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Science and Letters</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="الأكاديمية النرويجية للعلوم والآداب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأكاديمية النرويجية للعلوم والآداب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Нарвежская акадэмія навук – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нарвежская акадэмія навук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Noruega_de_Ci%C3%A8ncies_i_Lletres" title="Acadèmia Noruega de Ciències i Lletres – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Noruega de Ciències i Lletres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd_a_literatury" title="Norská akademie věd a literatury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Norská akademie věd a literatury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi" title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Norwegische Akademie der Wissenschaften – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norwegische Akademie der Wissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Νορβηγική Ακαδημία των Επιστημών και των Γραμμάτων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νορβηγική Ακαδημία των Επιστημών και των Γραμμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Noruega_de_Ciencias_y_Letras" title="Academia Noruega de Ciencias y Letras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Noruega de Ciencias y Letras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98" title="فرهنگستان علوم نروژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگستان علوم نروژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_norv%C3%A9gienne_des_sciences_et_des_lettres" title="Académie norvégienne des sciences et des lettres – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie norvégienne des sciences et des lettres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նորվեգիայի գիտությունների ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորվեգիայի գիտությունների ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norska_v%C3%ADsindaakadem%C3%ADan" title="Norska vísindaakademían – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norska vísindaakademían" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="الاكاديميه النرويجيه للعلوم و الاداب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاكاديميه النرويجيه للعلوم و الاداب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi" title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi" title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Norueguesa_de_Literatura_e_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Academia Norueguesa de Literatura e Ciências – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia Norueguesa de Literatura e Ciências" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Норвежская академия наук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норвежская академия наук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norjan_tiedeakatemia" title="Norjan tiedeakatemia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norjan tiedeakatemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi" title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C3%A7_Bilim_ve_Edebiyat_Akademisi" title="Norveç Bilim ve Edebiyat Akademisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Norveç Bilim ve Edebiyat Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Норвезька академія наук – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норвезька академія наук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_H%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Na_Uy" title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Na Uy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Na Uy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="挪威科学与文学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="挪威科学与文学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg/220px-Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg/330px-Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg/440px-Vitenskapsakademiet-20080630-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters building in Drammensveien</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters</b> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi</i>, <b>DNVA</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned society</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Frederick_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Frederick University">Royal Frederick University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Christiania</a> was established in 1811. The idea of a learned society in Christiania surfaced for the first time in 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-p58_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p58-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondhjem</a> had no university, but had a learned society, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Society_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters">Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters</a>, established in 1760.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of a learned society in Christiania was to support scientific studies and aid publication of academic papers. The idea of the <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a>-inspired university, where independent research stood strong, had taken over for the instrumental view of a university as a means to produce civil servants. The city already had societies for specific professions, for instance the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Medical_Society" title="Norwegian Medical Society">Norwegian Medical Society</a> which was founded in 1833. However, these societies were open for both academics within medicine as well as physicians outside of academia. The learned society would be open to employed academics only, but from all academic branches.<sup id="cite_ref-p58_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p58-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea did not come to stay in 1841. Money was a problem; also there were "doubts with regards to the adequacy of the scientific powers".<sup id="cite_ref-p58_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p58-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, cross-disciplinary cooperation was flourishing. The first scientific congress in Norway was held in 1844. Two hundred people within the <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a> and medicine convened for the fourth Scandinavian meeting of natural researchers. Finally, in 1857 a source of finances were found: professor of medicine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frants_C._Faye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frants C. Faye (page does not exist)">Frants C. Faye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The academy was founded, and inaugurated on 3 May 1857 under the name <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Videnskabsselskabet i Christiania</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-snl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Christiania" was later changed to "Kristiania". The name <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Kristiania</i></span> was taken in the early twentieth century,<sup id="cite_ref-p108_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p108-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from 1924 "i Kristiania" was dropped, when Oslo voted to return the name to its original Norwegian name.<sup id="cite_ref-snl_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic support from the state was minimal during its first fifty years. As such the academy led a humble existence. In the early twentieth century, <a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Christofer_Br%C3%B8gger_(geologist)" title="Waldemar Christofer Brøgger (geologist)">Waldemar Christofer Brøgger</a> (later the university's first <a href="/wiki/List_of_rectors_for_the_University_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rectors for the University of Oslo">rector</a>) suggested a plan to strengthen the academy. He established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nansen_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nansen Foundation (page does not exist)">Nansen Foundation</a>, specifically tied to the academy to strengthen its economy. Brøgger's goal was to employ own researchers to secure independence from the university, however this never happened.<sup id="cite_ref-p108_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p108-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of the academy remained to advance science and scholarship in general through meetings, seminars and support of research and publications.<sup id="cite_ref-snl_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the Nansen Foundation and other economic sources were important. They helped in the establishment of other bodies, such as the early <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Comparative_Research_in_Human_Culture" title="Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture">Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundations lost some of their importance after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. However, an entirely new source of funding was found, as <a href="/wiki/Otto_Lous_Mohr" title="Otto Lous Mohr">Otto Lous Mohr</a> suggested to use surplus from a state-owned, national lottery.<sup id="cite_ref-p187_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p187-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Tipping" title="Norsk Tipping">Norsk Tipping</a> was laid down in 1946, and took place in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters wished to administer this income through a council of its own, but the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Norway">Government of Norway</a> refused and created the research council <a href="/wiki/NAVF" class="mw-redirect" title="NAVF">NAVF</a> (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Norges allmennvitenskapelige forskningsråd</i></span>, the Norwegian Council of General Research). The academy could merely suggest representatives for this council. Ever since then, the state-driven research councils have been more important than the academy, economically.<sup id="cite_ref-p187_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p187-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NAVF and other bodies were merged in 1993 to become the <a href="/wiki/Research_Council_of_Norway" title="Research Council of Norway">Research Council of Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Board of Directors of the Academy is elected annually. The President of the Academy for 2022 is microbiologist Lise Øvreås.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The General Meeting is the supreme body of the Academy. The board of the Academy consists of its President, Secretary General and Vice-President together with the chairman, vice-chairman and secretary of the two divisions, Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Humanities and Social Sciences. </p><p>President of the Academy is professor of law, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Petter_Graver" title="Hans Petter Graver">Hans Petter Graver</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">UiO</a>). Vice presidents are; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunn_Elisabeth_Birkelund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund (page does not exist)">Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Elverh%C3%B8i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Elverhøi (page does not exist)">Anders Elverhøi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">King Harald V of Norway</a> is honorary president.<sup id="cite_ref-about_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Academy aims to fulfill its mission by initiating and supporting research, organizing meetings and international conferences, publishing scientific writings and appointing representatives to national and international bodies. Each year, the Academy organizes at least 12 open meetings with topics covering a wide range of academic disciplines. </p><p>As of 1 April 2021, the Academy had 946 members, of which 535 were Norwegian and 411 foreign.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members are divided into the mathematics and science class, and the humanities and social sciences class.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prizes_and_other_activities">Prizes and other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prizes and other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The academy is responsible for awarding the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoscience">nanoscience</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snl_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also represents Norway in the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Science" title="International Council for Science">International Council for Science</a> (ICSU), the <a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">Union Académique Internationale</a> (UAI), the <a href="/wiki/European_Science_Foundation" title="European Science Foundation">European Science Foundation</a> (ESF) and the <a href="/wiki/All_European_Academies" title="All European Academies">All European Academies</a> (ALLEA).<sup id="cite_ref-about_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The academy is also part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Science_Academies_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Science Academies Advisory Council (page does not exist)">European Science Academies Advisory Council</a> (EASAC) and one representative from the academy is stationed at the headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. Its aim is to promote science based governing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The academy has approximately 900 members, both foreign and Norwegian. Prize winners are also added to the member lists upon being awarded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters_(current)" title="List of members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (current)">List of members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-p58-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p58_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p58_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p58_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCollett1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collett, John Peter (1999). <i>Historien om Universitetet i Oslo</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-00-12937-3" title="Special:BookSources/82-00-12937-3"><bdi>82-00-12937-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historien+om+Universitetet+i+Oslo&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=82-00-12937-3&rft.aulast=Collett&rft.aufirst=John+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenriksen,_Petter2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Det_Kongelige_Norske_Videnskabers_Selskab">"Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Det+Kongelige+Norske+Videnskabers+Selskab&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FDet_Kongelige_Norske_Videnskabers_Selskab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collett, 1999: p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snl-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snl_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snl_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snl_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snl_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenriksen,_Petter2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Det_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi">"Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Det+Norske+Videnskaps-Akademi&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FDet_Norske_Videnskaps-Akademi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p108-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p108_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p108_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collett, 1999: p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collett, 1999: p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p187-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p187_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p187_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collett, 1999: p. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenriksen,_Petter2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Norsk_Tipping_AS">"Norsk Tipping AS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norsk+Tipping+AS&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FNorsk_Tipping_AS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenriksen,_Petter2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/forskningsr%C3%A5d">"forskningsråd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=forskningsr%C3%A5d&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2Fforskningsr%25C3%25A5d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnva.no/om-akademiet/styret-og-ledelsen">"Styret og ledelsen"</a>. <i>Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Det+Norske+Videnskaps-Akademi&rft.atitle=Styret+og+ledelsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnva.no%2Fom-akademiet%2Fstyret-og-ledelsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnva.no/norwegian-academy-science-and-letters">"About the academy"</a>. Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+academy&rft.pub=Norwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnva.no%2Fnorwegian-academy-science-and-letters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnva.no/medlemmer/1267">"Medlemmer"</a>. <i>Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Det+Norske+Videnskaps-Akademi&rft.atitle=Medlemmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnva.no%2Fmedlemmer%2F1267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnva.no/medlemmer/53">"Utenlandske medlemmer"</a>. <i>Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Det+Norske+Videnskaps-Akademi&rft.atitle=Utenlandske+medlemmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnva.no%2Fmedlemmer%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnva.no/medlemmer/1267">"Medlemmer"</a>. <i>Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Det+Norske+Videnskaps-Akademi&rft.atitle=Medlemmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnva.no%2Fmedlemmer%2F1267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.dnva.no">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Science_Council" title="Template talk:International Science Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council (ISC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania" title="Academy of Sciences of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_of_Science_and_Development_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation of Science and Development (Angola) (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Belarus" title="National Academy of Sciences of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academies_for_Science_and_the_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_de_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Infrastructure_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Infrastructure Science and Technology (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Nacional_de_Pos-Graduacao_e_Pesquisa_em_Ciencias_Sociais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Ciencias Sociais (page does not exist)">ANPOCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_et_Technologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cameroon Academy of Sciences">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council">SSHRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Chilena_de_Ciencias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Chilena de Ciencias (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Science_and_Technology" title="China Association for Science and Technology">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">CASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Colombiana_de_Ciencias_Exactas,_Fisicas_y_Naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Costa_Rica)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences,_des_arts,_des_cultures_d%27Afrique_et_des_diasporas_africaines" title="Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cuban Academy of Sciences">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Scientific_Research_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Eswatini)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Eswatini) (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Science_and_Technology_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Finnish_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Finnish Academies (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Georgian National Academy of Sciences">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Foundation" title="German Research Foundation">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_Ciencias_M%C3%A9dicas_Fisicas_y_Naturales_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Social_Science_Research" title="Indian Council of Social Science Research">ICSSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Council (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Japan" title="Science Council of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scientific_Society" title="Royal Scientific Society">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kenya National Academy of Sciences">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Social_Science_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Social Science Research Council (page does not exist)">KSSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Korean Academy of Science and Technology">KAST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_National_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao National Science Council (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Latvian Academy of Sciences">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Scientific Research (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Science and Technology (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lithuanian Academy of Sciences">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_National_Research_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg National Research Fund (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Enseignement_Sup%C3%A9rieur_et_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia" title="Academy of Sciences Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius_Academy_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius Academy of Science (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mexican Academy of Sciences">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consejo_Mexicano_de_Ciencias_Sociales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (page does not exist)">COMECSO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Scientifique_de_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Scientifique de Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mongolian Academy of Sciences">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan II Academy for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Association_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Association of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_on_Research,_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nepal Academy of Science and Technology">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Academy_of_Science" title="Nigerian Academy of Science">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">UB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Panama" title="University of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Philippines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Philippines) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Social_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Social Science Council (page does not exist)">PSSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lisbon Academy of Sciences">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Rwanda)" title="College of Science and Technology (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal Academy of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_National_Parks_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles National Parks Authority (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Singapore National Academy of Science">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Slovak Academy of Sciences">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Sciences_Research_Council_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (page does not exist)">HSRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Research_(Sudan)" title="National Centre for Research (Sudan)">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Sudanese National Academy of Sciences">SNAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Academy_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Tajik Academy of Sciences">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancellerie_des_Universit%C3%A9s_du_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancellerie des Universités du Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Turkish Academy of Sciences">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_Academy_Society_of_Turkey" title="The Science Academy Society of Turkey">Science Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey" title="Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey">TÜBİTAK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uganda_National_Council_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Consejo_Nacional_de_Innovacion_Ciencia_y_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Consejo Nacional de Innovacion Ciencia y Tecnologia (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistan_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondo_Nacional_de_Ciencia,_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_e_Innovaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Union_of_Science_and_Technology_Associations" title="Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zambia Academy of Sciences">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">RCZ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Council_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Council for the Social Sciences (page does not exist)">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Asian_Social_Science_Research_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (page does not exist)">AASSREC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">CASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Latinoamericano_de_Ciencias_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales">CLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">CODESRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences">FLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">UAI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Social_Science_Research_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (page does not exist)">OSSREA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">USP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions and<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Social_Studies_of_Science" title="Society for Social Studies of Science">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Legal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Legal Science (page does not exist)">IALS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Arctic_Social_Sciences_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Arctic Social Sciences Association (page does not exist)">IASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Association" title="International Economic Association">IEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Societies_for_Microscopy" title="International Federation of Societies for Microscopy">IFSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Geographical_Union" title="International Geographical Union">IGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">IMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Quaternary_Research" title="International Union for Quaternary Research">INQUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Research_Association" title="International Peace Research Association">IPRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Political_Science_Association" title="International Political Science Association">IPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sociological_Association" title="International Sociological Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Ecological_Economics" title="International Society for Ecological Economics">ISEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Photogrammetry_and_Remote_Sensing" title="International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing">ISPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">IUBMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences" title="International Union of Biological Sciences">IUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Crystallography" title="International Union of Crystallography">IUCr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUFoST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geodesy_and_Geophysics" title="International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics">IUGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">IUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="International Union of History and Philosophy of Science">IUHPST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Immunological_Societies" title="International Union of Immunological Societies">IUIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Materials Research Society (page does not exist)">IUMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">IUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences" title="International Union of Nutritional Sciences">IUNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Pure_and_Applied_Biophysics" title="International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics">IUPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">IUPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Physical_and_Engineering_Sciences_in_Medicine" title="International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine">IUPESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology">IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Physiological_Sciences" title="International Union of Physiological Sciences">IUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Psychological_Science" title="International Union of Psychological Science">IUPsyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Soil_Sciences" title="International Union of Soil Sciences">IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Population" title="International Union for the Scientific Study of Population">IUSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">IUTAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Toxicology (page does not exist)">IUTOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science">URSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">WAPOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Anthropological_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Anthropological Union (page does not exist)">WAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">AAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Academies_and_Societies_of_Sciences_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (page does not exist)">AASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Academy of Social Sciences">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Science-Technology_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Science-Technology Centers">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Association_of_Development_and_Training_Institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Association of Development and Training Institutes (page does not exist)">EADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">ECPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_des_G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tres" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale des Géomètres">FIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Academy" title="Global Young Academy">GYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology" title="International Association of Applied Psychology">IAAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Hydro-Environment_Engineering_and_Research" title="International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research">IAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Arctic_Science_Committee" title="International Arctic Science Committee">IASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Acoustics" title="International Commission for Acoustics">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">ICIAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (page does not exist)">ICLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Optics" title="International Commission for Optics">ICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="International Council for Scientific and Technical Information">ICSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Data_Organizations_for_Social_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Data Organizations for Social Science (page does not exist)">IFDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Foundation for Science">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Applied_Systems_Analysis" title="International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis">IIASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Association" title="International Studies Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Digital_Earth" title="International Society for Digital Earth">ISDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Vacuum_Science,_Technique_and_Applications" title="International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications">IUVSTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Water_Association" title="International Water Association">IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Science_Association" title="Pacific Science Association">PSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">TNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">TWAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">UIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423356#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423356#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423356#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109462680">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156528734">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134404861">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/36490-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79023305">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85153861">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866675x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866675x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35390603">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35773931">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Norske videnskaps-akademi i Oslo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711299&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Norske 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000149892&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000149891&P_CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812404335905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/5862">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/46802">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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