poltava_SBU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Poltava_SBU.jpg/440px-Poltava_SBU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Budynek Rosyjskiego Banku Rolniczego w Połtawie, Aleksandr Kobielew (1906–1908) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_(2013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg/220px-Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg/330px-Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg/440px-Nizhny_Novgorod._State_Bank_Building_%282013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Bank Państwowy w Niżnym Nowogrodzie, Władimir Pokrowski (1910–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG/220px-Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG/330px-Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG/440px-Moscow%2C_Nastasyinsky_3_June_2009_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>Fragment fasady Kasy sądu w Moskwie (1913–1916, Władimir Pokrowski i Bogdan Nilus) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sharonov_House_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sharonov_House_4.jpg/220px-Sharonov_House_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sharonov_House_4.jpg/330px-Sharonov_House_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sharonov_House_4.jpg/440px-Sharonov_House_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4788" data-file-height="3359" /></a><figcaption>Supraporta domu Szaranowa w Taganrogu, Fiodor Schechtel (1914) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Art nouveau stanowiło zróżnicowany kierunek w sztuce rosyjskiej w okresie od końca XIX wieku do 1918 roku, w ramach którego można wydzielić trzy główne nurty: modernizowany narodowy styl neorosyjski, modernizm północny (odpowiednik skandynawskiego romantyzmu narodowego) oraz modernizm moskiewski. W okresie tym doszło do gwałtownego rozwoju wielu dziedzin sztuki, szczególnie typografii, grafiki użytkowej, meblarstwa i innych rzemiosł artystycznych<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Art_nouveau_w_stylu_neorosyjskim">Art nouveau w stylu neorosyjskim</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Edytuj sekcję: Art nouveau w stylu neorosyjskim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=40" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Art nouveau w stylu neorosyjskim">edytuj kod</a>]</div> „Baśniowy” nurt w architekturze neorosyjskiej, nazywany niekiedy „secesją rosyjską”, rozwinął się w latach 70. XIX wieku (Wiktor Hartmann, Iwan Ropet, Fiodor Schechtel). Jednym z pierwszych przykładów był projekt budowy nowej Bramy Kijowskiej z 1869 roku Wiktora Hartmanna. Do głównych przykładów modernizmu w stylu neorosyjskim zalicza się przebudowę <a href="/wiki/Moskwa-Passa%C5%BCyrskaja-Jaros%C5%82awskaja" title="Moskwa-Passażyrskaja-Jarosławskaja">Dworca Jarosławskiego</a> w Moskwie (1902–1904) i dom „Skazka” w Petersburgu (1909, arch. Aleksandr Bernardazzi)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Modernizm_północny">Modernizm północny</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Edytuj sekcję: Modernizm północny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=41" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Modernizm północny">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Modernizm północny</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Dacza wielkiego kniazia Borysa Władymirowicza w Carskim Siole (1896–1897) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2776" data-file-height="1896" /></a><figcaption>Hauswald na Kamiennym Ostrowie (1898) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg/220px-Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg/330px-Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg/440px-Follenweider%27s_private_residence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Dom Follenweidera na Kamiennym Ostrowie (1903, arch. Robert Meltzer) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/220px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/330px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/440px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>Siedziba kompanii Singer w Petersburgu (1902). Modernizm i retrospektywizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg/220px-Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg/330px-Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg/440px-Eliseevs%27_House_SPB_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Dom handlowy „Bracia Jelisiejewy” w Petersburgu, Gawriił Baranowski (1902–1903). Modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Eliseev-gastronom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eliseev-gastronom.jpg/220px-Eliseev-gastronom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eliseev-gastronom.jpg/330px-Eliseev-gastronom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Eliseev-gastronom.jpg/440px-Eliseev-gastronom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze domu handlowego „Bracia Jelisiejewy” w Petersburgu, Gawriił Baranowski (1902–1903). Modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dworzec_Witebski_(Petersburg)" title="Dworzec Witebski (Petersburg)">Przebudowa Dworca Witebskiego</a> (Petersburg, 1904) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg/220px-Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg/330px-Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg/440px-Vitebsky_Rail_Terminal_Vestibule_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2546" /></a><figcaption>Sala <a href="/wiki/Dworzec_Witebski_(Petersburg)" title="Dworzec Witebski (Petersburg)">Dworca Witebskiego</a> (Petersburg, 1904) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_15%2C_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_73_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3022" /></a><figcaption>Dom handlowy „Esders i Scheefhals” w Petersburgu, Konstantin de Rochefort (1906–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg/220px-Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg/330px-Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg/440px-Putilova%27s_house_-_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Dom czynszowy Putiłowej „z sowami” w Petersburgu, Ippolit Pretreaus (1906–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG/220px-Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG/330px-Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG/440px-Penza_gallery_IMG_3186.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2609" /></a><figcaption>Galeria Malarstwa w Penzie, Aleksandr von Hohen (1910–1912) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Pionierami tzw. „północnej architektury modernistycznej”, rozwijanej głównie w Petersburgu, guberniach nadbałtyckich i <a href="/wiki/Wielkie_Ksi%C4%99stwo_Finlandii" title="Wielkie Księstwo Finlandii">Wielkim Księstwie Finlandii</a> byli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiodor_Lidvall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiodor Lidvall (strona nie istnieje)">Fiodor Lidvall</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasilij_Motyljow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasilij Motyljow (strona nie istnieje)">Wasilij Motyljow</a>. Kolejnymi architektami odwołującymi się do modernizmu północnego byli m.in. Aleksandr von Hohen, Stanisław Brzozowski, Sima Minasz, Gawriił Baranowski, Paweł Suzor. Styl ten jest odpowiednikiem zachodniego romantyzmu narodowego i wyróżniał się na tle rosyjskiego modernizmu największym wpływem wzorów zachodnioeuropejskich, szczególnie skandynawskich. W 1897 roku <a href="/wiki/Siergiej_Diagilew" title="Siergiej Diagilew">Siergiej Dagilew</a> zorganizował w Petersburgu pierwszą wystawę 70 szwedzkich, norweskich i duńskich artystów modernistycznych, a w roku następnym także artystów rosyjskich i fińskich<a href="#cite_note-:28-119">[119]</a>. Obie wystawy miały wpływ na kształtowanie się modernizmu północnego w Rosji, który obok inspiracji sztuką skandynawską czerpał wzory z rosyjskiego folkloru, budownictwa ludowego i architektury staroruskiej. Szczególnie znamienne były wzajemne wpływy oraz związki artystyczne fińsko-rosyjskie, np. ojciec fińskiej architektury modernistycznej <a href="/wiki/Eliel_Saarinen" title="Eliel Saarinen">Eliel Saarinen</a> był zarazem członkiem <a href="/wiki/Akademia_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_w_Petersburgu" title="Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu">Akademii Sztuk Pięknych</a> w Petersburgu i należał do „<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiat_Sztuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Świat Sztuki">Świata Sztuki</a>”. Samo Wielkie Księstwo Finlandii stanowiło w latach 1809–1917 autonomiczną krainę Imperium Rosyjskiego. Modernizm północny był także rozwijany na terenie rosyjskich guberni nadbałtyckich, gdzie po 1917 roku stał się istotnym elementem architektury łotewskiej i estońskiej<a href="#cite_note-:27-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a>. Najstarszymi przykładami modernizmu na terenie dzisiejszej Rosji są luksusowe obiekty mieszkalne: dacza wielkiego kniazia Borysa Władymirowicza w Carskim Siole (1896–1897), Hauswald na Wyspie Kamiennej (1898, później dwukrotnie przebudowywany)<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willa_Matyldy_Krzesi%C5%84skiej" title="Willa Matyldy Krzesińskiej">willa Matyldy Krzesińskiej</a> w Petersburgu z oryginalnym oknem na sad (1904–1906) i dworek Czajewa w Petersburgu (1906–1907)<a href="#cite_note-:27-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a>. Kolejnymi ważnymi obiektami w Petersburgu są m.in. siedziba kompanii Singer (1902), dom Towarzystwa Handlowego „Bracia Jelisiejewy” (1902) i Dom Tołstowski (1910–1912)<a href="#cite_note-:27-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Secesja_moskiewska_i_inne_ośrodki">Secesja moskiewska i inne ośrodki</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Edytuj sekcję: Secesja moskiewska i inne ośrodki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=42" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Secesja moskiewska i inne ośrodki">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Secesja moskiewska i inne ośrodki</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:List_House_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/List_House_2014.jpg/220px-List_House_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/List_House_2014.jpg/330px-List_House_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/List_House_2014.jpg/440px-List_House_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Dom Listów w Moskwie, Lew Kekuszew (1898) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg/220px-Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg/330px-Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg/440px-Walcot_prechistensky_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Dom Jakunczikowa w Moskwie, William Walcot (1899) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Panneau <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Metropol_(Moskwa)" title="Hotel Metropol (Moskwa)">hotelu Metropol w Moskwie</a>, Lew Kekuszew, Michaił Wrubel (1899–1907) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/220px-Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/330px-Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/440px-Ryabushinsky_House_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Dom Rjabuszinskich w Moskwie, Fiodor Schechtel (1900) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG/220px-Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG/330px-Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG/440px-Moscow%2C_3rd_Rybinskaya_22_Feb_2009_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>Siedziba Dinga w Sokolnikach (1902) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/220px-Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/330px-Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg/440px-Wiki_Staraya_Square_Boyarsky_Dvor_by_Fyodor_Schechtel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Dwór bojarski w Moskwie (1901–1903, Fiodor Schechtel) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Yar_Restaurant,_A.Erichson,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Yar_Restaurant%2C_A.Erichson%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Restauracja Jar w Moskwie (1909–1913, Adolf Erichson) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG/220px-Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG/330px-Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG/440px-Moscow%2C_Prechistenka_28_May_2008_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Reliefy domu czynszowego Isakowa (Moskwa, 1906) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg/220px-Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg/330px-Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg/440px-Schechtel_mkhat_doors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Supraporta „Pływak”, Anna Gołubkina (Moskiewski Teatr Artystyczny, 1899–1903, F. Schechtel) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG/220px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG/330px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG/440px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8-5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dom_z_chimerami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom z chimerami">Dom z chimerami</a> w Kijowie (1901–1902, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Horodecki" title="Władysław Horodecki">Władysław Horodecki</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>Hotel Bolszaja Moskowskaja w Odessie (1901–1904, Towij Fichel i inni) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG/220px-Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG/330px-Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG/440px-Riga_Jugendstil_Alberta_iela_19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4524" data-file-height="3215" /></a><figcaption>Dom przy ulicy Elżbiety 10b w Rydze (1903, Michaił Eisenstein) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gribushin_House_(2008,_Perm,_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg/220px-Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg/330px-Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg/440px-Gribushin_House_%282008%2C_Perm%2C_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Relief narożny domu Gribuszina w Permie (1905, A. Turczewicz) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG/220px-Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG/330px-Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG/440px-Poltava_Zemstvo_SAM_0439_53-101-0523.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4336" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Połtawskie Gubernialne Ziemstwo (1903, Wasilij Kriczewski) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-4-DSN43436-Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Dom Nauki w Tomsku (1911–1912, Andriej Kriaczkow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Samara_da4a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Samara_da4a.jpg/220px-Samara_da4a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Samara_da4a.jpg/330px-Samara_da4a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Samara_da4a.jpg/440px-Samara_da4a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="1638" /></a><figcaption>Dacza Gołownika „ze słoniami” w Samarze (1908–1909) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG/220px-Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG/330px-Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG/440px-Az%C9%99rbaycan_D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_Akademik_Opera_v%C9%99_Balet_Teatr%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_binas%C4%B1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4540" data-file-height="3163" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Opery i Baletu w Baku (1910–1911, Nikołaj Bajew) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Modernizm moskiewski wyróżniał się większym przywiązaniem do lekkich form secesyjnych niż surowy modernizm północny. Do głównych architektów należeli Lew Kekuszew, <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_Schechtel" title="Fiodor Schechtel">Fiodor Schechtel</a>, Aleksandr Zelenko, Gieorgij Makajew i Iwan Strukow. Najstarszym przykładem modernizmu moskiewskiego jest siedziba Lista w Moskwie (1898)<a href="#cite_note-:33-125">[125]</a>. Do kolejnych, podobnych projektów należą: dom Jakunczikowa Williama Walcota (1899), domy Rjabuszinskich (1900) i Dzierażynskich (1901) zaprojektowane przez Fiodora Schechtela, siedziba Dinga w Sokolnikach (1902) i dom Mindowskiego na ul. Powarskiej (1903). Do ważnych obiektów moskiewskich zalicza się także <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Metropol_(Moskwa)" title="Hotel Metropol (Moskwa)">Hotel Metropol</a> (1899–1907), Typografia Levensona (1900), dom czynszowy „Sokoł” (1902) i Dwór Bojarski (1901–1903)<a href="#cite_note-:33-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a>. Rosyjska architektura secesyjna była rozwijana także poza Moskwą i Petersburgiem, głównie w Rydze (np. budynki <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Eisenstein" title="Michaił Eisenstein">Michaiła Eisensteina</a>), w kaukaskich miasteczkach turystycznych i senatoriach (np. dom handlowy Oganowa we <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adykaukaz" title="Władykaukaz">Władykaukazie</a> z 1903 roku), na <a href="/wiki/Powo%C5%82%C5%BCe" title="Powołże">Powołżu</a>, gdzie powstawały budynki z silnymi wpływami <a href="/wiki/Secesja_Wiede%C5%84ska" title="Secesja Wiedeńska">secesji wiedeńskiej</a> (np. dacza Gołownika „ze słoniami” w <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samarze</a> z 1908 i Hotel Astoria w <a href="/wiki/Sarat%C3%B3w" title="Saratów">Saratowie</a> z 1917 roku) oraz na wielu innych miejscach. W latach 1902–1903 doszło do wykształcenia się ukraińskiego stylu modernistycznego, który był rozwijany w wielu miastach Ukrainy i południa Rosji. Do pionierów nowego stylu należeli: rosyjski architekt Iwan Kuzniecow, autor projektu cerkwi Opieki Przeświętej Bogurodzicy w Plesziwcu (1902) oraz Wasilij Kriczewski, główny architekt Połtawskiego Gubernialnego Ziemstwa (1903). Artyści inspirowali się głównie idealizowanym, lokalnym budownictwem ludowym i dawnym barokiem kozackim. Podczas I wojny światowej, rewolucji w Rosji i utraty części terytoriów rozwój modernizmu na utraconych obszarach zaczął podążać w różnych kierunkach<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nowoczesna_inżynieria">Nowoczesna inżynieria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Edytuj sekcję: Nowoczesna inżynieria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=43" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Nowoczesna inżynieria">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Nowoczesna inżynieria</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg/220px-Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg/330px-Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg/440px-Aurora_cruiser_passes_under_opened_Palace_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5707" data-file-height="3805" /></a><figcaption>Otwarty Most Pałacowy z krążownikiem Aurora (Petersburg, 1916) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE._1840-%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Parowozownia linii kolejowej Moskwa – Petersburg w Moskwie, Konstantin Thon (1846–1851) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG/220px-Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG/330px-Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG/440px-Structure_of_the_Roof_of_Upper_Trading_Rows_by_Vladimir_Shukhov_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dach Wierchnich Torgowych Riad (1893, inż. Władimir Szuchow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg/220px-The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg/330px-The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg/440px-The_old_rail_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_River_near_Krasnoyarsk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Krasnojarski Most Kolejowy na Jeniseju (1895-1899, inż. Jewgienij Knorre) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG/220px-Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG/330px-Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG/440px-Roof_of_Kievsky_Railway_Station_by_Vladimir_Shukhov.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Dworzec Kijowski w Moskwie (1914–1918) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg/220px-First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg/330px-First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg/440px-First_Shukhov_Tower_Nizhny_Novgorod_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3105" data-file-height="2683" /></a><figcaption>Wieża Szuchowa na XVI Wszechrosyjskiej Wystawie (1896) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg/220px-Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg/330px-Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg/440px-Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Wieża radiodyfuzyjna w Moskwie (1922, inż. Władimir Szuchow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg/220px-Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg/330px-Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg/440px-Moscow_NovayaSquare652_L17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption>Dom Moskiewskiego Towarzystwa Kupieckiego, <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_Schechtel" title="Fiodor Schechtel">Fiodor Schechtel</a> (1909). Modernizm </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg/220px-Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg/330px-Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg/440px-Central_telegraph_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Budynek_Centralnego_Telegrafu" title="Budynek Centralnego Telegrafu">Budynek Centralnego Telegrafu</a> w Moskwie, Iwan Rerberg (1925–1927). Modernizm i konstruktywizm </figcaption></figure></div></div> Nowoczesne budownictwo pojawiło się w Rosji pod koniec XIX wieku dzięki doświadczeniom sztuki inżynierskiej, związanym z budową kolei, górnictwem i ogólnym rozwojem przemysłu. Zaczęły powstawać wtedy mosty o wielkich rozpiętościach (niekiedy otwierane), wielkie piece hutnicze, doki pływające, stalowe wieżowce, rusztowe maszty radiodyfuzyjne. Wprowadzanie nowych materiałów (żelbet, stal, szkło) umożliwiło gwałtowny rozwój budownictwa. Główną rolę w konstruowaniu nowych obiektów odegrał <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Szuchow" title="Władimir Szuchow">Władimir Szuchow</a>, który w roku 1896 opracował konstrukcję wieży stalowej w kształcie hiperboloidy obrotowej, odznaczającą się znaczną wytrzymałością, lekkością i prostotą wykonania. Około 200 takich stalowych konstrukcji zbudowano jako wieże ciśnień, latarnie morskie, wieże radiowe itd. Budowano też wieże wielopiętrowe, montowane metodą „teleskopową”. Innym poważnym wkładem Szuchowa w rozwój budownictwa były jego prace nad lekkimi, ekonomicznymi przykryciami przestrzennymi, w wielu przypadkach znacznie wyprzedzającymi jego epokę. Do przykładów nowoczesnego budownictwa należą: <a href="/wiki/Wierchnije_Torgowyje_Riady" class="mw-redirect" title="Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady">Wierchnije Torgowyje Riady</a> (1893), dom Moskiewskiego Towarzystwa Kupieckiego (1909, arch. <a href="/wiki/Fiodor_Schechtel" title="Fiodor Schechtel">Fiodor Schechtel</a>), otwierany Most Pałacowy w Petersburgu (1916). Po 1917 roku architektura modernistyczna w Rosji zaczęła ewoluować w kierunku konstruktywizmu. W stylu obu kierunków – modernistycznego i konstruktywistycznego został zaprojektowany m.in. <a href="/wiki/Budynek_Centralnego_Telegrafu" title="Budynek Centralnego Telegrafu">Budynek Centralnego Telegrafu</a> w Moskwie (1925–1927, arch. Iwan Rerberg)<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Awangarda">Awangarda</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Edytuj sekcję: Awangarda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=44" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Awangarda">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Awangarda rosyjska obejmowała szereg zjawisk i zróżnicowanych kierunków w ramach <a href="/wiki/Modernizm_(sztuka)" title="Modernizm (sztuka)">modernizmu</a>, które pojawiły się w sztuce rosyjskiej w latach 1900–1932. Szczególne miejsce w architekturze rosyjskiej zajęły kierunki: <a href="/wiki/Konstruktywizm_(sztuka)" title="Konstruktywizm (sztuka)">konstruktywizm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suprematyzm" title="Suprematyzm">suprematyzm</a> i racjonalizm. Pozostałe kierunki były rozwijane okazjonalnie, głównie w sferze projektowej. Była rozwijana nowoczesna inżynieria, m.in. inżynieria strukturalna <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Szuchow" title="Władimir Szuchow">Władimira Szuchowa</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Konstruktywizm">Konstruktywizm</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Edytuj sekcję: Konstruktywizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=45" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Konstruktywizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Konstruktywizm" class="mw-disambig" title="Konstruktywizm">konstruktywizm</a>.</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Konstruktywizm</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg/220px-Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg/330px-Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Die_Kunst_ist_tot.Tatlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption> Sztuka umarła. Niech żyje maszynowa sztuka Tatlina! Zdjęcie <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Georga Grosza</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">Johna Heartfielda</a> zachwyconych konstruktywizmem (1920) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg/220px-Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg/330px-Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg/440px-Tatlin%27s_Tower_maket_1919_year.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2247" /></a><figcaption> Model Wieży III Międzynarodówki dla Piotrogrodu, Władimir Tatlin (1919) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_(1923).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg/220px-Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg/330px-Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg/440px-Noy_Trotskiy._Project_of_Palace_of_Work_in_Moscow_%281923%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption> Plan Pałacu Pracy w Moskwie, bracia Wiesniny (1923) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg/220px-Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg/330px-Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg/440px-Photomontage_of_the_Wolkenbugel_by_El_Lissitzky_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1126" /></a><figcaption> Projekt „Wygładzaczy Chmur” w Moskwie (fotomontaż, 1923–1925, <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mosselprom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mosselprom.jpg/220px-Mosselprom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mosselprom.jpg/330px-Mosselprom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mosselprom.jpg/440px-Mosselprom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5665" data-file-height="7593" /></a><figcaption> Dom Mosselproma w Moskwie, bracia Wiesniny (1923–1925, A. Loleit i A. Rodczenko) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_(1925).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg/220px-Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg/330px-Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg/440px-Pavillon_de_l%27URSS_Paris_%281925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Pawilon radziecki na wystawie w Paryżu, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1925) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg/220px-Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg/330px-Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg/440px-Gorky_House_of_Culture_SPB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption> Dom Kulutry im. Gorkiego w Leningradzie, Aleksandr Gegello (1925–1927) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg/220px-Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg/330px-Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg/440px-Moscow_IzvestiaBuilding_0623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5089" data-file-height="3169" /></a><figcaption> Budynek gazety „Izwiestija”, Grigorij Brachin (1925–1927) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg/220px-Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg/330px-Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg/440px-Gostorg_building_Dec_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption> Budynek Gostorga w Moskwie (1925–1927, Boris Wielikowski) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg/220px-Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg/330px-Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg/440px-Textilfabrik_Rotes_Banner_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption> Fabryka „Krasnoje znamja” w Petersburgu (1925–1935, Ippolit Pretreaus, Erich Mendelsohn) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg/220px-Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg/330px-Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg/440px-Steel-roof-of-Novoryzansky-Garage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption> Garaż na Noworiazańskiej w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1926–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bus_melnikov.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bus_melnikov.JPG/220px-Bus_melnikov.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bus_melnikov.JPG/330px-Bus_melnikov.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bus_melnikov.JPG/440px-Bus_melnikov.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption> Garaż Bachmetiejewski w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1926–1927) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/220px-1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/330px-1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/440px-1931._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1._%D0%9C._%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption> Dom Kultury im. Zujewa, Ilja Gołosow (1927–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg/220px-Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg/330px-Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg/440px-Rusakov_workers_club_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1551" /></a><figcaption> Dom Kultury im. Rusakowa, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1927–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Melnikov_House_in_MSK_(img2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg/220px-Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg/330px-Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg/440px-Melnikov_House_in_MSK_%28img2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3270" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption> Dom Mielnikowa w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1927–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg/220px-Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg/330px-Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg/440px-Melnikov_Stairs_Svoboda_Club_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption> Klub Fabryki „Swoboda” w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a> (1927–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Barsch_planetarium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Barsch_planetarium.jpg/220px-Barsch_planetarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Barsch_planetarium.jpg/330px-Barsch_planetarium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Barsch_planetarium.jpg/440px-Barsch_planetarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="1986" /></a><figcaption> Wejście do Planetarium Moskiewskiego, Michaił Barszcz (1927–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg/220px-1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg/330px-1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg/440px-1931._%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%E2%84%961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption> Fabryka - kuchnia nr 1 w Moskwie, A. Mieszkow (1928–1929) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg/220px-Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg/330px-Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg/440px-Moscow_Narkomzem_X21a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4484" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption> Budynek Narkomzema w Moskwie, Aleksiej Szczusiew (1928–1933) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg/220px-Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg/330px-Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg/440px-Moscow_Narkomput_X37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5475" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption> Budynek Narkomputa w Moskwie, Iwan Fomin (1929–1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg/220px-Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg/330px-Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg/440px-Kirovsky_District_Council.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption> Kirowski Rajsowiet w Leningradzie, <a href="/wiki/Noj_Trocki" title="Noj Trocki">Noj Trocki</a> (1930–1935) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg/220px-Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg/330px-Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg/440px-Moscow_Communal_House_of_the_Textile_Institute_2013-08_1376592214.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2737" data-file-height="2531" /></a><figcaption> Dom-Komuna na ul. Ordżonikidze w Moskwie, Iwan Nikołajew (1929–1930) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg/220px-DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg/330px-DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/DK-ZIL_foyer1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption> Pałac Kultury ZIŁa w Moskwie, bracia Wiesniny (1930–1937) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg/220px-1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg/330px-1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg/440px-1932_Leningrad_Tech_College_Bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption> Techniczny dom uczelniany w Leningradzie, Aleksandr Gegello (1930–1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption> Fabryka – kuchnia w Samarze, Jekatierina Maksimowa (1930–1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF/lossy-page1-220px-%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF/lossy-page1-330px-%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF/lossy-page1-440px-%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%22.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption> Bolszoj dom w Petersburgu, Noj Trocki (1931–1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_31.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption> Internat „Sport” w miasteczku czekistów w Jekaterynburgu (1933) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C._%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8._1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption> Dom prasy w Kazaniu, Siemion Pеn (1933–1935) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg/220px-Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg/330px-Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg/440px-Rostov_academic_drama_theatre_named_after_M._Gorky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption> Gmach Państwowego Teatru Dramatycznego w Rostowie nad Donem, Władimir Szczuko, Władimir Helfreich (1935–1941) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W latach 1913–1920 uformował się w Rosji <a href="/wiki/Konstruktywizm_(sztuka)" title="Konstruktywizm (sztuka)">konstruktywizm</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-2">[2]</a>, który następnie zrewolucjonizował koncepcję sztuki na świecie. Wyznaczenie dokładnej daty powstania konstruktywizmu nie jest możliwe. Na powstanie kierunku złożyły się głównie: kubofuturyzm, projektowane od 1911 roku stalowe reliefy i sztuka maszynowa <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Tatlin" title="Władimir Tatlin">Władimira Tatlina</a>, teoria grafiki <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Rodczenko" title="Aleksandr Rodczenko">Aleksandra Rodczenki</a> z 1917 roku oraz koncepcja sztuki <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pevsner" title="Antoine Pevsner">Antoine Pevsnera</a> i <a href="/wiki/Naum_Gabo" title="Naum Gabo">Nauma Gabo</a> opublikowana w Manifeście realistycznym w 1920 roku<a href="#cite_note-:10-2">[2]</a>. W 1915 roku odbyła się pierwsza ekspozycja reliefów Tatlina w ramach „Ostatniej wystawy futurystycznej 0.10” w Petersburgu, na której także ogłoszono powstanie suprematyzmu, łączonego niekiedy z konstruktywizmem. Jako nazwa kierunku sztuki konstruktywizm pojawił się w latach 1917–1920. W 1919 roku odbyła się pierwsza wystawa młodych konstruktywistów z OBMACHU (1919–1923), a w 1921 roku odbyły się w Moskwie dwie kluczowe wystawy „5×5=25”<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-:29-135">[135]</a>. Konstruktywiści odrzucali całkowicie sztukę dekoratywną i koncentrowali się wyłącznie na znalezieniu funkcji przestrzeni i przedmiotu adekwatnej do potrzeby. To podejście zaowocowało rewolucją w architekturze, która doprowadziła do powstania tzw. <a href="/wiki/Styl_mi%C4%99dzynarodowy" title="Styl międzynarodowy">stylu międzynarodowego</a>. W przeciwieństwie do stylu międzynarodowego, radziecki konstruktywizm nie dążył do w pełni abstrakcyjnej i zdematerializowanej kompozycji, opierając się często na efektach kontrastu między elementami ciężkimi i lekkimi, sugerując przezwyciężenie grawitacji. Zakładane przez konstruktywistów zasady obejmowały początkowo anonimowość architektury, zastosowanie inżynierii maszynowej, metod przemysłowych i marksistowskich idei społecznych w budownictwie. Klasyczny konstruktywizm podkreślał też znaczenie samego procesu budowlanego, wprowadzając do architektury elementy wskazujące na możliwość kontynuacji i rozbudowy budynku, takie jak wybiegające w przestrzeń ramy, maszty i stropy<a href="#cite_note-:29-135">[135]</a>. Twórcami i głównymi przedstawicielami konstruktywizmu w architekturze byli: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Tatlin" title="Władimir Tatlin">Władimir Tatlin</a>, bracia Aleksandr, Wiktor i Leonid Wiesniny, Moisej Ginzburg, Ilja Gołosow, <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Leonidow" title="Iwan Leonidow">Iwan Leonidow</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mielnikow" title="Konstantin Mielnikow">Konstantin Mielnikow</a>, Grigorij Barchin, Michaił Barszcz i Władimir Władimirow. Za pierwsze dzieło architektoniczne konstruktywizmu uchodzi niezrealizowany projekt Wieży III Międzynarodówki w <a href="/wiki/Petersburg" title="Petersburg">Piotrogrodzie</a> (1919) Władimira Tatlina w postaci spiralnej kratownicowej wieży o wysokości 400 m i odchyleniem od pionu rzędu 23,5°, w którą wplecione były pomieszczenia użytkowe w kształcie brył elementarnych. Drugim kluczowym projektem jest Pałac Pracy w Moskwie (1923) braci Wiesninów. Na początku lat 20. konstruktywizm stał się najistotniejszym kierunkiem w nowoczesnej architekturze ZSRR. Czołowi konstruktywiści współpracowali z moskiewskim <a href="/wiki/Wchutiemas" title="Wchutiemas">Wchutiemasem</a>, który w 1926 roku został reorganizowany i działał pod zmienioną nazwą <a href="/wiki/Wchutiein" title="Wchutiein">Wchutietin</a>. Pod nazwą Wchutetin działała także siostrzana szkoła konstruktywistów w Leningradzie (1922–1930). W 1926 roku został utworzony Związek Nowoczesnych Architektów (OSA), pierwszy organ konstruktywistycznych budowniczych projektujących funkcjonalistyczne budynki, m.in. zmechanizowane fabryki-kuchnie (pierwsza z 1925 roku w <a href="/wiki/Iwanowo" title="Iwanowo">Iwanowie</a>), domy-komuny, zakładowe kluby robotnicze, fabryki, szpitale, szkoły itd. Najważniejszym pismem konstruktywistów była „Sowriemiennaja Architektura” (1926–1930)<a href="#cite_note-:29-135">[135]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Suprematyzm">Suprematyzm</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Edytuj sekcję: Suprematyzm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=46" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Suprematyzm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Suprematyzm" title="Suprematyzm">suprematyzm</a>.</div> Jedynym architektem suprematystycznym wywodzącym się z kręgu Malewicza i Unowisu był Lazar Chidekel, który w latach 1922–1932 zaprojektował suprematyczno-futurystyczne budynki, m.in. „Klub Robotniczy”, „Aero-Miasto”, „Miasto-Ogród” i „Miasto na wodzie”<a href="#cite_note-:20-136">[136]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bauhaus_i_artyści_zachodni_w_Rosji">Bauhaus i artyści zachodni w Rosji</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bauhaus i artyści zachodni w Rosji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=47" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bauhaus i artyści zachodni w Rosji">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Artyści zachodni w Rosji</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg/220px-The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg/330px-The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg/440px-The-may-brigade-in-the-ussr-1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="1702" /></a><figcaption>Brygada „Maj” Ernsta Maya w Niżnym Tagile (1931) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg/220px-Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg/330px-Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg/440px-Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1410.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5130" data-file-height="3665" /></a><figcaption>Budynek Centrosojuza w Moskwie, Le Corbusier (1928–1933) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Bauhaus (1919–1933) od samego początku wykazywał związki ze sztuką rosyjską, szczególnie Wchutiemasem. Pierwszym i zarazem jednym z głównych teoretyków Bauhausu został Wasilij Kandinski. W 1931 roku były dyrektor <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhausu</a> <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Meyer" title="Hannes Meyer">Hannes Meyer</a> przyjechał do Moskwy razem z ekipą około 30 specjalistów<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a>. W zespole specjalistów znalazło się 7 członków Bauhausu: René Mensch, Klaus Meumann, Konrad Püschel, Tibor Weiner, Anton Urban, Béla Scheffler i Philipp Tolziner<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a>. Specjaliści pracowali przy <a href="/wiki/Industrializacja" title="Industrializacja">industrializacji</a> ZSRR w ramach tzw. „Czerwonej Brygady Bauhausu”. Byli odpowiedzialni m.in. za budowę radzieckich „soc-miast” i fabryk w <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk" title="Magnitogorsk">Magnitogorsku</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-140">[140]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jekaterynburg" title="Jekaterynburg">Świerdłowsku</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orsk_(Rosja)" title="Orsk (Rosja)">Orsku</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-140">[140]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perm_(miasto)" title="Perm (miasto)">Permie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Solikamsk" title="Solikamsk">Solikamsku</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-:32-143">[143]</a>. W 1933 roku Hannes Meyer przedstawił plan generalny rozwoju <a href="/wiki/Birobid%C5%BCan" title="Birobidżan">Birobidżanu</a> w stylu Bauhausu, który został częściowo zrealizowany. Do architektów związanych w latach 20. i 30. z Rosją należeli także artyści <a href="/wiki/ABC_(czasopismo_szwajcarskie)" title="ABC (czasopismo szwajcarskie)">ABC</a>, głównie <a href="/wiki/Mart_Stam" title="Mart Stam">Mart Stam</a>, Hans Schmidt i Hannes Meyer. ABC stanowiło organ konstruktywistycznej międzynarodówki zainspirowany periodykiem Wieszcz. Gegenstand. Objet, wydawanym wcześniej przez El Lissitzkiego w <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinie</a>. Członkowie ABC weszli w skład brygady „Maj” w ZSRR i byli zaangażowani w budowę Magnitogorska, Makiejewki i Orska<a href="#cite_note-:32-143">[143]</a>. W Rosji działali ponadto: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Taut" title="Bruno Taut">Bruno Taut</a>, Albert Kahn, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_May" title="Ernst May">Ernst May</a> (plany satelickich miast robotniczych, zabudowa Magnitogroska, niezrealizowany plan rekonstrukcji Moskwy) i <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> (m.in. budynek Centrosojuza w Moskwie<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a>, alternatywny projekt <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Rad" title="Pałac Rad">Pałacu Rad</a> w Moskwie). Do nieco mniej intensywnych kontaktów rosyjskich artystów dochodziło z przedstawicielami <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a> i innych zachodnich grup artystycznych, znajdujących się pod wpływem sowieckiego suprematyzmu i konstruktywizmu<a href="#cite_note-:4-145">[145]</a>. W latach 1922–1926 na skutek odmiennych wizji artystycznych i sporów <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburga</a> z Mojse Ginzburgiem i innymi konstruktywistami dochodziło do stopniowego zrywania więzi łączących De Stijl i Rosję<a href="#cite_note-:4-145">[145]</a>. Niektórzy artyści związani z De Stijlem weszli jednak później w skład międzynarodowych brygad działających w ZSRR. Po 1932 roku w Rosji stopniowo rezygnowano z awangardy na rzecz postkonstruktywizmu i socrealizmu<a href="#cite_note-:32-143">[143]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Racjonalizm">Racjonalizm</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Edytuj sekcję: Racjonalizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=48" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Racjonalizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Racjonalizm</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:OBMAS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OBMAS.JPG/220px-OBMAS.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OBMAS.JPG/330px-OBMAS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OBMAS.JPG/440px-OBMAS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Studenci OBMASU z trójwymiarowymi modelami </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ladovsky_sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ladovsky_sketch.jpg/220px-Ladovsky_sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ladovsky_sketch.jpg/330px-Ladovsky_sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ladovsky_sketch.jpg/440px-Ladovsky_sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Kolektywne mieszkanie, Nikołaj Ładowski (1921) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow,_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg/220px-Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg/330px-Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg/440px-Moscow%2C_Sivtsev_Vrazhek_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>Blok nr 12 na ul. Siwcew Wrażek w Moskwie, Nikołaj Ładowski </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg/220px-EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg/330px-EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg/440px-EL-LISITZKY-OGONYOK-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption>Typografia „Aganiok” w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/El_Lissitzky" title="El Lissitzky">El Lissitzky</a> (1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg/220px-Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg/330px-Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg/440px-Metro_Sokolovsky_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3169" data-file-height="2068" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra Łubianka w Moskwie, Nikołaj Ładowski (1935) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Racjonalizm stanowił pokrewny konstruktywizmowi kierunek w architekturze rosyjskiej w latach 1920–1932. Do głównych jego przedstawicieli należeli Apolinarij Krasowski i Nikołaj Ładowski. Styl ten charakteryzował się surowością formy i podkreślaniem funkcjonalizmu architektury. W odróżnieniu od konstruktywizmu był położony w nim nacisk na psychologiczny aspekt postrzegania architektury. Kierunek ten był rozwijany w ramach OBMASu (1920–1923) przy Wchutiemasie, a następnie Asocjacji Nowych Architektów – ASNOWA (1923–1932) i Stowarzyszenia Architektów-Urbanistów – ARU (1928–1932). Do głównych projektów racjonalizmu należą kompleks mieszkalny na Szabałowce w Moskwie (1927), „Latające miasta” Giorgija Krutikowa (1928) i miasteczko artystyczne w Moskwie (1929–1934)<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Socrealizm">Socrealizm</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Edytuj sekcję: Socrealizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=49" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Socrealizm">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Socrealizm" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrealizm">Socrealizm</a>.</div> Po 1917 roku rewolucyjna sztuka proletariacka w Rosji ewoluowała w kierunku faworyzowanego od 1928 roku przez władze socrealizmu<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a>, stanowiącego splot ideologii komunistycznej z realistyczną manierą. Pierwszymi teoretykami socrealizmu byli <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Bogdanow" title="Aleksandr Bogdanow">Aleksandr Bogdanow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolij_%C5%81unaczarski" title="Anatolij Łunaczarski">Anatolij Łunaczarski</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Woronski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Woronski (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksandr Woronski</a>. Łunaczarski jako pierwszy wprowadził już w 1906 roku pojęcie „proletariacki realizm”<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a>. W 1932 roku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwan_Gronski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwan Gronski (strona nie istnieje)">Iwan Gronski</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walerij_Kirpotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walerij Kirpotin (strona nie istnieje)">Walerij Kirpotin</a> współpracując z <a href="/wiki/Komitet_Centralny_Komunistycznej_Partii_Zwi%C4%85zku_Radzieckiego" title="Komitet Centralny Komunistycznej Partii Związku Radzieckiego">politbiurem</a> i dysponując aprobatą <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Stalina</a>, rozpoczęli propagację terminu „socjalistyczny realizm” oraz głoszenie „konieczności” dostosowania awangardy do ogólnego kierunku rozwoju sztuki radzieckiej w nawiązaniu do tradycji klasycznej, nowych koncepcji realizmu i tzw. „typowości”. W 1934 roku socrealizm stał się ostatnim oficjalnym stylem w Rosji i dominował do lat 60. XX wieku<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Postkonstruktywizm_i_Art_déco">Postkonstruktywizm i Art déco</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Edytuj sekcję: Postkonstruktywizm i Art déco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=50" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Postkonstruktywizm i Art déco">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Postkonstruktywizm</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:State_Library_named_after_Lenin_(left_wing_of_the_building).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg/220px-State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg/330px-State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg/440px-State_Library_named_after_Lenin_%28left_wing_of_the_building%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Gmach Rosyjskiej Biblioteki Państwowej w Moskwie, Władimir Szczuko, Władimir Helfreich (1928–1958) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg/220px-Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg/330px-Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg/440px-Sverdlovsk_housing_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Wieżowiec w Świerdłowsku (1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="3657" /></a><figcaption>Dom Przemysłu w Samarze, W. Suchow (1933) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_school_518_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wiki_school_518_2.jpg/220px-Wiki_school_518_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wiki_school_518_2.jpg/330px-Wiki_school_518_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wiki_school_518_2.jpg/440px-Wiki_school_518_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Szkoła podstawowa nr 518 w Moskwie, Iwan Zwiezdin (1933) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg/220px-Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg/330px-Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg/440px-Yaweyn_kursky_fomin_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Hala Dworca Kurskiego, Iwan Fomin (1933) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:100flat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/100flat.jpg/220px-100flat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/100flat.jpg/330px-100flat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/100flat.jpg/440px-100flat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Stumieszkaniowy Dom w Nowosybirsku, Andriej Kriaczkow i Witalij Maslennikow (1934) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_(1934).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%281934%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Projekt Ludowego Komisariatu Przemysłu Ciężkiego w Moskwie, S. Leszczenko (1934) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg/220px-MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg/330px-MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg/440px-MosMetro_Aeroport_platform_01-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aeroport_(stacja_metra)" title="Aeroport (stacja metra)">Stacja metra „Aeroport” w Moskwie</a>, Boris Wilenski i W. Jerszow (1932–1938) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg/220px-ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg/330px-ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/ParkKulturyoldvest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Wejście do stacji metra „<a href="/wiki/Park_Kultury_(stacja_metra_na_linii_Sokolniczeskaja)" title="Park Kultury (stacja metra na linii Sokolniczeskaja)">Park Kultury</a>” w Moskwie, Giorgij Krutikow (1935) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg/220px-Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg/330px-Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg/440px-Sverdlovsk_hospital_yugov_1936_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Szpital w Świerdłowsku (1936) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg/220px-Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg/330px-Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg/440px-Sverdlovsk_housing_oransky_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Dom w Świerdłowsku, Oranski (1936) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg/220px-Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg/330px-Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg/440px-Moscow_golosov_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Dom na ulicy Jauzskiej 2 w Moskwie, Ilja Gołosow (1936–1941) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Posktonstruktywizm oznacza przejściowy etap w architekturze radzieckiej od awangardy do neoklasycystycznego stylu stalinowskiego i socrealizmu w latach 1932–1936 (u niektórych autorów górna granica bywa przesuwana do 1941 roku). Niekiedy etap ten bywa określany wczesną, przedwojenną architekturą stalinowską<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a>. Styl klasycystyczny, eklektyzm, empire, art déco, a nawet styl barokowy, typowe raczej dla dawnej arystokracji rosyjskiej, zaczęto utożsamiać ze stylem proletariackim. Dotychczasową sztukę awangardową stworzoną na potrzeby proletariatu, zaczęto tymczasem łączyć z burżuazją. Rozpoczęto kampanię przeciwko „kanciatej” architekturze konstruktywistycznej. Od lata 1932 roku nie zrealizowano ani jednego nowego konstruktywistycznego projektu w Rosji<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>. Postkonstruktywizm łączy w sobie elementy konstruktywizmu oraz klasycyzmu (ewentualnie innych tradycyjnych stylów) i zbiegł się z rozwojem <a href="/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco">Art déco</a> w Rosji, z którym bywał łączony. W 1925 roku na Międzynarodowej Wystawie Nowoczesnej Sztuki Dekoracyjnej i Przemysłowej w Paryżu, uważanej za pierwszą wystawę Art-déco, uczestniczyli również artyści rosyjscy<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>. Do przykładów Art déco w architekturze rosyjskiej należą „stumieszkaniowy dom” w Nowosybirsku (1934) i stacja metra „Aeroport” w Moskwie (1932). Do pionierów postkonstruktywizmu zaliczani są Iwan Fomin i Ilja Gołosow. Równolegle do postkonstruktywizmu był rozwijany w Rosji „czysty” neoklasycyzm przez takich architektów jak np. Władimir Szczuko. Do współczesnych budynków nawiązujących do projektów z lat 30. XX wieku należy m.in. kompleks mieszkalny na Preobrażenskiej Zastawie w Moskwie (2002–2005)<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Architektura_neoklasycystyczna_i_tradycjonalistyczna">Architektura neoklasycystyczna i tradycjonalistyczna</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=51" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura neoklasycystyczna i tradycjonalistyczna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=51" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura neoklasycystyczna i tradycjonalistyczna">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura neoklasycystyczna i tradycjonalistyczna</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg/220px-Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg/330px-Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg/440px-Sverdlovsk_Railway_Upravl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Kierownictwo Kolei Świerdłowskiej (Jekaterynburg, 1925–1928, K.T. Babykin) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg/220px-House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg/330px-House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg/440px-House_on_the_Embankment_in_the_evening_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5670" data-file-height="3822" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dom_na_nabierie%C5%BCnoj" title="Dom na nabierieżnoj">Dom na Nabierieżnoj</a> (Moskwa, 1927–1931, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Iofan" title="Boris Iofan">Boris Iofan</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG/220px-Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG/330px-Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG/440px-Moscow_HotelNational_1183.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2351" /></a><figcaption>Attyka Hotelu Nacional w Moskwie (1931–1932) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0,_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B3._%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nowosybirski_Teatr_Opery_i_Baletu" title="Nowosybirski Teatr Opery i Baletu">Nowosybirski Teatr Opery i Baletu</a> (1931–1954) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Frunzensky_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Frunzensky_1.jpg/220px-Frunzensky_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Frunzensky_1.jpg/330px-Frunzensky_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Frunzensky_1.jpg/440px-Frunzensky_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Uniwermag „Frunzenski” (Petersburg, 1934–1938, J. Katonin) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg/220px-Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg/330px-Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg/440px-Ivan_Fomin_NKTP_Contest_Entry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Projekt Ludowego Komisariatu Przemysłu Ciężkiego w Moskwie, Iwan Fomin (1934) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg/220px-Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg/330px-Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg/440px-Red_Army_Theatre_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Teatr Armii Czerwonej (Moskwa, 1934–1946, K.S. Ałabjan, W.N. Simbircew) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg/220px-Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg/330px-Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg/440px-Sovietpalace_1937_msheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Projekt <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Rad" title="Pałac Rad">Pałacu Rad</a> w Moskwie (1933) autorstwa <a href="/wiki/Boris_Iofan" title="Boris Iofan">Borisa Iofana</a> stanowił przełomowy moment w historii architektury rosyjskiej. Radziecki <a href="/wiki/Blok_(filatelistyka)" title="Blok (filatelistyka)">blok pocztowy</a> z 1937 roku </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg/220px-Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg/330px-Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg/440px-Moscow_North_River_Station_2012-07-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Północna przystań rzeczna w Moskwie (1937) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg/220px-Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg/330px-Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg/440px-Kotelnicheskaya_Tower_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dom_na_Kotielniczeskoj_nabierie%C5%BCnoj" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom na Kotielniczeskoj nabierieżnoj">Dom na Kotielniczeskoj nabierieżnoj</a> w Moskwie, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Czeczulin" title="Dmitrij Czeczulin">Dmitrij Czeczulin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriej_Rostowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriej Rostowski (strona nie istnieje)">Andriej Rostowski</a> (1937–1952) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_97025_The_Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>MSZ w Moskwie, Władimir Helffreich, Michaił Minkus (1948–1953) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_(MSU)_(7181447618).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg/220px-Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg/330px-Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg/440px-Day_to_night_-_Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University_%28MSU%29_%287181447618%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2930" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moskiewski_Uniwersytet_Pa%C5%84stwowy_im._M.W._%C5%81omonosowa" title="Moskiewski Uniwersytet Państwowy im. M.W. Łomonosowa">Moskiewski Uniwersytet Państwowy</a> (1949–1953, <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rudniew" title="Lew Rudniew">Lew Rudniew</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_State_University_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow_State_University_1.JPG/220px-Moscow_State_University_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow_State_University_1.JPG/330px-Moscow_State_University_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Moscow_State_University_1.JPG/440px-Moscow_State_University_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Fragment fasady <a href="/wiki/Moskiewski_Uniwersytet_Pa%C5%84stwowy_im._M.W._%C5%81omonosowa" title="Moskiewski Uniwersytet Państwowy im. M.W. Łomonosowa">Moskiewskiego Uniwersytetu Państwowego</a> (1949–1953) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_State_University_(14843851822).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg/220px-Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg/330px-Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg/440px-Moscow_State_University_%2814843851822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4268" /></a><figcaption>Iglica <a href="/wiki/Moskiewski_Uniwersytet_Pa%C5%84stwowy_im._M.W._%C5%81omonosowa" title="Moskiewski Uniwersytet Państwowy im. M.W. Łomonosowa">Moskiewskiego Uniwersytetu Państwowego</a> (1949–1953) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:South_Ural_State_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/South_Ural_State_University.jpg/220px-South_Ural_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/South_Ural_State_University.jpg/330px-South_Ural_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/South_Ural_State_University.jpg/440px-South_Ural_State_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4112" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Południowo-Uralski Uniwersytet (Czelabińsk, 1953) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4182" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82y_Dom_(Moskwa)" title="Biały Dom (Moskwa)">Biały Dom</a> (Moskwa, 1965–1981, arch. <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Czeczulin" title="Dmitrij Czeczulin">Dmitrij Czeczulin</a> i inni) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg/220px-Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg/330px-Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg/440px-Tverskaya13_Moscow_06-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="2734" /></a><figcaption>Przebudowa ratusza na Twerskiej 13 (Moskwa, 1944–1946, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Czeczulin" title="Dmitrij Czeczulin">Dmitrij Czeczulin</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F,_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Dom na Mochowej w Moskwie, Iwan Żołtowski (1932–1934) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg/220px-Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg/330px-Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg/440px-Moscow_rybitsky_mgb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Budynek mieszkalny MGB w Moskwie, Jewgienij Rybicki (1949) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/220px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/330px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/440px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3399" data-file-height="3399" /></a><figcaption>Planetarium Wołgogradzkie, Wasilij Simbircew (1954) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%A5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Pawilon nr 8 „Młodzi naturaliści” w Ogólnorosyjskim Centrum Wystawowym, D. Wituchin (1954) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg/220px-VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg/330px-VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg/440px-VDNKh_Pavilion_No_36_Produce_Processing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3454" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption>Pawilon nr 36 w Ogólnorosyjskim Centrum Wystawowym, Piotr Rewiakin, Jurij Szewierdiajew (1954) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG/220px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG/330px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG/440px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%90_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stadion_%C5%81u%C5%BCniki" title="Stadion Łużniki">Stadion Łużniki</a> (Moskwa, 1955–1956, arch. Nikołaj Nikitin i inni) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_34.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>Przebudowa wejścia głównego Rady Miejskiej (Jekaterynburg, 1947–1954, arch. G. Gołubiew, M. Rejszer) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg/220px-Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg/330px-Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg/440px-Metro_MSK_Line2_Sokol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4700" data-file-height="3133" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra „<a href="/wiki/Soko%C5%82_(stacja_metra)" title="Sokoł (stacja metra)">Sokoł</a>” (Moskwa, 1935–1938, arch. J. Jakowlew, K. Jakowlew) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg/220px-Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg/330px-Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg/440px-Mayakovskaya_after_renewing_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra „<a href="/wiki/Majakowskaja_(stacja_metra_w_Moskwie)" title="Majakowskaja (stacja metra w Moskwie)">Majakowskaja</a>” (Moskwa, 1935–1938, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksiej_Duszkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksiej Duszkin (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksiej Duszkin</a>) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg/220px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg/330px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg/440px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Avtovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra „<a href="/wiki/Awtowo" title="Awtowo">Awtowo</a>” (Petersburg, 1955, arch. A. Levinson, A. Gruszke) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg/220px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg/330px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg/440px-Metro_SPB_Line1_Kirovsky_Zavod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra „<a href="/wiki/Kirowskij_zawod" title="Kirowskij zawod">Kirowskij zawod</a>” (Petersburg, 1955, arch. O. Iwanow, A. Andriejew) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kommunal%27nyjj_most,_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk,_Russia,_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg/220px-Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg/330px-Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg/440px-Kommunal%27nyjj_most%2C_the_bridge_over_the_Yenisei_in_Krasnoyarsk%2C_Russia%2C_view_from_the_Otdykha_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Most miejski na Jeniseju (Krasnojarsk, 1955–1961, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Dmitriew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Dmitriew (strona nie istnieje)">Aleksandr Dmitriew</a>) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W architekturze neoklasycyzm radziecki wywodzi się wprost z retrospektywizmu klasycystycznego (neoklasycyzmu rosyjskiego I połowy XX wieku), który w latach 1917–1932 znajdował się w cieniu radzieckiej awangardy. Od 1928 roku znaczenia zaczynały nabierać konserwatywne kręgi w sztuce sowieckiej, czemu sprzyjały osobiste upodobania <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Józefa Stalina</a>. Promowano powrót do greckich i rzymskich motywów w sztuce, niektóre formy art déco, neorenesans, monumentalną architekturę <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a>. Inspiracje czerpano z projektów: <a href="/wiki/Witruwiusz" title="Witruwiusz">Witruwiusza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Palladia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Piranesi" title="Giovanni Battista Piranesi">Piranesiego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Rastriellego</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wasilij_Ba%C5%BCenow" title="Wasilij Bażenow">Bażenowa</a>. Znaczenia nabrali tacy architekci jak Iwan Żołtowski, Władimir Szczuko, Aleksiej Szczusiew i Iwan Fomin, stosujący formy neoklasycystyczne czy neorenesansowe. Konserwatywne, tradycjonalistyczne trendy w architekturze zaczęto utożsamiać z socrealizmem w pozostałych dziedzinach sztuki, co od samego początku budziło wątpliwości co do słuszności założeń teoretycznych w budownictwie<a href="#cite_note-:8-157">[157]</a>. Aleksiej Szczusiew, uważany za wybitnego architekta epoki stalinowskiej miał m.in. oświadczyć: Oddam swoje miesięczne wynagrodzenie temu, kto mi wyjaśni czym jest socrealizm w architekturze<a href="#cite_note-:8-157">[157]</a>. Za punkt zwrotny w ogólnym trendzie budownictwa radzieckiego uważany jest konkurs na projekt <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Rad" title="Pałac Rad">Pałacu Rad</a> w Moskwie, który w 1933 roku wygrał <a href="/wiki/Boris_Iofan" title="Boris Iofan">Boris Iofan</a>. W 1934 roku utworzono Radziecką Akademię Architektury i Związek Architektów ZSRR, w ramach których działali główni architekci socrealistyczni, m.in. Boris Iofan, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Czeczulin" title="Dmitrij Czeczulin">Dmitrij Czeczulin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rudniew" title="Lew Rudniew">Lew Rudniew</a> i Siergiej Czerniszew. Symbolami architektury stalinowskiej stały się m.in. <a href="/wiki/Siedem_Si%C3%B3str_(Moskwa)" title="Siedem Sióstr (Moskwa)">grupa siedmiu wieżowców</a> w <a href="/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa">Moskwie</a> (1947–1953)<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> oraz wzniesiony według projektu Rudniewa <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Kultury_i_Nauki" title="Pałac Kultury i Nauki">Pałac Kultury i Nauki</a> w Warszawie (1952–1955)<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>. W latach 40. XX wieku rozpoczęto projektowanie <a href="/wiki/Miasto_zamkni%C4%99te" title="Miasto zamknięte">miast zamkniętych</a> w Rosji, co wymagało opracowania nowego typu urbanistyki i bardziej funkcjonalistycznej architektury. Miasta zamknięte stanowiły często nowo wybudowane osiedla lub całe miasta z różnym stopniem ograniczeń w przemieszczaniu się i zamieszkaniu, z uwagi na ich znaczenie strategiczne (wojskowe, naukowo-techniczne lub <a href="/wiki/Energetyka_j%C4%85drowa" title="Energetyka jądrowa">energetyczne</a>). Pierwsze miasta zamknięte powstały w Rosji w 1946 roku w związku z pracami nad konstrukcją broni nuklearnej. W 1947 roku otwarto poligon (od 1962 roku kosmodrom) <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Jar" title="Kapustin Jar">Kapustin Jar</a>, w 1957 roku zakończono budowę <a href="/wiki/Kosmodrom_Plesieck" title="Kosmodrom Plesieck">Kosmodromu Plesieck</a> razem z rozległym kompleksem naukowo-technicznym i miastem zamkniętym <a href="/wiki/Mirny_(obw%C3%B3d_archangielski)" title="Mirny (obwód archangielski)">Mirny</a>. W 1954 roku wybudowano pierwszą na świecie cywilną <a href="/wiki/Elektrownia_j%C4%85drowa_Obninsk" title="Elektrownia jądrowa Obninsk">elektrownię atomową w Obninsku</a> z gmachem głównym w stylu neoklascycystcznym<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a>. Pierwsze próby stosowania bardziej ekonomicznych rozwiązań i prefabrykatów pojawiły się w 1948 roku, np. pierwszy zbudowany w całości z paneli blok mieszkalny przy stacji metra Poleżajewskaja w Moskwie, zaprojektowany przez Witalija Łagutenkę i Michaiła Posochina. W styczniu 1951 roku odbyła się konferancja w Moskwie poświęcona ekonomicznemu aspektowi nowej architektury stołecznej. W latach 1951–1955 wybudowano przy użyciu prefabrykatów blok mieszkalny na ulicy Kuusinena 17 w Moskwie. Formalny koniec epoki stalinowskiej w architekturze nastał w 1955 roku, kiedy Komitet Centralny KP ZSRR i Rada Ministrów ZSRR wspólnie wydali rozporządzenie nr 1871 „O eliminacji nadmiaru w projektowaniu i budownictwie”<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modernizm_i_brutalizm_w_2._połowie_XX_wieku">Modernizm i brutalizm w 2. połowie XX wieku</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=52" title="Edytuj sekcję: Modernizm i brutalizm w 2. połowie XX wieku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=52" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Modernizm i brutalizm w 2. połowie XX wieku">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /> Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Modernizm_w_ZSRR" title="Modernizm w ZSRR">Modernizm w ZSRR</a>.</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Modernizm i brutalizm</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_(old_project)_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg/220px-Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg/330px-Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg/440px-Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station_%28old_project%29_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Pierwotne, socrealistyczne plany Żiguljowskiej Elektrowni Wodnej zostały w 1955 roku odrzucone na rzecz projektów funkcjonalistycznych </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg/220px-Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg/330px-Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg/440px-Sayano-Shushenskaya_HPS_-_generator_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hala generatorów <a href="/wiki/Saja%C5%84sko-Szusze%C5%84ska_Elektrownia_Wodna" title="Sajańsko-Szuszeńska Elektrownia Wodna">Sajańsko-Szuszeńskiej Elektrowni Wodnej</a> (1968–1985) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C._%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Państwowy Pałac Kremlowski (Moskwa, 1960–1961) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Specjalne Obserwatorium Astrofizykalne na górze Pastuchowa (1966) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg/220px-224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg/330px-224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg/440px-224th_Flight_Unit_Antonov_An-124_over_Moscow_6_May_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wie%C5%BCa_telewizyjna_Ostankino" title="Wieża telewizyjna Ostankino">Wieża telewizyjna Ostankino</a> (Moskwa, 1963–1967, arch. L. Batałow i inni) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Inion_ran_08_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Inion_ran_08_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Instytut Informacji Naukowej (Wydział Nauk Społecznych Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk w Moskwie, 1969) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg/220px-Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg/330px-Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg/440px-Embassy_of_Russia_in_Havana_-_Nick_De_Marco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Ambasada radziecka w Hawanie, obecnie ambasada Federacji Rosyjskiej, Aleksandr Roczegow (1978–1987) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg/220px-Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg/330px-Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg/440px-Kaliningrad_House_of_Soviets_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Dom Sowietów w Królewcu </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building,_Moscow,_Russia._View_on_the_entrance,_pic.2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG/220px-Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG/330px-Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG/440px-Praesidium_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences_building%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia._View_on_the_entrance%2C_pic.2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Prezydium Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk (Moskwa, 1989) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg/220px-CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg/330px-CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg/440px-CRDI_Robotics_and_Technical_Cybernetics_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="3014" /></a><figcaption>CNII Robotyki i Technicznej Cybernetyki (Petersburg, 1973–1986) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG/220px-Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG/330px-Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG/440px-Theatre_Velikiy_Novgorod.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Okręgowy Teatr Dramatyczny im. F. Dostojewskiego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1987) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG/220px-Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG/330px-Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG/440px-Lubyanka_Square_KGB_Computing_Centre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>Ośrodek Informatyczny KGB w Moskwie, Boris Pałuj, Gleb Makarewicz (1987) </figcaption></figure></div></div> Po 1955 roku nastąpił powrót do architektury funkcjonalnej i otwarcie się na nowe kierunki w architekturze. Przykładami nowego typu budownictwa są nowe elektrownie atomowe i wodne oraz <a href="/wiki/Wie%C5%BCa_telewizyjna_Ostankino" title="Wieża telewizyjna Ostankino">wieża telewizyjna Ostankino</a> (1960–1967), obecnie najwyższa budowla w <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europie</a> i czwarta najwyższa na świecie. Konstrukcja wieży wzorowana na kwiecie odwróconej <a href="/wiki/Liliowe_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Liliowe (roślina)">lili</a> jest z założenia prosta, oszczędna, surowa, i spełnia trzy podstawowe funkcje: telekomunikacyjną, meteorologiczną i obserwacyjną. W 1961 roku zakończono budowę moskiewskiego <a href="/wiki/Zwiozdnyj_gorodok" title="Zwiozdnyj gorodok">Gwiezdnego Miasteczka</a> razem z <a href="/wiki/Centrum_Wyszkolenia_Kosmonaut%C3%B3w_im._J._Gagarina" title="Centrum Wyszkolenia Kosmonautów im. J. Gagarina">Centrum Wyszkolenia Kosmonautów im. J. Gagarina</a>. Interesującymi budowlami są Cyrk Państwowy w Kazaniu (1967) i hotel Tarelka w Dombaju na Kaukazie (1969), silnie kontrastujące z otaczającym je środowiskiem. Rozpoczęta w latach 30. budowa socjalistycznych osiedli mieszkaniowych, przerwana w znacznej mierze w trakcie II wojny światowej, była wznowiona w latach 50. i trwała do końca lat 80. XX wieku. Do bardziej znanych projektów należy moskiewskie osiedle Matwiejewskoje z „Domem Pierścieniem” (1967–1973)<a href="#cite_note-:7-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-164">[164]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brutalizm" title="Brutalizm">Brutalizm</a> pojawił się w architekturze radzieckiej w okresie od końca lat 60. do lat 80. XX wieku pod wpływem architektów zachodnich, takich jak np. <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>. Projekty rosyjskie charakteryzowały się niekiedy wpływami konstruktywizmu, np. Hotel Ruś w Leningradzie (1980–1988) został zaprojektowany z wykorzystaniem planów Josifa Wachsa z lat 1930–1933. Do najważniejszych projektów lat 70. i 80. XX wieku należą: Instytut Badawczy „Argon” będący najdłuższym, mierzącym 735 metrów długości budynkiem w Moskwie (zwany potocznie „Murem”, lata 70. XX wieku), Rosyjskie Naukowe Centrum Onkologiczne w Moskwie (1972–1979), niedokończony Szpital Chorwinski „Umbrella” w Moskwie w kształcie międzynarodowego symbolu zagrożenia biologicznego „biohazard” (1980), korpus „Drużba” w senatorium „Kurpaty” w Jałcie (1985), Okręgowy Teatr Dramatyczny im. F. Dostojewskiego w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (1987) oraz Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk w kształcie łańcucha DNA (1984)<a href="#cite_note-:7-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Architektura_współczesna">Architektura współczesna</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=53" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura współczesna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=53" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura współczesna">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura współczesna</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Skolkovo_hub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Skolkovo_hub.jpg/220px-Skolkovo_hub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Skolkovo_hub.jpg/330px-Skolkovo_hub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Skolkovo_hub.jpg/440px-Skolkovo_hub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Centrum Innowacji w Skołkowie (David Adjaye) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wiki_Egg_House,_Mashkova_Street,_Moscow,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/330px-Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg/440px-Wiki_Egg_House%2C_Mashkova_Street%2C_Moscow%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Dom „Jajco” w Moskwie (1998–2000, S. Tkaczenko) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Federation-Tower_in_July,_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg/220px-Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg/330px-Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg/440px-Federation-Tower_in_July%2C_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Basznia_Fiedieracyja" class="mw-redirect" title="Basznia Fiedieracyja">Wieża Federacji</a> w Moskwie (2003–2017, NPS Tchoban Voss, T. Tomasetti, J.-P. Kocher) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg/220px-Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg/330px-Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg/440px-Moscow_Afimall_atrium_08-2016_img1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="3980" /></a><figcaption>Wnętrze „Centralnego jądra” w Moskwie (2005-2016) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG/220px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG/330px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG/440px-%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2985" /></a><figcaption>Pałac Rolników w Kazaniu (2008–2010, Leonid Gornik). Beaux-arts </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg/220px-Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="614" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg/330px-Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Mercury_City_Tower_July.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercury_City_Tower" title="Mercury City Tower">Wieża Merkury</a> w Moskwie (2009–2013, F. Williams, M. Posochin, G. Sirota) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg/220px-Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg/330px-Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg/440px-Moscow_International_Business_Center_A_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2295" data-file-height="3050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Tower" title="Evolution Tower">Wieża Ewolucji</a> w Moskwie (2011–2014) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg/220px-Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg/330px-Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg/440px-Moscow_Dubrovka_Dominion_Tower_08-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3569" data-file-height="2855" /></a><figcaption>Budynek „Dominion” w Moskwie (Zaha Hadid Architects, 2014) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg/220px-Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg/330px-Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg/440px-Interiors_of_Lakhta_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>Projekt wnętrza Centrum Lachta w Petersburgu (w trakcie budowy) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra <a href="/wiki/Rumiancewo" title="Rumiancewo">Rumiancewo</a> w Moskwie (2016) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG/220px-Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG/330px-Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG/440px-Slavyanskiy_bulvar_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Stacja metra <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82awianskij_Bulwar" title="Sławianskij Bulwar">Sławianskij Bulwar</a> (Moskwa, 2008, arch. W. Wołowicz, S. Mieżenina, D. Chochłow) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Chess_Club_in_VDNKh,_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg/220px-Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg/330px-Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg/440px-Chess_Club_in_VDNKh%2C_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Klub szachowy (Moskwa, 2015) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_A_%D0%B8_B_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3077" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>Terminale A i B lotniska w Kolcowie (Jekaterynburg, 2009) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg/220px-Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg/330px-Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg/440px-Soyuz-2.1a_launch_vehicle_carrying_spacecraft_Mikhail_Lomonosov_at_the_launch_pad_at_Vostochny_Launch_Centre_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kosmodrom_Wostocznyj" title="Kosmodrom Wostocznyj">Kosmodrom Wostocznyj</a> (2012). </figcaption></figure></div></div> Pod koniec XX wieku pojawił się w Rosji szereg nowych, zróżnicowanych kierunków i koncepcji architektonicznych. Do neofuturystycznych projektów należą np. Centrum Lachta w Petersburgu (w trakcie budowy), Moskiewskie Muzeum Politechniczne i Centrum Edukacyjne (3XN Architects) oraz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_Hill_Residence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital Hill Residence (strona nie istnieje)">dom Naomi Campbell</a> w Moskwie (2006–2012, arch. Patrik Schumacher, Zaha Hadid Architects i inni). Inspiracje kubizmem wykazują m.in. dom Julii Cziczeriny (arch. Deceuninck), dom „Zodczestwo” (2010, Ithaka Architecture & design) i „Parasite Office” w Moskwie (XXI wiek, Za Bor Architects). Uznanie zyskał rosyjski „QR Code Covered Pavilion” pokazany na 13 Bienale Architektury w Wenecji w 2012 roku<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a>. W XXI wieku pojawiła się również <a href="/wiki/Architektura_high-tech" title="Architektura high-tech">architektura high-tech</a>, np. <a href="/wiki/Mercury_City_Tower" title="Mercury City Tower">Wieża Merkury</a> (2009–2013), 374. metrowa <a href="/wiki/Basznia_Fiedieracyja" class="mw-redirect" title="Basznia Fiedieracyja">Wieża Federacji</a> (2004–2015), stanowiąca najwyższy budynek mieszkalny w Europie oraz <a href="/wiki/Evolution_Tower" title="Evolution Tower">Wieża Ewolucji</a> (2011–2014), której każde piętro obrócone jest o 3° w stosunku do poprzedniego, a łączny obrót ostatniego piętra w stosunku do pierwszego wynosi 135°. Inspiracją dla wykręconej formy budynku była rzeźba Pocałunek <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodina</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a>. Do innych projektów należą np. Motel w Ochotnom Rjadzie (2007, Architectural Studio X.Y.Z.), blok mieszkalny „Parus” (2008, arch. Mosprojekt-4), Fort Daniłowski w Moskwie (2008, Siergiej Skuratow Architects), plan przebudowy wzniesionego w latach 1961–1964 kinoteatru „Rossija” (2011, arch. Juan Andrés Díaz Parra) i <a href="/wiki/Kosmodrom_Wostocznyj" title="Kosmodrom Wostocznyj">Kosmodrom Wostocznyj</a> wraz z miastem zamkniętym <a href="/wiki/Cio%C5%82kowski_(miasto)" title="Ciołkowski (miasto)">Ciołkowski</a> (2012). W 2016 roku ukończono budowę stacji metra w moskiewskim Rumiancewie, nawiązującej do twórczości <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Pieta Mondriana</a>. Do nowoczesnych budynków sportowych należą: kompleks olimpijski w Soczi, stadion Dynamo w Moskwie (w trakcie budowy) oraz kluby szachowe w Chanty-Mansyjsku (2010) i Moskwie (2015)<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architektura_rosyjska_za_granicą">Architektura rosyjska za granicą</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=54" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura rosyjska za granicą" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=54" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura rosyjska za granicą">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architektura_sakralna_za_granicą">Architektura sakralna za granicą</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=55" title="Edytuj sekcję: Architektura sakralna za granicą" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=55" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Architektura sakralna za granicą">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="ImageGroup" style="max-width:235px; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; margin-left: 1.4em;"><div style="font-weight:bold;">Architektura sakralna za granicą</div><div class="ImageGroupUnits"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg/220px-Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg/330px-Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg/440px-Cathedrale-A-Nevski-Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="3827" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Pary%C5%BCu" title="Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Paryżu">Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Paryżu</a>, Roman Kuźmin (1847–1861) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Sofia_(by_Pudelek).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG/220px-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG/330px-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG/440px-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral%2C_Sofia_%28by_Pudelek%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2908" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Sofii" title="Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Sofii">Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Sofii</a>, Aleksandr Pomierancew, Wiktor Wasniecow i inni (1882–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg/220px-Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg/330px-Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg/440px-Saint_Mary_Magdalene_Church_2013-04-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Marii_Magdaleny_w_Jerozolimie" title="Cerkiew św. Marii Magdaleny w Jerozolimie">Cerkiew św. Marii Magdaleny w Jerozolimie</a>, Dawid Grimm (1885–1888) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg/220px-Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg/330px-Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg/440px-Russisch_orthodoxe_kirche_wien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Wiedniu" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Wiedniu">Sobór św. Mikołaja w Wiedniu</a>, Grigorij Kotow (1899) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Nice_(5646819833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg/220px-Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg/330px-Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg/440px-Nice_%285646819833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Nicei" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nicei">Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nicei</a>, Michaił Preobrażenski (1903–1912) </figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg/220px-Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg/330px-Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg/440px-Leipzig_Russische_Gedaechtniskirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksego_w_Lipsku" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksego w Lipsku">Cerkiew św. Aleksego w Lipsku</a>, Władimir Pokrowski (1911–1913) </figcaption></figure></div></div> W latach 1802–1917 wybudowano ponad sto wolno stojących świątyń dla Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego poza granicami Rosji. Najstarszą jest <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandry_w_%C3%9Cr%C3%B6m" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksandry w Üröm">cerkiew św. Aleksandry w Üröm</a> (1802), którą zbudowano jako świątynię-pomnik nad grobem wielkiej księżnej <a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Romanowa_(1783%E2%80%931801)" title="Aleksandra Romanowa (1783–1801)">Aleksandry Pawłowny Romanowej</a>. Na potrzeby rosyjskiej diaspory i pielgrzymów wybudowano m.in. <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Marii_Magdaleny_w_Jerozolimie" title="Cerkiew św. Marii Magdaleny w Jerozolimie">cerkiew św. Marii Magdaleny w Jerozolimie</a> (1885–1888), <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_Archanio%C5%82a_w_Cannes" title="Cerkiew św. Michała Archanioła w Cannes">cerkiew św. Michała Archanioła w Cannes</a> (1894–1896), <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Miko%C5%82aja_w_Nicei" title="Sobór św. Mikołaja w Nicei">sobór św. Mikołaja w Nicei</a> (1903–1912) i <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Chrystusa_Zbawiciela,_%C5%9Bw._Katarzyny_i_%C5%9Bw._Serafina_z_Sarowa_w_San_Remo" title="Cerkiew Chrystusa Zbawiciela, św. Katarzyny i św. Serafina z Sarowa w San Remo">cerkiew w San Remo</a> (1910). W latach 1882–1912 wybudowano neobizantyjski <a href="/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Sofii" title="Sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Sofii">sobór św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Sofii</a>. Sobór ten został wzniesiony na cześć rosyjskiego cara <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_II_Romanow" title="Aleksander II Romanow">Aleksandra II</a>, dzięki któremu <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia" title="Bułgaria">Bułgaria</a> uzyskała niepodległość w 1878 roku. <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_Narodzenia_Pa%C5%84skiego_w_Szipce" title="Cerkiew Narodzenia Pańskiego w Szipce">Cerkiew Narodzenia Pańskiego w Szipce</a> (1885) stanowiła kolejny pomnik przyjaźni bułgarsko-rosyjskiej. Wybudowana w 1826 roku <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Poczdamie" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie">cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Poczdamie</a> miała obok służby wierzącym, przysłużyć się „umacnianiu przyjaźni prusko-rosyjskiej”. Z okazji setnej rocznicy zwycięstwa Rosjan w „<a href="/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Lipskiem" title="Bitwa pod Lipskiem">bitwie narodów</a>” wybudowano w <a href="/wiki/Lipsk" title="Lipsk">Lipsku</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksego_w_Lipsku" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksego w Lipsku">cerkiew św. Aleksego</a> (1911–1913)<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a>. Po 1917 roku tradycyjne rosyjskie budownictwo sakralne było rozwijane zagranicą przez diasporę i „białą” emigrację. Powstały po rewolucji październikowej <a href="/wiki/Rosyjski_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Prawos%C5%82awny_poza_granicami_Rosji" title="Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny poza granicami Rosji">Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny poza granicami Rosji</a> zerwał w 1927 roku swoją podległość wobec <a href="/wiki/Rosyjski_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Prawos%C5%82awny" title="Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny">Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego</a> zmuszonego w tym czasie do współpracy z władzą stalinowską. Ponowne zjednoczenie obu Kościołów nastąpiło dopiero w 2007 roku<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a>. Rosyjscy budowniczy byli szczególnie aktywni w międzywojennej <a href="/wiki/Jugos%C5%82awia" title="Jugosławia">Jugosławii</a>, gdzie sam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasilij_Androsow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasilij Androsow (strona nie istnieje)">Wasilij Androsow</a> wybudował około 50 neobizantyjskich świątyń<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a>. Do cerkwi wzniesionych przez rosyjską diasporę należy m.in. <a href="/wiki/Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Aleksandra_Newskiego_w_Belgradzie" title="Cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Belgradzie">cerkiew św. Aleksandra Newskiego w Belgradzie</a> (1927). Rosyjski malarz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriej_Bicenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriej Bicenko (strona nie istnieje)">Andriej Bicenko</a> wykonał freski na murach Rużicy, najstarszej cerkwi w Belgradzie<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a>. Rosyjska emigracja w <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa">Chinach</a> wybudowała w <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbinie</a> dwa prawosławne sobory oraz szereg mniejszych budynków. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zbiory_sztuki_architektonicznej_w_Rosji">Zbiory sztuki architektonicznej w Rosji</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=56" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zbiory sztuki architektonicznej w Rosji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=56" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zbiory sztuki architektonicznej w Rosji">edytuj kod</a>]</div> Do najważniejszych rosyjskich muzeów sztuki należą: <a href="/wiki/Ermita%C5%BC" title="Ermitaż">Ermitaż</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galeria_Tretiakowska" title="Galeria Tretiakowska">Galeria Tretiakowska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Muzeum_Rosyjskie" title="Państwowe Muzeum Rosyjskie">Muzeum Rosyjskie w Sankt Petersburgu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Muzeum_Sztuk_Pi%C4%99knych_im._Puszkina_w_Moskwie" title="Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie">Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych im. Puszkina w Moskwie</a>. W muzach tych są przechowywane również przedmioty powiązane z architekturą, np. projekty i makiety architektoniczne, pozostałości niektórych budowli. Osobną grupę stanowią muzea kompleksów pałacowych lub innych siedzib, budynki muzealne stanowiące same w sobie zabytki architektury i skanseny z zabytkami tradycyjnej, najczęściej drewnianej architektury rosyjskiej<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=57" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=57" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkrf.ru/upload/mkrf/mkdocs2016/OSNOVI-PRINT.NEW.indd.pdf">Основы Государственной Культурной Политики, утверждённые Указом Президента Российской Федерации В. Путина № 808 от 24 декабря 2014 года</a>, Министерство Культуры Российской Федерации, mkrf.ru, Москва 2015 [dostęp 2016-03-30]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%92.+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%E2%84%96+808+%D0%BE%D1%82+24+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+2014+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkrf.ru%2Fupload%2Fmkrf%2Fmkdocs2016%2FOSNOVI-PRINT.NEW.indd.pdf" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_2-2">c</a> <cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Constructivism-art">Constructivism</a>, [w:] <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> [dostęp 2016-03-30]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constructivism&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FConstructivism-art" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">BernardB. Wood BernardB. (red.), Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, Chichester: Blackwell Publishing, 2013, s. 570, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781118650998" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781118650998">ISBN 978-1-1186-5099-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Wiley-Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Human+Evolution&rft.isbn=978-1-1186-5099-8&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2013" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antropogenez.ru/article/775/">Находка древнейшего человека современного типа в Евразии: Путь на север был открыт гораздо раньше, чем это считалось до сих пор</a> [online], antropogenez.ru [dostęp 2016-03-23]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%2C+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantropogenez.ru%2Farticle%2F775%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Г.Б.Г.Б. Зданович Г.Б.Г.Б., Аркаим – Страна городов: пространство и образы (Аркаим: горизонты исследований), И.М.И.М. Батанина, Челябинск: Из-во Крокус; Юж.-Урал. кн. изд-во, 2007<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%93.%D0%91.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC+%E2%80%93+%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B+%28%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%3A+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%29&rft.place=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%3B+%D0%AE%D0%B6.-%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB.+%D0%BA%D0%BD.+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">А.X.А.X. Маргулан А.X.А.X., Древняя культура Центрального Казахстана, К.А.К.А. Акишев, М.К.М.К. Кадырбаев, А.М.А.М. Оразбаев, Алма-Ата 1966, s. 34, 151, 173<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.X.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <cite class="citation">Боспор, [w:] Владимир ПетровичВ.П. Толстиков Владимир ПетровичВ.П., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antic-art.ru/book/#/VI/zoomed">Шедевры античного искусства</a>, Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А.С. Пушкина, Москва: Группа „Эпос”, 2011, s. 386–427, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785990296015" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785990296015">ISBN 978-5-9902960-1-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-5-9902960-1-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0+%E2%80%9E%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%E2%80%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antic-art.ru%2Fbook%2F%23%2FVI%2Fzoomed" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Глеб ИвановичГ.И. Соколов Глеб ИвановичГ.И., Искусство Боспорского царства, Москва: Издательство МЭИ, 1999<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%98&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Sergei R.S.R. Grinevetsky Sergei R.S.R. i inni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFCqBAAAQBAJ">The Black Sea Encyclopedia</a>, Springer, 30 września 2014, s. 406, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9783642552274" title="Specjalna:Książki/9783642552274">ISBN 978-3-642-55227-4</a> [dostęp 2016-02-01]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Sergei+R.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+Black+Sea+Encyclopedia&rft.isbn=9783642552274&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft.aulast=Grinevetsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKFCqBAAAQBAJ" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4s4VAQAAIAAJ">„Христианская демократия”</a>, Bruxelles: IDC, 1991, s. 21 [dostęp 2016-02-01]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=journal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1991&rft.jtitle=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=IDC" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).1 stycznia</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">АбдулафисА. Исмаилов АбдулафисА., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407170401/http://www.dagpravda.ru/rubriki/obshchestvo/39458/">Самый древний христианский храм России – в Дербенте</a>, „Дагестанская Правда”, dagpravda.ru, 2 lipca 2014, № 228 [dostęp 2016-03-27] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagpravda.ru/rubriki/obshchestvo/39458/">adresu</a> 2016-04-07]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%B2+%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagpravda.ru%2Frubriki%2Fobshchestvo%2F39458%2F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408045408/http://derbent.ru/about/info/news/?ELEMENT_ID=1937&sphrase_id=88970">И все-таки это древний христианский храм</a> [online], Администрация городского округа „город Дербент”, 7 maja 2014 [dostęp 2016-03-27] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derbent.ru/about/info/news/?ELEMENT_ID=1937&sphrase_id=88970">adresu</a> 2016-04-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2014-05-07&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderbent.ru%2Fabout%2Finfo%2Fnews%2F%3FELEMENT_ID%3D1937%26sphrase_id%3D88970" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">В.А.В.А. Кузьмин В.А.В.А., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasledie-rus.ru/podshivka/9714.php">«Стена обители святой и башен странные вершины». Христианские храмы Северного Кавказа. Записки реставратора</a>, „Наше Наследие”, nasledie-rus.ru, 2011, № 97 [dostęp 2016-04-02]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2011&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.atitle=%C2%AB%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%C2%BB.+%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0.+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasledie-rus.ru%2Fpodshivka%2F9714.php" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Башир КеримовичБ.К. Далгат Башир КеримовичБ.К., Первобытная религия чеченцев и ингушей, Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая, Ин-т мировой лит. им. А.М. Горького, Москва: Наука, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5020098353" title="Specjalna:Książki/5020098353">ISBN 5-02-009835-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5-02-009835-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-3">d</a> <cite class="citation">Елена АндреевнаЕ.А. Борисова Елена АндреевнаЕ.А., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arx.novosibdom.ru/node/1690">«Русский стиль». Новые тенденции в русской архитектуре конца XIX в.</a>, [w:] Русская архитектура второй половины XIX века, АН СССР, ВНИИ искусствознания М-ва культуры СССР, Наука, Москва 1979 [dostęp 2016-03-03], Cytat: Так, например, как уже отмечалось выше, введенное современниками наименование «русско-византийский», а чаще «византийский стиль» обозначало такие различные образцы, как, с одной стороны, «тоновская архитектура», не имеющая ничего общего с византийскими прототипами, и с другой – более поздние сугубо подражательные сооружения, исходящие из кавказских и балканских прообразов<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+XIX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%C2%AB%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%C2%BB.+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0+XIX+%D0%B2.&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farx.novosibdom.ru%2Fnode%2F1690" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:50-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:50_16-5">f</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo, 1955<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+%E2%80%93+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223152325/http://skachate.ru/literatura/89302/index.html">Архитектурный стиль византийский крестово- купольный храм на четырёх опорах, классической архитектурной модели византийского искусства после иконоборческой</a> [online], skachate.ru [dostęp 2016-02-15] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skachate.ru/literatura/89302/index.html">adresu</a> 2016-02-23]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskachate.ru%2Fliteratura%2F89302%2Findex.html" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Н.П.Н.П. Крадин Н.П.Н.П., Русское деревянное оборонное зодчество, Москва: Искусство, 1988<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D.%D0%9F.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">МауроМ. Галлигани МауроМ., ФранческоФ. Бигацци ФранческоФ., Кремли: твердыни русской земли, Москва: Олма-Пресс, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5224047021" title="Specjalna:Książki/5224047021">ISBN 5-224-04702-1</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5224047021&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%3A+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">И.А.И.А. Воротникова И.А.И.А., В.М.В.М. Неделин В.М.В.М., Кремли, крепости и укрепленные монастыри Русского государства XV–XVII веков. Крепости Центральной России, БуксМАрт, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785906190017" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785906190017">ISBN 978-5-906190-01-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%98.%D0%90.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+XV%E2%80%93XVII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.isbn=978-5-906190-01-7&rft.pub=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%9C%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">В.H.В.H. Лазарев В.H.В.H., Искусство Новгорода, Moskwa-Leningrad 1947, s. 100<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.H.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.place=Moskwa-Leningrad&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:45-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:45_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:45_22-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Олег МихайловичО.М. Иоаннисян Олег МихайловичО.М., Деятельность романских мастеров на Руси в XI–XIII вв., Труды VI МКСА, 1999, Т. 5, s. 210–222.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%B2+XI%E2%80%93XIII+%D0%B2%D0%B2.&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B+VI+%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%90&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 11, 29–30, 64–68<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+-+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">С.Л.С.Л. Экономов С.Л.С.Л., Русское деревянное зодчество XIV–XX вв., Красивые дома пресс, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785902600235" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785902600235">ISBN 978-5-902600-23-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.%D0%9B.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+XIV%E2%80%93XX+%D0%B2%D0%B2.&rft.isbn=978-5-902600-23-5&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">МихаилМ. Мильчик МихаилМ., ЮрийЮ. Ушаков ЮрийЮ., Деревянная архитектура русского Севера, Ленинград: Стройиздат, 1981<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:37-26">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:37_26-9">j</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И. Кириченко Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И., Русский стиль: Поиски выражения национальной самобытности. Народность и национальность. Традиции древнерусского и народного искусства в русском искусстве XVIII-начала XX века, Москва: Галарт АСТ, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785269009308" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785269009308">ISBN 978-5-269-00930-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-5-269-00930-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+XVIII-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:38-27">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:38_27-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">К.Ю.К.Ю. Нарвойт К.Ю.К.Ю., Сокровища русского стиля: произведения мастеров и художников Абрамцева, Сергиева Посада и Московского кустарного музея: из собрания Всероссийского музея декоративно-прикладного и народного искусства и Государственного историко-художественного и литературного Музея-заповедника „Абрамцево”, Москва: Всероссийский музей декоративно-прикладного и народного искусства, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785990400948" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785990400948">ISBN 978-5-9904009-4-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9A.%D0%AE.&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-5-9904009-4-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%3A+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%E2%80%9E%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%E2%80%9D&rft.pub=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:46-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:46_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:46_28-1">b</a> <cite class="citation nourl">О.М.О.М. Иоаннисян О.М.О.М., Романская архитектура Ломбардии и зодчество Владимиро-Суздальской Руси (к вопросу о происхождении мастеров Андрея Боголюбского), [w:] Научная конференция памяти Матвея Александровича Гуковского (1898-1971): К 100-летию со дня рождения, Санкт-Петербург: Государственный Эрмитаж, 1998, s. 25–29<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%28%D0%BA+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E.%D0%9C.&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD&rft.date=1998&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%281898-1971%29%3A+%D0%9A+100-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%81%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-29">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_29-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">ЕкатеринаЕ. Овчинникова ЕкатеринаЕ., Портрет в русском искусстве XVII века. Материалы и исследования, Москва: Искусство, 1955, s. 10<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+XVII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_%C5%9Awiechowski" title="Zygmunt Świechowski">Zygmunt Świechowski</a>: Sztuka romańska w Polsce. Warszawa: Arkady, 1982, s. 69. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/832132925X" title="Specjalna:Książki/832132925X">ISBN 83-213-2925-X</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sztuka+roma%C5%84ska+w+Polsce&rft.aulast=%C5%9Awiechowski&rft.aufirst=Zygmunt&rft.pub=Arkady&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=69&rft.isbn=83-213-2925-X"></cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Элисса АлексеевнаЭ.А. Гордиенко Элисса АлексеевнаЭ.А., Владычная палата Новгородского кремля, Ленинград: Лениздат, 1991, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/528900971X" title="Specjalna:Książki/528900971X">ISBN 5-289-00971-X</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.aufirst=%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=5-289-00971-X&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Сергей ВольфганговичС.В. Заграевский Сергей ВольфганговичС.В., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120801100710/http://rusarch.ru/zagraevsky20.htm">О возможности введения в научный оборот и возможных контекстах употребления термина «русская готика» в отношении архитектуры Древней Руси конца XIII–первой трети XV века</a>, rusarch.ru, Москва 2007 [dostęp 2016-03-30] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rusarch.ru/zagraevsky20.htm">adresu</a> 2012-08-01]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%C2%AB%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0+XIII%E2%80%93%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+XV+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frusarch.ru%2Fzagraevsky20.htm" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">В.В.В.В. Богуславский В.В.В.В., Славянская энциклопедия. Киевская Русь – Московия, Москва: ОЛМА-ПРЕСС, 2001, Т. 1, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5224022495" title="Specjalna:Książki/5224022495">ISBN 5-224-02249-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.%D0%92.&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5-224-02249-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C+%E2%80%93+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9C%D0%90-%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A1" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">КонстантинК. Ранкс КонстантинК., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZlmAAAAQBAJ">Латвия, Литва, Эстония</a>, Litres, 16 listopada 2015, s. 37–39, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785457381940" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785457381940">ISBN 978-5-457-38194-0</a> [dostęp 2016-05-28]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.isbn=9785457381940&rft.pub=Litres&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZlmAAAAQBAJ" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">И.И. Соломыкова И.И., М.М. Иванов М.М., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070216060328/http://artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000001/st061.shtml">Искусство Эстонии, Искусство Латвии</a>, [w:] Всеобщая история искусств, artyx.ru, 1960, Том 2, книга первая [dostęp 2016-05-28] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000001/st061.shtml">adresu</a> 2007-02-16]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1960&rft.jtitle=artyx.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartyx.ru%2Fbooks%2Fitem%2Ff00%2Fs00%2Fz0000001%2Fst061.shtml" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chicherone.com/cerkov-svyatogo-olafa-tallin/">Церковь Святого Олафа (Oleviste kirik)</a> [online], chicherone.com, 5 marca 2012 [dostęp 2016-05-28]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0+%28Oleviste+kirik%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchicherone.com%2Fcerkov-svyatogo-olafa-tallin%2F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">С.С.С.С. Подъяпольский С.С.С.С., Деятельность итальянских мастеров на Руси и в других странах Европы в конце XV – начале XVI в, Москва: Историко-архитектурные исследования. Статьи и материалы, 2006<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.%D0%A1.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5+XV+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5+XVI+%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">А.Г.А.Г. Габричевский А.Г.А.Г., Итальянские зодчие в России, [w:] Россия и Италия, Москва: ИВИ, 1993, Вып. 2<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.%D0%93.&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=1993&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%92%D0%98" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">С.С.С.С. Подъяпольский С.С.С.С., Итальянские строительные мастера в России в конце XV – начале XVI в. по данным письменных источников (опыт составления словаря), [w:] Историко-архитектурные исследования. Статьи и материалы, Москва 2006<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.%D0%A1.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5+XV+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5+XVI+%D0%B2.+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%29&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:49-40">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:49_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:49_40-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 59–61<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+%E2%80%93+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/20140313133012/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=0510060000">Джума-мечеть</a>, [w:] Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-27] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=0510060000">adresu</a> 2014-03-13], Cytat: Наименование: Джума-мечеть (...) Авторы и датировки: 8-15 ВВ<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=kulturnoe-nasledie.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D0510060000" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Герман АлексеевичГ.А. Фёдоров-Давыдов Герман АлексеевичГ.А. (red.), Город Болгар: Монумент. стр-во, архитектура, благоустройство, Российская академия наук, Институт археологии, Академия наук Татарстана, Институт истории, Москва: Наука, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5020087297" title="Specjalna:Książki/5020087297">ISBN 5-02-008729-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%3A+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82.+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.isbn=5-02-008729-7&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2001" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islam-today.ru/islam_v_rossii/v_tatarstane_otkryli_grandioznuyu_quotbeluyu_mechetquot/">В России в Татарстане открыли грандиозную „Белую мечеть”</a> [online], islam-today.ru, 11 czerwca 2012 [dostęp 2016-05-27]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2012-06-11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%E2%80%9E%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%E2%80%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislam-today.ru%2Fislam_v_rossii%2Fv_tatarstane_otkryli_grandioznuyu_quotbeluyu_mechetquot%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">C.C. Саначин C.C., Иконография и планы Казанского Кремля о возрасте Сююмбекиной башни, „Казань”, 2002, № 9, s. 37–47<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2002&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D1%8E%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">А.Х.А.Х. Халиков А.Х.А.Х., Что, башня, в имени твоём?, „Татарстан”, 1992, № 11-12, s. 60–65, Cytat: Как показали археолого-архитектурные исследования, проведённые в 1941–1944, 1947–1948, 1953–1954 и 1976–1978 годах, фундамент башни уходит почти на двухметровую глубину и прорезает лишь верхние слои культурных отложений Казани – первый (верхний, датируемый XX–XVIII веками) и второй (нижний, русский, датированный XVII – второй половиной XVI веков), но местами и третий (средний, казанско-ханский, первая половина XVI – вторая половина XV веков). Во втором слое находится и строительный горизонт башни, указывая на время её сооружения – не ранее второй половины XVII – начала XVIII веков <br /&gt<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1992&rft.jtitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BC%3F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Текие Афган-Мухаммед султана, [w:] Татарский энциклопедический словарь, Казань: Институт Татарской энциклопедии АН РТ, 1999, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0953065030" title="Specjalna:Książki/0953065030">ISBN 0-9530650-3-0</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-9530650-3-0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&rft.place=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%9D+%D0%A0%D0%A2&rft.date=1999" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/20150113220045/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=6210037000">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-05-27] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=6210037000">adresu</a> 2015-01-13]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D6210037000" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">SwietłanaS. Czerwonnaja SwietłanaS., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotekatatarska.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/rocznik_vi.pdf">Meczety Krymu</a>, „Rocznik Tatarów Polskich”, VI (XX), 2019, 125 i 134-135<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2019&rft.jtitle=Rocznik+Tatar%C3%B3w+Polskich&rft.volume=VI+%28XX%29&rft.atitle=Meczety+Krymu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliotekatatarska.pl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2Frocznik_vi.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Ю.С.Ю.С. Воронцова Ю.С.Ю.С., Бахчисарайский дворец: Краткий путеводитель по дворцу-музею, Севастополь: Библекс, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9668231694" title="Specjalna:Książki/9668231694">ISBN 966-8231-69-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.aufirst=%D0%AE.%D0%A1.&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=966-8231-69-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%3A+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%83-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Ефим ВасильевичЕ.В. Крикун Ефим ВасильевичЕ.В., Памятники крымскотатарской архитектуры: XIII-XX вв, Симферополь: Крымское учебно-педагогическое государственное издательство, 1998<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+XIII-XX+%D0%B2%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-51">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_51-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 12–16, 58–74<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+%E2%80%93+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">А.И.А.И. Успенский А.И.А.И., Фрески паперти Благовещенского собора в Москве, „Золотое руно”, 2, 1906, s. 41–45<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1906&rft.jtitle=%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE&rft.volume=2&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projectclassica.ru/school/01_2001/01_01_school.htm">Школа – Владимир Седов. Стиль великого посольства</a> [online], projectclassica.ru [dostęp 2016-02-19], Cytat: В конце XVII в. изменения в архитектуре России происходили с удивительной быстротой. Поздняя версия стиля „узорочья” времени царя Федора Алексеевича (1676-1682) сменилась архитектурой нарышкинского стиля, развивавшейся в 1680-1690-е гг<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectclassica.ru%2Fschool%2F01_2001%2F01_01_school.htm" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projectclassica.ru/school/11_2004/school2004_11_01a.htm">Школа – Марина Вдовиченко. Церковь Одигитрии в Вязьме</a> [online], projectclassica.ru [dostęp 2016-02-19], Cytat: Церковь Одигитрии полноправно занимает место в ряду лучших памятников, близко связанных с московско-кремлевскими постройками и формирующих первую волну узорочья XVII в., иначе – стиля Алексея Михайловича.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE.+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectclassica.ru%2Fschool%2F11_2004%2Fschool2004_11_01a.htm" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:502-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:502_55-5">f</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, 1955<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+-+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article097912.html">Барокко</a>, [w:] <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Radziecka" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Radziecka">Большая Советская Энциклопедия</a>, wyd. 3, Советская энциклопедия, Москва 1970, Т. 3 „Бари – Браслет” [dostęp 2016-04-05], Cytat: При общей для Барокко сословной природе, русское Барокко было свободно от экзальтации и мистицизма (характерных для католических стран) и обладало рядом национальных особенностей, обусловленных чувством гордости за успехи государства и народа.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%5B%5BWielka+Encyklopedia+Radziecka%7C%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%5D%5D&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=1970&rft.edition=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle097912.html" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:442-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:442_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:442_57-1">b</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Анри ЮрьевичА.Ю. Каптиков Анри ЮрьевичА.Ю., Региональное многообразие архитектуры русского барокко: Север, Вятка, Поволжье, Урал и Сибирь, УралНИИпроект РААСН, Екатеринбург: ООО „Вебстер”, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785903560189" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785903560189">ISBN 978-5-903560-18-9</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-903560-18-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%3A+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%2C+%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5%2C+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E+%E2%80%9E%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%E2%80%9D" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:422-58">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:422_58-6">g</a> <cite class="citation nourl">А.Г.А.Г. Побединская А.Г.А.Г. (red.), Русское искусство эпохи барокко. Новые материалы и исследования, Государственный Эрмитаж. Отдел истории русской культуры, Санкт-Петербург: Славия, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5886540369" title="Specjalna:Książki/5886540369">ISBN 5-88654-036-9</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE.+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.isbn=5-88654-036-9&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=1998" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 86–87<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+-+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Александр ВладимировичА.В. Липатов Александр ВладимировичА.В. (red.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inslav.ru/images/stories/pdf/1982_Barokko.pdf">Барокко в славянских культурах</a>, Москва: Наука, 1982<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finslav.ru%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdf%2F1982_Barokko.pdf" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/112520">Нарышкинский стиль</a>, wyd. 3, Москва: Советская энциклопедия, 1974, T. 17 „Моршин – Никиш” [dostęp 2016-04-05], Cytat: Нарышкинский стиль, нарышкинское барокко, условное наименование стилевого направления в русской архитектуре конца 17 – начала 18 вв. Происходит от фамилии Нарышкиных, в чьих имениях в Москве и близ неё строились светски-нарядные многоярусные церкви [Покрова в Филях, 1690–93, Троицы в Троицком-Лыкове, 1698–1704 (обе – ныне в черте Москвы), и др.]. Им свойственны симметричность композиции, логичность соотношений масс и размещения пышного белокаменного декора, в котором свободно истолкованный ордер, заимствованный из западноевропейской архитектуры, служит средством зрительно связать многосоставный объём постройки. В этом нарастании рационального начала ярко сказались тенденции перехода от средневековой безордерной к последовательно ордерной архитектуре. Так как черты Н. с. присущи многим др. светским и культовым зданиям того времени, в искусствоведческой литературе стал применяться термин «московское барокко», который точнее отражает основной район распространения этого направления.<br /&gt<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=1974&rft.edition=3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdic.academic.ru%2Fdic.nsf%2Fbse%2F112520" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Ольга ИвановнаО.И. Брайцева Ольга ИвановнаО.И., Строгановские постройки рубежа XVII–XVIII веков, Москва: Стройиздат, 1977<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0+XVII%E2%80%93XVIII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 86–90, 332–333<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+-+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Уильям КрафтУ.К. Брамфилд Уильям КрафтУ.К., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultinfo.ru/brumfield/siberia/index.htm">Восточные мотивы в церковной архитектуре Сибири</a> [online], cultinfo.ru [dostęp 2016-02-21], Cytat: Именно русско-украинская склонность к детальному орнаменту фасада, проявляющаяся в „сибирской барочной” архитектуре на протяжении всего 18го века, способствовала толерантности в отношении декоративных мотивов из других многочисленных источников, включая храмы и ступы азиатской буддийской культуры<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcultinfo.ru%2Fbrumfield%2Fsiberia%2Findex.htm" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-65">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_65-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064129/http://cultinfo.ru/brumfield/siberia/">Уильям Крафт Брамфилд. Восточные мотивы в церковной архитектуре Сибири</a> [online], cultinfo.ru [dostęp 2016-03-07] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultinfo.ru/brumfield/siberia/">adresu</a> 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82+%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4.+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcultinfo.ru%2Fbrumfield%2Fsiberia%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">Татьяна СергеевнаТ.С. Проскурякова Татьяна СергеевнаТ.С., Черты своеобразия архитектуры Сибири XVIII в., „Архитектурное наследство”, 40, 1996, s. 70–74<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1996&rft.jtitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8+XVIII+%D0%B2." style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Р.Р.Р.Р. Салихов Р.Р.Р.Р., Исторические мечети Казани, Р.Р.Р.Р. Хайрутдинов, Казань: Татарское книжное издательство, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5298041205" title="Specjalna:Książki/5298041205">ISBN 5-298-04120-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0.%D0%A0.&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=5-298-04120-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">WojsławW. Mole WojsławW.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://otworzksiazke.pl/images/ksiazki/sztuka_rosyjska/sztuka_rosyjska.pdf">Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914</a>, Wrocław, Kraków: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, 1955, s. 15–16<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+imienia+Ossoli%C5%84skich+-+Wydawnictwo&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Mole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fotworzksiazke.pl%2Fimages%2Fksiazki%2Fsztuka_rosyjska%2Fsztuka_rosyjska.pdf" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Виктор ГеоргиевичВ.Г. Власов Виктор ГеоргиевичВ.Г., Архитектура „петровского барокко”. Эпоха. Стиль. Мастера, Санкт-Петербург: Белое и черное, 1996<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%E2%80%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%E2%80%9D.+%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article097512.html">Рококо</a>, [w:] Большая Советская Энциклопедия [online], bse.sci-lib.com [dostęp 2016-04-05], Cytat: В России веяния Рококо, особенно сильные в середине 18 в., проявились главным образом в отделке дворцовых интерьеров, созданных В. В. Растрелли, лепном декоре зданий Растрелли, С. И. Чевакинского и др., а также в ряде отраслей декоративно-прикладного искусства (резьба по дереву, художественное серебро и фарфор, мебель, ювелирное искусство).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=bse.sci-lib.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle097512.html" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-71">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_71-1">b</a> <cite class="citation">Андрей АлексеевичА.А. Михайлов Андрей АлексеевичА.А., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bl000070006/view#page=5">Собраніе плановъ, фасадовъ и профилей для строенія каменныхъ церквей съ краткимъ наставленіемъ Какъ о самомъ производствҍ строенія, такъ и о вычисленіи потребныхъ къ тому матеріаловъ; При чемъ приложены и объяснительные чертежи важнҍйшихъ частей зданій, съ означеніемъ размҍра оныхъ для практическаго употребленія</a>, Иосиф ИвановичИ.И. Шарлеман, По высочайшему Его Императорскаго Величества повелҍнію Министерства Внутреннихъ дҍлъ отъ Департамента Государственнаго Хозяйства и Публичныхъ Зданій изданное, Санктпетербургъ: Бъ типографіи Медицинскаго департамента Министерства Внутреннихъ дҍлъ, 1824<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%2C+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%8A+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D2%8D+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%2C+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A+%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A+%D0%BA%D1%8A+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%3B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D2%8D%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D1%8A+%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D2%8D%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A&rft.pub=%D0%91%D1%8A+%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A+%D0%B4%D2%8D%D0%BB%D1%8A&rft.date=1824&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvivaldi.nlr.ru%2Fbl000070006%2Fview%23page%3D5" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:43-72">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:43_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:43_72-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Валерий КонстантиновичВ.К. Шуйский Валерий КонстантиновичВ.К., Зрелое русское барокко и ранний классицизм, Санкт-Петербург: Белое и черное, 1997<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:39-73">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:39_73-6">g</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Владимир ГригорьевичВ.Г. Лисовский Владимир ГригорьевичВ.Г., Архитектура России XVIII – начала XX века. Поиски национального стиля, Москва: Белый город, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785779316293" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785779316293">ISBN 978-5-7793-1629-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-5-7793-1629-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+XVIII+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:34-74">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:34_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:34_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:34_74-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Глеб ГеннадьевичГ.Г. Поспелов Глеб ГеннадьевичГ.Г. (red.), Русский классицизм второй половины XVII – начала XIX века, Москва: Изобразительное искусство, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5852001597" title="Specjalna:Książki/5852001597">ISBN 5-85200-159-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+XVII+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+XIX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.isbn=5-85200-159-7&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1994" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:35-75"><a href="#cite_ref-:35_75-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Наталья НиколаевнаН.Н. Коваленская Наталья НиколаевнаН.Н., Русский классицизм: Живопись, скульптура, графика. К 400-летию русского книгопечатания, Москва: Искусство, 1964<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%3A+%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%2C+%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0.+%D0%9A+400-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:30-76">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:30_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:30_76-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">АркадийА. Ипполитов АркадийА., Палладио в России. От барокко до модернизм, ВасилийВ. Успенский, Москва: Кучково поле, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785995005292" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785995005292">ISBN 978-5-9950-0529-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-5-9950-0529-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9E%D1%82+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Валерий СтефановичВ.С. Турчин Валерий СтефановичВ.С., Александр I и неоклассицизм в России. Стиль империи или империя как стиль, Российская Академия Художеств, Российское Дворянское Собрание, Москва: Жираф, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5898320229" title="Specjalna:Książki/5898320229">ISBN 5-89832-022-9</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5-89832-022-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+I+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.pub=%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">АркадийА. Гайдамак АркадийА., Русский ампир: Архитектура, декоративно-прикладное искусство и убранство интерьера первой трети XIX в, Москва, Париж: Трилистник, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5894800234" title="Specjalna:Książki/5894800234">ISBN 5-89480-023-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=5-89480-023-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%3A+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+XIX+%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Павел АнатольевичП.А. Клубков Павел АнатольевичП.А. (red.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanities_dictionary.academic.ru/1152/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80">Ампир</a>, Москва: Гуманитарный издательский центр Владос: Филологический факультет Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, 2002, Т. 1: А-Ж, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5846500218" title="Specjalna:Książki/5846500218">ISBN 5-8465-0021-8</a> [dostęp 2016-04-01]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80&rft.isbn=5-8465-0021-8&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%3A+%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanities_dictionary.academic.ru%2F1152%2F%25D0%2590%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">ВладимирВ. Седов ВладимирВ., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projectclassica.ru/school/02_2001/02_01_school.htm">Стиль неогрек в Москве</a> [online], projectclassica.ru, 16 grudnia 2011<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft.date=2011-12-16&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojectclassica.ru%2Fschool%2F02_2001%2F02_01_school.htm" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:31-81">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:31_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:31_81-1">b</a> <cite class="citation nourl">ВладимирВ. Круглов ВладимирВ., Неоклассицизм в России, ВладимирВ. Леняшин, ОльгаО. Мусакова, Русский музей, Санкт-Петербург: Palace Editions Graficart, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785933322542" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785933322542">ISBN 978-5-93332-254-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-5-93332-254-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Palace+Editions+Graficart" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130726024650/http://tonkosti.ru/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2">Дворец земледельцев: экскурсии, экспозиции, точный адрес, телефон</a> [online], tonkosti.ru [dostęp 2016-05-28] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonkosti.ru/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2">adresu</a> 2013-07-26], Cytat: Как бы то ни было, но Дворец земледельцев построен и притягивает к себе всеобщее внимание своими огромными размерами, но главное – эклектичным роскошным экстерьером стиля бозар (...)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%3A+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%2C+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftonkosti.ru%2F%25D0%2594%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:40-83"><a href="#cite_ref-:40_83-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Валерий СтефановичВ.С. Турчин Валерий СтефановичВ.С., Эпоха романтизма в России. К истории русского искусства первой трети XIX столетия. Очерки, Москва: Искусство, 1981<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+XIX+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Софья АлександровнаС.А. Чапкина-Руга Софья АлександровнаС.А., Стиль Шинуазри в России от истоков до наших дней, Москва: Контакт-культура, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785903406142" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785903406142">ISBN 978-5-903406-14-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-5-903406-14-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">А.И.А.И. Андреев А.И.А.И., Храм Будды в Северной столице, СПб: Нартанг, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5901941144" title="Specjalna:Książki/5901941144">ISBN 5-901941-14-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%B1&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.%D0%98.&rft.aulast=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5-901941-14-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">Л.К.Л.К. Минерт Л.К.Л.К., Происхождение архитектуры бурятского буддийского храма, „Строительство и архитектура”, 1980<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1980&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w czasopiśmie </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Дарима СанжиевнаД.С. Жамсуева Дарима СанжиевнаД.С., Агинские дацаны как памятники истории культуры, Рос. акад. наук. Сиб. отд-ние, Ин-т монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии, Улан-Удэ: Изд-во Бурят. науч. центра, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5792500894" title="Specjalna:Książki/5792500894">ISBN 5-7925-0089-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%8D&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5-7925-0089-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82.+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87.+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:36-88">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:36_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:36_88-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И. Кириченко Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И., Русская архитектура 1830-1910-х годов, wyd. 2, poprawione i uzupełnione, Москва: Искусство, 1982<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.edition=2%2C+poprawione+i+uzupe%C5%82nione&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=1982&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+1830-1910-%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article125562.html">Эклектизм</a>, [w:] <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Radziecka" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Radziecka">Большая Советская Энциклопедия</a>, wyd. 3, Советская энциклопедия, Москва 1978, Т. 30 „Экслибрис – Яя” [dostęp 2016-04-05], Cytat: Эклектизм 19 в. с его «вселенским» охватом архитектурных и орнаментальных мотивов оказал значительное влияние на зарождение целостного в своей сущности, но питающегося из самых различных источников стиля «модерн».<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%5B%5BWielka+Encyklopedia+Radziecka%7C%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%5D%5D&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.date=1978&rft.edition=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle125562.html" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">ГенрихГ. Гацура ГенрихГ., Мебель, Интерьеры периода эклектики. 1851-1899: поиск нового стиля: история одного из самых интересных периодов в мебельном искусстве России и Европы, wyd. 2, uzupełnione i zmienione, Москва: АРТ-Корона, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785905233029" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785905233029">ISBN 978-5-90523302-9</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.edition=2%2C+uzupe%C5%82nione+i+zmienione&rft.aufirst=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-5-90523302-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.+1851-1899%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Александр ВитальевичА.В. Берташ Александр ВитальевичА.В., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160304022334/http://conf.gorkilib.ru/%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F.aspx">Храмостроительство в Российской империи под покровительством государей из династии Романовых и поиски национального стиля</a>, Пермская государственная ордена «Знак Почёта» краевая универсальная библиотека им. А.М. Горького, conf.gorkilib.ru, 2013 [dostęp 2016-03-03] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conf.gorkilib.ru/%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F.aspx">adresu</a> 2016-03-04], Cytat: В начале 1826 года, в ответ на многочисленные пожелания «снизу», Синод обратился к императору Николаю Павловичу с просьбой дополнить собрание образцовых проектов 1824 года несколькими новыми, составленными «по примеру древних православных церквей»<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconf.gorkilib.ru%2F%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25B2-%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9-%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC-%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9-%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7-%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8-%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D1%2585-%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE-%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F.aspx" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/20160219220714/http://sovencyclopedia.ru/?aid=62661">Псевдорусский стиль</a> [online], sovencyclopedia.ru [dostęp 2016-02-14] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sovencyclopedia.ru/?aid=62661">adresu</a> 2016-02-19]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsovencyclopedia.ru%2F%3Faid%3D62661" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spb300.osis.ru/vek19/F19/1841-1850/1842.shtml">1842 год. Введенский собор.</a> [online], spb300.osis.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=1842+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.+%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spb300.osis.ru%2Fvek19%2FF19%2F1841-1850%2F1842.shtml" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">GavinG. Ambrose GavinG., The Visual Dictionary of Architecture, PaulP. Harris, Lausanne, Switzerland: AVA Publishing, 2007, s. 78, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/294037354X" title="Specjalna:Książki/294037354X">ISBN 2-940373-54-X</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Lausanne%2C+Switzerland&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=294037354X&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+Visual+Dictionary+of+Architecture&rft.pub=AVA+Publishing" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-95">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_95-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_I_Romanow" title="Mikołaj I Romanow">Mikołaj IM.I. Romanow Mikołaj IM.I.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003821741#?page=213">Najwyższy ukaz nr 14392 z 25 marca 1841 roku</a>, [w:] Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Собрание 2. 1841 : От № 14141-14986, 1842, s. 213, Cytat: (...) подъ вҍдомствомъ коихъ могутъ быть составляемы проекты на построеніе православныхъ церквей, чтобы при соствленіи таковыхъ проектовъ, преимущественно и по возможности сохраняемъ былъ вкусъ древняго Византійского зодчества. (...) для сего могутъ съ пользою принимаемы быть въ соображеніе чертежи, составленные на построеніе православныхъ церквей Профессоромъ Архитектуры Константиномъ Тономъ<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=Miko%C5%82aj+I&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+2.+1841+%3A+%D0%9E%D1%82+%E2%84%96+14141-14986&rft.atitle=Najwy%C5%BCszy+ukaz+nr+14392+z+25+marca+1841+roku&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Romanow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlib.rsl.ru%2Fviewer%2F01003821741%23%3Fpage%3D213" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <cite class="citation">Инесса НиколаевнаИ.Н. Слюнькова Инесса НиколаевнаИ.Н. (red.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8nLntMKDEqAC">Предмет архитектуры: Искусство без границ. Сборник научных работ</a>, Российская Академия Художеств, Научно-исследовательский институт теории и истории изобразительных искусств, Москва: Прогресс-Традиция, 2011, s. 267–305, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5898263837" title="Specjalna:Książki/5898263837">ISBN 5-89826-383-7</a> [dostęp 2016-03-03]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86.+%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82&rft.isbn=5898263837&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nLntMKDEqAC" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И. Кириченко Евгения ИвановнаЕ.И., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ffVAAAAMAAJ">Русская архитектура 1830-1910-х годов</a>, wyd. 2, poprawione i uzupełnione, Москва: Искусство, 1982 [dostęp 2016-03-03]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.edition=2%2C+poprawione+i+uzupe%C5%82nione&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=1982&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+1830-1910-%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ffVAAAAMAAJ" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160310035945/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=6710206005">Усадьба „Талашкино”. Церковь Сошествия Святого Духа (церковь Спаса)</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=6710206005">adresu</a> 2016-03-10]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0+%E2%80%9E%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%E2%80%9D.+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0+%28%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D6710206005" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sobory.ru/article/?object=03165">Фленово. Церковь Сошествия Святого Духа</a> [online], sobory.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03], Cytat: Архитектурные стили: Модерн, Романтический стиль. Адрес: Смоленская область, Смоленский район, п. Фленово, музей „Талашкино”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsobory.ru%2Farticle%2F%3Fobject%3D03165" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encspb.ru/object/2804676518">Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга</a> [online], encspb.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03], Cytat: 6 июня 1912 выдержанная в древнерусском стиле с элементами модерна постройка была заложена в честь Покрова, в память о дне основания института<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencspb.ru%2Fobject%2F2804676518" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160310035846/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=7810224014">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=7810224014">adresu</a> 2016-03-10]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D7810224014" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160310035952/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010373002">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010373002">adresu</a> 2016-03-10]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D5010373002" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archnadzor.ru/2012/01/30/rekonstruktsiya-vvts-perezhivet-li-vshv-vdnh-vvts-vtoroe-rozhdenie/">Архнадзор » Архив » Пережить второе рождение</a> [online], 30 stycznia 2012 [dostęp 2016-03-10], Cytat: Особое место занимает бывшее кафе «Лебедь» – небольшая архитектурная аномалия середины 1950-х, по своему резному декору напоминающая неорусский стиль рубежа 19-ХХ века в духе Абрамцева<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80+%C2%BB+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%C2%BB+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archnadzor.ru%2F2012%2F01%2F30%2Frekonstruktsiya-vvts-perezhivet-li-vshv-vdnh-vvts-vtoroe-rozhdenie%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kremlin-izmailovo.com/o-kremle/istorija-sozdanija">Кремль в Измайлово. История создания</a> [online], kremlin-izmailovo.com, 2014 [dostęp 2016-05-29]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2014&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kremlin-izmailovo.com%2Fo-kremle%2Fistorija-sozdanija" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160324043550/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010444001">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-02] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010444001">adresu</a> 2016-03-24]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D5010444001" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160310034508/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010444008">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-02] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=5010444008">adresu</a> 2016-03-10]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D5010444008" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:41-107">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:41_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_107-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_107-3">d</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Юрий РостиславовичЮ.Р. Савельев Юрий РостиславовичЮ.Р., „Византийский стиль” в архитектуре России: вторая половина XIX – начало XX века, Санкт-Петербург: Лики России – Проект-2003, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5874172076" title="Specjalna:Książki/5874172076">ISBN 5-87417-207-6</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=5-87417-207-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9E%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%E2%80%9D+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+XIX+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82-2003" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">J.B.J.B. Bullen J.B.J.B., Byzantium Rediscovered, London, New York: Phaidon, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780714846385" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780714846385">ISBN 978-0-7148-4638-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=London%2C+New+York&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.aulast=Bullen&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780714846385&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Byzantium+Rediscovered&rft.pub=Phaidon" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Алексей ИвановичА.И. Некрасов Алексей ИвановичА.И., Византийское и русское искусство: Для строительных факультетов Высших Учебных Заведений, Москва: Издание Государственного Универсального Магазина, 1924, s. 183<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%3A+%D0%94%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">AndrzejA. Winiarski AndrzejA., Włocławek na starej fotografii, Wyd. pod patronatem Stowarzyszenia Kolekcjonerów Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Ziemi Kujawsko-Dobrzyńskiej we Włocławku, Włocławek: Oficyna Wydawnicza „Lars-Antyki”, 2008, s. 143, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8392039122" title="Specjalna:Książki/8392039122">ISBN 83-920391-2-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.aulast=Winiarski&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=83-920391-2-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek+na+starej+fotografii&rft.pub=Oficyna+Wydawnicza+%E2%80%9ELars-Antyki%E2%80%9D" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopuły-111"><a href="#cite_ref-kopuły_111-0">↑</a> K. Sokoł, A. Sosna, Kopuły nad Wisłą. Prawosławne cerkwie w centralnej Polsce w latach 1815–1915, Moskwa, MID „Synergia”, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5736803012" title="Specjalna:Książki/5736803012">ISBN 5-7368-0301-2</a>, s. 97–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Николай ИвановичН.И. Епишкин Николай ИвановичН.И., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallicismes.academic.ru/33593">Ретроспективизм</a>, [w:] Исторический словарь галлицизмов русского языка [online], Словари и энциклопедии на Академике, 2010 [dostęp 2016-03-31], Cytat: Ретроспективизм а, м. retrospective f. Обращение к прошлым стилям в искусстве. В общем уклоне к „ретроспективизму” мы обращались к первоисточникам, не было в помине тех пособий и тех неисчислимых книг по искусству, в которых все разжевано теперешнему художнику. М.В. Добужинский. // НН 1997 41 116 (...)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2010&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallicismes.academic.ru%2F33593" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-113">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_113-2">c</a> <cite class="citation">В.Г.В.Г. Власов В.Г.В.Г., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cih.ru/ae/af64.html">Ретроспективизм</a>, [w:] Большой энциклопедический словарь изобразительного искусства. В 8 т., Лита, СПб. 2000 [dostęp 2016-03-31]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.%D0%93.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%92+8+%D1%82.&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%B1.&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcih.ru%2Fae%2Faf64.html" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Елена АндреевнаЕ.А. Борисова Елена АндреевнаЕ.А., Русский модерн, Григорий ЮрьевичГ.Ю. Стернин, Москва: Советский художник, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5269000288" title="Specjalna:Książki/5269000288">ISBN 5-269-00028-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=5-269-00028-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">ОльгаО. Стругова ОльгаО., Мебель в русском интерьере конца XIX – начала XX веков, Москва: Издательский дом Руднецковых, 2005<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0+XIX+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">ГенрихГ. Гацура ГенрихГ., Мебель и интерьеры модерна (1880-1917): Рождение нового стиля. Серебряный век в мебели. Стиль Николая II, Москва: МГО СП России, Московская городская организация Союза писателей России, Издательство Московской городской организации Союза писателей России, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5794909978" title="Specjalna:Książki/5794909978">ISBN 5-7949-0997-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=5-7949-0997-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%281880-1917%29%3A+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F.+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+II&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%A1%D0%9F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <cite class="citation">Виктор ГеоргиевичВ.Г. Власов Виктор ГеоргиевичВ.Г., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cih.ru/ae/af64.html">Русский Модерн</a>, [w:] Большой энциклопедический словарь изобразительного искусства. В 8 т., ЛИТА, Санкт-Петербург 2000–2001 [dostęp 2016-03-31]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%92+8+%D1%82.&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcih.ru%2Fae%2Faf64.html" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Павел ЮрьевичП.Ю. Климов Павел ЮрьевичП.Ю., Модерн в России, Владимир АлексеевичВ.А. Леняшин, Юлия БорисовнаЮ.Б. Демиденко, Москва: Арт-Родник, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785404000252" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785404000252">ISBN 978-5-404-00025-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-5-404-00025-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:28-119"><a href="#cite_ref-:28_119-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">ЕкатеринаЕ. Амфилохиева ЕкатеринаЕ., „Мир искусства”. К столетию выст. рус. и финлянд. художников 1898 г. ВладимирВ. Круглов, Государственный Русский музей, Музей изобразительного искусства Финляндии „Атенеум”, Санкт-Петербург: Palace Editions, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5900872807" title="Specjalna:Książki/5900872807">ISBN 5-900872-80-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=5-900872-80-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9E%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%E2%80%9D.+%D0%9A+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82.+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.+%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4.+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+1898+%D0%B3.&rft.pub=Palace+Editions" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:27-120">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:27_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_120-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_120-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Василий ВладимировичВ.В. Кириллов Василий ВладимировичВ.В., Архитектура „северного модерна”, wyd. 2, poprawione i uzupełnione, Москва: URSS КомКнига, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5484011620" title="Specjalna:Książki/5484011620">ISBN 5-484-01162-0</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.edition=2%2C+poprawione+i+uzupe%C5%82nione&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=5484011620&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%E2%80%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%E2%80%9D&rft.pub=URSS+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Василий ВладимировичВ.В. Кириллов Василий ВладимировичВ.В., Северный модерн: образ, символ, знак, Издательские решения, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785447429928" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785447429928">ISBN 978-5-4474-2992-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%3A+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%2C+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&rft.isbn=9785447429928&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/20130921015643/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=7802557000">Памятники истории и культуры (объекты культурного наследия) народов Российской Федерации</a> [online], kulturnoe-nasledie.ru [dostęp 2016-03-03] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/monuments.php?id=7802557000">adresu</a> 2013-09-21], Cytat: Дача Гаусвальд Е. К. Авторы и датировки: 1898 Г., 1910 Г., 1916 Г<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%28%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%29+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkulturnoe-nasledie.ru%2Fmonuments.php%3Fid%3D7802557000" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Борис МихайловичБ.М. Кириков Борис МихайловичБ.М., Архитектура Петербургского модерна. Особняки и доходные дома, wyd. 3, zmienione, Санкт-Петербург: Коло, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5901841417" title="Specjalna:Książki/5901841417">ISBN 5-901841-41-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.edition=3%2C+zmienione&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=5-901841-41-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Борис МихайловичБ.М. Кириков Борис МихайловичБ.М., Архитектура петербургского модерна, Общественные здания, Санкт-Петербург: Коло, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785901841808" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785901841808">ISBN 978-5-901841-80-8</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9785901841808&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-125">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:33_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:33_125-1">b</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Мария ВладимировнаМ.В. Нащокина Мария ВладимировнаМ.В., Московский модерн, Рос. акад. архитектуры и строит. наук, Науч.-исслед. ин-т теории и истории архитектуры и градостроительства, wyd. 5, poprawione i uzupełnione, Санкт-Петербург: Коло, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785446200597" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785446200597">ISBN 978-5-4462-0059-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.edition=5%2C+poprawione+i+uzupe%C5%82nione&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-5-4462-0059-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Мария ВладимировнаМ.В. Нащокина Мария ВладимировнаМ.В., Архитекторы московского модерна: творческие портреты, НИИ теории архитектуры и градостроительства Рос. акад. архитектуры и строит. наук, wyd. 3, poprawione i uzupełnione, Москва: Жираф, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5898320431" title="Specjalna:Książki/5898320431">ISBN 5-89832-043-1</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.edition=3%2C+poprawione+i+uzupe%C5%82nione&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=5-89832-043-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Г.Ю.Г.Ю. Стернин Г.Ю.Г.Ю., Русская художественная культура 2-й половины 19- начала XX века, Москва 1984<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%93.%D0%AE.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+2-%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+19-+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">В.С.В.С. Горюнов В.С.В.С., М.П.М.П. Тубли М.П.М.П., Архитектура эпохи модерна, Ленинград 1992<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.%D0%A1.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Е.М.Е.М. Шухова Е.М.Е.М., Владимир Григорьевич Шухов. Первый инженер России, Москва: Изд. МГТУ, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5703822955" title="Specjalna:Książki/5703822955">ISBN 5-7038-2295-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%95.%D0%9C.&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-7038-2295-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4.+%D0%9C%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A3" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">С.О.С.О. Хан-Магомедов С.О.С.О., Сто шедевров советского архитектурного авангарда, Москва: УРСС, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5354008921" title="Specjalna:Książki/5354008921">ISBN 5-354-00892-1</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1.%D0%9E.&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5-354-00892-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%A3%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A1" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">EvguenyE. Kovtun EvguenyE., Russische Avantgarde, London: Sirocco, Parkstone International, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781780423463" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781780423463">ISBN 978-1-78042-346-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=London&rft.aufirst=Evgueny&rft.aulast=Kovtun&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-78042-346-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Russische+Avantgarde&rft.pub=Sirocco%2C+Parkstone+International" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Евгения НиколаевнаЕ.Н. Петрова Евгения НиколаевнаЕ.Н., Авангард до и после, Жан-КлодЖ.К. Маркадэ (red.), Государственный Русский музей, Санкт-Петербург: Palace Editions, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5933321524" title="Specjalna:Książki/5933321524">ISBN 5-93332-152-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=5-93332-152-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft.pub=Palace+Editions" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">ИринаИ. Карасик ИринаИ., Русский авангард: личность и школа, Государственный Русский музей, Сб. по материалам конф., посвящ. выст. „Казимир Малевич в Русском музее” и „В кругу Малевича” (СПб., Русский музей, 2000), Санкт-Петербург: Palace Editions, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5933321214" title="Specjalna:Książki/5933321214">ISBN 5-93332-121-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-93332-121-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%3A+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.pub=Palace+Editions" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">ЕленаЕ. Сидорина ЕленаЕ., Конструктивизм без берегов. Исследования и этюды о русском авангарде, Москва: Прогресс-Традиция, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9855898263652" title="Specjalna:Książki/9855898263652">ISBN 985-5-89826-365-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=985-5-89826-365-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:29-135">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:29_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:29_135-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:29_135-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Селим ОмаровичС.О. Хан-Магометов Селим ОмаровичС.О., Архитектура Советского авангарда. Т. 1. Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и течения, Москва: Стройиздат, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5274020453" title="Specjalna:Książki/5274020453">ISBN 5-274-02045-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=5-274-02045-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2.+1.+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-136"><a href="#cite_ref-:20_136-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">ЕленаЕ. Баснер ЕленаЕ., В круге Малевича: Соратники, ученики, последователи в России 1920–1950-х, ИринаИ. Карасик i inni, Государственный Русский музей, Санкт-Петербург: Palace Editions, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5933320390" title="Specjalna:Książki/5933320390">ISBN 5-93332-039-0</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=5-93332-039-0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%3A+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+1920%E2%80%931950-%D1%85&rft.pub=Palace+Editions" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">МаринаМ. Романова МаринаМ., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acexpert.ru/archive/46-309/chto-hochu-to-razvorochu.html">Что хочу, то разворочу</a>, „Эксперт Урал”, Подготовил Юрий Немытых, №46 (309), acexpert.ru, 10 grudnia 2007 [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft.jtitle=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%2C+%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acexpert.ru%2Farchive%2F46-309%2Fchto-hochu-to-razvorochu.html" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">ÉvaÉ. Forgács ÉvaÉ., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HMOdpTeMM1AC">The Bauhaus Idea and Bauhaus Politics</a>, Budapest, London, New York: Central European University Press, 1995, s. 179, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781858660127" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781858660127">ISBN 978-1-85866-012-7</a> [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Budapest%2C+London%2C+New+York&rft.aufirst=%C3%89va&rft.aulast=Forg%C3%A1cs&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781858660127&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=The+Bauhaus+Idea+and+Bauhaus+Politics&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHMOdpTeMM1AC" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).1 stycznia</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <cite class="citation">Хранитель Каменной Летописи, [w:] Л.В.Л.В. Масалкина Л.В.Л.В., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=page&num=3747">Тольцинер Ф. М. Узник Усольлага</a>, [w:] Немцы в Прикамье. ХХ век: Сборник документов и материалов в 2-х т. Т. II. Публицистика. Мы – из трудармии, Администрация Перм. обл., Ком. по делам архивов Перм. обл., ГОУ „Гос. обществ.-полит. арх. Перм. обл.”, ГОУ „Гос. арх. Перм. обл.”; [отв. сост. – Т.В. Безденежных науч. рук. – О.Л. Лейбович, д. ист. н., проф.], Po raz pierwszy opublikowano w: „Соликамские вести”, 16 września 1995, Изд-во «Пушка», Пермь 2006, s. 43–50, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5987990262" title="Specjalna:Książki/5987990262">ISBN 5-98799-026-2</a> [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8C&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B.%D0%92.&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=5-98799-026-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%A4.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakharov-center.ru%2Fasfcd%2Fauth%2F%3Ft%3Dpage%26num%3D3747" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-140">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_140-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">АннаА. Асташкина АннаА., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/6GWPNqNWk">Урал в авангарде архитектуры</a>, „Журнал Недвижимость”, webcitation.org, (Екатеринбург), 30 stycznia 2012 [dostęp 2016-03-08], Cytat: В Советскую Россию прибыли выпускники Баухауза, объединившиеся, главным образом, в две группы – под руководством Ганса Майера и Эрнста Мая. Последней и предстояло проявить себя в градостроительстве. На Урале наиболее заметный след они оставили в проектировании Магнитогорска и Орска<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft.jtitle=%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.place=%28%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%29&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2F6GWPNqNWk" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <cite class="citation">В.Н.В.Н. Анфимов В.Н.В.Н., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblio28.ru/kraevedenie/toponimika/ploshhad-pervoj-pyatiletki.html">Площадь Первой пятилетки</a>, [w:] История строительства Уралмаша, Уралмашзавод, Свердловск 1968, s. 48–49 [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%92.%D0%9D.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblio28.ru%2Fkraevedenie%2Ftoponimika%2Fploshhad-pervoj-pyatiletki.html" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <cite class="citation">АндрейА. Расторгуев АндрейА., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazines.russ.ru/ural/2011/6/ra22.html">Наследие эксперимента. Из истории архитектурного авангарда на Урале</a>, ЛюдмилаЛ. Токменинова, АстридА. Фольперт, „Урал”, magazines.russ.ru, czerwiec 2011 [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0.+%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft.date=2011-06&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.russ.ru%2Fural%2F2011%2F6%2Fra22.html" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-143">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_143-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_143-2">c</a> <cite class="citation">Л.И.Л.И. Токменинова Л.И.Л.И., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vk.com/doc2754663_386162286?hash=6200948e98c1f17e36&dl=d9cb2d421a90f9d062">Bauhaus на Урале: от Соликамска до Орска</a>, А.А. Фольперт, Представительство Фонда Розы Люксембург в Российской Федерации, Уральская государственная архитектурно-художественная академия, Екатеринбург: Вебстер, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785903560011" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785903560011">ISBN 978-5-903560-01-1</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.aufirst=%D0%9B.%D0%98.&rft.aulast=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-5-903560-01-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Bauhaus+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%3A+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvk.com%2Fdoc2754663_386162286%3Fhash%3D6200948e98c1f17e36%26dl%3Dd9cb2d421a90f9d062" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">RossR. Wolfe RossR., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecharnelhouse.org/2013/07/30/foreign-architects-in-the-soviet-union-during-the-first-two-five-year-plans/">Foreign architects in the Soviet Union during the first two five-year plans. By Anatole Kopp</a> [online], The Charnel-House. From Bauhaus to Beinhaus [dostęp 2016-03-13], Cytat: Tsentrosoiuz (the Central Consumers’ Union Building), which was Le Corbusier’s major Soviet commission, is one of the best-known examples of modern architecture in the Soviet Union<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Foreign+architects+in+the+Soviet+Union+during+the+first+two+five-year+plans.+By+Anatole+Kopp&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecharnelhouse.org%2F2013%2F07%2F30%2Fforeign-architects-in-the-soviet-union-during-the-first-two-five-year-plans%2F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-145">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_145-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">ChristinaCh. Lodder ChristinaCh., MariaM. Kokkori MariaM., MariaM. Mileeva MariaM., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7drXAQAAQBAJ">Utopian Reality: Reconstructing Culture in Revolutionary Russia and Beyond</a>, BRILL, 24 października 2013, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9789004263222" title="Specjalna:Książki/9789004263222">ISBN 978-90-04-26322-2</a> [dostęp 2016-03-08]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Utopian+Reality%3A+Reconstructing+Culture+in+Revolutionary+Russia+and+Beyond&rft.isbn=9789004263222&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft.aulast=Lodder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7drXAQAAQBAJ" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Глава 5. Рационализм (как архитектурное течение), [w:] Селим ОмаровичС.О. Хан-Магометов Селим ОмаровичС.О., Архитектура Советского авангарда. Т. 1. Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и течения, Москва: Стройиздат, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5274020453" title="Specjalna:Książki/5274020453">ISBN 5-274-02045-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+5.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%28%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=5-274-02045-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2.+1.+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Селим ОмаровичС.О. Хан-Магомедов Селим ОмаровичС.О., Рационализм (рацио-архитектура) – „формализм”, Е.И.Е.И. Астафьева, И.В.И.В. Попова (red.), Москва: Архитектура-С, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785964701279" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785964701279">ISBN 978-5-9647-0127-9</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-5-9647-0127-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%28%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%29+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9E%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%E2%80%9D&rft.pub=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A1" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <cite class="citation">Д.Ф.Д.Ф. Марков Д.Ф.Д.Ф., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article104892.html">Социалистический реализм</a>, Л.И.Л.И. Тимофеев, [w:] <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Radziecka" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Radziecka">Большая советская энциклопедия</a>, bse.sci-lib.com [dostęp 2016-03-17], Cytat: Изображение жизни в свете идеалов социализма обусловливает и содержание, и основные художественно-структурные принципы искусства Социалистический реализм Его возникновение и развитие связаны с распространением социалистических идей в разных странах, с развитием революционного рабочего движения<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.aufirst=%D0%94.%D0%A4.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%5B%5BWielka+Encyklopedia+Radziecka%7C%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%5D%5D&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle104892.html" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">АльфредА. Барков АльфредА., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://menippea.narod.ru/master02.htm#b9">Глава II. Мастер – имя нарицательное</a>, [w:] Роман Михаила Булгакова «Мастер и Маргарита»: Альтернативное прочтение [online], menippea.narod.ru [dostęp 2016-03-17], Cytat: Ведь еще в 1906 году, когда Горький и „пролетарским писателем” не был, а только писал свою „Мать”, Луначарский ввел в обиход такое понятие как „пролетарский реализм”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+II.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80+%E2%80%93+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=menippea.narod.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmenippea.narod.ru%2Fmaster02.htm%23b9" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20160327204031/http://kostromka.ru/revyakin/literature/508.php">О социалистическом реализме – Вопросы теории – А.А. Ревякина</a> [online], kostromka.ru [dostęp 2016-03-22] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kostromka.ru/revyakin/literature/508.php">adresu</a> 2016-03-27]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5+%E2%80%93+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%90.%D0%90.+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkostromka.ru%2Frevyakin%2Fliterature%2F508.php" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Глава 9. От авангарда к постконструктивизму и далее, [w:] Селим ОмаровичС.О. Хан-Магометов Селим ОмаровичС.О., Архитектура Советского авангарда. Т. 1. Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и течения, Москва: Стройиздат, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5274020453" title="Specjalna:Książki/5274020453">ISBN 5-274-02045-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+9.+%D0%9E%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=5-274-02045-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2.+1.+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Selim O.S.O. Khan-Magomedov Selim O.S.O., Pioneers of Soviet Architecture: The Search for New Solutions in the 1920s and 1930s, CatherineC. Cooke (red.), Translated from the Russian by Alexander Lieven, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1987, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780500341025" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780500341025">ISBN 978-0-500-34102-5</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=London&rft.aufirst=Selim+O.&rft.aulast=Khan-Magomedov&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-500-34102-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Pioneers+of+Soviet+Architecture%3A+The+Search+for+New+Solutions+in+the+1920s+and+1930s&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson+Ltd" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Дмитрий СергеевичД.С. Хмельницкий Дмитрий СергеевичД.С., Предисловие, Е.П.Е.П. Крюкова (red.), [w:] Архитектура Сталина: Психология и стиль, Москва: Прогресс-Традиция, 2007, s. 6, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5896262711" title="Specjalna:Książki/5896262711">ISBN 5-89626-271-1</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=5-89626-271-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" style="display:none"> .???</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Мкртич О.М.О. Окроян Мкртич О.М.О., Скульптура Ар Деко: истоки и расцвет / Art Deco sculpture: from root to flourishing, Е.Е. Усова, Е.Е. Виноградова, В.В. Арвас, Moscow: Русский дом Арт-Деко, 2008<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9E.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%80+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%2F+Art+Deco+sculpture%3A+from+root+to+flourishing&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">МарияМ. Москвичева МарияМ., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mk.ru/culture/2014/12/22/russkie-korni-evropeyskogo-ardeko.html">Русские корни европейского ар-деко. Покажут в Москве в новом музее: в экспозиции – крупнейшая коллекция в мире</a> [online], mk.ru, 22 grudnia 2014 [dostęp 2016-04-01]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5%3A+%D0%B2+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mk.ru%2Fculture%2F2014%2F12%2F22%2Frusskie-korni-evropeyskogo-ardeko.html" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosarchinform.ru/architecture/p2_articleid/12257">Сталинская архитектура (сталинский ампир, сталинский неоренессанс)</a> [online], mosarchinform.ru, 21 listopada 2013 [dostęp 2016-05-29], Cytat: Преображенская Застава (2003) представляет собой целый квартал (308 квартир и розничные магазины), спроектированный в начале 1930-х годов, его стиль похож на адаптацию ар-деко Иофана и Владимирова. Это необычный пример, который на самом деле выглядит как часть сталинского периода, а не новодел<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%28%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%2C+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mosarchinform.ru%2Farchitecture%2Fp2_articleid%2F12257" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-157">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_157-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Дмитрий СергеевичД.С. Хмельницкий Дмитрий СергеевичД.С., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archi.ru/lib/e_publication_for_print.html?id=1850569939">Что такое «социалистический реализм» в архитектуре?</a> [online], Доклад, прочитанный на конференции «Польша и Россия. Искусство и история» в Варшаве, 13 сентября 2012 г., archi.ru [dostęp 2016-03-23]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%C2%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%3F&rft.aulast=%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchi.ru%2Flib%2Fe_publication_for_print.html%3Fid%3D1850569939" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Николай НиколаевичН.Н. Кружков Николай НиколаевичН.Н., Высотки сталинской Москвы: наследие эпохи, Москва: Центрполиграф, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785227045423" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785227045423">ISBN 978-5-227-04542-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-227-04542-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003052254/http://www.pkin.pl/PL/historia-palacu/najwazniejsze-fakty/">Najważniejsze fakty</a>. [w:] Zarząd Pałacu Kultury i Nauki Sp. z o.o. [on-line]. pkin.pl. [dostęp 2014-10-21]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pkin.pl/PL/historia-palacu/najwazniejsze-fakty/">tego adresu</a> (2014-10-03)].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140413150315/http://www.ippe.ru/prc/main/14-m-1.php">25–27 июня 2014 г. в Обнинске будет отмечаться 60-летие со дня пуска Первой в мире АЭС</a> [online], ippe.ru [dostęp 2016-05-29] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ippe.ru/prc/main/14-m-1.php">adresu</a> 2014-04-13]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=25%E2%80%9327+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F+2014+%D0%B3.+%D0%B2+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+60-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ippe.ru%2Fprc%2Fmain%2F14-m-1.php" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/Постановление_Центрального_Комитета_КПСС_и_Совета_Министров_СССР_от_4_ноября_1955_года_№_1871">Постановление Центрального Комитета КПСС и Совета Министров СССР от 4 ноября 1955 года № 1871 – Викитека</a>, Н.Н. Хрущев, Н.Н. Булганин, ru.wikisource.org, 4 listopada 1955 [dostęp 2016-03-21]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.date=1955-11-04&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%A1%D0%A1+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%BE%D1%82+4+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1955+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%E2%84%96+1871+%E2%80%93+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%A1%D0%A1_%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_4_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1955_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%84%96_1871" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-162">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_162-1">b</a> <cite class="citation nourl">Soviet Modernism 1955-1991: Unknown History, Vienna Centre of Architecture, Park Books, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/3906027147" title="Specjalna:Książki/3906027147">ISBN 3-906027-14-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Soviet+Modernism+1955-1991%3A+Unknown+History&rft.isbn=3906027147&rft.pub=Park+Books&rft.date=2013" style="display:none"> .???</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">FrédéricF. Chaubin FrédéricF., Cosmic Communist Constructions Photographed, Taschen, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/3836525194" title="Specjalna:Książki/3836525194">ISBN 3-8365-2519-4</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Cosmic+Communist+Constructions+Photographed&rft.isbn=3836525194&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Chaubin" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-164">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_164-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">FelixF. Novikov FelixF., Soviet modernism, 1955-1985 = Советский модернизм, 1955-1985, VladimirV. Belogolovsky, Екатеринбург: Tatlin, 2010<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Soviet+modernism%2C+1955-1985+%3D+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%2C+1955-1985&rft.place=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&rft.pub=Tatlin&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Novikov" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://architects.dirty.ru/istoriia-arkhitektury-sovetskii-modernizm-667783/">История архитектуры. Советский модернизм</a> [online], architects.dirty.ru [dostęp 2016-05-29]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B.+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchitects.dirty.ru%2Fistoriia-arkhitektury-sovetskii-modernizm-667783%2F" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/russia-pavilion-venice-architecture-biennale">Russia’s Futuristic QR Code Covered Pavilion</a> [online], My Modern Met [dostęp 2016-03-25]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Russia%E2%80%99s+Futuristic+QR+Code+Covered+Pavilion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mymodernmet.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblogs%2Frussia-pavilion-venice-architecture-biennale" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-architect.co.uk/moscow/city_palace_tower_moscow.htm">Russian Kiss – Designing Moscow’s City Palace Tower</a>. [w:] www.e-architect.co.uk [on-line]. [dostęp 2011-12-03]. (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archi.ru">Российская архитектура</a> [online], archi.ru [dostęp 2016-05-29]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchi.ru" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).strona główna serwisu</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">PiotrP. Paszkiewicz PiotrP., W służbie imperium rosyjskiego 1721–1917. Funkcje i treści ideowe rosyjskiej architektury sakralnej na zachodnich rubieżach cesarstwa i poza jego granicami, Warszawa: Instytut Sztuki PAN, 1999, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8385938133" title="Specjalna:Książki/8385938133">ISBN 83-85938-13-3</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft.aulast=Paszkiewicz&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=83-85938-13-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=W+s%C5%82u%C5%BCbie+imperium+rosyjskiego+1721%E2%80%931917.+Funkcje+i+tre%C5%9Bci+ideowe+rosyjskiej+architektury+sakralnej+na+zachodnich+rubie%C5%BCach+cesarstwa+i+poza+jego+granicami&rft.pub=Instytut+Sztuki+PAN" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323172111/https://mospat.ru/archive/2007/05/36074/">Московский Патриархат и Русская Зарубежная Церковь: путь к единству. Интервью председателя Отдела внешних церковных связей Московского Патриархата газете «Вашингтон пост» (Inside Russia, приложение к газете Washington Post, 25 апреля 2007 года): Русская Православная Церковь</a> [online], mospat.ru [dostęp 2016-03-16] [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mospat.ru/archive/2007/05/36074/">adresu</a> 2016-03-23]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%3A+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83.+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%C2%BB+%28Inside+Russia%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+Washington+Post%2C+25+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+2007+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29%3A+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmospat.ru%2Farchive%2F2007%2F05%2F36074%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">DavidD. Holley DavidD., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/russian-orthodox-formally-end-split/">Russian Orthodox formally end split</a> [online], The Seattle Times, 18 maja 2007 [dostęp 2016-03-16], Cytat: MOSCOW – The Russian Orthodox Church on Thursday formally ended an 80-year global schism triggered when overseas exiles refused to accept the domestic church’s subservience to the Soviet state<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=David&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Russian+Orthodox+formally+end+split&rft.date=2007-05-18&rft.aulast=Holley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Frussian-orthodox-formally-end-split%2F" style="display:none"> .</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal nourl">BratislavB. Pantelić BratislavB., Nationalism and Architecture: The Creation of a National Style in Serbian Architecture and Its Political Implications, „Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians”, Vol. 56, No. 1, marzec 1997, s. 16–41<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1997-03&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=Nationalism+and+Architecture%3A+The+Creation+of+a+National+Style+in+Serbian+Architecture+and+Its+Political+Implications" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Church of the Holy Mother of God – Ružica, [w:] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201396">City of Belgrade – Church Architecture</a>, beograd.rs [dostęp 2016-03-27], Cytat: The wall paintings were made by a Russian artist Andrey Bitsenko<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Church+of+the+Holy+Mother+of+God+%E2%80%93+Ru%C5%BEica&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=City+of+Belgrade+%E2%80%93+Church+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beograd.rs%2Fcms%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D201396" style="display:none">  (<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>).</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <cite class="citation book nourl">Валентин ЛаврентьевичВ.Л. Янин Валентин ЛаврентьевичВ.Л. (red.), Российская музейная энциклопедия, Москва: Прогресс РИПОЛ классик, 2005<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81+%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2005" style="display:none"> .</cite> Brak numerów stron w książce </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=58" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=58" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">S.W. Bezsonow (red.): Istorija russkoj architektury. Wyd. 2. Moskwa: Gosudarstwiennoje izdatielstwo literatury po stroitielstwu i architiekturie, 1956.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+russkoj+architektury&rft.aulast=Bezsonow+%28red.%29&rft.aufirst=S.W.&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Gosudarstwiennoje+izdatielstwo+literatury+po+stroitielstwu+i+architiekturie&rft.place=Moskwa"></cite> Brak numerów stron w książce</li> <li><cite class="citation book">N.N. Dnieprow (red.): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/istoriiarusskoar0000unse">Istorija russkoj architektury</a>. Wyd. 2. Sankt Pietierburg: Strojizdat, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/5274007287" title="Specjalna:Książki/5274007287">ISBN 5-274-00728-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+russkoj+architektury&rft.aulast=Dnieprow+%28red.%29&rft.aufirst=N.N.&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Strojizdat&rft.place=Sankt+Pietierburg&rft.isbn=5-274-00728-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fistoriiarusskoar0000unse"></cite> Brak numerów stron w książce</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Władimir G. Lisowski: Architektura Rossii XVIII – naczala XX wieka. Poiski nacionalnogo stilja. Moskwa: Biełyj Gorod, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9785779316293" title="Specjalna:Książki/9785779316293">ISBN 978-5-7793-1629-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architektura+Rossii+XVIII+%E2%80%93+naczala+XX+wieka.+Poiski+nacionalnogo+stilja&rft.aulast=Lisowski&rft.aufirst=W%C5%82adimir+G.&rft.pub=Bie%C5%82yj+Gorod&rft.place=Moskwa&rft.isbn=978-5-7793-1629-3"></cite> Brak numerów stron w książce</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vojeslav_Mol%C3%A8" title="Vojeslav Molè">Wojsław Mole</a>: Sztuka rosyjska do roku 1914. Wyd. 1. Wrocław-Kraków: Zakł. Nar. im. Ossolińskich, 1955.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sztuka+rosyjska+do+roku+1914&rft.aulast=Mole&rft.aufirst=Wojs%C5%82aw&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82.+Nar.+im.+Ossoli%C5%84skich&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw-Krak%C3%B3w"></cite> Brak numerów stron w książce</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne">Linki zewnętrzne</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&veaction=edit&section=59" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">edytuj</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&action=edit&section=59" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne">edytuj kod</a>]</div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_of_Russia?uselang=pl">Zobacz multimedia związane z tematem: Architektura Rosji</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mincult.ru/default.asp">Portal „Kultura Rosji” Ministerstwa Kultury Federacji Rosyjskiej</a> (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070521024612/http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/">Rejestr Obiektów Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Federacji Rosyjskiej</a> (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archi.ru/">Rosyjski Portal Architektoniczny</a> (<abbr title="Treść w języku rosyjskim (русский)">ros.</abbr>)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&oldid=74834507">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&oldid=74834507</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Architektura_Rosji" title="Kategoria:Architektura Rosji">Architektura Rosji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kultura_w_Rosji" title="Kategoria:Kultura w Rosji">Kultura w Rosji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Sztuka_rosyjska" title="Kategoria:Sztuka rosyjska">Sztuka rosyjska</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Uniwersalny_szablon_cytowania_%E2%80%93_brak_strony" title="Kategoria:Uniwersalny szablon cytowania – brak strony">Uniwersalny szablon cytowania – brak strony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_bez_okre%C5%9Blonego_trybu" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania bez określonego trybu">Szablon cytowania bez określonego trybu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_nieprawid%C5%82owymi_numerami_ISBN" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN">Artykuły z nieprawidłowymi numerami ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_u%C5%BCywa_p%C3%B3l_opisowych" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania używa pól opisowych">Szablon cytowania używa pól opisowych</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_b%C5%82%C4%99dnymi_numerami_ISBN" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z błędnymi numerami ISBN">Artykuły z błędnymi numerami ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablony_cytowania_%E2%80%93_problemy_%E2%80%93_cytuj_%E2%80%93_strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Kategoria:Szablony cytowania – problemy – cytuj – strona główna">Szablony cytowania – problemy – cytuj – strona główna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_propozycjami_t%C5%82umacze%C5%84" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z propozycjami tłumaczeń">Artykuły z propozycjami tłumaczeń</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_%E2%80%93_brak_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony">Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 26 wrz 2024, 07:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architektura_Rosji&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gxqwf","wgBackendResponseTime":298,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.416","walltime":"3.376","ppvisitednodes":{"value":55561,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":887427,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":181034,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":76,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":348907,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1621.141 1 -total"," 73.77% 1195.961 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 61.73% 1000.728 169 Szablon:Cytuj"," 9.39% 152.268 41 Szablon:Galeria"," 3.89% 63.076 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 3.28% 53.151 9 Szablon:Osobny_artykuł"," 3.06% 49.627 9 Szablon:Dmbox"," 2.86% 46.360 5 Szablon:Cytuj_książkę"," 1.95% 31.673 1 Szablon:Link-interwiki"," 1.60% 25.981 10 Szablon:Ikona"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.732","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5441862,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"required = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Христианская демократия\"\next = nil\next = nil\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Дагестанская Правда\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Наше Наследие\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Казань\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Татарстан\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Rocznik Tatarów Polskich\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Золотое руно\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Архитектурное наследство\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Строительство и архитектура\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Эксперт Урал\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Журнал Недвижимость\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Урал\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\njournalAbbr = \"Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians\"\next = nil\next = false\next = false\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = false\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\next = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-745f94f9f8-4thw2","timestamp":"20241120072207","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Architektura Rosji","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Architektura_Rosji","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65197983","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65197983","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-05-08T11:51:59Z"}</script> </body> </html>