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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="web tlp-clear" data-studio-config="eyJ4aHJDcmVkZW50aWFscyI6ZmFsc2UsInhockhlYWRlcnMiOnt9fQo="><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Common Vulnerability Scoring System</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Common Vulnerability Scoring System" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.first.org/cvss/identity/cvssv4.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.first.org/cvss/v3-1/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="FIRST — Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams" /> <meta property="fb:profile_id" content="296983660669109" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@FIRSTdotOrg" /> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://www.first.org/cvss/identity/cvssv4.png" /><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no" /><link 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href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4-0">CVSS v4.0 Documentation & Resources</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">CVSS v4.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">CVSS v4.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">CVSS v4.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">CVSS v4.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">CVSS v4.0 FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-1">CVSS v3.1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.1">CVSS v3.1 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/specification-document">CVSS v3.1 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/user-guide">CVSS v3.1 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/examples">CVSS v3.1 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/use-design">CVSS v3.1 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-0">CVSS v3.0 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.0">CVSS v3.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/specification-document">CVSS v3.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/user-guide">CVSS v3.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/examples">CVSS v3.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/use-design">CVSS v3.0 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2">CVSS v2 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v2/guide">CVSS v2 Complete Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/history">CVSS v2 History</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/team">CVSS-SIG team</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/meetings">SIG Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/adopters">CVSS Adopters</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/links">CVSS Links</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1">CVSS v1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v1/intro">Introduction to CVSS</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/guide">Complete CVSS v1 Guide</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/data-representations">JSON & XML Data Representations</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/training">CVSS On-Line Training Course</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/identity">Identity & logo usage</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/csirt">CSIRT Framework Development SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance">Cyber Insurance SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cyberinsurance/events">Cyber Insurance SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti">Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/">Curriculum</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-introduction">Introduction to CTI as a General topic</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/methods-methodology">Methods and Methodology</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/pir">Priority Intelligence Requirement (PIR)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/source-evaluation">Source Evaluation and Information Reliability</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/machine-human">Machine and Human Analysis Techniques (and Intelligence Cycle)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/threat-modelling">Threat Modelling</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/training">Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/curriculum/cti-reporting/">Communicating Uncertainties in CTI Reporting</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/events/">Webinars and Online Training</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program">Building a CTI program and team</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/program-stages">Program maturity stages</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage1">CTI Maturity model - Stage 1</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage2">CTI Maturity model - Stage 2</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/stage3">CTI Maturity model - Stage 3</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/starter-kit">Program Starter Kit</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cti/cti-program/resources">Resources and supporting materials</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/digital-safety">Digital Safety SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns">DNS Abuse SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/policies">Code of Conduct & Other Policies</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/dns/dns-abuse-examples">Examples of DNS Abuse</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics">Ethics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/ethics/ethics-first">Ethics for Incident Response Teams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/">Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/model">The EPSS Model</a></li><li><a href="/epss/data_stats">Data and Statistics</a></li><li><a href="/epss/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/epss/research">EPSS Research and Presentations</a></li><li><a href="/epss/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/epss/who_is_using">Who is using EPSS?</a></li><li><a href="/epss/epss_tools">Open-source EPSS Tools</a></li><li><a href="/epss/api">API</a></li><li><a href="/epss/papers">Related Exploit Research</a></li><li><a>Blog</a><ul><li><a href="/epss/articles/prob_percentile_bins">Understanding EPSS Probabilities and Percentiles</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/log4shell">Log4Shell Use Case</a></li><li><a href="/epss/articles/estimating_old_cvss">Estimating CVSS v3 Scores for 100,000 Older Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/epss/partners">Data Partners</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/msr/">FIRST Multi-Stakeholder Ransomware SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/hfs/">Human Factors in Security SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ics">Industrial Control Systems SIG (ICS-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/iep">Information Exchange Policy SIG (IEP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing">Information Sharing SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/information-sharing/misp">Malware Information Sharing Platform</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/le">Law Enforcement SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware">Malware Analysis SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework">Malware Analysis Framework</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/malware/ma-framework/malwaretools">Malware Analysis Tools</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics">Metrics SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/metrics/events">Metrics SIG Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/netsec/">NETSEC SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/passive-dns">Passive DNS Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/policy">Policy SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/psirt">PSIRT SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/red-team">Red Team SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/cpg">Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/ctf">Security Lounge SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/">Threat Intel Coalition SIG</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/tic/membership-rules">Membership Requirements and Veto Rules</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/tlp">Traffic Light Protocol (TLP-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/transport">Transportation and Mobility SIG</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination">Vulnerability Coordination</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty">Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vulnerability-coordination/multiparty/guidelines">Guidelines and Practices for Multi-Party Vulnerability Coordination and Disclosure</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx">Vulnerability Reporting and Data eXchange SIG (VRDX-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/global/sigs/vrdx/vdb-catalog">Vulnerability Database Catalog</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/wof">Women of FIRST</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/governance">Internet Governance</a></li><li><a href="/global/irt-database">IR Database</a></li><li><a href="/global/fellowship">Fellowship Program</a><ul><li><a href="https://portal.first.org/fellowship">Application Form</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/mentorship">Mentorship Program</a></li><li><a href="/hof">IR Hall of Fame</a><ul><li><a href="/hof/inductees">Hall of Fame Inductees</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/victim-notification">Victim Notification</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/">Volunteers at FIRST</a><ul><li><a href="/volunteers/list">FIRST Volunteers</a></li><li><a href="/volunteers/participation">Volunteer Contribution Record</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new">Previous Activities</a><ul><li><a href="/global/practices">Best Practices Contest</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/standards">Standards & Publications</a><ul><li><a href="/standards">Standards</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss">Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)</a></li><li><a href="/tlp">Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)</a><ul><li><a href="/tlp/use-cases">TLP Use Cases</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/">Service Frameworks</a><ul><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/csirts">CSIRT Services Framework</a></li><li><a href="/standards/frameworks/psirts">PSIRT Services Framework</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/iep">Information Exchange Policy (IEP)</a><ul><li><a href="/iep/iep_framework_2_0">IEP 2.0 Framework</a></li><li><a href="/iep/iep-json-2_0">IEP 2.0 JSON Specification</a></li><li><a href="/iep/iep-polices">Standard IEP Policies</a><ul><li><a href="https://www.first.org/iep/2.0/first-tlp-iep.iepj">IEP TLP Policy File</a></li><li><a href="https://www.first.org/iep/2.0/first-unknown-iep.iepj">IEP Unknown Policy File</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/iep/iep_v1_0">IEP 1.0 Archive</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/global/sigs/passive-dns">Passive DNS Exchange</a></li><li><a href="/epss">Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/resources/papers">Publications</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/events">Events</a></li><li><a href="/education">Education</a><ul><li><a href="/education/first-training">FIRST Training</a><ul><li><a href="/education/trainings">Training Courses</a></li><li><a href="/education/trainers">FIRST Trainers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog">Blog</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="home-buttons"> <p><a href="/join" data-title="Join"><img alt="Join" src="/_/img/icon-join.svg"><span class="tt-join">Join<span>Details about FIRST membership and joining as a full member or liaison.</span></span></a> <a href="/learn" data-title="Learn"><img alt="Learn" src="/_/img/icon-learn.svg"><span class="tt-learn">Learn<span>Training and workshop opportunities, and details about the FIRST learning platform.</span></span></a> <a href="/participate" data-title="Participate"><img alt="Participate" src="/_/img/icon-participate.svg"><span class="tt-participate">Participate<span>Read about upcoming events, SIGs, and know what is going on.</span></span></a></p> </div></div></div></header><div id="body" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c1" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g" class="h2labels darkgreen subbox"><h1 id="Common-Vulnerability-Scoring-System-Version-3-1">Common Vulnerability Scoring System Version 3.1</h1></div><div id="c2" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g" class="h3labels"><p>Links on the left lead to CVSS version 3.1's specification and related resources.</p> <p>A <a href="https://learn.first.org">self-paced on-line training course</a> is available for CVSS v3.1. It explains the standard without assuming any prior CVSS experience.</p></div></div><div id="navbar" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c5" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><ul class="navbar"><li><a href="/cvss">Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4-0">CVSS v4.0 Documentation & Resources</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/4.0">CVSS v4.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/specification-document">CVSS v4.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/user-guide">CVSS v4.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/examples">CVSS v4.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v4.0/faq">CVSS v4.0 FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-1">CVSS v3.1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.1">CVSS v3.1 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/specification-document">CVSS v3.1 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/user-guide">CVSS v3.1 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/examples">CVSS v3.1 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.1/use-design">CVSS v3.1 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3-0">CVSS v3.0 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/calculator/3.0">CVSS v3.0 Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/specification-document">CVSS v3.0 Specification Document</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/user-guide">CVSS v3.0 User Guide</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/examples">CVSS v3.0 Examples</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v3.0/use-design">CVSS v3.0 Calculator Use & Design</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2">CVSS v2 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v2/guide">CVSS v2 Complete Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/history">CVSS v2 History</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/team">CVSS-SIG team</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/meetings">SIG Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/adopters">CVSS Adopters</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v2/links">CVSS Links</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1">CVSS v1 Archive</a><ul><li><a href="/cvss/v1/intro">Introduction to CVSS</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/v1/guide">Complete CVSS v1 Guide</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cvss/data-representations">JSON & XML Data Representations</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/training">CVSS On-Line Training Course</a></li><li><a href="/cvss/identity">Identity & logo usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="sidebar" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c6" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><p><img src="/cvss/img/cvss-sig-first.png" alt="Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)" title="Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS-SIG)" /> </p></div><div id="c7" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g" class="h3labels subbox"><h3 id="Chairs">Chairs</h3> <ul> <li>Darius Wiles</li> <li>Dave Dugal</li> </ul></div></div><footer><div id="footer" data-studio="CU52CV1W8g"><div id="c3" data-studio="Yu8FjCC11g"><div class="content"> <div class="support"> <div class="kbsearch bottom"> <p><a href="https://support.first.org"><img src="/_/img/icon-portal_support.svg" alt="FIRST Support" title="FIRST Support" /></a> <input class="kb-search" type="search" placeholder="Do you need help?"></p> </div> </div> <div id="socialnetworks"><a href="/about/sdg" title="FIRST Supported Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)" class="icon-sdg"></a><a rel="me" href="https://infosec.exchange/@firstdotorg" target="_blank" title="@FIRSTdotOrg@infosec.exchange" class="icon-mastodon"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/FIRSTdotOrg" target="_blank" title="Twitter @FIRSTdotOrg" class="icon-tw"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/firstdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at LinkedIn" class="icon-linkedin"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Facebook" class="icon-fb"></a><a href="https://github.com/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Github" class="icon-github"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/FIRSTdotorg" target="_blank" title="FIRST.Org at Youtube" class="icon-youtube"></a><a href="/podcasts" title="FIRST.Org Podcasts" class="icon-podcast"></a></div> <p><a href="/copyright">Copyright</a> © 2015—2024 by Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, Inc. 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