CINXE.COM
Topics Covered in “IJERT” – IJERT
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="loading-site no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.ijert.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <title>Topics Covered in “IJERT” – IJERT</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Meta Tag Manager --> <meta name="publicationmedia-verification" content="9cb143d7-c001-43e9-a1ec-6e311e5b4f40" /> <!-- / Meta Tag Manager --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><link rel='prefetch' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/js/flatsome.js?ver=8e60d746741250b4dd4e' /> <link rel='prefetch' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/js/chunk.slider.js?ver=3.19.4' /> <link rel='prefetch' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/js/chunk.popups.js?ver=3.19.4' /> <link rel='prefetch' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/js/chunk.tooltips.js?ver=3.19.4' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IJERT » Feed" href="https://www.ijert.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IJERT » Comments Feed" href="https://www.ijert.org/comments/feed" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='post-views-counter-frontend-css' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/css/frontend.min.css?ver=1.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flatsome-main-css' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/flatsome.css?ver=3.19.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='flatsome-main-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "fl-icons"; font-display: block; src: url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.eot?v=3.19.4); src: url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.eot#iefix?v=3.19.4) format("embedded-opentype"), url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.woff2?v=3.19.4) format("woff2"), url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.ttf?v=3.19.4) format("truetype"), url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.woff?v=3.19.4) format("woff"), url(https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/css/icons/fl-icons.svg?v=3.19.4#fl-icons) format("svg"); } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flatsome-style-css' href='https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome-child/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="post-views-counter-frontend-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pvcArgsFrontend = {"mode":"js","postID":482,"requestURL":"https:\/\/www.ijert.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"96e36d2117","dataStorage":"cookies","multisite":false,"path":"\/","domain":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1.5.2" id="post-views-counter-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.ijert.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.ijert.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/482" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.ijert.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.ijert.org/?p=482' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.ijert.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijert.org%2Ftopics" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.ijert.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijert.org%2Ftopics&format=xml" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ijert.org/topics" /> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XBE64WKXXF"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-XBE64WKXXF'); </script> <style id="custom-css" type="text/css">:root {--primary-color: #e78c03;--fs-color-primary: #e78c03;--fs-color-secondary: #007784;--fs-color-success: #7a9c59;--fs-color-alert: #b20000;--fs-experimental-link-color: #334862;--fs-experimental-link-color-hover: #111;}.tooltipster-base {--tooltip-color: #fff;--tooltip-bg-color: #000;}.off-canvas-right .mfp-content, .off-canvas-left .mfp-content {--drawer-width: 300px;}.container-width, .full-width .ubermenu-nav, .container, .row{max-width: 1320px}.row.row-collapse{max-width: 1290px}.row.row-small{max-width: 1312.5px}.row.row-large{max-width: 1350px}.header-main{height: 90px}#logo img{max-height: 90px}#logo{width:155px;}.header-bottom{min-height: 40px}.header-top{min-height: 30px}.transparent .header-main{height: 90px}.transparent #logo img{max-height: 90px}.has-transparent + .page-title:first-of-type,.has-transparent + #main > .page-title,.has-transparent + #main > div > .page-title,.has-transparent + #main .page-header-wrapper:first-of-type .page-title{padding-top: 170px;}.header.show-on-scroll,.stuck .header-main{height:90px!important}.stuck #logo img{max-height: 90px!important}.search-form{ width: 80%;}.header-bg-color {background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9)}.header-bottom {background-color: #1E73BE}.stuck .header-main .nav > li > a{line-height: 50px }.header-bottom-nav > li > a{line-height: 40px }@media (max-width: 549px) {.header-main{height: 90px}#logo img{max-height: 90px}}.nav-dropdown-has-arrow.nav-dropdown-has-border li.has-dropdown:before{border-bottom-color: #FFFFFF;}.nav .nav-dropdown{border-color: #FFFFFF }.nav-dropdown{font-size:100%}.nav-dropdown-has-arrow li.has-dropdown:after{border-bottom-color: #FFFFFF;}.nav .nav-dropdown{background-color: #FFFFFF}.header-top{background-color:#F7F7F7!important;}body{color: #000000}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.heading-font{color: #000000;}.header:not(.transparent) .header-bottom-nav.nav > li > a{color: #ffffff;}.absolute-footer, html{background-color: #e5e5e5}.nav-vertical-fly-out > li + li {border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid;}.label-new.menu-item > a:after{content:"New";}.label-hot.menu-item > a:after{content:"Hot";}.label-sale.menu-item > a:after{content:"Sale";}.label-popular.menu-item > a:after{content:"Popular";}</style><style id="kirki-inline-styles"></style></head> <body class="page-template page-template-page-right-sidebar page-template-page-right-sidebar-php page page-id-482 full-width box-shadow lightbox nav-dropdown-has-arrow nav-dropdown-has-shadow nav-dropdown-has-border"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#main">Skip to content</a> <div id="wrapper"> <header id="header" class="header header-full-width has-sticky sticky-jump"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div id="top-bar" class="header-top flex-has-center"> <div class="flex-row container"> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-left"> <ul class="nav nav-left medium-nav-center nav-small nav-divided"> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-center"> <ul class="nav nav-center nav-small nav-divided"> <li class="html custom html_topbar_left"><center><strong class="uppercase" style="color:#333;font-size:20px;">International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)</strong></center></li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-right"> <ul class="nav top-bar-nav nav-right nav-small nav-divided"> <li class="html header-social-icons ml-0"> <div class="social-icons follow-icons" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ijert.journal/" target="_blank" data-label="Facebook" class="icon primary button circle facebook tooltip" title="Follow on Facebook" aria-label="Follow on Facebook" rel="noopener nofollow" ><i class="icon-facebook" ></i></a><a href="mailto:info@ijert.org" data-label="E-mail" target="_blank" class="icon primary button circle email tooltip" title="Send us an email" aria-label="Send us an email" rel="nofollow noopener" ><i class="icon-envelop" ></i></a></div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col show-for-medium flex-grow"> <ul class="nav nav-center nav-small mobile-nav nav-divided"> <li class="html custom html_topbar_left"><center><strong class="uppercase" style="color:#333;font-size:20px;">International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)</strong></center></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="masthead" class="header-main nav-dark"> <div class="header-inner flex-row container logo-left medium-logo-center" role="navigation"> <!-- Logo --> <div id="logo" class="flex-col logo"> <!-- Header logo --> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/" title="IJERT - International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology" rel="home"> <img width="119" height="74" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/journal-of-engineering-research-logo.png" class="header_logo header-logo" alt="IJERT"/><img width="119" height="74" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/journal-of-engineering-research-logo.png" class="header-logo-dark" alt="IJERT"/></a> </div> <!-- Mobile Left Elements --> <div class="flex-col show-for-medium flex-left"> <ul class="mobile-nav nav nav-left "> <li class="nav-icon has-icon"> <div class="header-button"> <a href="#" data-open="#main-menu" data-pos="left" data-bg="main-menu-overlay" data-color="" class="icon primary button circle is-small" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="main-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <i class="icon-menu" ></i> <span class="menu-title uppercase hide-for-small">Menu</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- Left Elements --> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-left flex-grow"> <ul class="header-nav header-nav-main nav nav-left nav-uppercase" > <li class="header-search-form search-form html relative has-icon"> <div class="header-search-form-wrapper"> <div class="searchform-wrapper ux-search-box relative is-normal"><form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://www.ijert.org/" role="search"> <div class="flex-row relative"> <div class="flex-col flex-grow"> <input type="search" class="search-field mb-0" name="s" value="" id="s" placeholder="Search & Download more than 27000 research papers" /> </div> <div class="flex-col"> <button type="submit" class="ux-search-submit submit-button secondary button icon mb-0" aria-label="Submit"> <i class="icon-search" ></i> </button> </div> </div> <div class="live-search-results text-left z-top"></div> </form> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- Right Elements --> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-right"> <ul class="header-nav header-nav-main nav nav-right nav-uppercase"> <li class="html custom html_topbar_right"><a href="/our-indexing" target=_blank><img src="/wp-content/uploads/ijert-indexing-partners-2019.png" alt="IJERT is INdexed with Google Scholar, Research Gate, Pubmed, Semantic Scholar" title="IJERT is indexed in all major open-access databases like Google Scholar" /> </a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- Mobile Right Elements --> <div class="flex-col show-for-medium flex-right"> <ul class="mobile-nav nav nav-right "> <li class="html header-social-icons ml-0"> <div class="social-icons follow-icons" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ijert.journal/" target="_blank" data-label="Facebook" class="icon primary button circle facebook tooltip" title="Follow on Facebook" aria-label="Follow on Facebook" rel="noopener nofollow" ><i class="icon-facebook" ></i></a><a href="mailto:info@ijert.org" data-label="E-mail" target="_blank" class="icon primary button circle email tooltip" title="Send us an email" aria-label="Send us an email" rel="nofollow noopener" ><i class="icon-envelop" ></i></a></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="container"><div class="top-divider full-width"></div></div> </div> <div id="wide-nav" class="header-bottom wide-nav nav-dark flex-has-center"> <div class="flex-row container"> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-left"> <ul class="nav header-nav header-bottom-nav nav-left nav-box nav-uppercase"> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-center"> <ul class="nav header-nav header-bottom-nav nav-center nav-box nav-uppercase"> <li id="menu-item-1902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1902 menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/" class="nav-top-link">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1879 menu-item-design-default has-dropdown"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/about-journal" class="nav-top-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu">About Journal<i class="icon-angle-down" ></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-dropdown nav-dropdown-bold"> <li id="menu-item-1919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1919"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/mission-scope">Mission & Scope</a></li> <li id="menu-item-33294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33294"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1887"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/review-process">Peer-Review Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1881"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/publication-ethics-policy">Publication Ethics Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-33461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33461"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/journals-policies">Journal Policies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1886"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/our-indexing">Indexing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1882"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/join-as-reviewer">Join as Reviewer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1885"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-partners">Conference Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1888"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1889 menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/call-for-papers" class="nav-top-link">Call for Papers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-482 current_page_item menu-item-1884 active menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/topics" aria-current="page" class="nav-top-link">Topics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1903 menu-item-design-default has-dropdown"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/guidelines-for-authors" class="nav-top-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu">Authors Guide<i class="icon-angle-down" ></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-dropdown nav-dropdown-bold"> <li id="menu-item-1900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1900"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/statistics-impact-factor">Journal Statistics – 2023-2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1894"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/submit-manuscript">Submit Manuscript</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1892"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/processing-charges">Journal Charges (APC)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1893" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1893"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/register-as-volunteer">Register as Volunteer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1890"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/downloads">Downloads</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1891"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/faq">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1899 menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/published-issue-archive" class="nav-top-link">Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1898 menu-item-design-default has-dropdown"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-special-issue-proposals" class="nav-top-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu">Conferences<i class="icon-angle-down" ></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-dropdown nav-dropdown-bold"> <li id="menu-item-28965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28965"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/upcoming-conference-special-issue.php">Upcoming Conferences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1901 menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-proceedings" class="nav-top-link">CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37445" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-37445 menu-item-design-default has-dropdown"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/publish-dissertation-thesis-online" class="nav-top-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu">Thesis Publication<i class="icon-angle-down" ></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-dropdown nav-dropdown-bold"> <li id="menu-item-37451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37451"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-archive">Thesis Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37449" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37449"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-publication-faqs">Thesis Publication FAQs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37450" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37450"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-publication-charges">Thesis Publication Charges</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1906 menu-item-design-default"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/contact-us" class="nav-top-link">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-29003 menu-item-design-default has-dropdown"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/" class="nav-top-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu">Login<i class="icon-angle-down" ></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-dropdown nav-dropdown-bold"> <li id="menu-item-29005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29005"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/author-login">Author Login</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29004"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/reviewer-login">Reviewer Login</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col hide-for-medium flex-right flex-grow"> <ul class="nav header-nav header-bottom-nav nav-right nav-box nav-uppercase"> <li class="header-contact-wrapper"> <ul id="header-contact" class="nav nav-divided nav-uppercase header-contact"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-col show-for-medium flex-grow"> <ul class="nav header-bottom-nav nav-center mobile-nav nav-box nav-uppercase"> <li class="header-search-form search-form html relative has-icon"> <div class="header-search-form-wrapper"> <div class="searchform-wrapper ux-search-box relative is-normal"><form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://www.ijert.org/" role="search"> <div class="flex-row relative"> <div class="flex-col flex-grow"> <input type="search" class="search-field mb-0" name="s" value="" id="s" placeholder="Search & Download more than 27000 research papers" /> </div> <div class="flex-col"> <button type="submit" class="ux-search-submit submit-button secondary button icon mb-0" aria-label="Submit"> <i class="icon-search" ></i> </button> </div> </div> <div class="live-search-results text-left z-top"></div> </form> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-bg-container fill"><div class="header-bg-image fill"></div><div class="header-bg-color fill"></div></div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class=""> <div class="page-wrapper page-right-sidebar"> <div class="row"> <div id="content" class="large-9 left col col-divided" role="main"> <div class="page-inner"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title mb uppercase">Topics Covered in “IJERT”</h1> </header> <p><img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/engineering-and-science-topics-covered.png" alt="All Engineering & Science Disciplines Covered by Journal " /> </br><br /> <img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-1531 alignleft" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/uploads/Topics.png" alt="" width="200" height="200" />The topics suggested by the IJERT can be discussed in terms of concepts, state of the art, research, standards, implementations, running experiments, applications, and industrial case studies. All tracks are open to both research and industry contributions.</p> <p>International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) is the place for exchange of information and research results within the following scope:<br /> </br></br></br></p> <table> <tr> <th>Engineering</th> <th>Technology</th> <th>Sciences</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Acoustical Engineering</td> <td>Bio Technology</td> <td>Engineering Sciences</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Aeronautical Engineering</td> <td>Ceramic Technology</td> <td>Computer Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Irrigation Engineering</td> <td>Construction Technology And Management</td> <td>Material Sciences</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agricultural Engineering</td> <td>Dairy Technology</td> <td>Biochemistry</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Applied Engineering</td> <td>Electronics And Media Technology</td> <td>Cryogenics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Architecture & Planning</td> <td>Product Design Technology</td> <td>Seismology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Architecture Engineering</td> <td>Fashion Technology</td> <td>Aeronautics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Audio Engineering</td> <td>Fiber Technology</td> <td>Polymer Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Automation And Robotics Engineering</td> <td>Food Technology</td> <td>Information Science</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Automobile Engineering</td> <td>Forensic Science And Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bio Engineering</td> <td>Information And Communication Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Biochemical Engineering</td> <td>Information Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Biomedical Engineering</td> <td>Instrumentation Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bio-molecular Engineering</td> <td>Leather Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Building And Construction Engineering</td> <td>Materials Science And Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ceramic Engineering</td> <td>Oil And Paint Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Chassis Engineering</td> <td>Paint Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Chemical Engineering</td> <td>Pharmaceutical Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Civil Engineering</td> <td>Polymer Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Computer Engineering</td> <td>Packaging Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Corrosion Engineering</td> <td>Printing Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Electrical Engineering</td> <td>Pulp And Paper Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Electronics Engineering</td> <td>Rubber Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Energy Engineering</td> <td>Silk Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Chemistry</td> <td>Sugar Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Management</td> <td>Textile Technology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Mathematics</td> <td>Nanotechnology</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Physics</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Environmental Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fashion And Apparel Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Food Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Forensic Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Forestry Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gas Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geo Informatics</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geological Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geo-sciences And Remote Sensing</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geo-technical Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Industrial Design</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Industrial Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Information Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Instrumentation And Control Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Integrated Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Manufacturing Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Marine Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Materials Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mechanical Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Engineering Mechanics</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mechatronics Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Medical Electronics</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Metallurgical Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Military Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mineral Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mining Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Model Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Molecular Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Naval Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nuclear Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ocean Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oil Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Optical Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Petrochemical Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Petroleum Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Planning Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Plastic Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Power Electronics</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Power Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Precision Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Process Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Production Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Railway Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Safety And Fire Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Software Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sound Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sports Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Structural Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Systems Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Telecommunication Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Textile Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thermal Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tool Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Transportation Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Utility Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Vehicle Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Water Engineering</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 col"> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area " role="complementary"> <aside id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><center> <h4> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/volume-14-issue-03-march-2025" target="_blank">CURRENT ISSUE <img src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/uploads/new-animated.gif" /></a> <a href="https://ems.ijert.org/submit-manuscript" target="_blank"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/call-for-papers-submit-paper-online.png" alt="Submit Paper Online" width=94/> </a> </h4> <p> <a href="/call-for-papers"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/call-for-papers-april-2025-3.png" alt="Call for Papers March 2025"/> </a> </p> <h4><a href="https://www.ijert.org/our-indexing" target="_blank">Journal Indexing</a> <img src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/uploads/updated_last_date.gif" /></h4> <p> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2278-0181" target="_blank"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ijert_issn_logo.jpg" alt="ISSN Registration No"/> </a><br> <strong>ISSN Online: 2278-0181</strong> </p> <p><a href="https://ems.ijert.org/join-as-reviewer" target=_blank > <img src="/wp-content/uploads/join-as-reviewer-engineering-journal.png" alt="Join as Reviewer"/> </a> </p> <p> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/anti_plagiarism_ijert.png" alt="Anti-Plagiarism Policy"/> </p> </center> </div></aside> <aside id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <span class="widget-title "><span>Recent Posts</span></span><div class="is-divider small"></div> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-in-analyzing-and-predicting-social-media-trends-for-executing-effective-marketing-strategies">The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Analyzing and Predicting Social Media Trends for Executing Effective Marketing Strategies</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/blockchain-for-security-enhancing-data-integrity-in-space-communications-and-operations">Blockchain for Security: Enhancing Data Integrity in Space Communications and Operations</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/personalized-finance-chatbot-powered-by-rag-and-generative-ai-for-smart-wealth-management">Personalized Finance Chatbot Powered by RAG and Generative AI for Smart Wealth Management</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/effect-and-influence-of-temporary-test-conductors-on-lt-panel-temperature-rise-test">Effect and Influence of Temporary Test Conductors on LT Panel Temperature-Rise Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ijert.org/urban-anxiety-how-crowded-cities-affect-well-being-and-the-role-of-architectural-design">Urban Anxiety How Crowded Cities Affect Well-Being and the Role of Architectural Design</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><span class="widget-title "><span>Recent Comments</span></span><div class="is-divider small"></div><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Sreejith</span> on <a href="https://www.ijert.org/how-to-improve-performance-of-high-traffic-web-applications#comment-57716">How To Improve Performance of High Traffic Web Applications</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Peter</span> on <a href="https://www.ijert.org/cost-and-waste-evaluation-of-expanded-polystyrene-eps-model-house-in-kenya#comment-57714">Cost and Waste Evaluation of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Model House in Kenya</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Ushus Maria Joseph</span> on <a href="https://www.ijert.org/real-time-detection-of-phishing-attacks-in-edge-devices#comment-57325">Real Time Detection of Phishing Attacks in Edge Devices</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">motsoko</span> on <a href="https://www.ijert.org/structural-design-of-interlocking-concrete-paving-block#comment-56701">Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Paving Block</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Priya</span> on <a href="https://www.ijert.org/the-role-and-potential-of-information-technology-in-agricultural-development#comment-55936">The Role and Potential of Information Technology in Agricultural Development</a></li></ul></aside></div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer" class="footer-wrapper"> <!-- FOOTER 1 --> <!-- FOOTER 2 --> <div class="absolute-footer dark medium-text-center text-center"> <div class="container clearfix"> <div class="footer-primary pull-left"> <div class="copyright-footer"> Copyright 2025 © <strong>IJERT.ORG</strong><img src="/wp-content/uploads/ssl-secure-100-payment-verified.png" alt=100% secured VISA & Master Verified Payment processed by CCAVENUE & Paypal /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#top" class="back-to-top button icon invert plain fixed bottom z-1 is-outline circle" id="top-link" aria-label="Go to top"><i class="icon-angle-up" ></i></a> </footer> </div> <div id="main-menu" class="mobile-sidebar no-scrollbar mfp-hide"> <div class="sidebar-menu no-scrollbar "> <ul class="nav nav-sidebar nav-vertical nav-uppercase" data-tab="1"> <li class="header-search-form search-form html relative has-icon"> <div class="header-search-form-wrapper"> <div class="searchform-wrapper ux-search-box relative is-normal"><form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://www.ijert.org/" role="search"> <div class="flex-row relative"> <div class="flex-col flex-grow"> <input type="search" class="search-field mb-0" name="s" value="" id="s" placeholder="Search & Download more than 27000 research papers" /> </div> <div class="flex-col"> <button type="submit" class="ux-search-submit submit-button secondary button icon mb-0" aria-label="Submit"> <i class="icon-search" ></i> </button> </div> </div> <div class="live-search-results text-left z-top"></div> </form> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1902"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1879"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/about-journal">About Journal</a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-sidebar-ul children"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1919"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/mission-scope">Mission & Scope</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33294"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1887"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/review-process">Peer-Review Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1881"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/publication-ethics-policy">Publication Ethics Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33461"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/journals-policies">Journal Policies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1886"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/our-indexing">Indexing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1882"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/join-as-reviewer">Join as Reviewer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1885"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-partners">Conference Partners</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1888"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1889"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/call-for-papers">Call for Papers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-482 current_page_item menu-item-1884"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/topics" aria-current="page">Topics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1903"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/guidelines-for-authors">Authors Guide</a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-sidebar-ul children"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1900"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/statistics-impact-factor">Journal Statistics – 2023-2024</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1894"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/submit-manuscript">Submit Manuscript</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1892"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/processing-charges">Journal Charges (APC)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1893"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/register-as-volunteer">Register as Volunteer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1890"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/downloads">Downloads</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1891"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/faq">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1899"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/published-issue-archive">Archive</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1898"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-special-issue-proposals">Conferences</a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-sidebar-ul children"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28965"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/upcoming-conference-special-issue.php">Upcoming Conferences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1901"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/conference-proceedings">CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-37445"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/publish-dissertation-thesis-online">Thesis Publication</a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-sidebar-ul children"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37451"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-archive">Thesis Archive</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37449"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-publication-faqs">Thesis Publication FAQs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-37450"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/thesis-publication-charges">Thesis Publication Charges</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1906"><a href="https://www.ijert.org/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-29003"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/">Login</a> <ul class="sub-menu nav-sidebar-ul children"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29005"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/author-login">Author Login</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29004"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ems.ijert.org/reviewer-login">Reviewer Login</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="html header-social-icons ml-0"> <div class="social-icons follow-icons" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ijert.journal/" target="_blank" data-label="Facebook" class="icon primary button circle facebook tooltip" title="Follow on Facebook" aria-label="Follow on Facebook" rel="noopener nofollow" ><i class="icon-facebook" ></i></a><a href="mailto:info@ijert.org" data-label="E-mail" target="_blank" class="icon primary button circle email tooltip" title="Send us an email" aria-label="Send us an email" rel="nofollow noopener" ><i class="icon-envelop" ></i></a></div></li> <li class="html custom html_topbar_right"><a href="/our-indexing" target=_blank><img src="/wp-content/uploads/ijert-indexing-partners-2019.png" alt="IJERT is INdexed with Google Scholar, Research Gate, Pubmed, Semantic Scholar" title="IJERT is indexed in all major open-access databases like Google Scholar" /> </a></li><li class="nav-icon has-icon"> <div class="header-button"> <a href="#" data-open="#main-menu" data-pos="left" data-bg="main-menu-overlay" data-color="" class="icon primary button circle is-small" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="main-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <i class="icon-menu" ></i> <span class="menu-title uppercase hide-for-small">Menu</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary: #e78c03;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #007784;--wp--preset--color--success: #7a9c59;--wp--preset--color--alert: #b20000;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-success-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--success) !important;}.has-alert-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--alert) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-success-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--success) !important;}.has-alert-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--alert) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-success-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--success) !important;}.has-alert-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--alert) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="flatsome-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var flatsomeVars = {"theme":{"version":"3.19.4"},"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.ijert.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","rtl":"","sticky_height":"90","stickyHeaderHeight":"0","scrollPaddingTop":"0","assets_url":"https:\/\/www.ijert.org\/wp-content\/themes\/flatsome\/assets\/","lightbox":{"close_markup":"<button title=\"%title%\" type=\"button\" class=\"mfp-close\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"feather feather-x\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><\/svg><\/button>","close_btn_inside":false},"user":{"can_edit_pages":false},"i18n":{"mainMenu":"Main Menu","toggleButton":"Toggle"},"options":{"cookie_notice_version":"1","swatches_layout":false,"swatches_disable_deselect":false,"swatches_box_select_event":false,"swatches_box_behavior_selected":false,"swatches_box_update_urls":"1","swatches_box_reset":false,"swatches_box_reset_limited":false,"swatches_box_reset_extent":false,"swatches_box_reset_time":300,"search_result_latency":"0"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ijert.org/wp-content/themes/flatsome/assets/js/flatsome.js?ver=8e60d746741250b4dd4e" id="flatsome-js-js"></script> </body> </html>