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<li id="toc-Origin_and_etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin and etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">West Bromwich</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="وست بروميتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وست بروميتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Bromi%C3%A7" title="Vest-Bromiç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vest-Bromiç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Уест Бромич – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уест Бромич" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="وست برومویچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وست برومویچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromwich_Thiar" title="Bromwich Thiar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bromwich Thiar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98" title="웨스트브로미치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스트브로미치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Վեստ Բրոմվիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեստ Բրոմվիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="וסט ברומיץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וסט ברומיץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestbromvi%C4%8Da" title="Vestbromviča – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vestbromviča" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest_Bromi%C4%8Das" title="Vest Bromičas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vest Bromičas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="وست بروميتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وست بروميتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="ウェスト・ブロムウィッチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェスト・ブロムウィッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Уэст-Бромидж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэст-Бромидж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Вест Бромич – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вест Бромич" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Вест-Бромвич – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вест-Бромвич" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="เวสต์บรอมมิช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวสต์บรอมมิช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Вест-Бромвіч – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вест-Бромвіч" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%86" title="ویسٹ برامچ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویسٹ برامچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="West Bromwich" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="西布朗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西布朗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%87" title="西布羅米奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西布羅米奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=West_Bromwich&params=52.519_N_1.995_W_region:GB_type:city(103112)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°59′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.519°N 1.995°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.519; -1.995</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in West Midlands, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bromwich" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bromwich_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bromwich (disambiguation)">Bromwich (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">West Bromwich</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg/240px-West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg/360px-West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg/480px-West_Bromwich_Town_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3517" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Town_Hall" title="West Bromwich Town Hall">West Bromwich Town Hall</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Bromwich is located in West Midlands county"><img alt="West Bromwich is located in West Midlands county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/240px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/360px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/480px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="974" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46%;left:27.439%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West Bromwich"><img alt="West Bromwich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>West Bromwich</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">103,112 <sup id="cite_ref-citypop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=52.516884~-2.001430&lvl=10&sp=Point.52.516884_-2.001430_West+Bromwich&sty=s&style=s">SP0091</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">126 mi (203 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas of the town</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Balls Hill</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lake,_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Lake, West Midlands">Black Lake</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Friar_Park,_West_Midlands" title="Friar Park, West Midlands">Friar Park</a> (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a> (Part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Great_Bridge,_West_Midlands" title="Great Bridge, West Midlands">Great Bridge</a> (part)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Guns Village</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Harvills Hawthorn</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hateley_Heath" title="Hateley Heath">Hateley Heath</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hilltop</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lyng,_West_Midlands" title="Lyng, West Midlands">Lyng</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Stone_Cross,_West_Midlands" title="Stone Cross, West Midlands">Stone Cross</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Village" title="Swan Village">Swan Village</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tantany" title="Tantany">Tantany</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yew_Tree,_West_Bromwich" title="Yew Tree, West Bromwich">Yew Tree</a> (part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">WEST BROMWICH</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B_postcode_area" title="B postcode area">B70, B71</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0121</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="West Midlands Ambulance Service">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipton_and_Wednesbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tipton and Wednesbury (UK Parliament constituency)"> Tipton and Wednesbury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)">West Bromwich</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_West_Midlands_(county)" title="List of places in West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=West_Bromwich&params=52.519_N_1.995_W_region:GB_type:city(103112)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°59′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.519°N 1.995°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.519; -1.995</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>West Bromwich</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f7\/En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg\/En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg/En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg" title="File:En-uk-WestBromwich.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BROM</span>-itch</i></a>), commonly known as <b>West Brom</b>, is a market town in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a>, in the county of the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a>, England. <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historically</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, it is 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. West Bromwich is part of the area known as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a>, in terms of geography, cultures and <a href="/wiki/Black_Country_dialect" title="Black Country dialect">dialect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West Bromwich had a population of 103,112 in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 Census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citypop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially a rural village, West Bromwich's growth corresponded with that of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, owing to the area's natural richness in <a href="/wiki/Ironstone" title="Ironstone">ironstone</a> and coal, as well as its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railway</a> branches.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It led to the town becoming a centre for <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal mining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">brick making</a>, the iron industry and metal trades such as nails, springs and guns. The town's primary economy developed into the engineering, manufacturing and the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">automotive industry</a> through the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, West Bromwich experienced <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">bombing</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">German Luftwaffe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also suffered heavily during <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recessions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%9375_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="1973–75 recession">mid 1970s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">early 1980s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">late 2000s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town is known for its football club <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion</a>, who have played in the town since the club's formation in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also home to parts of <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park" title="Sandwell Valley Country Park">Sandwell Valley Country Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley_RSPB_reserve" title="Sandwell Valley RSPB reserve">Sandwell Valley RSPB nature reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_and_etymology">Origin and etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>West Bromwich was first mentioned as <i>Bromwic</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Broom_(shrub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broom (shrub)">broom</a> village') in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086. It is believed that it may have originally been part of the <a href="/wiki/Handsworth,_West_Midlands" title="Handsworth, West Midlands">Handsworth</a> parish.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">priory</a> existed in West Bromwich from the 12th century around which the settlement of <i>Broomwich Heath</i> grew. In 1727, the town became a stop on the coaching road between London and <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury,_Shropshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrewsbury, Shropshire">Shrewsbury</a> and the beginning of its growth dates from this time. The prefix 'West' serves to distinguish it from the village of <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich" title="Castle Bromwich">Castle Bromwich</a>, around 8 miles (13 km) to the east on the other side of Birmingham. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, coal deposits were discovered, ensuring that the town grew rapidly as an industrial centre, with industries such as spring, gun and nail making developing. Well before the end of the 19th century, West Bromwich had established itself as a prominent area to match older neighbouring towns including <a href="/wiki/Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1801 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,687</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1811 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,505</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,377</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+61.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">26,121</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+69.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,581</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,795</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,918</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,295</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">59,538</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">65,175</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,386</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+64.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1888, West Bromwich became a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>, incorporating the village of <a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a>. It was expanded in 1966, acquiring most of the <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a> as well as a small section of <a href="/wiki/Coseley" title="Coseley">Coseley</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">urban district</a>, before joining with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Warley" title="County Borough of Warley">county borough of Warley</a> (which contained the towns of <a href="/wiki/Rowley_Regis" title="Rowley Regis">Rowley Regis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a>) in 1974 to form the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sandwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell">Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell</a>. </p><p>Charlemont Hall, built during the 1750s, stood on the west side of the present Charlemont Crescent, in the <a href="/wiki/Charlemont_and_Grove_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlemont and Grove Vale">Charlemont and Grove Vale</a> district of the town. Charlemont Hall was described <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800</span> as "a lofty neat-looking house of brick, faced with stone, with iron palisades etc. in front." An east wing was added in 1855. The last occupant was the widow of Thomas Jones, town clerk of Wednesbury 1897–1921. The house was demolished in 1948, and is now covered by a number of smaller detached homes. Much of the surrounding area was developed during the 1960s as the Charlemont Farm housing estate, which is a mix of private and <a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public housing in the United Kingdom">council housing</a>. </p><p>The population of West Bromwich suffered heavily in the <a href="/wiki/Cholera_epidemic_of_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholera epidemic of 1831">Cholera epidemic of 1831</a> which spread northwards into the town. A temporary board of health was set up and a hospital opened in the former Revivalist chapel in Spon Lane. The natural gradual slope of the land provided drainage within the soil, however, urbanisation made this increasingly difficult and drainage along the streets was described as inadequate. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich_Town_Improvement_Commissioners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Bromwich Town Improvement Commissioners (page does not exist)">West Bromwich Town Improvement Commissioners</a> was established in 1854, and they tackled the drainage problem in the town. They appointed members to new titles and in the 1880s bought land in Friar Park for a sewerage farm. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act 1832</a>, West Bromwich became part of the new southern division of <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, and under the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1867" title="Reform Act 1867">Reform Act 1867</a> it was transferred to the parliamentary borough of Wednesbury.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_p_history_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO_p_history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redistribution_of_Seats_Act_of_1885&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885 (page does not exist)">Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885</a>, the borough of West Bromwich became a parliamentary borough returning one member. In 1885, it was held by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> but from 1886 to 1906 it was held by the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> before being held by the Liberal Party again until 1910 when the Conservative Party regained the area which they held until 1918 under the representation of <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Lewisham" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Lewisham">Viscount Lewisham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_p_history_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO_p_history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, it was won by <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> who held it until 2019, when Nicola Richards <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/4868/portrait">[1]</a> was elected as MP. Prior to that the constituency was held by Labour except for the period between 1931 and 1935 when it held by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Unionist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Unionist (page does not exist)">National Unionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_p_history_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO_p_history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bromwich_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/West_Bromwich_Library.jpg/220px-West_Bromwich_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/West_Bromwich_Library.jpg/330px-West_Bromwich_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/West_Bromwich_Library.jpg/440px-West_Bromwich_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4493" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption>West Bromwich Library</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1914, many of the older houses built to house workers during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> were becoming unfit for human habitation<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sanitation was inadequate, decay was rife, and the homes were becoming a danger to the health and safety of their inhabitants. After the end of the war, the local council started building new homes to rehouse people from the rundown town centre. However, there are still many late 19th century and early 20th century buildings around the centre of West Bromwich. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">Council housing</a> in West Bromwich was built in 1920 on the Tantany Estate to the north of the town centre. Within 20 years, several thousand council houses had been built by West Bromwich County Borough Council. The largest developments were mostly in the north of the town, including the Charlemont Farm Estate around Walsall Road, and the Friar Park Estate near the border with Wednesbury.<sup id="cite_ref-wbgt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbgt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG/220px-2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG/330px-2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG/440px-2015-03-07_-_ThinkTank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="1774" /></a><figcaption>World War II fund-raising badge, sold during "War Weapons Week", 15–22 March 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>The town suffered significant damage from air raids in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with 58 civilian deaths, most in the raids of 19 November 1940 around Oak Road and Lombard Street to the west of the town centre. There were a few other less severe raids during the war on parts of West Bromwich including Stone Cross and Tantany, with no fatalities. This occurred on the same night as the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">Birmingham Blitz</a>, which resulted in thousands of casualties, as well as the less severe raids on nearby <a href="/wiki/Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major postwar council housing development was the Harvills Hawthorn Estate near Hill Top, which was completed in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-wbgt_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbgt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mass immigration from the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> took place in West Bromwich during the 1950s and 1960s, with most of these hailing from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, although a significant number of <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_community" class="mw-redirect" title="British African-Caribbean community">Afro-Caribbean</a> immigrants also settled in West Bromwich. The majority of these immigrants settled in the older parts of the town that were mostly made up of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian period">Edwardian</a> terraced houses. </p><p>The local road network was also greatly increased during the 1960s and 1970s. West Bromwich is at the extreme northern end of the <a href="/wiki/M5_motorway" title="M5 motorway">M5 motorway</a>, with junction 1 serving the town on the <a href="/wiki/A41_road" title="A41 road">A41 road</a>. Traffic passing through West Bromwich on the main route from <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a> to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> was soon diverted along the new dual carriageway, the <i>Northern Loop Road</i> (also known as <i>The Expressway</i>), after its opening in 1972, with another dual carriageway being built to link The Expressway with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_(Pre-1966).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png/220px-The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png/330px-The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png/440px-The_local_government_structure_within_the_Black_Country_%28Pre-1966%29.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>The local government structure within North Worcestershire and South Staffordshire – Prior to the <i>West Midlands Order 1965</i> reorganisation</figcaption></figure> <p>West Bromwich County Borough was expanded in 1966 to include the bulk of <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a>, while a small part of the south-eastern section of the town was absorbed into the new <a href="/wiki/Warley_County_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Warley County Borough">Warley County Borough</a> which was centred on neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rowley_Regis" title="Rowley Regis">Rowley Regis</a>. The actual town boundaries of West Bromwich were also altered at this time, placing the Friar Park estate in Wednesbury, while the <a href="/wiki/Hateley_Heath" title="Hateley Heath">Hateley Heath</a> area of Wednesbury was now within the borders of West Bromwich township. </p><p>As with many other parts of the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">Midlands</a>, West Bromwich was hit badly by the <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recessions</a> of the mid-1970s and early 1980s, resulting in mass unemployment across the town, exceeding 20% in some districts. </p><p>Queen's Square shopping centre opened in the town centre in 1971, providing shoppers with a 60-unit indoor shopping centre and an 850-space <a href="/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-storey car park">multi-storey car park</a>. It cost £3million to build.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smaller King's Square shopping centre also opened in the town in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December 2011, 40 years after the opening of Queen's Square, Sandwell Council announced that Queen's Square would be refurbished at a cost of £5million. By this stage, the centre was falling into disrepair and only 33 of the 61 available units were occupied. Once again, West Bromwich had been hit hard by another <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">recession</a>, with local unemployment running high again, as well as a high vacancy rate for commercial and industrial units.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bromford_Lane,_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg/220px-Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg/330px-Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg/440px-Bromford_Lane%2C_West_Bromwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_107925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Bromford Lane, West Bromwich. Photograph looking southwest towards Oldbury. Steam trams ran along the road between 1885 and 1929.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many local towns, particularly Dudley, lost many of their major stores around the time that the <a href="/wiki/Merry_Hill_Shopping_Centre" title="Merry Hill Shopping Centre">Merry Hill Shopping Centre</a> which was developed at <a href="/wiki/Brierley_Hill" title="Brierley Hill">Brierley Hill</a> during the second half of the 1980s as businesses looked to take advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Zone">Enterprise Zone</a> incentives that the centre offered. West Bromwich's fortunes as a retail centre were seriously affected by the Merry Hill development. This contributed to the closure of its <a href="/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marks and Spencer">Marks and Spencer</a> store on 25 August 1990, along with the Dudley store, to be replaced by a new store at Merry Hill, with most of the staff at the new store being transferred from either West Bromwich or Dudley. <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Stores" title="British Home Stores">British Home Stores</a> also pulled out of the town around the same time, and a new store at Merry Hill which opened in November 1989 and also spelled the end of the Dudley store. The town lost another big retail name in 2005 when the <a href="/wiki/Littlewoods" title="Littlewoods">Littlewoods</a> store closed as part of the retailer's decision to switch wholly to online shopping; the unit has since been taken over by <a href="/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Look (clothing retailer)">New Look</a>. Retail developments around Oldbury, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/SavaCentre" title="SavaCentre">SavaCentre</a> hypermarket in 1980, have also affected trade in West Bromwich.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">recession beginning in 2008</a> has pushed the town centre further into decline, a notable casualty being the <a href="/wiki/Woolworths_Group_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolworths Group (United Kingdom)">Woolworths</a> store which closed on 30 December 2008 as a result of the retailer going into liquidation; the building was not re-occupied until <a href="/wiki/Home_Bargains" title="Home Bargains">Home Bargains</a> took it over in 2012. </p><p>Several more factories have closed in more recent years as manufacturers look to countries where the labour is cheaper, but West Bromwich remains a relatively busy industrial area despite the decline of the last 35 years. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forge_Mill_Lake,_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg/220px-Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg/330px-Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg/440px-Forge_Mill_Lake%2C_Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1579402.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Forge_Mill_Lake" title="Forge Mill Lake">Forge Mill Lake</a>, Sandwell Valley Country Park</figcaption></figure> <p>West Bromwich's road links were further enhanced in 1995 on the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country_Spine_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Country Spine Road">Black Country Spine Road</a> which also by-passes Wednesbury and the east of <a href="/wiki/Bilston" title="Bilston">Bilston</a>. The completion of this new road opened up several square miles of previously inaccessible land, and has allowed several major businesses to set up along the route. This has helped relieve some of the unemployment problems in West Bromwich, although most parts of the town still have the highest unemployment rates in the West Midlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>West Bromwich was among the many towns and cities in England affected by the <a href="/wiki/2011_England_riots" title="2011 England riots">widespread rioting</a> in August 2011. On 9 August, shops closed their doors early to combat looting and vandalism; this was followed by widespread acts of vandalism and violence followed. Police closed the main roads leading into the town until the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town has enjoyed something of an economic revival since 11 July 2013, when, after a large scale demolition of an area including the school known as Cronehills, the New Square shopping and entertainment complex opened in the town centre on land adjoining the existing Queen's Square shopping centre. Hundreds of jobs have been created and the town has attracted retailers including Next, JD Sports, <a href="/wiki/Primark" title="Primark">Primark</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_Fashion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank Fashion (page does not exist)">Bank Fashion</a>, as well as an <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Cinemas" title="Odeon Cinemas">Odeon cinema</a>, several food and drink outlets, and a Tesco Extra superstore. </p><p>The mixed success of <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion F.C.</a> has also had a significant impact on the town's economy, particularly during the club's successful era of the 1960s and 1970s when it frequently competed in the top division of English football, won the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> and qualified for European competitions on several occasions. Attendances were high during this era, but slumped during the 1980s when the club's on-the-field fortunes began to decline and culminated in relegation in 1986, at a time which the local economy had already suffered a sharp decline. Albion did not play in the top flight again until 2002, and remained a regular presence in the <a href="/wiki/FA_Premier_League" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Premier League">FA Premier League</a> until 2018, during which time the club attracted a level of average attendance not seen since the late 1970s. </p><p>The archives for West Bromwich Borough are held at <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Community_History_and_Archives_Service" title="Sandwell Community History and Archives Service">Sandwell Community History and Archives Service</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westbromcrest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Westbromcrest.jpg/170px-Westbromcrest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/Westbromcrest.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of West Bromwich County Borough Council.</figcaption></figure> <p>The town is divided into two constituencies: <a href="/wiki/Tipton_and_Wednesbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tipton and Wednesbury (UK Parliament constituency)"> Tipton and Wednesbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)">West Bromwich</a>. </p><p>West Bromwich is served by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Coombes" title="Sarah Coombes">Sarah Coombes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>), who was elected on 4 July 2024 </p><p>Tipton and Wednesbury is served by <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Bance" title="Antonia Bance">Antonia Bance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>), who was elected on 4 July 2024. <a href="/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd" title="Betty Boothroyd">Betty Boothroyd</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had previously served as the constituency's MP and she was the first female <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 2021 census, West Bromwich's built-up area population was recorded as having a population of 103,112. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the wards separately were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:right;"><b>: West Bromwich</b>: 2021 Census<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic group </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,891 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">52.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,813 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,471 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,265 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Ethnic Group </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,087 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arab </td> <td style="text-align:right;">582 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,112 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The religious composition of the built-up area at the 2021 Census was recorded as: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:right;"><b>Wednesbury: Religion</b>: 2021 Census </td></tr> <tr> <th>Religious </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Christian </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,416 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Irreligious </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,822 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sikh </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,587 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslim </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,865 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hindu </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,705 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,042 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddhist </td> <td style="text-align:right;">383 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,112 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Cfb</a>". (Marine West Coast Climate/<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for West Bromwich </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">430<br />(16.9) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Weatherbase<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_brom_stadium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/West_brom_stadium.JPG/200px-West_brom_stadium.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/West_brom_stadium.JPG/300px-West_brom_stadium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/West_brom_stadium.JPG/400px-West_brom_stadium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns" title="The Hawthorns">The Hawthorns</a>, home of West Bromwich Albion F.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>The town's <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club is <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion</a>. The club was founded in 1878 and in 1888 it became one of the 12 founder members of the <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">Football League</a>. It won the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">league championship</a> in <a href="/wiki/1919%E2%80%9320_Football_League" title="1919–20 Football League">1920</a> and has won the <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> five times, most recently in <a href="/wiki/1968_FA_Cup_final" title="1968 FA Cup final">1968</a>, and won the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Cup" title="EFL Cup">League Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366_Football_League_Cup" title="1965–66 Football League Cup">1966</a>. Albion were based in and around the centre of West Bromwich during their formative years, but moved further out of the town in 1900 when they switched to their current ground, <a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns" title="The Hawthorns">The Hawthorns</a>. All traces of the original structures are long gone; the present structures were added to the stadium in 1979, 1994 and most recently 2001. At an altitude of 551 feet, The Hawthorns is the highest football ground (above sea level) in the country. </p><p>Engineering and chemicals are important to the town's economy, as it played a crucial part in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> during the 19th century and still retains many manufacturing jobs to this day, despite a steady nationwide decline in this sector since the 1970s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_General_Hospital" title="Sandwell General Hospital">Sandwell General Hospital</a> (on the site of the former Hallam Hospital) is located near the town centre. It is currently part of the <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_and_West_Birmingham_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" title="Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust">Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust</a>, one of the largest NHS teaching trusts in the United Kingdom. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Oakhouse.jpg/220px-Oakhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Oakhouse.jpg/330px-Oakhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Oakhouse.jpg/440px-Oakhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Oak House, West Bromwich.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth</a> had his seat at <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Hall" title="Sandwell Hall">Sandwell Hall</a>. Legge was unusual as an aristocrat of this period by being a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> and attending the <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a> Methodist meetings, where fellow Methodists – many of them <a href="/wiki/Colliery" class="mw-redirect" title="Colliery">colliers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Droving" title="Droving">drovers</a> – knew him as "Brother Earl". </p><p><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Town_Hall" title="West Bromwich Town Hall">West Bromwich Town Hall</a>, situated in the centre of the High Street, is a Grade II listed building. It was built between 1874 and 1875 in brick and stone to an Italian Gothic design, and its interior reflects the Victorian interest in Gothic and Medieval architecture. Its Grand Organ, built in 1862, is considered to be of historic importance for its musical and technical qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Public_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/The_Public_Building.jpg/220px-The_Public_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/The_Public_Building.jpg/330px-The_Public_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/The_Public_Building.jpg/440px-The_Public_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>The Public, by Will Alsop</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Manor_House" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bromwich Manor House">West Bromwich Manor House</a>, Hall Green Road, was built by the de Marnham family in the late 13th century as the centre of their agricultural estate in West Bromwich only the Great Hall survives of the original complex of living quarters, agricultural barns, sheds and ponds. Successive occupants modernised and extended the Manor House until it was described in 1790 as "a large pile of irregular half-timbered buildings, black and white, and surrounded with numerous out-houses and lofty walls." The Manor House was saved from demolition in the 1950s by West Bromwich Corporation which carried out an extensive and sympathetic restoration of this nationally important building. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oak_House,_West_Bromwich" title="Oak House, West Bromwich">Oak House</a> is an historic building in the <a href="/wiki/Greets_Green" title="Greets Green">Greets Green</a> area. Its exact date of origin is uncertain, but in 1634 it was owned by the Turtons. <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> preached there twice in the late 1700s. Reuben Farley gave it to the town as a museum, with the formal opening on 25 July 1898. In 1949 it was protected as a Grade II* Listed Building. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG/220px-Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG/330px-Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG/440px-Tame_Sandwell_Forge_Mill.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The lakes and pools within Sandwell Valley are home to a wide range of water fowl and also play host to migrating birds.</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2009, <a href="/wiki/The_Public,_West_Bromwich" title="The Public, West Bromwich">The Public</a> arts centre designed by architect Will Alsop fully opened. By 2013, the venue was attracting nearly 400,000 visitors a year and was bringing leading national and international artists to the town. Originally beset by problems before opening, in May 2013, it was revealed that Sandwell Council were considering borrowing a substantial amount of money to repurpose the £70 million building and lease it to Sandwell College to provide a new sixth form centre to complement the recently opened Central Campus in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large portion of the town centre was procured by <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> for the development of a Tesco Extra store and shopping centre called <a href="/wiki/New_Square,_West_Bromwich" title="New Square, West Bromwich">New Square, West Bromwich</a> which has been built on top of the old hospital. In the early 2000s the tenants of homes and businesses have slowly moved out of the site to make way for the development. Cronehills Primary School (staff and pupils) relocated to the newly built Eaton Valley Primary School, which opened in September 2009. The police station relocated to a brand new building the other site of the ring road. Major works started on the site during October 2011 and the development was completed by late spring 2013. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Park,_West_Bromwich" title="Dartmouth Park, West Bromwich">Dartmouth Park</a>, opened in 1878 by <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_5th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 5th Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 5th Earl of Dartmouth</a>, lies to the east of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond Dartmouth Park is <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley" title="Sandwell Valley">Sandwell Valley</a>, which contains <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park" title="Sandwell Valley Country Park">Sandwell Valley Country Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley_RSPB_reserve" title="Sandwell Valley RSPB reserve">Sandwell Valley RSPB nature reserve</a>. The 660 acre country park is located on the <a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_West_Midlands" title="River Tame, West Midlands">River Tame</a>, in the middle of the urban <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> between <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and West Bromwich. The <a href="/wiki/RSPB" class="mw-redirect" title="RSPB">RSPB</a> nature reserve is adjacent, and attracts over 150 different bird species.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also two farms on the site that are open to the public: Sandwell Park Farm and Forge Mill Farm.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>West Bromwich is a culturally diverse area with many places of worship for several different religions. </p><p>At the time of writing (2023), The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> provides the most places of worship across the geographically wider <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich_Deanery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Bromwich Deanery (page does not exist)">West Bromwich Deanery</a> (taking in West Bromwich, Hill Top, Stone Cross, Carter's Green, Holy Trinity, All Saints, St Andrew's, St Francis, Friar Park and others) which contains nine <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> churches. Other Christian denominations are present, including Roman Catholic, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, Elim <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> and other independent churches. The deanery of West Bromwich is under the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Diocese of Lichfield</a>. </p><p>West Bromwich has four mosques. With two on Dartmouth street, one serving the Bangladeshi sunni community and the other, the Pakistani sunni community. The reason for the separate mosques is due to historic differences in opinions between imams of the berelvi community (Pakistani) and other sunni denominations. The largest mosque in West Bromwich is the Madinatul Uloon Al-Islamiyah Madrasa on Moor street which accommodates all Muslim Sunni denominations and follows the <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> school of thought. The fourth mosque opened in 2016 and follows the Bangladeshi <a href="/wiki/Fultoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Fultoli">fultoli</a> teachings. </p><p>The Bangladeshi mosque on Dartmouth street (the Jami Masjid and Islamic Centre) is currently fundraising to rebuild a purpose-built mosque to accommodate more worshippers. Currently, they have obtained the land they require for this rebuild but are lacking crucial funding required for the ambitious multi-million pound rebuild. The Jami Masjid and Islamic Centre was the first mosque in the area, of Bangladeshi origin. Madinatul Uloom Al-Islamiyah, located at Moor street is based at an abandoned church and was converted into a functioning mosque in 2001. The mosque also functions as a <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasa</a>, meaning that it offers taught classes and hosts Islamic events including an annual jalsa (Islamic gathering). It currently (and since 2003) offers Islamic evening classes to hundreds of children and has plans in the future to offer higher education to adults who desire to pursue Islamic studies at a higher level. The premises consists of two large prayer halls and an assortment of classrooms. This mosque is regularly attended by mostly people of Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Arab ethnicity (in order of proportions of worshippers from each ethnicity) – but what sets this mosque apart from others in West Bromwich, is that it is used regularly by people of many ethnicities, unlike other mosques in West Bromwich which are primarily used by people of one ethnicity. </p><p>There are also a large<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (August 2011)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> number of <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a> in the area. There are many <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">Gurudwaras</a>. Sikhs have settled in the area since 1950, when the first influx of immigrants came. The oldest Gurdwara in West Bromwich is the Gurdwara Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji on High Street. Other Gurdwara's include Guru Nanak Gurdwara on Edward Street and Gurdwara Sachkhand Ishar Darbar on Vicarage Road. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> have had a formal place of worship in West Bromwich since the opening of the Shree Krishna Mandir<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1974, in a converted church once called Ebenezer <a href="/wiki/Congregational" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational">Congregational</a> Chapel, which had closed in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was damaged by fire on 8 December 1992, the same date that a Mandir in Birmingham and another in Coventry were damaged in arson attacks. It was believed to have been connected to <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">religious violence in India</a> that was spreading into communities in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1875, being locked out of a packed <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelist</a> meeting in Birmingham caused John Blackham of Ebenezer Congregational Church to start the Pleasant Sunday Afternoon Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_railway_station" title="West Bromwich railway station">West Bromwich railway station</a> was opened by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a> on its <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill-Wolverhampton_Low_Level_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Snow Hill-Wolverhampton Low Level Line">route</a> between <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Birmingham Snow Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Low_Level_railway_station" title="Wolverhampton Low Level railway station">Wolverhampton Low Level</a> on 14 November 1854. The trackbed of that line is now served by the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Metro" title="West Midlands Metro">West Midlands Metro</a> light rail (tram) system with West Bromwich having seven tram stops: <a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns_tram_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hawthorns tram stop">The Hawthorns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenrick_Park_tram_stop" title="Kenrick Park tram stop">Kenrick Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Way_tram_stop" title="Trinity Way tram stop">Trinity Way</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Central_tram_stop" title="West Bromwich Central tram stop">West Bromwich Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lodge_Road_West_Bromwich_Town_Hall_tram_stop" title="Lodge Road West Bromwich Town Hall tram stop">Lodge Road West Bromwich Town Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Street_tram_stop" title="Dartmouth Street tram stop">Dartmouth Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Street_Guns_Village_tram_stop" title="Dudley Street Guns Village tram stop">Dudley Street Guns Village</a>. The nearest main-line railway station is now <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_%26_Dudley_railway_station" title="Sandwell & Dudley railway station">Sandwell & Dudley railway station</a>, approximately one mile (two kilometres) away in <a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a> town centre. Though services to <a href="/wiki/Stourbridge_Junction_railway_station" title="Stourbridge Junction railway station">Stourbridge Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Shrub_Hill_railway_station" title="Worcester Shrub Hill railway station">Worcester Shrub Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Foregate_Street_railway_station" title="Worcester Foregate Street railway station">Worcester Foregate Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Birmingham Snow Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Moor_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham Moor Street railway station">Birmingham Moor Street</a> call at <a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hawthorns railway station">The Hawthorns railway station</a>. There was previously a railway station on Newton Road, which was located a mile away from the town centre; it was on the Grand Junction Railway that ran from <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham New Street</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stafford_railway_station" title="Stafford railway station">Stafford</a> via <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton railway station">Wolverhampton High Level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walsall_railway_station" title="Walsall railway station">Walsall</a>. This station closed in 1945 and, although it moved twice between 1863 and 1902, only the line remains in use for the services from Walsall to Birmingham, Wolverhampton and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M5_motorway" title="M5 motorway">M5 motorway</a> between the West Midlands and the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> and its junction with the <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6 motorway</a> passes through the town, making West Bromwich at the hub of Britain's motorway network. Improvements were made at the A41 junction by West Bromwich town centre after a £25 million project grant was awarded to the area to cut congestion for commuters. The junction, which is where The Expressway meets All Saints Way (A4031), currently carries over 60,000 vehicles a day and is close to junction 1 of the M5. The project involved the creation of a dual carriageway underpass beneath an improved roundabout; this work began in June 2010 and was completed in autumn 2012. </p><p>Carters Green, High Street and the beginning of Birmingham Road formed the original main route through West Bromwich as part of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Telford" title="Thomas Telford">Thomas Telford</a>'s London to <a href="/wiki/Holyhead" title="Holyhead">Holyhead</a> route in the early 19th century. This later formed part of the <a href="/wiki/A41_road" title="A41 road">A41 road</a> which links London with <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, taking in the Midlands, <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, Warwickshire, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, Buckinghamshire and <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> on the way. However, the route through central West Bromwich was by-passed in 1973 on the completion of the Expressway, a two-mile (3 km) dual carriageway beginning at Carters Green and finishing at junction 1 of the recently completed <a href="/wiki/M5_motorway" title="M5 motorway">M5 motorway</a> on Birmingham Road. The original A41 road through the centre of West Bromwich was downgraded to an unclassified route. </p><p>Around this time, West Bromwich Ringway was opened which circulates the main shopping areas. The section of the Ringway, near the new Tesco, has since had traffic restrictions placed on it prohibiting use by private cars. </p><p>Further revolution came to the local road network in 1995, with the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country_Spine_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Country Spine Road">Black Country Spine Road</a> which stretches from Carters Green to <a href="/wiki/Bilston" title="Bilston">Bilston</a> via <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a>, forming another new section of the A41. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>West Bromwich has a large <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_bus_station" title="West Bromwich bus station">bus station</a> managed by <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_West_Midlands" title="Transport for West Midlands">Transport for West Midlands</a> and served by a large number of routes, both locally to places such as <a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_Cross,_West_Midlands" title="Stone Cross, West Midlands">Stone Cross</a> as well as regional bus routes to places such as <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>. Stands are lettered A to Z. The main bus operators serving the bus station are <a href="/wiki/National_Express_West_Midlands" title="National Express West Midlands">National Express West Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond_West_Midlands" title="Diamond West Midlands">Diamond West Midlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nearest airport, which is approximately 16 miles (26 km) away, is <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a>, which can be reached by tram to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham New Street</a> and train to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_International_railway_station" title="Birmingham International railway station">Birmingham International</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest educational provider in the town is the Central Campus of <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_College" title="Sandwell College">Sandwell College</a>. This is housed in a £77 million building opened in February 2012. The college is capable of enrolling over 5,000 students each year across many curriculum areas. Central Sixth delivers the college's A-Level programme covering some thirty different subject areas. Facilities in the Central Campus include a Boeing 737 fuselage used for training air cabin crew and a dental surgery used to train dental nurses. Central Campus also offers a wide variety of apprenticeships and a small number of Higher Education programmes. </p><p>The town is served by five secondary schools: <a href="/wiki/George_Salter_Academy" title="George Salter Academy">George Salter Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_Futures_UTC" title="Health Futures UTC">Health Futures UTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_Collegiate" title="The Phoenix Collegiate">the Phoenix Collegiate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q3_Academy_Great_Barr" title="Q3 Academy Great Barr">Q3 Academy Great Barr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Academy" title="Sandwell Academy">Sandwell Academy</a>. A new secondary school, <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich_Collegiate_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Bromwich Collegiate Academy (page does not exist)">West Bromwich Collegiate Academy</a>, opened in September 2019. </p><p>The town has 21 primary schools in total. Some of which are Lodge Primary School, St. John Bosco RC Primary School, Holy Trinity C of E Primary School, Ryders Green Primary School, All Saints' CofE Primary School, St Mary Magdalene, Hateley Heath and Eaton Valley. </p><p>Sandwell Academy serves the whole of West Bromwich (along with the rest of Sandwell), Phoenix Collegiate Academy serves the area around <a href="/wiki/Hateley_Heath" title="Hateley Heath">Hateley Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantany" title="Tantany">Tantany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlemont_and_Grove_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlemont and Grove Vale">Charlemont and Grove Vale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_Cross,_West_Midlands" title="Stone Cross, West Midlands">Stone Cross, West Midlands</a>. George Salter Academy serves the west of the town near the border with <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a>. Q3 Academy serves the north-eastern part of the town around <a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a>. </p><p>The area was also served by Churchfields High School, approximately 1 mile (2 kilometres) north of the town centre. Due to constant closure rumours, less and less pupils began enrolling to attend the school and it was closed in July 2001. The site has since been redeveloped for housing.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square,_West_Bromwich_(48488490306).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg/170px-The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg/255px-The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg/340px-The_Three_Degrees_statue_-_New_Square%2C_West_Bromwich_%2848488490306%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2923" data-file-height="4081" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <i>the Three Degrees</i> by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Ibbeson" title="Graham Ibbeson">Graham Ibbeson</a>, in West Bromwich</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg/220px-WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg/330px-WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg/440px-WBA_The_Great_Escape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Fans spill onto <a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns" title="The Hawthorns">the Hawthorns</a> pitch following West Bromwich Albion's escape from relegation in 2005.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">BBC West Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">ITV Central</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station" title="Sutton Coldfield transmitting station">Sutton Coldfield</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_WM" title="BBC Radio WM">BBC Radio WM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_West_Midlands" title="Heart West Midlands">Heart West Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Midlands" title="Capital Midlands">Capital Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_West_Midlands" title="Smooth West Midlands">Smooth West Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Birmingham" title="Hits Radio Birmingham">Hits Radio Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Birmingham_%26_The_West_Midlands" title="Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands">Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands</a>. The town is served by the local newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Express_%26_Star" title="Express & Star">Express & Star</a></i> (formerly <i>West Bromwich Chronicle</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town's sport scene is dominated by <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion</a>, a football club who were founded in the town in 1878 by workers from <a href="/wiki/Salter_Housewares" title="Salter Housewares">George Salter's Spring Works</a> in West Bromwich. They played at a number of sites near the town centre until they moved to their current home, <a href="/wiki/The_Hawthorns" title="The Hawthorns">The Hawthorns</a> on Birmingham Road (on the borders of <a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Handsworth,_West_Midlands" title="Handsworth, West Midlands">Handsworth</a>) in 1900. </p><p>West Brom were among the 12 founder members of the <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a> in 1888 (the first professional football league in the world), along with their two fiercest local rivals, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C." title="Aston Villa F.C.">Aston Villa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C." title="Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.">Wolverhampton Wanderers</a>. Albion have spent the majority of their existence in the top tier of English football. </p><p>The club has won nine major trophies; five <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cups</a> (1888, 1892, 1931, 1954, 1968), one <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">league title</a> (1920), one <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League Cup">Football League Cup</a> (1966), and two <a href="/wiki/FA_Community_Shield" title="FA Community Shield">Charity Shields</a> (1920, 1954). The victory that came in 1968 was their most recent major trophy, when they won the FA Cup with a 1–0 win over <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a>. They enjoyed further success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when they finished in the top five league positions three times in four seasons as well as reaching a <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Cup">UEFA Cup</a> quarter-final. They currently play in the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">Championship</a>, the second tier of English football, having been relegated from the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> in May 2021. </p><p>Notable former players of West Bromwich Albion include <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Allen" title="Ronnie Allen">Ronnie Allen</a> (who later had two spells as the club's manager), <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Robson" title="Bryan Robson">Bryan Robson</a> (who was also later the club's manager), <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Cunningham" title="Laurie Cunningham">Laurie Cunningham</a> (the first black player to play for the senior <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England national team</a>, but died in 1989 at age 33), <a href="/wiki/Tony_Brown_(footballer,_born_1945)" title="Tony Brown (footballer, born 1945)">Tony Brown</a> (the club's all-time leading goalscorer) and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Astle" title="Jeff Astle">Jeff Astle</a> (who scored the club's winning goal in the <a href="/wiki/1968_FA_Cup_final" title="1968 FA Cup final">1968 FA Cup final</a> and remained a cult figure among Albion fans). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local cricket team is <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Dartmouth_Cricket_Club" title="West Bromwich Dartmouth Cricket Club">West Bromwich Dartmouth Cricket Club</a>, and is based in the town. The club was founded in 1834. It is a founder member of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_District_Premier_League" title="Birmingham and District Premier League">Birmingham and District Cricket League</a>, the oldest cricket league in the world. They play their home games at Sandwell Valley, opposite the Hawthorns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Alumni plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's list of residents <b>may not follow Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a> policy</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing names that do not have independent <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a> showing they merit inclusion in this article AND are residents, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bromwich,_clock_tower_(geograph_1346706).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg/170px-West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg/255px-West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg/340px-West_Bromwich%2C_clock_tower_%28geograph_1346706%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Farley Clock Tower in memory of <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Farley" title="Reuben Farley">Reuben Farley</a> first Mayor of West Bromwich.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a> – <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Aston" title="Anne Aston">Anne Aston</a> – born Anne Lloyd, TV presenter and actress, lived in Old Meeting Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Atkins" title="Al Atkins">Al Atkins</a> – founder member of <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a>. Still lives in West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bainbridge_(author)" title="John Bainbridge (author)">John Bainbridge</a> – author and countryside access campaigner, born in West Bromwich, raised in Great Barr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Bellin" title="Jana Bellin">Jana Bellin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Birch_(footballer)" title="Alan Birch (footballer)">Alan Birch</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Birch_(footballer,_born_1962)" title="Paul Birch (footballer, born 1962)">Paul Birch</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bull" title="Gary Bull">Gary Bull</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">John Byrne</a> – comic book artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Carroll" title="Madeleine Carroll">Madeleine Carroll</a> – actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Collins_(comics)" title="Mike Collins (comics)">Mike Collins</a> – comic book artist, attended Churchfields High School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Donaldson" title="Stewart Donaldson">Stewart Donaldson</a> – author, positive psychologist, evaluation research scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.K._Downing" class="mw-redirect" title="K.K. Downing">K.K. Downing</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a> guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Farley" title="Reuben Farley">Reuben Farley</a> – first Mayor of West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Ford" title="Clive Ford">Clive Ford</a> – footballer, born in <a href="/wiki/Hateley_Heath" title="Hateley Heath">Hateley Heath</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Griffiths" title="Peter Griffiths">Peter Griffiths</a> – Member of Parliament, born in West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hill" title="Ian Hill">Ian Hill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a> bassist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Howell_(chaplain)" title="David Howell (chaplain)">David Howell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> priest and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Johnson" title="Noel Johnson">Noel Johnson</a> – Actor, original voice of Dick Barton, in radio series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cindy Kent">Cindy Kent</a> – former singer with <a href="/wiki/The_Settlers_(band)" title="The Settlers (band)">The Settlers</a>, later a radio broadcaster<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Lewis" title="Denise Lewis">Denise Lewis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heptathlon" title="Heptathlon">heptathlete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Lynex" title="Steve Lynex">Steve Lynex</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Lynott" title="Phil Lynott">Phil Lynott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thin_Lizzy" title="Thin Lizzy">Thin Lizzy</a> singer and bassist, born in Hallam Hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Marsden" title="Matthew Marsden">Matthew Marsden</a> – actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Notice" title="Horace Notice">Horace Notice</a> – boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Nichols" title="Major Nichols">Major Nichols</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lightweight" title="Lightweight">lightweight</a> <a href="/wiki/Racing_bicycle" title="Racing bicycle">Racing bicycle</a> manufacturer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Parkes_(footballer,_born_1947)" title="Phil Parkes (footballer, born 1947)">Phil Parkes</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> – singer and frontman of <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, born in West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ship" title="Jonathan Ship">Jonathan Ship</a> – cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Shuker" title="Karl Shuker">Karl Shuker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptozoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptozoologist">cryptozoologist</a> and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Skidmore" title="Graham Skidmore">Graham Skidmore</a> – voice artist, game show announcer, singer and photographic model, born in West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Skinner" title="Frank Skinner">Frank Skinner</a> – comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Stephens" title="Larry Stephens">Larry Stephens</a> – comedy scriptwriter, born in West Bromwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Storey" title="Miles Storey">Miles Storey</a> – footballer currently playing for <a href="/wiki/Partick_Thistle_F.C." title="Partick Thistle F.C.">Partick Thistle</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Walden" title="Brian Walden">Brian Walden</a> – Member of Parliament, journalist and broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Webb" title="Steve Webb">Steve Webb</a> – Member of Parliament, and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="need a reliable source showing a connection to West Bromwich (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Woodley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Woodley">Lee Woodley</a> – boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd" title="Betty Boothroyd">Betty Boothroyd</a> – Member of Parliament and Speaker.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Building_Society" title="West Bromwich Building Society">West Bromwich Building Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemont_and_Grove_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlemont and Grove Vale">Charlemont and Grove Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Mountaineering_Club" title="West Bromwich Mountaineering Club">West Bromwich Mountaineering Club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-citypop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroup" class="citation web cs1">Group, Completely. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completelyretail.co.uk/scheme/Kings-Square-Sandwell-Centre-West-Bromwich/index.html">"Kings Square Sandwell Centre, West Bromwich – Completely Retail"</a>. <i>completelyretail.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=completelyretail.co.uk&rft.atitle=Kings+Square+Sandwell+Centre%2C+West+Bromwich+%E2%80%93+Completely+Retail&rft.aulast=Group&rft.aufirst=Completely&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completelyretail.co.uk%2Fscheme%2FKings-Square-Sandwell-Centre-West-Bromwich%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2011/12/08/5m-revamp-for-west-bromwich-shopping-centre/">"£5m revamp for West Bromwich shopping centre"</a>. <i>expressandstar.com</i>. 8 December 2011.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+little+extra+help&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertyweek.com%2Fa-little-extra-help%2F3066474.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2011/08/10/masked-youths-rampage-through-west-bromwich/">"Masked youths rampage through West Bromwich"</a>. <i>expressandstar.com</i>. 10 August 2011.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=West+Bromwich+%28West+Midlands%2C+West+Midlands%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fwestmidlands%2Fwest_midlands%2FE63002828__west_bromwich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591034&cityname=Bromley,+England,+United+Kingdom&units=">"Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Travel+Weather+Averages+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D591034%26cityname%3DBromley%2C%2BEngland%2C%2BUnited%2BKingdom%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weatherbase-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weatherbase_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=591034&cityname=Bromley-England">"Weatherbase.com"</a>. Weatherbase. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weatherbase.com&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather.php3%3Fs%3D591034%26cityname%3DBromley-England&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 4 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707071926/http://www.westbromwichguide.110mb.com/the_town_hall.htm">"West Bromwich Guide: The Town Hall"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westbromwichguide.110mb.com/the_town_hall.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Bromwich+Guide%3A+The+Town+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westbromwichguide.110mb.com%2Fthe_town_hall.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=914">"History of West Bromwich, in Sandwell and Staffordshire – Map and description"</a>. <i>visionofbritain.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visionofbritain.org.uk&rft.atitle=History+of+West+Bromwich%2C+in+Sandwell+and+Staffordshire+%E2%80%93+Map+and+description&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fplace%2Fplace_page.jsp%3Fp_id%3D914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywood2013" class="citation news cs1">Haywood, Bob (19 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/investors-public-west-brom-could-3871460">"Investors in The Public could be set to sue"</a>. <i>Birmingham Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birmingham+Mail&rft.atitle=Investors+in+The+Public+could+be+set+to+sue&rft.date=2013-05-19&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birminghammail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Finvestors-public-west-brom-could-3871460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1001102" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001102?section=official-list-entry">"Dartmouth Park (1001102)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Dartmouth+Park+%281001102%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1001102%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbesHackettHextell2000" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Peter; Hackett, Peter; Hextell, Tim (2000). <i>Birds of the Sandwell Valley</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diamondbuses.com/services/WestMidlands_5.html#westMidlandsTab">the original</a> on 25 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Services+%E2%80%93+West+Midlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiamondbuses.com%2Fservices%2FWestMidlands_5.html%23westMidlandsTab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.school-index.co.uk/urn/104004.php">"school-index.co.uk"</a>. <i>school-index.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=school-index.co.uk&rft.atitle=school-index.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.school-index.co.uk%2Furn%2F104004.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sutton_Coldfield">"Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter"</a>. <i>UK Free TV</i>. 1 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 8 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Wooding2010" class="citation news cs1">Dan Wooding (6 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantoday.com/article/the.next.chapter.in.the.extraordinary.life.of.cindy.kent/26446.htm">"The next chapter in the extraordinary life of Cindy Kent"</a>. <i>Christian Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Today&rft.atitle=The+next+chapter+in+the+extraordinary+life+of+Cindy+Kent&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft.au=Dan+Wooding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Fthe.next.chapter.in.the.extraordinary.life.of.cindy.kent%2F26446.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Bromwich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36169">'West Bromwich: Social life', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17: Offlow hundred (part) (1976), pp. 70–74. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36169. Date accessed: 23 April 2008.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:West_Bromwich" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:West Bromwich">West Bromwich</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_West_Midlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Midlands_County" title="Template:West Midlands County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Midlands_County" title="Template talk:West Midlands County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Midlands_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Midlands County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_West_Midlands" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">City of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Coventry">City of Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Dudley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Dudley">Metropolitan Borough of Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Solihull" title="Metropolitan Borough of Solihull">Metropolitan Borough of Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Walsall" title="Metropolitan Borough of Walsall">Metropolitan Borough of Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">City of Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldridge" title="Aldridge">Aldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilston" title="Bilston">Bilston</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_West_Midlands" title="Blackheath, West Midlands">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloxwich" title="Bloxwich">Bloxwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brierley_Hill" title="Brierley Hill">Brierley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownhills" title="Brownhills">Brownhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsley_Wood" title="Chelmsley Wood">Chelmsley Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coseley" title="Coseley">Coseley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradley_Heath" title="Cradley Heath">Cradley Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlaston" title="Darlaston">Darlaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorridge" title="Dorridge">Dorridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston" title="Edgbaston">Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdington" title="Erdington">Erdington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornal,_West_Midlands" title="Gornal, West Midlands">Gornal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halesowen" title="Halesowen">Halesowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswinford" title="Kingswinford">Kingswinford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowle,_West_Midlands" title="Knowle, West Midlands">Knowle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge" title="Longbridge">Longbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherton,_West_Midlands" title="Netherton, West Midlands">Netherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldbury,_West_Midlands" title="Oldbury, West Midlands">Oldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelsall" title="Pelsall">Pelsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensnett" title="Pensnett">Pensnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry_Bank" title="Quarry Bank">Quarry Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowley_Regis" title="Rowley Regis">Rowley Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgley" title="Sedgley">Sedgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley,_West_Midlands" title="Shirley, West Midlands">Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stourbridge" title="Stourbridge">Stourbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetly" title="Streetly">Streetly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tividale" title="Tividale">Tividale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesfield" title="Wednesfield">Wednesfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Bromwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willenhall" title="Willenhall">Willenhall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordsley" title="Wordsley">Wordsley</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_West_Midlands_(county)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Blythe" title="River Blythe">River Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cole,_West_Midlands" title="River Cole, West Midlands">River Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Penk" title="River Penk">River Penk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rea" title="River Rea">River Rea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saredon_Brook" title="Saredon Brook">Saredon Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smestow_Brook" title="Smestow Brook">Smestow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sherbourne" title="River Sherbourne">River Sherbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sow" title="River Sow">River Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sowe" title="River Sowe">River Sowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Worcestershire" title="River Stour, Worcestershire">River Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_West_Midlands" title="River Tame, West Midlands">River Tame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Canal_Navigations" title="Birmingham Canal Navigations">Birmingham Canal Navigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Union_Canal" title="Shropshire Union Canal">Shropshire Union Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_and_Worcestershire_Canal" title="Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal">Staffordshire & Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_and_Birmingham_Canal" title="Worcester and Birmingham Canal">Worcester & Birmingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in West Midlands">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_West_Midlands_(county)_by_population" title="List of settlements in West Midlands (county) by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in West Midlands">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_the_West_Midlands" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the West Midlands">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_the_West_Midlands_(county)" title="Category:Country houses in the West Midlands (county)">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in West Midlands">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II* listed buildings in West Midlands">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_the_West_Midlands" title="Scheduled monuments in the West Midlands">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_areas_in_the_West_Midlands_(county)" title="List of conservation areas in the West Midlands (county)">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Midlands_County" class="mw-redirect" title="History of West Midlands County">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_West_Midlands" title="Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_the_West_Midlands" title="High Sheriff of the West Midlands">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_West_Midlands" title="List of museums in the West Midlands">Museums</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry/Bedworth_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area">Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_West_Midlands" title="Transport for West Midlands">Transport for West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_conurbation" title="West Midlands conurbation">West Midlands conurbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_West_Midlands" title="Mayor of the West Midlands">Mayor of the West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212826#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212826#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212826#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137319194">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfrKB4FkgDwq9TCfy3RKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4065742-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88278853">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567458205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7039013a-d5de-4766-8ed7-c76886980928">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&oldid=1257537402">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bromwich&oldid=1257537402</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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