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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_body_and_back" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_body_and_back"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Upper body and back</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_body_and_back-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heart_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heart_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Heart disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heart_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overproductive_pancreas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overproductive_pancreas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Overproductive pancreas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overproductive_pancreas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leg_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leg_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Leg problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leg_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mitigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mitigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mitigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mitigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_urban_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_urban_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In urban spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_urban_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_a_work_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_a_work_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In a work environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_a_work_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sedentary lifestyle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="نمط الحياة الخامل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نمط الحياة الخامل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipodinamiya" title="Hipodinamiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hipodinamiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="উপবিষ্ট জীবনচর্যা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপবিষ্ট জীবনচর্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estil_de_vida_sedentari" title="Estil de vida sedentari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estil de vida sedentari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewegungsmangel" title="Bewegungsmangel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bewegungsmangel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentarismo_(estilo_de_vida)" title="Sedentarismo (estilo de vida) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sedentarismo (estilo de vida)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egoneko_bizimodu" title="Egoneko bizimodu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egoneko bizimodu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9dentarit%C3%A9_(sant%C3%A9)" title="Sédentarité (santé) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sédentarité (santé)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%AD_mhaireacht%C3%A1la_neamhghn%C3%ADomhach" title="Slí mhaireachtála neamhghníomhach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Slí mhaireachtála neamhghníomhach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_hidup_kurang_bergerak" title="Gaya hidup kurang bergerak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaya hidup kurang bergerak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stile_di_vita_sedentario" title="Stile di vita sedentario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stile di vita sedentario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אורח חיים בלתי פעיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורח חיים בלתי פעיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гиподинамия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гиподинамия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гиподинамия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гиподинамия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A7%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="座りがちなライフスタイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="座りがちなライフスタイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillesittende_livsstil" title="Stillesittende livsstil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stillesittende livsstil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipodinamiya" title="Gipodinamiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gipodinamiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siedz%C4%85cy_tryb_%C5%BCycia" title="Siedzący tryb życia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siedzący tryb życia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentarismo" title="Sedentarismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sedentarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentarism" title="Sedentarism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sedentarism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гиподинамия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиподинамия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillasittande_livsstil" title="Stillasittande livsstil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stillasittande livsstil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaupong_pamumuhay" title="Palaupong pamumuhay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palaupong pamumuhay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="அமர்ந்தியங்கும் வாழ்முறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமர்ந்தியங்கும் வாழ்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="วิถีชีวิตแบบนั่งนอนมาก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิถีชีวิตแบบนั่งนอนมาก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedanter_ya%C5%9Fam_tarz%C4%B1" title="Sedanter yaşam tarzı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sedanter yaşam tarzı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гіподинамія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіподинамія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%91i_s%E1%BB%91ng_%C3%ADt_v%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Lối sống ít vận động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lối sống ít vận động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%85%8B" title="坐式生活型態 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坐式生活型態" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of lifestyle involving little or no physical activity</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the medical term. For the anthropologic concept, see <a href="/wiki/Sedentism" title="Sedentism">sedentism</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Couch potato" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Couch_potato_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Couch potato (disambiguation)">Couch potato (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the article and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22">"Sedentary lifestyle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sedentary+lifestyle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_watching_television_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Family_watching_television_1958.jpg/220px-Family_watching_television_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Family_watching_television_1958.jpg/330px-Family_watching_television_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Family_watching_television_1958.jpg/440px-Family_watching_television_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exercise_trends" title="Exercise trends">Exercise trends</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cinephilia#Telephilia" title="Cinephilia">watching television</a> are a common characteristic of a sedentary lifestyle.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sedentary lifestyle</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(social_sciences)" title="Lifestyle (social sciences)">lifestyle</a> type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an activity like <a href="/wiki/Socializing" class="mw-redirect" title="Socializing">socializing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">watching TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gameplay" title="Gameplay">playing video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Problematic_smartphone_use" title="Problematic smartphone use">reading or using a mobile phone or computer for much of the day</a>. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to poor health quality, diseases as well as many <a href="/wiki/Preventable_causes_of_death" title="Preventable causes of death">preventable causes of death</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Owen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sitting time is a common measure of a sedentary lifestyle. A global review representing 47% of the global adult population found that the average person sits down for 4.7 to 6.5 hours a day with the average going up every year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="The text summarizes a single review but cites multiple sources of different studies (February 2024)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> found that 25.3% of all American adults are physically inactive.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Screen_time" title="Screen time">Screen time</a> is a term for the amount of time a person spends looking at a screen such as a television, computer monitor, or mobile device. Excessive screen time is linked to negative health consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (July 2022)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Intensity of activity on a continuum from sedentary behavior through to vigorous activity intensity." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png/241px-Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png" decoding="async" width="241" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png/362px-Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png/482px-Intensity_and_Energy_Expenditure.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Sedentary behavior enables less energy expenditure than active behavior.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sedentary behavior is not the same as <a href="/wiki/Physical_inactivity" title="Physical inactivity">physical inactivity</a>: sedentary behavior is defined as "any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure less than or equal to 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_equivalent_of_task" title="Metabolic equivalent of task">metabolic equivalents</a> (METs), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spending most waking hours sitting does not necessarily mean that an individual is sedentary,<sup id="cite_ref-Owen_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though sitting and lying down most frequently are sedentary behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Esmonde-White" title="Miranda Esmonde-White">Esmonde-White</a> defines a <b>sedentary lifestyle</b> as a lifestyle that involves "longer than six hours a day" of sedentary behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Health effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Effects of a sedentary work life or lifestyle can be either direct or indirect. One of the most prominent direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle is an increased <a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">BMI</a> leading to obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lack of physical activity is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least 300,000 premature deaths, and $90 billion in direct healthcare costs are caused by obesity and sedentary lifestyle per year in the US alone.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The risk is higher among those that sit still more than <span class="nowrap">five hours</span> per day. It is shown to be a risk factor on its own independent of hard exercise and <a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">BMI</a>. People that sit still more than <span class="nowrap">four hours</span> per day have a <span class="nowrap">40 percent</span> higher risk than those that sit fewer than <span class="nowrap">four hours</span> per day. However, those that exercise at least <span class="nowrap">four hours</span> per week are as healthy as those that sit fewer than <span class="nowrap">four hours</span> per day.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indirectly, an increased BMI due to a sedentary lifestyle can lead to decreased productivity and increased <a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">absenteeism</a> from necessary activities like work.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A sedentary lifestyle contributes to or can be a risk factor for:<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></p><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sedentary_behavior_anxiety_SystRev_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedentary_behavior_anxiety_SystRev-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29589226_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29589226-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migraines" class="mw-redirect" title="Migraines">Migraines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">Breast cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon cancer">Colon cancer</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_vision_syndrome" title="Computer vision syndrome">Computer vision syndrome</a> (only from excessive electronic use)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Exercise_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exercise-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">High blood pressure</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipid</a> disorders<sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Skin problems such as <a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">hair loss</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Mortality</a> in adults<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26204494_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26204494-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Exercise_and_Bone_Health_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exercise_and_Bone_Health-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womenshealth.gov-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoliosis" title="Scoliosis">Scoliosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Exercise_and_Bone_Health_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exercise_and_Bone_Health-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womenshealth.gov-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_disc_herniation" title="Spinal disc herniation">Spinal disc herniation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">low back pain</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">Type 2 diabetes</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHOPA_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOPA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29589226_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29589226-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overweight" title="Overweight">Weight gain</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain_function">Brain function</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brain function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extended periods of sitting reduce overall blood circulation. This diminished blood flow leads to reduced oxygen delivery to the brain (<a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hypoxia" title="Cerebral hypoxia">cerebral hypoxia</a>), impairing cognitive functions such as concentration and alertness. The brain relies heavily on a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose for optimal performance; decreased circulation hampers this supply, resulting in cognitive sluggishness and decreased mental sharpness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neck_and_shoulders">Neck and shoulders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neck and shoulders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sitting, particularly with poor posture, often involves craning the neck forward to look at screens or documents. Such <a href="/wiki/Forward_head_posture" title="Forward head posture">forward head posture</a> puts excessive strain on the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a>, leading to muscle tension and pain in the neck and shoulders. Over time, this can cause the cervical vertebrae to become misaligned permanently, leading to chronic neck pain and potential nerve impingement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_body_and_back">Upper body and back</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Upper body and back"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Intervertebral_disc" title="Intervertebral disc">intervertebral discs</a>, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, are subjected to constant pressure when sitting for prolonged periods. This compression can lead to disc degeneration and herniation. Additionally, collagen, a primary structural protein in tendons and ligaments, tends to harden when not regularly stretched and mobilized, which leads to decreased flexibility and increased risk of injury in the back. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heart_disease">Heart disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Heart disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Physical inactivity reduces the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. Sluggish blood flow allows for the accumulation of fatty acids and lipids in the blood vessels. These deposits can adhere to the vessel walls, forming plaques (<a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>), which eventually narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. This condition increases the risk of <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a> and heart attacks as the heart struggles to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. </p><p>One study found that interrupting sitting with 20 minutes of light-intensity walking each hour significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in healthy participants or 3 minutes of light intensity walking every 30 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overproductive_pancreas">Overproductive pancreas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overproductive pancreas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sedentary lifestyle contributes to decreased muscle activity, which affects <a href="/wiki/Glucose_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucose metabolism">glucose metabolism</a>. Reduced muscle activity leads to lower <a href="/wiki/Insulin_sensitivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulin sensitivity">insulin sensitivity</a>, prompting the pancreas to produce more insulin to maintain normal <a href="/wiki/Blood_glucose" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood glucose">blood glucose</a> levels (<a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronic overproduction of insulin can exhaust the pancreas and contribute to insulin resistance, a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leg_problems">Leg problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leg problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prolonged sitting impedes venous return from the legs to the heart, leading to venous stasis (slow blood flow in the veins). This can cause fluid to pool in the lower extremities, resulting in swelling (edema) and varicose veins. Also, sluggish blood flow increases the risk of clot formation, potentially leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, which can travel to the lungs and cause a life-threatening <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitigation">Mitigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mitigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_(17392864802).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg/220px-Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg/330px-Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg/440px-Gastineau_Elementary_Bike_to_School_Day_%2817392864802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>Gastineau Elementary <a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike to School Day</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Adults and children spend long amounts of time sitting in a workplace or at a school, which is why interventions have been focused in these two areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a> campaigns might also be able to reduce the amount of time spent sitting or lying down and positively affect the intention to be active physically.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent innovations in AI technology have led to the development of exercise prescription systems designed to reduce sedentary behavior. These systems deliver personalized exercise plans by analyzing individual health metrics, potentially decreasing the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and its associated health risks.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_urban_spaces">In urban spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In urban spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some evidence has been found of a negative association between exposure to an existing urban motorway and moderate to vigorous physical activity.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proportion of physically active individuals was higher in high- versus low-<a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">walkability</a> neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising rates of being overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in China's rapidly growing cities and urban populations have been due to urban development practices and policies.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_a_work_environment">In a work environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In a work environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational sedentary behaviour accounts for a significant proportion of sitting time for many adults.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some workplaces have implemented exercise classes at lunch, walking challenges among coworkers, or allowing employees to stand rather than sit at their desks during work. Workplace interventions such as alternative activity workstations,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit-stand desks, and promotion of stair use are among measures implemented to counter the harms of a sedentary workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Research">Research</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2018 Cochrane review concluded that "At present there is low‐quality evidence that sit‐stand desks may reduce sitting at work in the first year of their use. However, the effects are likely to reduce with time. There is generally insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about such effects for other types of interventions and for the effectiveness of reducing workplace sitting over periods longer than one year."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An intervention to encourage office workers to stand and move reduced their sitting time by 22 minutes after 1 year; the effect was 3-times greater when the intervention included a sit-to-stand desk. The intervention also led to small improvements in stress, wellbeing and vigor.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_education">In education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of time children are in a classroom, they are seated (60% of the time).<sup id="cite_ref-Owen_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children who regularly engage in <a href="/wiki/Physical_activity" title="Physical activity">physical activity</a> are more likely to become healthy adults; children benefit both physically and mentally when they replace sedentary behavior with active behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this knowledge and due in part to an increase in sedentary behaviors, children have 8 fewer hours of free play each week than they did 20 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several studies have examined the effects of adding height-adjustable standing desks to classrooms, which have reduced the time spent sitting. However, associating the reduction in sitting with health effects is challenging. In one study conducted on Australian school children, known as the Transform-Us! study, interventions reduced the amount of time children spent sitting in the classroom, which was associated with lower <a href="/wiki/Body_mass_index" title="Body mass index">body mass index</a> and waist circumference. The interventions used in the study included stand-up desks and easels, the use of timers, and sport and circus equipment in the classroom. Teachers also made lessons more active, and added breaks to lessons to promote active time.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, another intervention for children is promoting the use of <a href="/wiki/Active_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Active transportation">active transportation</a> to and from school, such as through the Safe Routes to School program.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sedentary_lifestyle" title="Talk:Sedentary lifestyle">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Over the last hundred years, there has been a large shift from manual labor jobs (e.g. farming, manufacturing, building) to office jobs which is due to many contributing factors including globalization, outsourcing of jobs and technological advances (specifically internet and computers). In 1960, there was a decline of jobs requiring moderate physical activity from 50% to 20%, and one in two Americans had a physically demanding job, while in 2011 this ratio was one in five.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1990 to 2016, there was a decrease of about one third in manual labor jobs/employment.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the United States American National Health Interview Survey found that 36% of adults were inactive, and 59% of adult respondents never participated in vigorous physical activity lasting more than 10 minutes per week.<sup id="cite_ref-NHIS_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHIS-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2018 study, office based workers typically spend 70-85% sitting.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US population, prevalence of sitting watching television or videos at least 2 h/d was high in 2015-2016 (ranging from 59% to 65%); the estimated prevalence of computer use outside school or work for at least 1 h/d increased from 2001 to 2016 (from 43% to 56% for children, from 53% to 57% among adolescents, and from 29% to 50% for adults); and estimated total sitting time increased from 2007 to 2016 (from 7.0 to 8.2 h/d among adolescents and from 5.5 to 6.4 h/d among adults).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_to_5" class="mw-redirect" title="9 to 5">9 to 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventable_causes_of_death" title="Preventable causes of death">Preventable causes of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_dependency" title="Car dependency">Car dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_obesity" title="Childhood obesity">Childhood obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_car_on_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the car on societies">Effects of the car on societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_trends" title="Exercise trends">Exercise trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laziness" title="Laziness">Laziness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise" title="Neurobiological effects of physical exercise">Neurobiological effects of physical exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_walking" title="Obesity and walking">Obesity and walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_activity" title="Physical activity">Physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_(deadly_sin)" title="Sloth (deadly sin)">Sloth (deadly sin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">Workaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lack_of_physical_education" title="Lack of physical education">Lack of physical education</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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(April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487546">"Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001-2016"</a>. <i>JAMA</i>. <b>321</b> (16): 1587–1597. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2019.3636">10.1001/jama.2019.3636</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487546">6487546</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31012934">31012934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Sedentary+Behavior+Among+the+US+Population%2C+2001-2016&rft.volume=321&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=1587-1597&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6487546%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31012934&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2019.3636&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Cao%2C+C&rft.au=Kantor%2C+ED&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+LH&rft.au=Zheng%2C+X&rft.au=Park%2C+Y&rft.au=Giovannucci%2C+EL&rft.au=Matthews%2C+CE&rft.au=Colditz%2C+GA&rft.au=Cao%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6487546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASedentary+lifestyle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudson2010" class="citation web cs1">Judson O (23 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/23/stand-up-while-you-read-this/">"Stand Up While You Read This"</a>. <i>Opinionator</i>. New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinionator&rft.atitle=Stand+Up+While+You+Read+This&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft.aulast=Judson&rft.aufirst=O&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F23%2Fstand-up-while-you-read-this%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASedentary+lifestyle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2010" class="citation web cs1">Gardner A (27 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2010-07-27-sitting-death_N.htm">"Study: The longer you sit, the shorter your life"</a>. <i>Health Interactives</i>. USA Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Health+Interactives&rft.atitle=Study%3A+The+longer+you+sit%2C+the+shorter+your+life&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2F2010-07-27-sitting-death_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASedentary+lifestyle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlahos2011" class="citation news cs1">Vlahos J (14 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag-17sitting-t.html">"Is Sitting a Lethal Activity?"</a>. <i>Magazine</i>. New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magazine&rft.atitle=Is+Sitting+a+Lethal+Activity%3F&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.aulast=Vlahos&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F17%2Fmagazine%2Fmag-17sitting-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASedentary+lifestyle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedentary_lifestyle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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