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Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="ie ie8"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html class="ie ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk</title> <!-- favicon --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="./data/ijsom/coversheet/favicon.ico" /> <!-- mobile settings --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, maximum-scale=1, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=0" /> <!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible' content='IE=edge,chrome=1'><![endif]--> <!-- user defined metatags --> <meta name="keywords" content="Supply chain,Pricing,Complementary Product,Substitute Products,Game theory,Disruption Risk" /> <meta name="description" content="Nowadays in markets, products are categorized as an independent, substitute, and complementary ones. Being a complementary product could impact the demand for related products, so the pricing of these items could affect the other ones’ demand. To investigate these effects, here a two-echelon supply chain with three manufacturers and a distributor for two substitutes and one complimentary product simultaneously has been investigated. The relationships between the manufacturers and the distributer are modeled by both cooperative and non-cooperative games. Due to political discussions, equipment failure, and natural disasters, our supply chain would confront disruption between the distributor and the manufacturers, which brings dissatisfaction, and the orders could not be fulfilled by manufacturers completely. Above mentioned issues bring variations in wholesalers and distributor prices. The optimal prices for both have been determined in our proposed model by taking advantage of game theories as well. Finally, the effects of key parameters on supply chain decisions and profit functions were investigated and numerical examples were developed to show the performance of the model, and sensitivity analysis was performed on important parameters to derive managerial insights." /> <meta name="title" content="Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="NOODP" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mohsenzadeh, Ashkan" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Arshadi Khamseh, Alireza" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Business Department, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Naderi, Bahman" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering department, Windsor University, Windsor, Canada" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Nowadays in markets, products are categorized as an independent, substitute, and complementary ones. Being a complementary product could impact the demand for related products, so the pricing of these items could affect the other ones’ demand. To investigate these effects, here a two-echelon supply chain with three manufacturers and a distributor for two substitutes and one complimentary product simultaneously has been investigated. The relationships between the manufacturers and the distributer are modeled by both cooperative and non-cooperative games. Due to political discussions, equipment failure, and natural disasters, our supply chain would confront disruption between the distributor and the manufacturers, which brings dissatisfaction, and the orders could not be fulfilled by manufacturers completely. Above mentioned issues bring variations in wholesalers and distributor prices. The optimal prices for both have been determined in our proposed model by taking advantage of game theories as well. Finally, the effects of key parameters on supply chain decisions and profit functions were investigated and numerical examples were developed to show the performance of the model, and sensitivity analysis was performed on important parameters to derive managerial insights." /> <meta name="citation_id" content="2896" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/05/01" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2023-05-01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Supply and Operations Management" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="23831359" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="187" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="208" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Kharazmi University" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2896.html" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2896_bcdee261fbc10dda4d1387e8de67048c.pdf" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk" /> <meta name="DC.Source" content="International Journal of Supply and Operations Management" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="01/05/2023" /> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" content="2023-05-01" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="application/pdf" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Mohsenzadeh, Ashkan" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arshadi Khamseh, Alireza" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Naderi, Bahman" /> <meta name="og:title" content="Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk" /> <meta name="og:description" content="Nowadays in markets, products are categorized as an independent, substitute, and complementary ones. Being a complementary product could impact the demand for related products, so the pricing of these items could affect the other ones’ demand. To investigate these effects, here a two-echelon supply chain with three manufacturers and a distributor for two substitutes and one complimentary product simultaneously has been investigated. The relationships between the manufacturers and the distributer are modeled by both cooperative and non-cooperative games. Due to political discussions, equipment failure, and natural disasters, our supply chain would confront disruption between the distributor and the manufacturers, which brings dissatisfaction, and the orders could not be fulfilled by manufacturers completely. Above mentioned issues bring variations in wholesalers and distributor prices. The optimal prices for both have been determined in our proposed model by taking advantage of game theories as well. Finally, the effects of key parameters on supply chain decisions and profit functions were investigated and numerical examples were developed to show the performance of the model, and sensitivity analysis was performed on important parameters to derive managerial insights." /> <meta name="og:url" content="http://www.ijsom.com/article_2896.html" /> <!-- WEB FONTS : use %7C instead of | (pipe) --> <link href="./themes/base/front/assets/css/social-icon-font.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- CORE CSS --> <link href="./themes/base/front/assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=0.02" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./themes/old/front/assets/css/header.css?v=0.05" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./themes/old/front/assets/css/footer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./inc/css/essentials.css?v=0.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="./inc/css/cookieconsent.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link 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<section class="no-cover-box"> <div class="row"> <!-- CENTER --> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-8" id="dv_artcl"> <!-- Current Issue --> <div> <h1 class="margin-bottom-20 size-18 ltr"><span class="article_title bold"> Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk</span></h1> <div> <div class="margin-bottom-3"> </div> <p class="margin-bottom-3">Document Type : Research Paper</p> <p class="padding-0" style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Authors</strong></p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-seprator margin-bottom-6 ltr"> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=106519&_au=Ashkan++mohsenzadeh">Ashkan mohsenzadeh</a> <sup><a href="#aff1" >1</a></sup> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=102762&_au=Alireza++Arshadi+Khamseh">Alireza Arshadi Khamseh</a> <sup><a href="mailto:alireza.arshadikhamseh@gmail.com" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Email to Corresponding Author"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" ></i></a></sup> <sup><a href="#aff2" >2</a></sup> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a href="./?_action=article&au=117472&_au=Bahman++Naderi">Bahman Naderi</a> <sup><a href="#aff3" >3</a></sup> </li> </ul> <p class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="aff1"> <sup>1</sup> Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran </p> <p class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="aff2"> <sup>2</sup> Business Department, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey </p> <p class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="aff3"> <sup>3</sup> Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering department, Windsor University, Windsor, Canada </p> <div class="margin-bottom-3 ltr" id="ar_doi" title="DOI"><i class="ai ai-doi size-25 text-orange"></i> <span dir="ltr"><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903">10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903</a></span></div> <p style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <div class="padding_abstract justify ltr">Nowadays in markets, products are categorized as an independent, substitute, and complementary ones. Being a complementary product could impact the demand for related products, so the pricing of these items could affect the other ones’ demand. To investigate these effects, here a two-echelon supply chain with three manufacturers and a distributor for two substitutes and one complimentary product simultaneously has been investigated. The relationships between the manufacturers and the distributer are modeled by both cooperative and non-cooperative games. Due to political discussions, equipment failure, and natural disasters, our supply chain would confront disruption between the distributor and the manufacturers, which brings dissatisfaction, and the orders could not be fulfilled by manufacturers completely. Above mentioned issues bring variations in wholesalers and distributor prices. The optimal prices for both have been determined in our proposed model by taking advantage of game theories as well. Finally, the effects of key parameters on supply chain decisions and profit functions were investigated and numerical examples were developed to show the performance of the model, and sensitivity analysis was performed on important parameters to derive managerial insights.</div> <p class="padding-0" style="margin:12px -2px 0 -2px"><strong>Keywords</strong></p> <ul class="block list-inline list-inline-seprator margin-bottom-6 ltr"> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105097&_kw=Supply+Chain" >Supply Chain</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105451&_kw=Pricing" >Pricing</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106364&_kw=Complementary+Product" >Complementary Product</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106365&_kw=Substitute+Products" >Substitute Products</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=105448&_kw=Game+Theory" >Game Theory</a> </li> <li class="padding-3"> <a class="tag_a" href="./?_action=article&kw=106366&_kw=Disruption+Risk" >Disruption Risk</a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <div class="page_break"></div> <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading card-header"> <h4 class="panel-title "> <a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordions" href="#collapsesRef"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> References</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapsesRef" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <div class="panel-body justify"> <div class="padding-3 margin-top-3 ltr justify"><h1><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ai, X., Chen, J. , Zhao, H. , and Tang, X.(2012). 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The impact of supply disruption risk on a retailer’s pricing and procurement strategies in the presence of a substitute product. <em>Journal of Retailing,</em> Vol. <em> </em>97(3), pp. 359-376.</span></h1> <h1><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Liu, Z., Li,M., and Zhai,X.(2022). Managing supply chain disruption threat via a strategy combining pricing and self-protection. <em>International Journal of Production Economics,</em> Vol. 247, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107433">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107433</a>.</span></h1></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /CENTER --> <!-- LEFT --> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4"> <div class="panel panel-default my_panel-default margin-bottom-10"> <div class="panel-body ar_info_pnl" id="ar_info_pnl_cover"> <div id="pnl_cover"> <div class="row" > <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6 nomargin-bottom"> <a href="javascript:loadModal('International Journal of Supply and Operations Management', './data/ijsom/coversheet/cover_en.jpg')"> <img src="data/ijsom/coversheet/cover_en.jpg" alt="International Journal of Supply and Operations Management" style="width: 100%;"> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6 nomargin-bottom"> <h6><a href="./issue_536_538.html">Volume 10, Issue 2</a><br/>May 2023<div 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class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#ar_info_pnl_st"><i class="fa fa-bar-chart" aria-hidden="true"></i> Statistics</a></h3> </div> <div id="ar_info_pnl_st" class="panel-collapse collapse in"> <div class="panel-body ar_info_pnl"> <ul class="list-group list-group-bordered list-group-noicon" style="display:block !important;max-height:9999px"> <li class="list-group-item"><a class="tag_a">Article View: <i>953</i></a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a class="tag_a">PDF Download: <i>469</i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /LEFT --> </div> </section> <div id="cite-apa" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">APA</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>mohsenzadeh, A., Arshadi Khamseh, A., & Naderi, B. (2023). Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk. <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 10(2), 187-208. doi: 10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-mla" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">MLA</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Ashkan mohsenzadeh; Alireza Arshadi Khamseh; Bahman Naderi. "Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk". <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 10, 2, 2023, 187-208. doi: 10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-harvard" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">HARVARD</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>mohsenzadeh, A., Arshadi Khamseh, A., Naderi, B. (2023). 'Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk', <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 10(2), pp. 187-208. doi: 10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cite-vancouver" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- Modal Header --> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">VANCOUVER</h4> </div> <!-- Modal Body --> <div class="modal-body"> <p>mohsenzadeh, A., Arshadi Khamseh, A., Naderi, B. Pricing Models for a Two-echelon Supply Chain with Substitute and Complementary Products Considering Disruption Risk. <em>International Journal of Supply and Operations Management</em>, 2023; 10(2): 187-208. doi: 10.22034/ijsom.2022.108726.1903</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /MAIN CONTENT --> <!-- Subscribe --> <section class="alternate padding-xxs"> </section> <!-- /Subscribe --> <!-- FOOTER --> <div class="container"> <footer id="footer"> <div class="scrollup" id="scroll" href="#"><span></span></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <!-- Links --> <h4 class="">Explore Journal</h4> <ul class="footer-links list-unstyled"> <li id="fli_home"><a href="./">Home</a></li> <li id="fli_about"><a href="./journal/about">About Journal</a></li> <li id="fli_Edb"><a href="./journal/editorial.board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li id="fli_submit"><a href="./author">Submit Manuscript</a></li> <li id="fli_contactus"><a href="./journal/contact.us">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="fli_glossary"><a href="./journal/glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li id="fli_order_hrdj"><a href="./journal/subscription.form">Hard Copy Subscription</a></li> <li id="fli_sitemap"><a href="./sitemap.xml?usr">Sitemap</a></li> </ul> <!-- /Links --> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <!-- Latest News --> <h4 class="">Latest News</h4> <ul class="footer-posts list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="./news?newsCode=173">SD of ISC: Sustainable Development of Intelligent Supply Chains based on Trends and Future Directions: Application of Novel Solution Techniques</a> <small class="ltr">2023-03-05</small> </li> </ul> <!-- /Latest News --> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <!-- Footer Note --> <div><p><a title="Linkedin" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/ijsom?trk=eml-cp_mktg-btn-welcome-20120607%2F"><img src="images/linkedin.jpg" alt="linkedin" /></a></p></div> <!-- /Footer Note --> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <!-- Newsletter Form --> <h4 class="">Newsletter Subscription</h4> <p>Subscribe to the journal newsletter and receive the latest news and updates</p> <form class="validate" action="" method="post" data-success="Subscription saved successfully." data-toastr-position="bottom-right"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="7ede4837ac2aae51b1ab2da2203c97ee0a068a190d20653a"/> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></span> <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required="required" class="form-control required sbs_email" placeholder="Enter your Email" oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Enter a valid email address.')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-primary mybtn" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </span> </div> </form> <!-- /Newsletter Form --> <!-- Social Icons --> <div class="margin-top-20"> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Twitter"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="" target="_blank" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-facebook pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Linkedin"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a class="noborder" href="./ju.rss" class="social-icon social-icon-border social-rss pull-left block" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Rss"><i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright" style="position: relative"> <ul class="nomargin list-inline mobile-block"> <li>© Journal Management System. <span id='sp_crt'>Powered by <a target='_blank' href='https://www.sinaweb.net/'>Sinaweb</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> <!-- /FOOTER --> </div> <!-- /wrapper --> <!-- SCROLL TO TOP --> <a href="#" id="toTop_old"></a> <!-- PRELOADER --> <div id="preloader"> <div class="inner"> <span class="loader"></span> </div> </div><!-- /PRELOADER --> <!-- JAVASCRIPT FILES --> <script type="text/javascript">var plugin_path = './themes/base/front/assets/plugins/';</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="./themes/base/front/assets/js/scripts.js?v=0.02"></script> <!-- user defined scripts--> <!-- Extra Script Scripts --> <script type="text/javascript"> $('ul.nav li.dropdown').hover(function() { if (window.matchMedia('(max-width: 767px)').matches) return; 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