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Epithets and functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epithets_and_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Mythology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mythology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Birth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_men" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_men"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Relations with men </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_men-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divine_retribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divine_retribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Divine retribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divine_retribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Actaeon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actaeon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Actaeon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actaeon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niobe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niobe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Niobe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niobe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Orion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Callisto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Callisto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4 Callisto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Callisto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Minor myths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trojan_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trojan_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Trojan War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trojan_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Worship </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Worship subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Attributes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attributes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Attributes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Attributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virginity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virginity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Virginity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virginity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_mother_goddess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_mother_goddess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 As a mother goddess </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_mother_goddess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_the_Lady_of_Ephesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_the_Lady_of_Ephesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 As the Lady of Ephesus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_the_Lady_of_Ephesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_lunar_deity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_lunar_deity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 As a lunar deity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_lunar_deity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_Hecate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_Hecate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 As Hecate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_Hecate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chariots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chariots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.1 Chariots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chariots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spears,_nets,_and_lyre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spears,_nets,_and_lyre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.2 Spears, nets, and lyre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spears,_nets,_and_lyre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.3 Deer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting_dog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting_dog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.4 Hunting dog </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting_dog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.5 Bear </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.6 Boar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea_fowl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea_fowl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.7 Guinea fowl </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea_fowl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buzzard_hawk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buzzard_hawk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.8 Buzzard hawk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buzzard_hawk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bull" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bull"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.9 Bull </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bull-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.10 Torch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaic_and_classical_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaic_and_classical_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Archaic and classical art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaic_and_classical_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 In astronomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 In taxonomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_modern_spaceflight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_modern_spaceflight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 In modern spaceflight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_modern_spaceflight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Genealogy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Artemis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" > 100 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="أرتميس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرتميس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD_(%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB)" title="Արտեմիս (աստուածուհի) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արտեմիս (աստուածուհի)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A" title="আৰ্টিমিচ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰ্টিমিচ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="آرتمیدا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرتمیدا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="আর্তেমিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্তেমিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артэміда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Артэміда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артэміда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Артэміда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rtemis" title="Àrtemis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àrtemis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άρτεμις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άρτεμις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemiso" title="Artemiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artemiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آرتمیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرتمیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A9mis" title="Artémis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artémis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaim%C3%ADs" title="Artaimís – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Artaimís" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="아르테미스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르테미스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Արտեմիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արտեմիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="आर्टेमिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्टेमिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemide" title="Artemide – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artemide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1" title="ארטמיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארטמיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A9mis" title="Artémis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Artémis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರ್ಟೆಮಿಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಟೆಮಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="არტემიდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არტემიდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemi" title="Artemi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Artemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem%C3%AEs" title="Artemîs – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Artemîs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem%C4%ABda" title="Artemīda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Artemīda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemid%C4%97" title="Artemidė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artemidė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisz" title="Artemisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Artemisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആർട്ടിമിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിമിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="आर्टेमिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्टेमिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ارتميس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارتميس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯃꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯃꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_(mythologie)" title="Artemis (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artemis (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9" title="アルテミス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルテミス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8mis" title="Artèmis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Artèmis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਆਰਟੇਮਿਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਟੇਮਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3" title="آرتیمس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرتیمس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_(Mythologie)" title="Artemis (Mythologie) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Artemis (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rtemis" title="Ártemis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ártemis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisa" title="Artemisa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Artemisa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ආර්ටිමිස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආර්ටිමිස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artemis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="آرتميس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرتميس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_(bohy%C5%88a)" title="Artemis (bohyňa) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artemis (bohyňa)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Артемида" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida" title="Artemida – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artemida" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Goddess of the hunt and the wild in ancient Greek religion and mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Artemis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Artemis (disambiguation)">Artemis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Artemis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Goddess of nature, childbirth, wildlife, healing, the hunt, sudden death, animals, virginity, young women, and archery</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg/220px-Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg/330px-Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg/440px-Diane_de_Versailles_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_Ma_589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="3990" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Diana_of_Versailles" title="Diana of Versailles">Diana of Versailles</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> copy of a <a href="/wiki/Art_in_ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Art in ancient Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leochares" title="Leochares">Leochares</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abode</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">Planet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animals</th><td class="infobox-data">deer, serpent, dog, boar, goat, bear, quail, <a href="/wiki/Common_buzzard" title="Common buzzard">buzzard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guineafowl" title="Guineafowl">guineafowl</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">bow and arrows, crescent moon, animal pelts, spear, knives, torch, lyre, <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data">cypress, palm, walnut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mount</th><td class="infobox-data">A golden chariot driven by four golden-horned deer</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Delos" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Delos">Island of Delos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> (twin), <a href="/wiki/Zeus#Offspring" title="Zeus">many paternal half-siblings</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Equivalents</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Etruscan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artume" title="Artume">Artume</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Roman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Category:Ancient Greek religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Laurel wreath"><img alt="Laurel wreath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg/80px-Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg/120px-Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg/160px-Greek_Roman_Laurel_wreath_with_branches_vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="447" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Mycenaean religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenaean deities">Mycenaean deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan Civilization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Sacred Places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Sacred Islands</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(island)" title="Ithaca (island)">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Sacred Mountains</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lykaion" title="Mount Lykaion">Mount Lykaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida (Crete)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kyllini" title="Mount Kyllini">Mount Kyllini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Othrys" title="Mount Othrys">Mount Othrys</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Sanctuaries</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Other</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Zeus">Cave of Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Greek_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"><table class="sidebar-subgroup" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6ffff;color:black;"> <a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 1.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6ffff;color:black;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 1.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6ffff;color:black;"> <a href="/wiki/Chthonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonic">Chthonic deities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 1.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptolemus" title="Triptolemus">Triptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophonius" title="Trophonius">Trophonius</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6ffff;color:black;"> Lesser deities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 1.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_(god)" title="Boreas (god)">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_Egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic Egg">Orphic Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld and Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miasma_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miasma (Greek mythology)">Miasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">Daimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Heroic_Age" title="Greek Heroic Age">Greek Heroic Age</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Divine and Reality</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apeiron" title="Apeiron">Apeiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_forms" title="Theory of forms">Theory of forms</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(philosophy)" title="Anamnesis (philosophy)">Anamnesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatheia" title="Apatheia">Apatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episteme" title="Episteme">Episteme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch%C3%A9" title="Epoché">Epoché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalepsis" title="Katalepsis">Katalepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nous" title="Nous">Nous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Soul</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anima_mundi" title="Anima mundi">Anima mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metempsychosis" title="Metempsychosis">Metempsychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_theory_of_soul" title="Plato's theory of soul">Plato's theory of soul</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule#Ancient_Greece" title="Golden Rule">Ethic of Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_maxims" title="Delphic maxims">Delphic maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiaphora" title="Adiaphora">Adiaphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathekon" title="Kathekon">Kathekon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikei%C3%B4sis" title="Oikeiôsis">Oikeiôsis</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Worship</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">Agalma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dithyramb" title="Dithyramb">Dithyramb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean" title="Paean">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgion" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgion">Orgion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiera_Orgas" title="Hiera Orgas">Hiera Orgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Sacrifices and Offerings</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_(sacrifice)" title="Holocaust (sacrifice)">Holokaustos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libation#Ancient_Greece" title="Libation">Libation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">Votive offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Ancient_Greece" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal Sacrifice</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Temples and holy sites</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">Temenos</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Meditation and Charity</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Rites of passage</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral Rites</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#dbf1f1; border-top:0px dashed">Festivals</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysia" title="Dionysia">Dionysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnephoria" title="Daphnephoria">Daphnephoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrephoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrephoria">Arrephoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronia" title="Kronia">Kronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis#Local_cult" title="Nemesis">Genesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyanopsia" title="Pyanopsia">Pyanopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalceia" title="Chalceia">Khalkeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloa" title="Haloa">Haloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halieia" title="Halieia">Halieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thargelia" title="Thargelia">Thargelia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Three Monthly Festivals</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deipnon" title="Deipnon">Deipnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noumenia" title="Noumenia">Noumenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon" title="Agathodaemon">Agathodaemon</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Religious Games</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathenaia">Panathenaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleia_(festival)" title="Heracleia (festival)">Herakleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Games" title="Panhellenic Games">Panhellenic Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neopythagoreanism" title="Neopythagoreanism">Neopythagoreanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Platonism" title="Middle Platonism">Middle Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"> <dl><dd>Ancient</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Syros" title="Pherecydes of Syros">Pherecydes of Syros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophanes" title="Xenophanes">Xenophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian (emperor)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Corpus Hermeticum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_maxims" title="Delphic maxims">Delphic maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derveni_papyrus" title="Derveni papyrus">Derveni papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;;background:#cef2e0 ;padding-top:0.15em;padding-left:0.25em; text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Other Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0;background:white; border: 2px solid white; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_sanctuaries_in_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greek sanctuaries in Greece">Pilgrimage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Greco-Roman_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism">Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_tolerance_of_Paganism_from_Julian_until_Valens" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration and tolerance of Paganism from Julian until Valens">Julian restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(religion)#21st_century_and_official_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenism (religion)">Modern Restoration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/16px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/24px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /> <a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">ancient Greek religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a>, Artemis (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɑːrtɪmɪs/</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ἄρτεμις) is the <a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">goddess</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a>, wild animals, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourotrophos" title="Kourotrophos">care of children</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">chastity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:merr-2">[2]</a> In later times, she was identified with <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">personification of the Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:smt-3">[3]</a> She was often said to roam the forests and mountains, attended by her entourage of <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymphs</a>. The goddess <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> is her <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> equivalent. In Greek tradition, Artemis is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>, and twin sister of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. In most accounts, the twins are the products of an extramarital liaison. For this, Zeus' wife <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> forbade Leto from giving birth anywhere on solid land. Only the island of <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a> gave refuge to Leto, allowing her to give birth to her children. In one account, Artemis is born first and then proceeds to assist Leto in the birth of the second twin, Apollo.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Artemis was a <a href="/wiki/Kourotrophos" title="Kourotrophos">kourotrophic</a> (child-nurturing) deity, that is the patron and protector of young children, especially young girls. Artemis was worshipped as one of the primary goddesses of childbirth and midwifery along with <a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a> and Hera. Artemis was also a patron of healing and disease, particularly among women and children, and believed to send both good health and illness upon women and children. Artemis was one of the three major <a href="/wiki/Virgin_goddess" title="Virgin goddess">virgin goddesses</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a>. Artemis preferred to remain an unmarried <a href="/wiki/Virginity" title="Virginity">maiden</a> and was one of the three Greek goddesses over whom <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> had no power.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In myth and literature, Artemis is presented as a hunting goddess of the woods, surrounded by her chaste band of nymphs. In the myth of <a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a>, when the young hunter sees her bathing naked, he is transformed into a deer by the angered goddess and is then devoured by his own hunting dogs, who do not recognize their master. In the story of <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a>, the girl is driven away from Artemis' company after breaking her vow of virginity, having lain with and been impregnated by Zeus. In the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic tradition</a>, Artemis halted the winds blowing the Greek ships during the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, stranding the Greek fleet in <a href="/wiki/Aulis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Aulis (ancient Greece)">Aulis</a>, after King <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>, the leader of the expedition, shot and killed her sacred deer. Artemis demanded the sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>, Agamemnon's young daughter, as compensation for her slain deer. In most versions, when Iphigenia is led to the altar to be offered as a sacrifice, Artemis pities her and takes her away, leaving a deer in her place. In the war that followed, Artemis supported the Trojans against the Greeks, and she challenged Hera in battle. Artemis was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities; her worship spread throughout ancient Greece, with her multiple temples, altars, shrines, and local veneration found everywhere in the ancient world. Her great <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> was one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, before it was burnt to the ground. Artemis' symbols included a bow and arrow, a quiver, and hunting knives, and the <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cupressus" title="Cupressus">cypress</a> were sacred to her. Diana, her Roman <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">equivalent</a>, was especially worshipped on the <a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Lake Nemi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alban_Hills" title="Alban Hills">Alban Hills</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Art%C3%A9mis_(Diane)_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG/260px-0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG/390px-0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG/520px-0_Art%C3%A9mis_%28Diane%29_-_Galleria_dei_Candelabri_-_Vatican.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="3855" /></a><figcaption> Artémis (Diane), the huntress. Roman copy of a Greek statue, 2nd century. Galleria dei Candelabri - <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></figcaption></figure> The name "Artemis" (<a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">n.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender (linguistics)">f.</a>) is of unknown or uncertain etymology,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Babiniotis-8">[8]</a> although various sources have been proposed. <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R.S.P. Beekes</a> suggested that the e/i interchange points to a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Greek">Pre-Greek</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-:2-9">[9]</a> Artemis was venerated in <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> as Artimus.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Babiniotis" title="Georgios Babiniotis">Georgios Babiniotis</a>, while accepting that the etymology is unknown, also states that the name is already attested in Mycenean Greek and is possibly of pre-Greek origin.<a href="#cite_note-Babiniotis-8">[8]</a> The name may be related to <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> árktos "<a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>" (from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">PIE</a> *h₂ŕ̥tḱos), supported by the bear cult the goddess had in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brauronia#Cult_of_Artemis_Brauronia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brauronia">Brauronia</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> remains at the <a href="/wiki/Arkoudiotissa_Cave" title="Arkoudiotissa Cave">Arkoudiotissa Cave</a>, as well as the story of Callisto, which was originally about Artemis (<a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadian</a> epithet kallisto);<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> this cult was a survival of very old totemic and shamanistic rituals and formed part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Bear_worship" title="Bear worship">bear cult</a> found further afield in other <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a> cultures (e.g., Gaulish <a href="/wiki/Artio" title="Artio">Artio</a>). It is believed that a precursor of Artemis was worshipped in <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan Crete</a> as the goddess of mountains and hunting, <a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a>. While connection with <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> names has been suggested,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> the earliest attested forms of the name Artemis are the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style>𐀀𐀳𐀖𐀵, a-te-mi-to /Artemitos/ (<a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">gen.</a>) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035">𐀀𐀴𐀖𐀳, a-ti-mi-te /Artimitei/ (<a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dat.</a>), written in <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-9">[9]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Theodor_Jablonski" title="Johann Theodor Jablonski">J.T. Jablonski</a>, the name is also <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygian</a> and could be "compared with the royal appellation Artemas of <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Anthon1855-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthon" title="Charles Anthon">Charles Anthon</a> argued that the primitive root of the name is probably of Persian origin from *arta, *art, *arte, all meaning "great, excellent, holy", thus Artemis "becomes identical with the great mother of Nature, even as she was worshiped at Ephesus".<a href="#cite_note-Anthon1855-18">[18]</a> Anton Goebel "suggests the root στρατ or ῥατ, 'to shake', and makes Artemis mean the thrower of the dart or the shooter".<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Lang-19">[19]</a> Ancient Greek writers, by way of <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>, and some modern scholars, have linked Artemis (Doric Artamis) to ἄρταμος, artamos, i.e. "butcher"<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> or, like <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> did in <a href="/wiki/Cratylus_(dialogue)" title="Cratylus (dialogue)">Cratylus</a>, to ἀρτεμής, artemḗs, i.e. "safe", "unharmed", "uninjured", "pure", "the stainless maiden".<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Lang-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anthon1855-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> A.J. van Windekens tried to explain both ἀρτεμής and Artemis from ἀτρεμής, atremḗs, meaning "unmoved, calm; stable, firm" via <a href="/wiki/Metathesis_(linguistics)" title="Metathesis (linguistics)">metathesis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis,_Parian_pottery_plate,_675-600_BC,_AM_Mykonos,_177233.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg/280px-Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg/420px-Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg/560px-Artemis%2C_Parian_pottery_plate%2C_675-600_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_177233.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>Artemis as Mistress of Animals, <a href="/wiki/Paros" title="Paros">Parian</a> pottery, 675–600 BCE. Hypothetical restoration (only some parts have been preserved). <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Mykonos" title="Archaeological Museum of Mykonos">Archaeological Museum of Mykonos</a>.</figcaption></figure> Artemis is presented as a goddess who delights in hunting and punishes harshly those who cross her. Artemis' wrath is proverbial, and represents the hostility of wild nature to humans.<a href="#cite_note-:merr-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> calls her πότνια θηρῶν, "the mistress of animals", a title associated with representations in art going back as far as the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, showing a woman between a pair of animals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page224mode2upqviewtheater_p.225]-25">[25]</a> Artemis carries with her certain functions and characteristics of a <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> form whose history was lost in the myths.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Artemis was one of the most popular goddesses in Ancient Greece. The most frequent name of a month in the Greek calendars was Artemision in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionic</a>, territories Artemisios or Artamitios in the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Doric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a> territories and in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Macedonia">Macedonia</a>. Also Elaphios in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolion</a> in Athens, <a href="/wiki/Iasos" title="Iasos">Iasos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Chalcidice)" title="Apollonia (Chalcidice)">Apollonia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chalkidice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalkidice">Chalkidice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In the calendars of <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gytheion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gytheion">Gytheion</a> there was the month <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphrios</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantion" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantion">Byzantion</a> the month <a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleios</a>. The goddess was venerated in festivals during spring.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In some cults she retains the theriomorphic form of a Pre-Greek goddess who was conceived with the shape of a bear (άρκτος árktos: bear). <a href="/wiki/Kallisto_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallisto (mythology)">Kallisto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> is a hypostasis of Artemis with the shape of a bear, and her cults at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a>) are remarkable for the arkteia where virgin girls before marriage were disguised as she-bears.<a href="#cite_note-Suid.1-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> The ancient Greeks called <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">potnia theron</a> the representation of the goddess between animals; on a Greek vase from circa 570 BCE, a winged Artemis stands between a spotted panther and a deer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page56mode2upqviewtheater_56]-31">[31]</a> "Potnia theron" is very close to the <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a> and this differentiates her from the other Greek divinities. This is the reason that Artemis was later identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>, since the daimons were tutelary deities. Hecate was the goddess of crossroads and she was the queen of the witches.<a href="#cite_note-Nils227-32">[32]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg/230px-Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg/345px-Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Emprunte_d%27un_sceau_de_Cnossos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> seal from <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>. A goddess flanked by two lionesses, probably the "Mother of the Mountains", in the presence of her consort or the dedicant.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> is the Pre-Greek "mistress of the animals" at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>. There was a custom to throw animals alive into the annual fire of the fest.<a href="#cite_note-Lane91-33">[33]</a> The festival at <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> was introduced from <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> and this relates Artemis to the Greek <a href="/wiki/Heroine" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroine">heroine</a> <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a> who symbolizes freedom and independence.<a href="#cite_note-The_Atalanta_Legend_in_Art_and_Lite-34">[34]</a> Other epithets that relate Artemis to the animals are <a href="/wiki/Amarynthos" title="Amarynthos">Amarynthia</a> and Kolainis.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> poems Artemis is mainly the goddess of hunting, because it was the most important sport in <a href="/wiki/Mycenean_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenean Greece">Mycenean Greece</a>. An almost formulaic epithet used in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> to describe her is ἰοχέαιρα iocheaira, "she who shoots arrows", often translated as "she who delights in arrows" or "she who showers arrows". <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]-35">[35]</a> She is called Artemis Chrysilakatos, of the golden shafts, or Chrysinios, of the golden reins, as a goddess of hunting in her chariot.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad6200-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> 27 to Artemis paints this picture of the goddess: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I sing of Artemis, whose shafts are of gold, who cheers on the hounds, the pure maiden, shooter of stags, who delights in archery, own sister to Apollo with the golden sword. Over the shadowy hills and windy peaks she draws her golden bow, rejoicing in the chase, and sends out grievous shafts. The tops of the high mountains tremble and the tangled wood echoes awesomely with the outcry of beasts: earthquakes and the sea also where fishes shoal.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Homeric Hymn 27 to Artemis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0138:hymn=27">p.1–9</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></cite></div></blockquote> According to the beliefs of the first <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> Artemis is the first <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a>, a goddess of free nature. She is an independent free woman, and she does not need any partner. She is hunting surrounded by her <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymphs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> This idea of freedom and women's skill is expressed in many Greek myths.<a href="#cite_note-The_Atalanta_Legend_in_Art_and_Lite-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/220px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/330px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/440px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2820" /></a><figcaption>Artemis pouring a libation. Attic white-ground lekythos, c. 460–450 BCE. From Eretria. c. 460-450 BCE. Attributed to <a href="/wiki/Athena_Painter" title="Athena Painter">Bowdoin Painter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> the temples of Artemis were built near springs, rivers and marshes. Artemis was closely related to the waters and especially to <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>, the god of the waters. Her common epithets are Limnnaia, Limnatis (relation to waters) and Potamia and <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheus (mythology)">Alphaea</a> (relation to rivers). In some cults she is the healer goddess of women with the surnames Lousia and Thermia.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson492-39">[39]</a> Artemis is the leader of the nymphs (<a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a>) and she is hunting surrounded by them.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The nymphs appear during the festival of the marriage, and they are appealed by the pregnant women.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson251-41">[41]</a> Artemis became goddess of marriage and childbirth. She was worshipped with the surname <a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a> in several cities.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson492-39">[39]</a> Women consecrated clothes to Artemis for a happy childbirth and she had the epithets Lochia and Lecho.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a> interpreted Artemis mainly as goddess of vegetation who was worshipped in an orgiastic cult with lascivious dances, with the common epithets <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Artemis_Orthia" title="Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia">Orthia</a>, Korythalia and Dereatis.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The female dancers wore masks and were famous in antiquity. The goddess of vegetation was also related to the tree-cult with temples near the holy trees and the surnames <a href="/wiki/Apanchomene" title="Apanchomene">Apanchomene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caryatis" title="Caryatis">Caryatis</a> and Cedreatis.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> According to Greek beliefs the image of a god or a goddess gave signs or tokens and had divine and magic powers. With these conceptions she was worshipped as Tauria (the <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauric</a>, goddess),<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arricia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arricia">Aricina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) and Anaitis (<a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>). In the bucolic (<a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a>) songs the image of the goddess was discovered in bundles of leaves or dry sticks and she had the surnames Lygodesma and Phakelitis.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg/290px-Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg/435px-Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg/580px-Scene_of_sacrifice_in_honour_of_Diana._Fresco_from_the_triclinium_of_House_of_the_Vettii_in_Pompeii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Scene from sacrifice in honour of Artemis-Diana who is accompanied by a deer. Fresco from the triclinium of the house of Vettii in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, Italy, between 62 CE and 79 CE (Destruction of Pompeii).</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> folklore, a wild hunter is chasing an <a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">elfish</a> woman who falls in the water. In the Greek myths the hunter is chasing a female deer (doe) and both disappear into the waters. In relation to these myths Artemis was worshipped as Saronia and <a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalia</a> . The myth of a goddess who is chased and then falls in the sea is related to the cults of <a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Diktynna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Artemis carrying torches was identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a> and she had the surnames Phosphoros and Selasphoros .<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a>, she was worshipped as Artemis Kalliste, "the most beautiful".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Sometimes the goddess had the name of an <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazon</a> like Lyceia (with a helmet of a wolf-skin) and <a href="/wiki/Molpadia" title="Molpadia">Molpadia</a>. The female warriors Amazons embody the idea of freedom and women's independence.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In spite of her status as a virgin who avoided potential lovers, there are multiple references to Artemis' beauty and erotic aspect;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstan2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidr1QgBQAAQBAJpgPA65_65]-50">[50]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> compares <a href="/wiki/Nausicaa" title="Nausicaa">Nausicaa</a> to Artemis in terms of appearance when trying to win her favor, <a href="/wiki/Libanius" title="Libanius">Libanius</a>, when praising the city of Antioch, wrote that Ptolemy was smitten by the beauty of (the statue of) Artemis;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstan2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidr1QgBQAAQBAJpgPA65_65]-50">[50]</a> whereas her mother Leto often took pride in her daughter's beauty.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0o-52">[52]</a> She has several stories surrounding her where men such as Actaeon, Orion, and Alpheus tried to couple with her forcibly, only to be thwarted or killed. Ancient poets note Artemis' height and imposing stature, as she stands taller and more impressive than all the nymphs accompanying her.<a href="#cite_note-:0o-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epithets_and_functions">Epithets and functions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Epithets and functions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg/240px-Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg/360px-Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg/480px-Artemis_Manicalunga_MAR_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2833" /></a><figcaption>Artemis with bow and arrow in front of an altar. Attic red-figure lekythos, c. 475 BCE, from Selinunte, Sicily. <a href="/wiki/Antonino_Salinas_Regional_Archaeological_Museum" title="Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum">Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum</a>, Palermo</figcaption></figure> Artemis is rooted to the less developed personality of the <a href="/wiki/Mycenean_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenean Greece">Mycenean</a> goddess of nature. The goddess of nature was concerned with birth and vegetation and had certain chthonic aspects. The Mycenean goddess was related to the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> mistress of the animals, who can be traced later in local cults,<a href="#cite_note-D182-54">[54]</a> however we do not know to what extent we can differentiate the Minoan from the Mycenean religion.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Artemis carries with her certain functions and characteristics of a Minoan form whose history was lost in the myths.<a href="#cite_note-D182-54">[54]</a> According to the beliefs of the first <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>, Artemis is the first <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a>, a divinity of free nature. She was a great goddess and her temples were built near springs marshes and rivers where the nymphs live, and they are appealed by the pregnant women.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In Greek religion we must see less tractable elements which have nothing to do with the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympians</a>, but come from an old, less organized world–exorcisms, rituals to raise crops, gods and goddesses conceived not quite in human shape. Some cults of Artemis retained the pre-Greek features which were consecrated by immemorial practices and connected with daily tasks. Artemis shows sometimes the wild and darker side of her character and can bring immediate death with her arrows, however she embodies the idea of "the free nature" which was introduced by the first Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a> came later in the area, probably from <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> and the goddess of nature was mostly interpreted as a vegetation goddess who was related to the ecstatic Minoan tree-cult. She was worshipped in orgiastic cults with lascivious and sometimes obscene dances, which have pure <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> elements introduced by the Dorians.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The feminine (sometimes male) dancers wore usually masks, and they were famous in the antiquity. The great popularity of Artemis corresponds to the Greek belief in freedom<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and she is mainly the goddess of women and children. The goddess of free nature is independent and celibate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Artemis is frequently depicted carrying a torch and she was occasionally identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>. Like other Greek deities, she had a number of other names applied to her, reflecting the variety of roles, duties, and aspects ascribed to the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg/300px-Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg/450px-Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg/600px-Pergamonmuseum_Statue_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Artemis, marble. <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Museum" title="Pergamon Museum">Pergamon Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> Aeginaea, probably huntress of chamois or the wielder of the javelin, at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> However the word may mean "from the island <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a>", that relates Artemis with Aphaia (<a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Aetole, of <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nafpaktos" title="Nafpaktos">Nafpaktos</a>. A marble statue represented the goddess in the attitude of one hurling a javelin.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_10.38.12-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agoraea" title="Agoraea">Agoraea</a>, guardian of popular assemblies in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. She was considered to be the protector of the assemblies of the people in the <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> the cult of "Artemis Agoraea" was related to the cult of <a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoinai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> (The double named goddesses Demeter and Persephone).<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrotera" title="Agrotera">Agrotera</a>, the huntress of wild wood, in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> and many cults.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad214-66">[66]</a> It was believed that she first hunted at <a href="/wiki/Agrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrae">Agrae</a> of Athens after her arrival from <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>. There was a custom of making a "slaughter sacrifice", to the goddess before a battle.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The deer always accompanies the goddess of hunting. Her epithet <a href="/wiki/Agraea" class="mw-redirect" title="Agraea">Agraea</a> is similar with Agrotera.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheus (mythology)">Alphaea</a>, in the district of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>. The goddess had an annual festival at Olympia and a temple at <a href="/wiki/Letrini" title="Letrini">Letrinoi</a> near the river <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> At the festival of Letrinoi, the girls were dancing wearing masks. In the legend, Alphaea and her nymphs covered their faces with mud and the river god Alpheus, who was in love with her, could not distinguish her from the others. This explains, somehow, the clay masks at Sparta.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg/340px-Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg/510px-Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg/680px-Artemis_hinds_Louvre_CA1795.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption>Artemis on her two hind-drawn chariot, Boeotian red-figure kylix, 450–425 BCE, by the Painter of Great Athens. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis_Amarynthia" title="Temple of Artemis Amarynthia">Amarynthia</a>, or Amarysia, with a famous temple at <a href="/wiki/Amarynthus" title="Amarynthus">Amarynthus</a> near <a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a>. The goddess was related to the animals, however she was also a healer goddess of women. She is identified with Kolainis.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> Amphipyros, with fire at each end, a rare epithet of Artemis as bearing a torch in either hand. <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> calls her, "<a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolos</a>, (deer slayer) Amphipyros", reminding the annual fire of the festival <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The adjective refers also to the twin fires of the two peaks of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parnassus" title="Mount Parnassus">Mount Parnassus</a> above <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phaedriades" title="Phaedriades">Phaedriades</a>).<a href="#cite_note-αμφίπυρος-73">[73]</a> Anaitis, in <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>. The fame of Tauria (the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">Tauric</a> goddess) was very high, and the Lydians claimed that the image of the goddess was among them. It was considered that the image had divine powers. The Athenians believed that the image became booty to the <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persians</a> and was carried from <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a> to <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Angelos, messenger, envoy, title of Artemis at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apanchomene" title="Apanchomene">Apanchomene</a>, the strangled goddess, at <a href="/wiki/Caphyae" title="Caphyae">Caphyae</a> in Arcadia. She was a vegetation goddess related to the ecstatic tree cult. The Minoan tree goddesses Helene, Dentritis, and <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a> were also hanged. This epithet is related to the old traditions where icons and puppets of a vegetation goddess would be hung on a tree. It was believed that the plane tree near the spring at Caphyae, was planted by <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a>, the husband of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>. The tree was called "Menelais". The previous name of the goddess was most likely Kondyleatis.<a href="#cite_note-Gesch315-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a>, or Apha, unseen or disappeared, a goddess at <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a> and a rare epithet of Artemis. Aphaea is identified with Britomartis. In the legend Britomartis (the sweet young woman) escaped from Minos, who fell in love with her. She travelled to Aegina on a wooden boat and then she disappeared. The myth indicates an identity in nature with Diktynna.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_(VI_8_5)_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/320px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/480px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/640px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3505" data-file-height="3557" /></a><figcaption>Sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>. Antique fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompei" title="Pompei">Pompei</a>, probably a copy of a painting by <a href="/wiki/Timanthes" title="Timanthes">Timanthes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> crying (left). In the sky appears the fawn which will replace her. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum, Naples</a>.</figcaption></figure> Aricina, derived from the town <a href="/wiki/Arricia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arricia">Aricia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latium" title="Latium">Latium</a>, or from Aricia, the wife of the Roman forest god Virbius (<a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Athens" title="Hippolytus of Athens">Hippolytus</a>). The goddess was related with Artemis Tauria (the <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauric</a> Artemis). Her statue was considered the same with the statue that <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> brought from Tauris.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Near the sanctuary of the goddess there was a combat between slaves who had run away from their masters and the prize was the priesthood of Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Ariste, the best, a goddess of the women. <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">xoana</a> of "Ariste" and "Kalliste" in the way to the academy of Athens and he believes that the names are surnames of the goddess Artemis, who is depicted carrying a torch.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Kalliste is not related to Kalliste of Arcadia.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristobule" title="Aristobule">Aristobule</a>, the best advisor, at <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. The politician and general <a href="/wiki/Themistocles" title="Themistocles">Themistocles</a> built a temple of Artemis Aristobule near his house in the deme of <a href="/wiki/Melite_(Attica)" title="Melite (Attica)">Melite</a>, in which he dedicated his own statue.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Astrateia" title="Astrateia">Astrateia</a>, she that stops an invasion, at <a href="/wiki/Pyrrichos" title="Pyrrichos">Pyrrichos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. A wooden image (xoanon), was dedicated to the goddess, because she stopped the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a> in this area. Another xoanon represented "Apollo Amazonios".<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Basileie, at <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom)" title="Paeonia (kingdom)">Paeonia</a>. The women offered wheat stalks to the goddess. In this cult, which reached Athens, Artemis is relative to the <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thracian</a> goddess <a href="/wiki/Bendis" title="Bendis">Bendis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg/340px-Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg/510px-Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg/680px-Artemis_Apollo_Hermes_Louvre_G515.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2090" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Artemis <a href="/wiki/Bendis" title="Bendis">Bendis</a> (with her Thracian cap), Apollo, Hermes and a young warrior. Apulian red-figure bell-shaped krater, c. 380–370 BCE by the Bendis Painter. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Brauronia</a>, worshipped at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>. Her cult is remarkable for the "arkteia", young girls who dressed with short saffron-yellow chitons and imitated bears (she-bears: arktoi).<a href="#cite_note-Blund33-86">[86]</a> In the Acropolis of Athens, the Athenian girls before puberty should serve the goddess as "arktoi".<a href="#cite_note-Suid.1-29">[29]</a> Artemis was the goddess of marriage and childbirth.<a href="#cite_note-Blund33-86">[86]</a> The name of the small "bears" indicate the theriomorphic form of Artemis in an old pre-Greek cult. In the cult of Baubronia, the myth of the sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> was represented in the ritual.<a href="#cite_note-Stinton26-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Boulaia, of the council, in Athens.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> Boulephoros, counselling, advising, at <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a>, probably a Greek form of the mother-goddess.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caryatis" title="Caryatis">Caryatis</a>, the lady of the nut-tree, at <a href="/wiki/Caryae" title="Caryae">Caryae</a> on the borders between <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. Artemis was strongly related to the nymphs, and young girls were dancing the dance Caryatis. The dancers of Caryai were famous in antiquity.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In a legend, Carya, the female lover of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysos</a> was transformed into a nut tree and the dancers into nuts.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The city is considered to be the place of the origin of the bucolic (pastoral) songs.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Cedreatis, near <a href="/wiki/Orchomenus_(Arcadia)" title="Orchomenus (Arcadia)">Orchomenus</a> in Arcadia. A xoanon was mounted on the holy cedar (kedros).<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Chesias, from the name of a river at Samos.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_(Rycroft_Painter_MAN)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg/320px-Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg/480px-Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg/640px-Attic_amphora_Heracles_Erymanthian_Boar_%28Rycroft_Painter_MAN%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="2625" /></a><figcaption>Heracles throwing the <a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Erymanthian Boar">Erymanthian Boar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a>, who, frightened, hides in a jar. Goddesses Artemis (left) and Athena (right). Attic Amphora 500–515 BCE by <a href="/wiki/Rycroft_Painter" title="Rycroft Painter">Rycroft Painter</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)" title="National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)">National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)</a>.</figcaption></figure> Chitonia, wearing a loose tunic, at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> in Sicily, as goddess of hunting. The festival was distinguished by a peculiar dance and by a music on the flute.<a href="#cite_note-Chitonia-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Chrisilakatos, of the golden arrow, in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> as a powerful goddess of hunting. In the <a href="/wiki/Oddysey" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddysey">Odyssey</a>, she descends from a peak and travels along the ridges of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Erymanthos" title="Mount Erymanthos">Mount Erymanthos</a>, that was sacred to the "Mistress of the animals".<a href="#cite_note-Odyssey_6.102-96">[96]</a> In a legend, when the old goddess became wrathful, she would send the terrible <a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a> to lay waste to fields.<a href="#cite_note-Keren148-97">[97]</a> Artemis can bring an immediate death with her arrows. In the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, Hera stresses the wild and darker side of her character and she accuses her of being "a lioness between women".<a href="#cite_note-Iliad21-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]-35">[35]</a> Chrisinios, of the golden reins, as a goddess of hunting in her chariot. In the Iliad, in her wrath, she kills the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad6200-36">[36]</a> Coryphaea, of the peak, at <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>. On the top of the mountain Coryphum there was a sanctuary of the goddess. The famous lyric poet <a href="/wiki/Telesilla" title="Telesilla">Telesilla</a> mentions "Artemis Coryphaea" in an ode.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Cnagia, near Sparta in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. In a legend the native Cnageus was sold as a slave in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. He escaped to his country taking with him the virgin priestess of the goddess Artemis. The priestess carried with her from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> the statue of the goddess, who was named Cnagia.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cynthia" title="Cynthia">Cynthia</a>, as goddess of the moon, from her birthplace on Mount Cynthos at <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>. <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a>, the Greek personification of the moon, and the Roman <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> were also sometimes called Cynthia.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Daphnaea, as goddess of vegetation. Her name is most likely derived from the "laurel-branch" which was used as "May-branch",<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> or an allusion to her statue being made of laurel-wood (daphne)<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> refers to her annual festival at Olympia.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Delia, the feminine form of Apollo <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delios</a> Delphinia, the feminine form of Apollo Delphinios (literally derived from <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>). Dereatis, at Sparta near <a href="/wiki/Taygetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Taygetos">Taygetos</a>. Dancers were performing the obscene dance "kallabis".<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Diktynna</a>, from Mount <a href="/wiki/Dikti" title="Dikti">Dikti</a>, who is identified with the Minoan goddess Britomartis. Her name is derived from the mountain Dikti in Crete. A folk etymology derives her name from the word "diktyon" (net).<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_Vol_I_p.311-312-106">[106]</a> In the legend Britomartis (the sweet young woman) was hunting together with Artemis who loved her desperately. She escaped from <a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a>, who fell in love with her, by jumping into the sea and falling into a net of fishes.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg/340px-Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg/510px-Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg/680px-Apollo_Artemis_Brygos_Louvre_G151.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption>Apollo and Artemis. Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup, circa 470 BCE, by the Briseis Painter.<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a>, goddess of childbirth in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a> and other local cults especially in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. During the Bronze Age, in the cave of <a href="/wiki/Amnisos" title="Amnisos">Amnisos</a>, she was related to the annual birth of the divine child.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> myth the child was abandoned by his mother and then he was nurtured by the powers of nature. Elaphia, goddess of hunting (deer). <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> refers to her annual festival at <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolos</a>, shooter of deer, with the festival "Elaphebolia" at <a href="/wiki/Phocis" title="Phocis">Phocis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> and the name of a month in several local cults. <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> calls Artemis "Elaphebolos, Amphipyros", carrying a torch in each hand. This was used during the annual fire of the festival of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Ephesia</a>, at the city <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> of Minor Asia. The city was a great center of the cult of the goddess, with a magnificent temple, (Artemision). Ephesia belongs to the series of the Anatolian goddesses (Great mother, or mountain-mother). However she is not a mother-goddess, but the goddess of free nature. In the <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionic</a> sphere she is the goddess of hunting.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a>, as a goddess of marriage in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locris" title="Locris">Locris</a> and other cities. <a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">Epheboi</a> and girls who wanted to marry should make a preliminary sacrifice in honour of the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Plutarch_Arist.20-113">[113]</a> "Eukleios" was the name of a month in several cities and "Eucleia" was the name of a festival at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In Athens <a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a> and Eucleia can create a good marriage. The bride would sacrifice to the virgin goddess Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-Peitho-116">[116]</a> Eupraxis, fine acting. On a relief from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> the goddess is depicted holding a torch in one hand and an offering on the other. The torch was used for the ignition of the fire on the altar.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_p.80,_81-117">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/300px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/450px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/600px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>The Niobid Krater. Apollo and Artemis kill the children of <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, 460-450 BCE by the <a href="/wiki/Niobid_Painter" title="Niobid Painter">Niobid Painter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> Eurynome, wide ruling, at <a href="/wiki/Phigalia" title="Phigalia">Phigalia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. Her wooden image (<a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">xoanon</a>) was bound with a roller golden chain. The xoanon depicted a woman's upper body and the lower body of a fish. Pausanias identifies her as one of the <a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a> daughters of <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Hagemo, or <a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a>, leader,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nymphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphs">nymphs</a>. Artemis was playing and dancing with the nymphs who lived near springs, waters and forests and she was hunting surrounded by them. The nymphs joined the festival of the marriage and then they returned to their original form. The pregnant women appealed to the nymphs for help.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson251-41">[41]</a> In Greek popular culture the commandress of the Neraiden (fairies) is called "Great lady", "Lady Kalo" or "Queen of the mountains".<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> Heleia, related to the marsh or meadow in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>, Messenia and <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Hemeresia, the soothing goddess worshipped at well <a href="/wiki/Lusi_(Arcadia)" title="Lusi (Arcadia)">Lusoi</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Heurippa, horse finder, at <a href="/wiki/Pheneus" title="Pheneus">Pheneus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. Her sanctuary was near the bronze statue of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon Hippios</a> (horse). In a legend, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> lost his mares and travelled throughout Greece to find them. He found his mares at <a href="/wiki/Pheneus" title="Pheneus">Pheneus</a>, where he founded the temple of "Artemis Heurippa".<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hymnia" title="Hymnia">Hymnia</a>, at Orchomenos in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>. She was a goddess of dance and songs, especially of female choruses. The priestesses of Artemis Hymnia could not have a normal life like the other women. They were at first virgins and were to remain celibate in the priesthood. They could not use the same baths and they were not allowed to enter the house of a private man.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Iakinthotrophos, nurse of <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(mythology)" title="Hyacinth (mythology)">Hyacinthos</a> at <a href="/wiki/Knidos" title="Knidos">Knidos</a>. Hyacinthos was a god of vegetation with <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> origin. After his birth he was abandoned by his mother and then he was nurtured by Artemis who represents the first power of nature.<a href="#cite_note-Gesch315-77">[77]</a> Imbrasia, from the name of a river at <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Iocheaira, shooter of arrows by <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> (archer queen), as goddess of hunting. She has a wild character and Hera advises her to kill animals in the forest, instead of fighting with her superiors.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad21-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and Artemis kill with their arrows the children of <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a> because she offended her mother <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jane_Ellen_Harrison_1903-126">[126]</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> and Greek popular religion the arrow-shots from invisible beings can bring diseases and death. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo,_Leto,_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg/240px-%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg/360px-%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg/480px-%C3%81nfora_con_Apolo%2C_Leto%2C_Ares_y_Artemisa_-_M.A.N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Left to right: Artemis, Apollo with his lyre, Leto and Ares. Attic amphora c. 510 BCE, by <a href="/wiki/Psiax" title="Psiax">Psiax</a> Painter. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)" title="National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)">National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)</a>.</figcaption></figure> Issora, or Isora, at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, with the surname Limnaia or Pitanitis. <a href="/wiki/Issorium" title="Issorium">Issorium</a> was a part of a great summit which advances into the level of <a href="/wiki/Eurotas_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotas (river)">Eurotas</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> a Pausanias identifies her with the Minoan Britomartis.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Kalliste, the most beautiful, another form of Artemis with the shape of a bear at <a href="/wiki/Tricoloni" title="Tricoloni">Tricoloni</a> near <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a> a mountainous area full of wild beasts.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kallisto_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallisto (mythology)">Kallisto</a> the attendant of Artemis, bore <a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a> the patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcaden</a>. In a legend Kallisto was transformed into a bear and in another myth Artemis shot her. Kallisto is a hypostasis of Artemis with a theriomorphic form from a pre-Greek cult.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> 'Keladeini, echoing chasing (noisy) in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> because she hunts wild boars and deer surrounded by her nymphs.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> 'Kithone, as a goddess of childbirth at Millet. Her name is probably derived from the custom of clothes consecration to the goddess, for a happy childbirth.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> Kolainis, related with the animals at <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a> she had a major temple and she was called Amarysia.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The goddess became a healer goddess of women.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Kolias, in a cult of women. Men were excluded because the fertility of the earth was related to motherhood. Aristophanes mentions Kolias and Genetyllis who are accused for lack of restraint. Their cult had a very emotional character.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Kondyleatis, named after the village Kondylea, where she had a grove and a temple. In a legend some boys tied a rope around the image of the goddess and said that Artemis was hanged. The boys were killed by the inhabitants and this caused a divine punishment. All the women brought dead children in the world, until the boys were honourably buried. An annual sacrifice was instituted to the divine spirits of the boys. Kondyleatis was most likely the original name of Artemis Apanchomeni.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Kordaka, in <a href="/wiki/Elis" title="Elis">Elis</a>. Τhe dancers performed the obscene dance kordaka, which is considered the origin of the dance of the old comedy. The dance is famous for its nudge and hilarity and gave the name to the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson_p.161,_490-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Korythalia, derived from Korythale, probably the "laurel May-branch",<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> as a goddess of vegetation at Sparta. The <a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">epheboi</a> and the girls who entered the marriage age placed the Korythale in front of the door of the house.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In the cult the female dancers (famous in the antiquity) performed boisterous dances and were called Korythalistriai. In Italy, the male dancers wore wooden masks and they were called kyrritoi (pushing with the horns).<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Kourotrophos, protector of young boys. During the <a href="/wiki/Apaturia" title="Apaturia">Apaturia</a> the front hair of young girls and young boys (koureion) were offered to the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>, the mistress of the animals (Pre-Greek name) in many cults, especially in central Greece, <a href="/wiki/Phocis" title="Phocis">Phocis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> "Laphria" was the name of the festival. The characteristic rite was the annual fire and there was a custom to throw animals alive in the flames during the fest.<a href="#cite_note-Lane91-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paus718-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The cult of "Laphria" at <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> was transferred from the city <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In a legend during the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a> the fierce-huntress <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a> was the first who wounded the boar.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Atalanta was a Greek <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">heroine</a>, symbolizing the free nature and independence <a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Lecho, protector of a woman in childbed, or of one who has just given birth.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> Leukophryene, derived from the city <a href="/wiki/Leucophrys" title="Leucophrys">Leucophrys</a> in Magnesia of <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>. The original form of the cult of the goddess is unknown, however it seems that once the character of the goddess was similar with her character in <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte2-65">[65]</a> Limnaia, of the marsh, at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, with a swimming place Limnaion. (λίμνη: lake).<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Limnatis, of the marsh and the lake, at <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messene" title="Messene">Ancient Messene</a> and many local cults. During the festival, the Messenian young ladies were violated. <a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">Cymbals</a> have been found around the temple, indicating that the festival was celebrated with dances.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson_p.161,_490-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Lochia, as goddess of childbirth and midwifery.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Women consecrated clothes to the goddess for a happy childbirth. Other less common epithets of Artemis as goddess of childbirth are Eulochia and Geneteira.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> Lousia, bather or purifier, as a healer goddess at <a href="/wiki/Lusi_(Arcadia)" title="Lusi (Arcadia)">Lusoi</a> in Arcadia, where <a href="/wiki/Melampus" title="Melampus">Melampus</a> healed the Proitiden.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Lyaia, at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse,Sicily">Syracuse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> colony). There is a clear influence from the cult of Artemis Caryatis in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. The Sicilian songs were transformed songs from the <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconic</a> bucolic (<a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a>) songs at Caryai.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg/320px-Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg/480px-Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg/640px-Herakles_hind_BM_B231.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2225" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> breaking off the golden antler of the <a href="/wiki/Ceryneian_Hind" title="Ceryneian Hind">Ceryneian Hind</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> (left) and Artemis (right) look on. Black-figure amphora, c. 540–530 BCE, from Vulci. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London.</figcaption></figure> Lyceia, of the wolf or with a helmet of a wolf skin,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Troezen" title="Troezen">Troezen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>. It was believed that her temple was built by the hunter <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Athens" title="Hippolytus of Athens">Hippolytus</a> who abstained from sex and marriage. Lyceia was probably a surname of Artemis among the <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a> from whom Hippolytus descended from his mother.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>). Lycoatis, with a bronze statue at the city <a href="/wiki/Lycoa" title="Lycoa">Lycoa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. The city was near the foot of the mountain <a href="/wiki/Mainalo" title="Mainalo">Mainalo</a>, which was sacred to, <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a>. On the south slope the <a href="/wiki/Mantineia" title="Mantineia">Mantineians</a> fetched the bones of <a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Kallisto_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallisto (mythology)">Kallisto</a>.(Kalliste).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg/200px-NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg/300px-NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg/400px-NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>Archaic representation of the goddess Artemis Orthia. Ivory relief plate of a bronze fibula. The goddess holds waterbirds and wears a traditional hair style. From her sanctuary at Sparta, 660 BCE. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum of Athens">National Archaeological Museum of Athens</a>.</figcaption></figure> Lygodesma, willow bound, at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> (another name of Orthia). In a legend her image was discovered in a thicket of willows.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-46">[46]</a> standing upright (orthia).<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melissa" title="Melissa">Melissa</a>, bee or beauty of nature, as a moon goddess. In Neoplatonic philosophy melissa is any pure being of souls coming to birth. The goddess took suffering away from mothers giving birth. It was Melissa who drew souls coming to birth.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Molpadia" title="Molpadia">Molpadia</a>, singer of divine songs, a rare epithet of Artemis as a goddess of dances and songs and leader of the nymphs.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> In a legend Molpadia was an <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazon</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> war she killed <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a> to save her by the Athenian king <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, but she was killed by Theseus.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a>, in a cult at <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, related to the arkteia of Brauronian Artemis. According to legend, if someone killed a bear, he should be punished by sacrificing his daughter in the sanctuary. Embaros disguised his daughter by dressing her like a bear (arktos), and hid her in the <a href="/wiki/Adyton" title="Adyton">adyton</a>. He placed a goat on the altar and he sacrificed the goat instead of his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Mysia, with a temple on the road from <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> near the "Tomb of the Horse".<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Oenoatis, derived from the city <a href="/wiki/Oenoe_(Argolis)" title="Oenoe (Argolis)">Oenoe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>. Above the town there was the mountain Artemisium, with the temple of the goddess on the summit.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In a Greek legend the mountain was the place where <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> chased and captured the terrible <a href="/wiki/Ceryneian_Hind" title="Ceryneian Hind">Ceryneian Hind</a>, an enormous female deer with golden antlers and hooves of bronze. The deer was sacred to Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Artemis_Orthia" title="Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia">Orthia</a>, upright, with a famous festival at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. Her cult was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a>. She was worshipped as a goddess of vegetation in an orgiastic cult with boisterous cyclic dances. Among the offerings, there were terracotta masks representing grotesque faces and it seems that animal-masks were also used.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In literature there was a great fight for taking the pieces of cheese that were offered to the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The whipping of the <a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">epheboi</a> near the altar was a ritual of initiation, preparing them for their future life as soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> During this ritual the altar was full of blood.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/240px-Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/360px-Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg/480px-Artemis_Phosphorus_votive_relief_-_Varna_Archaeological_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Votive relief with a dedication to Artemis Phosphorus. An exhibit of <a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Varna Archaeological Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> Paidotrophos, protector of children at <a href="/wiki/Corone_(Messenia)" title="Corone (Messenia)">Corone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Messenia" title="Messenia">Messenia</a>. During a festival of Korythalia the wet-nurses brought the infants in the sanctuary of the goddess, to get her protection.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a>, Persuasion, at the city <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>. Her sanctuary was in the market place.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In Pelopponnese Peitho is related to Artemis. In Athens Peitho is the consensual force in civilized society and emphasizes civic armony.<a href="#cite_note-Peitho-116">[116]</a> Pergaia, who was worshipped at <a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>. A famous annual festival was celebrated in honor of Artemis in the city <a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a>. Filial cults existed in <a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a>, north of Pamphylia.<a href="#cite_note-Karola-171">[171]</a> Pheraia, from the city <a href="/wiki/Pherai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pherai">Pherai</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a>. It was believed that the image of the goddess was brought from the city Pherai of Thessaly.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias2.23.5-172">[172]</a> This conception relates Artemis with the distinctly Thessalian goddess <a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a>. Enodia had similar functions with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a> and she carried the common epithet "Pheraia".<a href="#cite_note-Apollo_p.109-124-173">[173]</a> Phakelitis, of the bundle, at <a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. In the local legend the image of the goddess was found in a bundle of dry sticks.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Phoebe, bright, as a moon goddess sister of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Phoebus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> The epithet Phoebe is also given to the moon goddess <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphoros</a>, carrier of light. In <a href="/wiki/Messene" title="Messene">Ancient Messene</a> she is carrying a torch as a moon-goddess and she is identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos,_Delos,_700-675_BC,_AM_Mykonos,_IA_401,_177226.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg/200px-Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg/300px-Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg/400px-Artemis_on_amphora_of_Naxos%2C_Delos%2C_700-675_BC%2C_AM_Mykonos%2C_IA_401%2C_177226.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2670" data-file-height="4005" /></a><figcaption> Artemis (potnia theron) on amphora of Naxos, Delos, 700–675 BCE, Archaeological Museum of Myconos</figcaption></figure> Polo, in <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a>, with inscriptions and statues from the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman">Roman</a> period. The name is probably related to "parthenos" (virgin).<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Potamia, of the river, at <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse,Sicily">Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> In a legend <a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a>, was a chaste <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> and tried to escape from the river god <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a> who fell in love with her. She was transformed by Artemis into a stream, traversed underground and appeared at Ortygia, thus providing water for the city.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> calls Arethusa, "Alfeias"<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> (Alfaea) (of the river god). <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Potnia Theron</a>, mistress of the animals. The origin of her cult is Pre-Greek and the term is used by Homer for the goddess of hunting.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad214-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Potnia" title="Potnia">Potnia</a> was the name of the Mycenean goddess of nature.<a href="#cite_note-D182-54">[54]</a> In the earliest Minoan conceptions the "Master of the animals" is depicted between lions and <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minoan_Genius" title="Minoan Genius">Minoan Genius</a>). Sometimes "potnia theron" is depicted with the head of a <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a>, who is her distant ancestor.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> She is the only Greek goddess who stands close to the <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a> and she has a wild side which differentiates her from other Greek gods.<a href="#cite_note-Nils227-32">[32]</a> In the Greek legends when the goddess was offended she would send terrible animals like the <a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar</a> to laid waste the farmer's land, or voracious birds like the <a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a> to attack farms and humans.<a href="#cite_note-Keren148-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> and during the festival of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>, there is evidence of barbaric animal sacrifices.<a href="#cite_note-Lane91-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paus718-146">[146]</a> Pythia, as a goddess worshipped at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T16.5Hekate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T16.5Hekate.jpg/250px-T16.5Hekate.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T16.5Hekate.jpg/375px-T16.5Hekate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/T16.5Hekate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a> or Artemis is depicted with a bow, twin flaming torches and a large <a href="/wiki/Laconian_(dog)" title="Laconian (dog)">dog</a>. Archaic Attic black figure kylix, attributed to Kleibolos Painter. <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">Museum of the University of Tübingen</a>, Baden.</figcaption></figure> Saronia, of Saron, at <a href="/wiki/Troezen" title="Troezen">Troezen</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Saronic gulf">Saronic gulf</a>. In a legend the king Saron was chasing a doe that dashed into the sea. He followed the doe in the waters and he was drowned in the waves of the sea. He gave his name to the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Saronic gulf">Saronic gulf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Selasphoros, carrier of light, flame, as a moon-goddess identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>, in the cult of <a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Soteira (Kore Soteira), Kore saviour, at <a href="/wiki/Phigalia" title="Phigalia">Phigalia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> the mistress of the animals is the first <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> closely related to the springs and the animals, in a surrounding of animal-headed <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Lycosura" title="Lycosura">Lycosura</a> Artemis is depicted holding a snake and a torch and dressed with a deer skin, besides <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>. It was said that she was not the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>, but the daughter of Demeter.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pausanias837-183">[183]</a> Stymphalia, of <a href="/wiki/Stymphalus_(Arcadia)" title="Stymphalus (Arcadia)">Stymphalus</a>, a city in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. In a legend the water of the river descended in a chasm which was clogged up and the water overflowed creating a big marsh on the plain. A hunter was chasing a deer and both fell into the mud at the bottom of the chasm. The next day the whole water of the marsh dried up and the land was cultivated.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> The monstrous man eating <a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a> that were killed by <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> were considered birds of Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-Keren148-97">[97]</a> Tauria, or Tauro (the <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauric</a> goddess), from the <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauri</a> or of the bull. Euripides mentions the image of "Artemis Tauria". It was believed that the image of the goddess had divine powers.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Her image was considered to have been carried from <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauris</a> by <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> and was brought to <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arricia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arricia">Aricia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin,_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull,_Tauric_Chersonesos,_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/250px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/375px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/500px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Coin from Tauric <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a> with Artemis, deer, bull, club and <a href="/wiki/Quiver" title="Quiver">quiver</a>. c. 320–290 BCE. Diagora-, magistrate. CHER, Artemis Parthenos left. DIAGORA, Bull butting right; Christopher Markom Collection</figcaption></figure> Tauropolos, usually interpreted as hunting bull goddess. Tauropolos was not original in Greece and she has similar functions with foreign goddesses, especially with the mythical bull-goddess. The cult can be identified at <a href="/wiki/Halae_Araphenides" title="Halae Araphenides">Halae Araphenides</a> in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>. At the end of the peculiar festival, a man was sacrificed. He was killed in the ritual with a sword cutting his throat.<a href="#cite_note-perseus.tufts.edu-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> mentions that during the night-fest of Tauropolia a girl was raped.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Thermia, as a healer goddess at <a href="/wiki/Lusi_(Arcadia)" title="Lusi (Arcadia)">Lousoi</a> in Arcadia, where <a href="/wiki/Melampus" title="Melampus">Melampus</a> healed the Proitiden.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a> Toxia, or Toxitis, bowstring in torsion, as goddess of hunting in the island of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Gortyn" title="Gortyn">Gortyn</a>. She is the sister of "Apollo Toxias".<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-30">[30]</a> Triclaria, at <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>. Her cult was superimposed on the cult of <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a> Aisemnetis. During the festival of the god the children were wearing garlands of corn-ears. In a ritual they laid them aside to the goddess Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte1-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Triclaria was a priestess of Artemis who made love with her lover in the sanctuary. They were punished to be sacrificed in the temple and each year the people should sacrifice a couple to the goddess. Europylus came carrying a chest with the image of <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a> who put an end to the killings.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Corythallia, epithet of Artemis at Sparta. During the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tithenidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tithenidia (page does not exist)">Tithenidia</a> festival the Spartan boys were carried into her temple in the city.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mythology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artemis" title="Special:EditPage/Artemis">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Leto bore Apollo and Artemis, delighting in arrows, Both of lovely shape like none of the heavenly gods, As she joined in love to the <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">Aegis</a>-bearing ruler. </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a>, lines 918–920 (written in the 7th century BCE)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Birth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arte_romana,_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo,_350-400_dc_ca._(kunstsien_stichting).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg/280px-Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="439" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg/420px-Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg/560px-Arte_romana%2C_latona_in_fuga_con_artemide_e_apollo%2C_350-400_dc_ca._%28kunstsien_stichting%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Leto on the run with Artemis and Apollo, Roman statue circa 350–400 CE</figcaption></figure> Various conflicting accounts are given in Greek mythology regarding the birth of Artemis and Apollo, her twin brother. In terms of parentage, though, all accounts agree that she was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and that she was the twin sister of Apollo. In some sources, she is born at the same time as Apollo; but in others, earlier or later.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> Although traditionally stated to be twins, the author of The <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> 3 to Apollo (the oldest extant account of Leto's wandering and birth of her children) is only concerned with the birth of Apollo, and sidelines Artemis;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShelmerdine1995[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVVowBQAAQBAJpgPA63_63]-194">[194]</a> in fact in the Homeric Hymn they are not stated to be twins at all. It is a slightly later poet, <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, who speaks of a single pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgPjZOB1YNqACpgPA368_368]-195">[195]</a> The two earliest poets, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, confirm Artemis and Apollo's status as full siblings born to the same mother and father, but neither explicitly makes them twins.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, Hera, who was angry with her husband Zeus for impregnating Leto, forbade her from giving birth on either terra firma (the mainland) or on an island, but the island of <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a> disobeyed and allowed Leto to give birth there. According to some, this rooted the once freely floating island to one place. According to the <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> to Artemis, however, the island where she and her twin were born was <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crete" title="History of Crete">ancient Cretan history</a>, Leto was worshipped at <a href="/wiki/Phaistos" title="Phaistos">Phaistos</a>, and in Cretan mythology, Leto gave birth to Apollo and Artemis on the islands known today as <a href="/wiki/Paximadia_(islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia (islands)">Paximadia</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Scholium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholium">scholium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> iii. 72 accounts for the island's archaic name Ortygia<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> by asserting that Zeus transformed Leto into a <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a> (ortux) to prevent Hera from finding out about his infidelity, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McLeish" title="Kenneth McLeish">Kenneth McLeish</a> suggested further that in quail form, Leto would have given birth with as few birth-pains as a mother quail suffers when she lays an egg.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg/320px-Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg/480px-Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg/640px-Herakles_Ceryneian_Hind_Louvre_F_234bis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption> Artemis (left) and Apollo try to get the <a href="/wiki/Ceryneian_Hind" title="Ceryneian Hind">Ceryneian Hind</a> from Heracles. Detail of an Attic black-figure amphora c. 530–520 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris </figcaption></figure> The myths also differ as to whether Artemis was born first, or Apollo. Most stories depict Artemis as firstborn, becoming her mother's <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">midwife</a> upon the birth of her brother Apollo. <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, a late fourth/early fifth-century grammarian, wrote that Artemis was born first because at first it was night, whose instrument is the Moon, which Artemis represents, and then day, whose instrument is the Sun, which Apollo represents.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> however writes that both twins shone like the Sun when they came into the bright light.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsarchiveorgdetailsrutherford-2001-pindars-paeanspage364mode2upviewtheater_364–365]-202">[202]</a> After their troubling childbirth, Leto took the twin infants and crossed over to <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, in the southwest corner of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a>, where she tried to drink from and bathe the babies in a spring she found there. However, the local <a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a> tried to prevent the twins and their mother from making use of the water by stirring up the muddy bottom of the spring, so the three of them could not drink it. Leto, in her anger that the impious Lycians had refused to offer hospitality to a fatigued mother and her thirsty infants, transformed them all into frogs, forever doomed to swim and hop around the spring.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg/360px-Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg/540px-Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg/720px-Brauron_-_Relief_of_the_Gods.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>Leto with Zeus and their children, 420–410 BCE, marble, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Brauron" title="Archaeological Museum of Brauron">Archaeological Museum of Brauron</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_men">Relations with men</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relations with men">edit</a>]</div> The river god <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheus (mythology)">Alpheus</a> was in love with Artemis, but as he realized he could do nothing to win her heart, he decided to capture her. When Artemis and her companions at <a href="/wiki/Letrini" title="Letrini">Letrenoi</a> go to Alpheus, she becomes suspicious of his motives and covers her face with mud so he does not recognize her. In another story, Alphaeus tries to rape Artemis' attendant <a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a>. Artemis pities the girl and saves her, transforming her into a spring in the temple <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Alphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Alphaea">Artemis Alphaea</a> in Letrini, where the goddess and her attendant drink. Bouphagos, son of the <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titan</a> <a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a>, sees Artemis and thinks about raping her. Reading his sinful thoughts, Artemis strikes him down at <a href="/wiki/Foloi" title="Foloi">Mount Pholoe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daphnis" title="Daphnis">Daphnis</a> was a young boy, a son of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, who was accepted by and became a follower of the goddess Artemis; Daphnis would often accompany her in hunting and entertain her with his singing of pastoral songs and playing of the <a href="/wiki/Panpipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Panpipes">panpipes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Artemis taught a man, <a href="/wiki/Scamandrius_(Trojan_war)" title="Scamandrius (Trojan war)">Scamandrius</a>, how to be a great archer, and he excelled in the use of a bow and arrow with her guidance.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Broteas" title="Broteas">Broteas</a> was a famous hunter who refused to honour Artemis, and boasted that nothing could harm him, not even fire. Artemis then drove him mad, causing him to <a href="/wiki/Self-immolation" title="Self-immolation">walk into fire</a>, ending his life.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siproites" title="Siproites">Siproites</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Cretan</a> who was metamorphized into a woman by Artemis, for, while hunting, seeing the goddess bathing.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Artemis also changed a Calydonian man named <a href="/wiki/Calydon_(son_of_Ares)" title="Calydon (son of Ares)">Calydon</a>, the son of Ares and <a href="/wiki/Astynome" title="Astynome">Astynome</a>, into stone when he saw the goddess bathing naked.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divine_retribution">Divine retribution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Divine retribution">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Actaeon">Actaeon</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Actaeon">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg/400px-Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg/600px-Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg/800px-Krater_Aktaion_Louvre_CA3482_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Artemis drives a chariot drawn by a team of deer next to the dying Actaeon. Attic red-figure volute crater, c. 450–440 BCE by the Painter of the Wooly Satyrs. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> Multiple versions of the <a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a> myth survive, though many are fragmentary. The details vary but at the core, they involve the great hunter Actaeon whom Artemis turns into a <a href="/wiki/Deer#Etymology_and_terminology" title="Deer">stag</a> for a transgression, and who is then killed by hunting dogs.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Usually, the dogs are his own, but no longer recognize their master. Occasionally they are said to be the hounds of Artemis. Various tellings diverge in terms of the hunter's transgression: sometimes merely seeing the virgin goddess naked, sometimes boasting he is a better hunter than she,<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> or even merely being a rival of Zeus for the affections of <a href="/wiki/Semele" title="Semele">Semele</a>. Apollodorus, who records the Semele version, notes that the ones with Artemis are more common.<a href="#cite_note-:apact-212">[212]</a> According to Lamar Ronald Lacey's The Myth of Aktaion: Literary and Iconographic Studies, the standard modern text on the work, the most likely original version of the myth portrays Actaeon as the hunting companion of the goddess who, seeing her naked in her sacred spring, attempts to force himself on her. For this <a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">hubris</a>, he is turned into a stag and devoured by his own hounds. However, in some surviving versions, Actaeon is a stranger who happens upon Artemis. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg/340px-Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg/510px-Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg/680px-Volubilis_mosaic_Diana_and_her_nymph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1247" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic depicting <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> and her <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> surprised by <a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a>.Mosaic, 2nd century CE Ruins of <a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a>, Morocco</figcaption></figure> A single line from <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>'s now lost play Toxotides ("female archers") is among the earlier attestations of Actaeon's myth, stating that "the dogs destroyed their master utterly", with no confirmation of Actaeon's metamorphosis or the god he offended (but it is heavily implied to be Artemis, due to the title).<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Ancient artwork depicting the myth of Actaeon predate Aeschylus.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, coming in a bit later, wrote in the <a href="/wiki/Bacchae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchae">Bacchae</a> that Actaeon was torn to shreds and perhaps devoured by his "flesh-eating" hunting dogs when he claimed to be a better hunter than Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Like Aeschylus, he does not mention Actaeon being deer-shaped when that happens. <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a> writes that Actaeon chanced upon Artemis bathing in the woods, and she caused him to be devoured by his own hounds for the sacrilege, and he makes no mention of transformation into a deer either.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> wrote that Actaeon dedicated his prizes in hunting to Artemis, proposed marriage to her, and even tried to forcefully consummate said "marriage" inside the very sacred temple of the goddess; for this he was given the form "of one of the animals which he was wont to hunt", and then torn to shreds by his hunting dogs. Diodorus also mentioned the alternative of Actaeon claiming to be a better hunter than the goddess of the hunt.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a> also mentions Actaeon attempting to rape Artemis when he finds her bathing naked, and her transforming him into the doomed deer.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diana_and_Actaeon_(Titian)" title="Diana and Actaeon (Titian)">Diana and Actaeon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> (1556–1559), oil in canvas. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a>, London and Edinburg.</figcaption></figure> Apollodorus wrote that when Actaeon saw Artemis bathing, she turned him into a deer on the spot, and intentionally drove his dogs into a frenzy so that they would kill and devour him. Afterward, <a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a> built a sculpture of Actaeon to comfort his dogs in their grief, as they could not find their master no matter how much they looked for him.<a href="#cite_note-:apact-212">[212]</a> According to the Latin version of the story told by the Roman <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, Actaeon was a hunter who after returning home from a long day's hunting in the woods, he stumbled upon Artemis and her retinue of nymphs bathing in her sacred grotto. The nymphs, panicking, rushed to cover Artemis' naked body with their own, as Artemis splashed some water on Actaeon, saying he was welcome to share with everyone the tale of seeing her without any clothes as long as he could share it at all. Immediately, he was transformed into a deer, and in panic ran away. But he did not go far, as he was hunted down and eventually caught and devoured by his own fifty hunting dogs, who could not recognize their own master.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Pausanias says that Actaeon saw Artemis naked and that she threw a deerskin on him so that his hounds would kill him, in order to prevent him from marrying Semele.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Niobe">Niobe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Niobe">edit</a>]</div> The story of <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> and wife of <a href="/wiki/Amphion_and_Zethus" title="Amphion and Zethus">Amphion</a>, who blasphemously boasted of being superior to Leto. This myth is very old; Homer knew of it and wrote that Niobe had given birth to twelve children, equally divided in six sons and six daughters (the <a href="/wiki/Niobids" title="Niobids">Niobids</a>). Other sources speak of fourteen children, seven sons, and seven daughters. Niobe claimed of being a better mother than Leto, for having more children than Leto's own two, "but the two, though they were only two, destroyed all those others."<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Leto was not slow to catch up on that and grew angry at the queen's hubris. She summoned her children and commanded them to avenge the slight against her. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg/290px-Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg/435px-Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg/580px-Niobe_JacquesLouisDavid_1772_Dallas_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6872" data-file-height="5311" /></a><figcaption>A 1772 painting by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> depicting Niobe attempting to shield her children from Artemis and <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art" title="Dallas Museum of Art">Dallas Museum of Art</a>, Dallas.</figcaption></figure> Swiftly Apollo and Artemis descended on Thebes. While the sons were hunting in the woods, Apollo crept up on them and slew all seven with his silver bow. The dead bodies were brought to the palace. Niobe wept for them, but did not relent, saying that even now she was better than Leto, for she still had seven children, her daughters.<a href="#cite_note-Ovid_6.146-223">[223]</a> On cue, Artemis then started shooting the daughters one by one. Right as Niobe begged for her youngest one to be spared, Artemis killed that last one.<a href="#cite_note-Ovid_6.146-223">[223]</a> Niobe cried bitter tears, and was turned into a rock. Amphion, at the sight of his dead sons, killed himself. The gods themselves entombed them. In some versions, Apollo and Artemis spared a single son and daughter each, for they prayed to Leto for help; thus Niobe had as many children as Leto did, but no more.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orion">Orion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Orion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg/340px-Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg/510px-Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Diane_aupr%C3%A8s_du_cadavre_d%27Orion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Seiter" title="Daniel Seiter">Daniel Seiter</a>'s 1685 painting of <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> over Orion's dead body, before he is placed in the heavens. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Orion_(mythology)" title="Orion (mythology)">Orion</a> was Artemis' hunting companion; after giving up on trying to find <a href="/wiki/Oenopion" title="Oenopion">Oenopion</a>, Orion met Artemis and her mother <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>, and joined the goddess in hunting. A great hunter himself, he bragged that he would kill every beast on earth. <a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a>, the earth, was not too pleased to hear that, and sent a giant scorpion to sting him. Artemis then transferred him into the stars as the constellation <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In one version Orion died after pushing Leto out of the scorpion's way.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> In another version, Orion tries to violate Opis,<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> one of Artemis' followers from <a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a>, and Artemis kills him.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In a version by <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, Orion grabs Artemis' robe and she kills him in <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Other writers have Artemis kill him for trying to rape her or one of her attendants.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Istros_the_Callimachean" title="Istros the Callimachean">Istrus</a> wrote a version in which Artemis fell in love with Orion, apparently the only time Artemis ever fell in love. She meant to marry him, and no talk from her brother <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> would change her mind. Apollo then decided to trick Artemis, and while Orion was off swimming in the sea, he pointed at him (barely a spot in the horizon) and wagered that Artemis could not hit that small "dot". Artemis, ever eager to prove she was the better archer, shot Orion, killing him. She then placed him among the stars.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dawn_deities" title="Dawn deities">goddess of the dawn</a> <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a> seduces Orion, angering the gods who did not approve of immortal goddesses taking mortal men for lovers, causing Artemis to shoot and kill him on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ortygia" title="Ortygia">Ortygia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Callisto">Callisto</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Callisto">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_(VII_12_26)_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg/280px-Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg/420px-Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg/560px-Wall_painting_-_Artemis_and_Kallisto_-_Pompeii_%28VII_12_26%29_-_Napoli_MAN_111441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="3701" /></a><figcaption>Artemis (seated and wearing a radiate crown), the beautiful nymph Callisto (left), <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> and other nymphs. Antique fresco from Pompeii. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum, Naples</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> was one of Artemis' hunting attendants, and, as a companion of Artemis, took a vow of chastity.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> in his lost poem <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> appeared to Callisto, and seduced her, resulting in her becoming pregnant. Though she was able to hide her pregnancy for a time, she was soon found out while bathing. Enraged, Artemis transformed Callisto into a bear, and in this form she gave birth to her son <a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a>. Both of them were then captured by shepherds and given to Lycaon, and Callisto thus lost her child. Sometime later, Callisto "thought fit to go into" a forbidden sanctuary of Zeus, and was hunted by the Arcadians, her son among them.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> When she was about to be killed, Zeus saved her by placing her in the heavens as a constellation of a bear.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> In his <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, after recounting the version from Hesiod,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> presents several other alternative versions. The first, which he attributes to <a href="/wiki/Amphis" title="Amphis">Amphis</a>, says that Zeus seduced Callisto by disguising himself as Artemis during a hunting session, and that when Artemis found out that Callisto was pregnant, she replied saying that it was the goddess's fault, causing Artemis to transform her into a bear. This version also has both Callisto and Arcas placed in the heavens, as the constellations <a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major" title="Ursa Major">Ursa Major</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Hyginus then presents another version in which, after Zeus lay with Callisto, it was <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> who transformed her into a bear. Artemis later, while hunting, kills the bear, and "later, on being recognized, <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a> was placed among the stars".<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Hyginus also gives another version, in which Hera tries to catch Zeus and Callisto in the act, causing Zeus to transform her into a bear. Hera, finding the bear, points it out to Artemis, who is hunting; Zeus, in panic, places Callisto in the heavens as a constellation.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tizian_015_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg/300px-Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg/450px-Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg/600px-Tizian_015_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="5527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diana_and_Callisto" title="Diana and Callisto">Diana and Callisto</a>, c. 1556–1559, by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a>, Edinburgh.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> gives a somewhat different version: Zeus seduced Callisto once again disguised as Artemis, but she seems to realise that it is not the real Artemis,<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> and she thus does not blame Artemis when, during bathing, she is found out. Callisto is, rather than being transformed, simply ousted from the company of the huntresses, and she thus gives birth to Arcas as a human. Only later is she transformed into a bear, this time by Hera. When Arcas, fully grown, is out hunting, he nearly kills his mother, who is saved only by Zeus placing her in the heavens.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a>, a version is presented in which Zeus raped Callisto, "having assumed the likeness, as some say, of Artemis, or, as others say, of Apollo". He then turned her into a bear himself so as to hide the event from Hera. Artemis then shot the bear, either upon the persuasion of Hera, or out of anger at Callisto for breaking her virginity.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Once Callisto was dead, Zeus made her into a constellation, took the child, named him Arcas, and gave him to <a href="/wiki/Maia_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maia (mythology)">Maia</a>, who raised him.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a>, presents another version, in which, after Zeus seduced Callisto, Hera turned her into a bear, which Artemis killed to please Hera.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> was then sent by Zeus to take Arcas, and Zeus himself placed Callisto in the heavens.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_myths">Minor myths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Minor myths">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg/340px-Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg/510px-Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg/680px-Tityos_Leto_Louvre_G42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The rape of Leto by Tityos: Apollo (left), tries to grasp Tityos, Leto (middle) pushes him and Artemis (right), ready to stop him. Attic red-figure amphora from Vulci. c. 510–520 BCE, by <a href="/wiki/Phintias_(painter)" title="Phintias (painter)">Phintias</a> Painter. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> When Zeus' gigantic son <a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityos</a> tried to rape Leto, she called out to her children for help, and both Artemis and Apollo were quick to respond by raining down their arrows on Tityos, killing him.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Daedalion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chione (daughter of Daedalion)">Chione</a> was a princess of Phokis. She was beloved by two gods, <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, and boasted that she was more beautiful than Artemis because she had made two gods fall in love with her at once. Artemis was furious and killed Chione with an arrow,<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> or struck her mute by shooting off her tongue. However, some versions of this myth say Apollo and Hermes protected her from Artemis' wrath.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Artemis saved the infant <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a> from dying of <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">exposure</a> after her father abandoned her. She sent a female bear to nurse the baby, who was then raised by hunters. In some stories, Artemis later sent a bear to injure Atalanta because others claimed Atalanta was a superior hunter. Among other adventures, Atalanta participated in the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a>, which Artemis had sent to destroy <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> because King <a href="/wiki/Oeneus" title="Oeneus">Oeneus</a> had forgotten her at the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">harvest sacrifices</a>. In the hunt, Atalanta drew the first blood and was awarded the prize of the boar's <a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">hide</a>. She hung it in a sacred grove at <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a> as a dedication to Artemis. <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a> was a hero of <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Oeneus" title="Oeneus">Oeneus</a> ordered him to gather <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">heroes</a> from all over Greece to hunt the Calydonian boar. After the death of <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a>, Artemis turns his grieving sisters, the <a href="/wiki/Meleagrids" title="Meleagrids">Meleagrids</a>, into <a href="/wiki/Guineafowl" title="Guineafowl">guineafowl</a> that Artemis favoured. In <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Lelantos" title="Lelantos">Lelantos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Periboia" class="mw-redirect" title="Periboia">Periboia</a>, was a companion of Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> When out hunting one day with Artemis, she asserts that the goddess's voluptuous body and breasts are too womanly and sensual, and doubts her virginity, arguing that her own lithe body and man-like breasts are better than Artemis' and a true symbol of her own chastity. In anger, Artemis asks <a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (mythology)">Nemesis</a> for help to avenge her dignity. Nemesis agrees, telling Artemis that Aura's punishment will be to lose her virginity, since she dared question that of Artemis. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_(Diana)_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22,_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original,_Louvre_Museum_(7462739810).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg/260px-Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg/390px-Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg/520px-Artemis_%28Diana%29_from_the_%22Rospigliosi_type%22%2C_Roman_copy_of_the_1st%E2%80%932nd_centuries_AD_after_a_Hellenistic_original%2C_Louvre_Museum_%287462739810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2841" data-file-height="4093" /></a><figcaption>Artemis (Diana) from the "Rospigliosi type", Roman copy of the 1st–2nd centuries CE after a Hellenistic original, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> Museum.</figcaption></figure> Nemesis then arranges for <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> fall in love with Aura. Dionysus intoxicates Aura and rapes her as she lies unconscious, after which she becomes a deranged killer. While pregnant, she tries to kill herself or cut open her belly, as Artemis mocks her over it. When she bore twin sons, she ate one, while the other, <a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a>, was saved by Artemis. The twin sons of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iphimedeia" title="Iphimedeia">Iphimedeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloadae" title="Aloadae">Otos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ephialtes" title="Ephialtes">Ephialtes</a>, grew enormously at a young age. They were aggressive and skilled hunters who could not be killed except by each other. The growth of the <a href="/wiki/Aloadae" title="Aloadae">Aloadae</a> never stopped, and they boasted that as soon as they could reach heaven, they would kidnap Artemis and Hera and take them as wives. The gods were afraid of them, except for Artemis who captured a fine deer that jumped out between them. In another version of the story, she changed herself into a doe and jumped between them.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg/260px-Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg/390px-Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg/520px-Giuseppe-Mazzuoli-The-Death-of-Adonis-hermitag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The Death of Adonis, by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzuoli_(1644%E2%80%931725)" title="Giuseppe Mazzuoli (1644–1725)">Giuseppe Mazzuoli</a>, 1709. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia.</figcaption></figure> The Aloadae threw their <a href="/wiki/Dory_(spear)" title="Dory (spear)">spears</a> and so mistakenly killed one another. In another version, Apollo sent the deer into the Aloadae's midst, causing their accidental killing of each other.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> In another version, they start pilling up mountains to reach Mount Olympus in order to catch <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> and Artemis, but the gods spot them and attack. When the twins had retreated the gods learnt that <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> had been captured. The Aloadae, not sure about what to do with Ares, lock him up in a pot. Artemis then turns into a deer and causes them to kill each other. In some versions of the story of <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a>, Artemis sent a <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> to kill him as punishment for boasting that he was a better hunter than her.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In other versions, Artemis killed Adonis for revenge. In later myths, Adonis is a favorite of <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>, who was responsible for the death of <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(mythology)#Hippolytus_as_Virbius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolytus (mythology)">Hippolytus</a>, who had been a hunter of Artemis. Therefore, Artemis killed Adonis to avenge Hippolytus's death. In yet another version, Adonis was not killed by Artemis, but by <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> as punishment for being with Aphrodite.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polyphonte" title="Polyphonte">Polyphonte</a> was a young woman who fled home in pursuit of a free, virginal life with Artemis, as opposed to the conventional life of marriage and children favoured by Aphrodite. As a punishment, Aphrodite cursed her, causing her to mate and have children with a bear. Artemis, seeing that, was disgusted and sent a horde of wild animals against her, causing Polyphonte to flee to her father's house. Her resulting offspring, <a href="/wiki/Agrius" title="Agrius">Agrius</a> and Oreius, were wild cannibals who incurred the hatred of Zeus. Ultimately the entire family was transformed into birds who became ill <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">portents</a> for mankind.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coronis_(lover_of_Apollo)" title="Coronis (lover of Apollo)">Coronis</a> was a princess from <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> who became the lover of Apollo and fell pregnant. While Apollo was away, Coronis began an affair with a mortal man named <a href="/wiki/Ischys" title="Ischys">Ischys</a>. When Apollo learnt of this, he sent Artemis to kill the pregnant Coronis, or Artemis had the initiative to kill Coronis on her own accord for the insult done against her brother. The unborn child, <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a>, was later removed from his dead mother's womb.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> When two of her hunting companions who had sworn to remain chaste and be devoted to her, <a href="/wiki/Rhodopis_and_Euthynicus" title="Rhodopis and Euthynicus">Rhodopis and Euthynicus</a>, fell in love with each other and broke their vows in a cavern, Artemis turned Rhodopis into a fountain inside that very cavern as punishment. The two had fallen in love not on their own but only after Eros had struck them with his love arrows, commanded by his mother Aphrodite, who had taken offence in that Rhodopis and Euthynicus rejected love and marriage in favour of a chaste life.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> When the monstrous <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a> attacked Olympus, all the terrified gods transformed into various animals and fled to Egypt. Artemis became a cat,<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> as she was identified by the Greeks with the Egyptian feline goddess <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> When the queen of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a> <a href="/wiki/Echemeia" title="Echemeia">Echemeia</a> ceased to worship Artemis, she shot her with an arrow; <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> then snatched the still-living Euthemia and brought her to the Underworld.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trojan_War">Trojan War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Trojan War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_(Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-,_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg/280px-Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg/420px-Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg/560px-Estatua_de_Artemisa_matando_un_ciervo_%28Museo_de_Delos_-Grecia-%2C_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_II_a.C.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2593" data-file-height="3265" /></a><figcaption>Artemis slaying a deer, from the courtyard of House III, 125–100 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Delos" title="Archaeological Museum of Delos">Archaeological Museum of Delos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</figcaption></figure> Artemis may have been represented as a supporter of Troy because her brother <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">patron god</a> of the city, and she herself was widely worshipped in western <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> in historical times. Artemis plays a significant role in the war; like Leto and Apollo, Artemis took the side of the Trojans. In the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, Artemis on her chariot with the golden reins, kills the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Iliad6200-36">[36]</a> Bellorophone was a divine Greek <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">hero</a> who killed the monster <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>. At the beginning of the Greek's journey to Troy, Artemis punished <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> after he killed a sacred stag in a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred grove</a> and boasted that he was a better hunter than the goddess.<a href="#cite_note-Theoi.com-259">[259]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourdon,_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg/260px-Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg/390px-Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg/520px-Bourdon%2C_S%C3%A9bastien_-_Le_Sacrifice_d%27Iphig%C3%A9nie_-_1653.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>The Sacrifice of Iphigeneia (1653) by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Bourdon" title="Sébastien Bourdon">Sébastien Bourdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans">Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans</a></figcaption></figure> When the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Greek fleet</a> was preparing at <a href="/wiki/Aulis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Aulis (ancient Greece)">Aulis</a> to depart for <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> to commence the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, Artemis becalmed the winds. The seer <a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> erroneously advised Agamemnon that the only way to appease Artemis was to sacrifice his daughter <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>. In some version of the myth, Artemis then snatched Iphigenia from the altar and substituted a deer; in others, Artemis allowed Iphigenia to be sacrificed. In versions where Iphigenia survived, a number of different myths have been told about what happened after Artemis took her; either she was brought to <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauris</a> and led the priests there, or she became Artemis' immortal companion.<a href="#cite_note-Theoi.com-259">[259]</a><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> was also helped by Artemis, Leto, and Apollo. Apollo found him wounded by <a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> and lifted him to heaven. There, the three deities secretly healed him in a great chamber. During the <a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">theomachy</a>, Artemis found herself standing opposite of Hera, on which a scholium to the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> wrote that they represent the Moon versus the air around the Earth.<a href="#cite_note-:soi2067-260">[260]</a> Artemis chided her brother Apollo for not fighting Poseidon and told him never to brag again; Apollo did not answer her. An angry Hera berated Artemis for daring to fight her: <blockquote> How now art thou fain, thou bold and shameless thing, to stand forth against me? No easy foe I tell thee, am I, that thou shouldst vie with me in might, albeit thou bearest the bow, since it was against women that Zeus made thee a lion, and granted thee to slay whomsoever of them thou wilt. In good sooth it is better on the mountains to be slaying beasts and wild deer than to fight amain with those mightier than thou. Howbeit if thou wilt, learn thou of war, that thou mayest know full well how much mightier am I, seeing thou matchest thy strength with mine. </blockquote> Hera then grabbed Artemis' hands by the wrists, and holding her in place, beat her with her own bow.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Crying, Artemis left her bow and arrows where they lay and ran to Olympus to cry at her father Zeus' knees, while her mother Leto picked up her bow and arrows and followed her weeping daughter.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Worship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Cult of Artemis at Brauron</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brauron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brauron.jpg/250px-Brauron.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brauron.jpg/375px-Brauron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brauron.jpg/500px-Brauron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>Temple of Artemis at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a>. The stoa and the sacred spring from the SW.</figcaption></figure> Artemis, the goddess of forests and hills, was worshipped throughout <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Her best known <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cults</a> were on the island of <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a> (her birthplace), in Attica at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a> and Mounikhia (near <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>), and in <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. She was often depicted in paintings and statues in a forest setting, carrying a bow and arrows and accompanied by a deer. The ancient Spartans used to sacrifice to her as one of their patron goddesses before starting a new <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">military campaign</a>. <a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Athenian festivals</a> in honor of Artemis included <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mounikhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mounikhia">Mounikhia</a>, Kharisteria, and <a href="/wiki/Brauronia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brauronia">Brauronia</a>. The festival of <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Orthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Orthia">Artemis Orthia</a> was observed in <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. Pre-pubescent and adolescent Athenian girls were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron">sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron</a> to serve the Goddess for one year. During this time, the girls were known as arktoi, or little she-bears. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg/260px-Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg/390px-Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg/520px-Jerash_Temple_of_Artemis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis,_Jerash" title="Temple of Artemis, Jerash">Roman Temple of Artemis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerash,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerash, Jordan">Jerash, Jordan</a>, built during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></figcaption></figure> A myth explaining this servitude states that a bear had formed the habit of regularly visiting the town of Brauron, and the people there fed it, so that, over time, the bear became tame. A girl teased the bear, and, in some versions of the myth, it killed her, while, in other versions, it clawed out her eyes. Either way, the girl's brothers killed the bear, and Artemis was enraged. She demanded that young girls "act the bear" at her sanctuary in atonement for the bear's death.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Artemis was worshipped as one of the primary goddesses of childbirth and midwifery along with <a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a>. Dedications of clothing to her sanctuaries after a successful birth was common in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-265">[265]</a> Artemis could be a deity to be feared by pregnant women, as deaths during this time were attributed to her. As childbirth and pregnancy was a very common and important event, there were numerous other deities associated with it, many localized to a particular geographic area, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hekate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekate">Hekate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-265">[265]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ac_artemisephesus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ac_artemisephesus.jpg/260px-Ac_artemisephesus.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ac_artemisephesus.jpg/390px-Ac_artemisephesus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ac_artemisephesus.jpg/520px-Ac_artemisephesus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The site of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a> at Ephesus. Its final form was one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>.</figcaption></figure> It was considered a good sign when Artemis appeared in the dreams of hunters and pregnant women, but a naked Artemis was seen as an ill omen.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a>, she assisted her mother in the delivery of her twin.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Older sources, such as <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo</a> (in Line 115), have the arrival of Eileithyia on Delos as the event that allows Leto to give birth to her children. Contradictory is <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod's</a> presentation of the myth in <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a>, where he states that Leto bore her children before Zeus' marriage to Hera with no commentary on any drama related to their birth. Despite her being primarily known as a goddess of hunting and the wilderness, she was also connected to dancing, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, and song like her brother Apollo; she is often seen singing and dancing with her nymphs, or leading the chorus of the <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Graces</a> at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, girls of marriageable age performed the partheneia (choral maiden songs) in her honor.<a href="#cite_note-Oxf268-42">[42]</a> An ancient Greek proverb, written down by <a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a>, went "For where did Artemis not dance?", signifying the goddess' connection to dancing and festivity.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical period</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, she was identified with <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hekate</a>. Artemis also assimilated <a href="/wiki/Caryatis" title="Caryatis">Caryatis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carya_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carya (goddess)">Carya</a>). There was a women's cult at <a href="/wiki/Cyzicus" title="Cyzicus">Cyzicus</a> worshiping Artemis, which was called Dolon (Δόλων).<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> Artemis was born on the sixth day of the month <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Thargelion</a> (around <a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a>), which made it sacred for her, as her birthday.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> On the seventh day of the same month was Apollo's birthday.<a href="#cite_note-calendars-272">[272]</a> Artemis was worshipped in many festivals throughout Greece mainland and the islands, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> and south Italy. Most of these festivals were celebrated during spring. <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum,_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_14_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/240px-7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/360px-7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/480px-7316_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Bronze statue of Artemis (Piraeus Artemis), with a quiver at the back and the pose of the fingers which held a bow. A classicistic work, 4th century BCE attributed to <a href="/wiki/Euphranor" title="Euphranor">Euphranor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. The festival <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a> was celebrated on the sixth day of the month <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Elaphebolion</a> (ninth month). The name is related to elaphos (deer) and Artemis is the Deer Huntress. Cakes made from flour, honey, and sesame and in the shape of stags were offered to the goddess during the festival.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-calendars-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Brauron</a>. The festival was remarkable for the arkteia, where girls, aged between five and ten, were dressed in <a href="/wiki/Saffron_(color)" title="Saffron (color)">saffron</a> robes and played at being bears, or "act the bear" to appease the goddess after she sent the plague when her bear was killed. Another commentator says that girls had to placate the goddess for their virginity (parthenia), so that they would not be the object of revenge from her.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>. The festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a> was celebrated on the 6th or 16th day of the month <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Munichion</a> (tenth month). Young girls were dressed up as bears, as for the <a href="/wiki/Brauronia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brauronia">Brauronia</a>. In the temple have been found sherds from the geometric period. The festival commemorated the victory of the Greek fleet over the <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persians</a> at Salamis.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. Artemis had a filial cult of <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Brauronia</a>, near the Acropolis.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrae">Agrae</a>, a district of Athens, with a temple of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Agrotera" title="Agrotera">Agrotera</a>. (huntress) <a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> On the 6th day of the month <a href="/wiki/Boedromion" class="mw-redirect" title="Boedromion">Boedromion</a>, an armed procession would take a large number of goats to the temple. They would all be sacrificed in honor of the victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon" title="Battle of Marathon">Battle of Marathon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The festival was called "Charisteria," also known as the Athenian "Thanksgiving."<a href="#cite_note-calendars-272">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhinus" title="Myrrhinus">Myrrhinus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Deme" title="Deme">deme</a> near Merenda (<a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Mesogaias" title="Markopoulo Mesogaias">Markopoulo</a>). There was a cult of Kolainis.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Kolainis is usually identified with Artemis <a href="/wiki/Amarynthus" title="Amarynthus">Amarysia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Euboia" class="mw-redirect" title="Euboia">Euboia</a>. Some rites and animal sacrifices were probably similar with the rites of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athmonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Athmonia">Athmonia</a>, a deme near <a href="/wiki/Marousi" title="Marousi">Marousi</a>. The festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Amarynthus" title="Amarynthus">Amarysia</a> was no less splendid than the festival of Amarysia in <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halae_Araphenides" title="Halae Araphenides">Halae Araphenides</a>, a deme near <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a>. The fest Tauropolia was celebrated in honour of Artemis Tauropolos. During the festival a human sacrifice was represented in a ritual.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erchia" title="Erchia">Erchia</a> a district of Athens. The modern Athenian airport was built over the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Deme" title="Deme">deme</a>. A festival was celebrated on the 16th day of the month <a href="/wiki/Athenian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian calendar">Metageitnion</a>. Sacrifices were offered to Artemis and <a href="/wiki/Hekate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekate">Hekate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-calendars-272">[272]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central Greece</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_and_Hind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Artemis_and_Hind.jpg/250px-Artemis_and_Hind.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Artemis_and_Hind.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Artemis on her chariot drawn by two hinds. Detail from an Attic red figure crater 460–440 BCE. Attributed to the Painter of the Wooly Satyrs. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyampolis" title="Hyampolis">Hyampolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a>. During an attack of the Thessalians, the Phocians terrified gathered together in one spot their women, children, movable property, and also their clothes, gold and made a vast pyre. The order was that if they would be defeated, all should be killed and would be thrown into the flames together with their property.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> The Phocians achieved a great victory and each year they celebrated their victory in the festival <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> in honour of Artemis. All kinds of offerings were burned in an annual fire, reminding the great pyre of the battle.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a>. The festival <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> was celebrated in the month Laphrios. The cult of Artemis Laphria was introduced by the priests of Delphi Lab(r)yaden who had probably <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Cretan</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Laphria is certainly the Pre-Greek "Mistress of the animals".<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a> . The festival Eucleia was celebrated in honour of Artemis. According to the Labyaden-inscriptions the offerings darata are determined by the specified gamela and pedēia. Eucleia was a goddess of marriage.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Getty_Villa_-_Collection_(5304597483).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg/250px-Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg/375px-Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg/500px-Getty_Villa_-_Collection_%285304597483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Mixing Vessel with Hermes, Apollo and Artemis. Lucanian, 415–400 BCE, attributed to the Palermo Painter. <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a>, California.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tithorea" title="Tithorea">Tithorea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Ancient Phocis</a>. It seems that the festival of <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> was a reform of the festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erineus_(city)" title="Erineus (city)">Erineos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doris_(Greece)" title="Doris (Greece)">Doris</a>. Festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>, indicated by the month Laphrios in the local calendar.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antikyra" title="Antikyra">Antikyra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a>.Cult of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Diktynaia</a>, a popular goddess who was worshipped with great respect.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>. Before marriage a premilinary sacrifice should be made by the bride and the groom to Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarynthos" title="Amarynthos">Amarynthos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Euboia" class="mw-redirect" title="Euboia">Euboia</a>. Festival of Artemis Amarysia. Animals were sacrificed with rites probably similar with the fest <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Aulis (ancient Greece)">Aulis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>. In a festival all kinds of sacrificial animals were offered to the goddess. It seems that the festival was a reverberation of the rites of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>. Calydon is considered the origin of the cult of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolian</a> calendar there was the month Laphrios.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a> Near the city there was the temple of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo Laphrius</a>;<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafpaktos" title="Nafpaktos">Nafpaktos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>. Cult of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_4.31.7-290">[290]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnania</a>. Cult of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Agrotera" title="Agrotera">Agrotera</a> (huntress) in a society of hunters.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_Cycladic_krater_(7th_cent._B.C.)_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg/240px-Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg/360px-Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg/480px-Large_Cycladic_krater_%287th_cent._B.C.%29_in_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_on_21_June_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Apollo's return to Delos from <a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperboreans</a>. Artemis holding a deer welcomes Apollo. Cycladic krater (7th cent. BCE) <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum, Athens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> in <a href="/wiki/Achaea_(ancient_region)" title="Achaea (ancient region)">Achaea</a>. The great festival <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> was celebrated in honour of Artemis. The characteristic rite was the annual fire. Birds, deers, sacrificial animals, young wolves and young bears were thrown alive in a great pyre. Laphria (Pre-Greek name) is the "Mistress of Animals".<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a> Traditionally her cult was introduced from <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_4.31.7-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionians</a> who lived in Ancient Achaea celebrated the annual festival of Artemis Triclaria. Pausanias mentions the legend of human sacrifices to the outraged goddess. The new deity <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>, put an end to the sacrifices.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>. The festival Eucleia was celebrated in honor of Artemis.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigeira" title="Aigeira">Aigeira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Achaea_(ancient_region)" title="Achaea (ancient region)">Achaea</a>. Festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Agrotera" title="Agrotera">Agrotera</a> (huntress). When the Sicyonians attacked the city, the Aigeirians tied torches on all goats of the area and during night they set the torches alight. The Sicyonians believed that Aigeira had a great army and they retreated.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. Festival of Artemis-Orthia. The goddess was associated with the female initiatory rite Partheneion.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Women performed round dances. In a legend <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> stole Helene from the dancing floor of Orthia, during the round-dancing. The significant prize of the competitions was an iron sickle (drepanē) indicating that Orthia was a goddess of vegetation.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> on the road to <a href="/wiki/Amyklai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyklai">Amyklai</a>. Artemis-Korythalia was a goddess of vegetation. Women performed lascivious dances. The fest was celebrated in round huts covered with leaves. The nurses brought the infants in the temple of Korythalia during the fest Tithenedia.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_(1911),_0389,_Diana.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png/280px-Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png/420px-Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png/560px-Star_Lore_Of_All_Ages_%281911%29%2C_0389%2C_Diana.png 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Marble statue of Artemis-Diana in the <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messene" title="Messene">Messene</a> near the borders with <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Festival of Artemis Limnatis (of the lake). The festival was celebrated with cymbals and dances.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> The goddess was worshipped by young women during the festivals of transition from childhood to adulthood.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dereion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dereion">Dereion</a> on <a href="/wiki/Taygetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Taygetos">Taygetos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Cult of Artemis -Dereatis. The festival was celebrated with the hymns calavoutoi and with the obscene dance callabis.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidauros_Limera" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidauros Limera">Epidauros Limera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Cult of Artemis-Limnatis.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryae" title="Caryae">Caryae</a> on the borders between <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> . Festival of Artemis-Caryatis, a goddess of vegetation related to the tree-cult. Each year women performed an exstatic dance called the caryatis.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeae" title="Boeae">Boiai</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Cult of Artemis-Soteira (savior), which was related to the myrtle tree. When the inhabitants of the cities near the gulf were expelled, Artemis with the shape of a hare guided them to a myrtle tree where they built the new city.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gytheion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gytheion">Gytheion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Cult of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a>, in the month Laphrios.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a> . <a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a> (Peloponnese: Pelop's island) had won the sovereignty of <a href="/wiki/Pisa_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisa (Greece)">Pisa</a> and his followers celebrated their victory near the temple of Artemis-Kordaka. They danced the peculiar dance kordax.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_BM_E432.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Artemis_BM_E432.jpg/200px-Artemis_BM_E432.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Artemis_BM_E432.jpg/300px-Artemis_BM_E432.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Artemis_BM_E432.jpg/400px-Artemis_BM_E432.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Artemis hunting a stag, surrounded by Zeus (left), Nikê (top) and Apollo (right). The goddess is wielding a torch. Attic red-figured pelike 370–350 BCE. From Campania, South Italy. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a> . Festival of Artemis-Elaphia in the month Elaphios (elaphos:deer). Elaphia was a goddess of hunting.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letrinoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Letrinoi">Letrinoi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elis" title="Elis">Elis</a> . Festival of Artemis <a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheaia</a>. Girls wearing masks performed dances.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>. Annual festival (panegeris) of Artemis Alpheaia .<a href="#cite_note-Strabo-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>. Annual festival of Artemis Elaphia.<a href="#cite_note-Strabo-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>. Annual festival of Artemis Daphnaia (of the laurel-branch), as a goddess of vegetation.<a href="#cite_note-Strabo-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsus" title="Hypsus">Hypsus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a> near the borders of <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Annual festival of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Diktynna</a>. Her temple was built near the sea.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsus" title="Hypsus">Hypsus</a> . Annual fest of Artemis Daphnaia.(Of the laurel-branch).<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stymphalus_(Arcadia)" title="Stymphalus (Arcadia)">Stymphalus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a> . Festival of Artemis-Stymphalia. The festival begun near the Katavothres where the water overflowed and created a big marsh.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchomenus_(Arcadia)" title="Orchomenus (Arcadia)">Orchomenus</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>. A sanctuary was built for Artemis <a href="/wiki/Hymnia" title="Hymnia">Hymnia</a> where her festival was celebrated every year.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>, on the road to <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Cult of Artemis-Limnatis (of the lake).<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phigalia" title="Phigalia">Phigalia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>. In a battle the Phigalians expelled the conquerors <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a> and recovered their city. On the summit of the Acropolis they built the sanctuary of Artemis-Soteira (Savior) and a statue of the goddess. At the beginning of festivals, all their processions started from the sanctuary.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Troizen">Troizen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolis</a>. Festival of Artemis-Saronia. Near the temple was the grave of the king Saron who was drowned into the sea.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li></ul> <a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegae_(Macedonia)" title="Aegae (Macedonia)">Aegae</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Macedonia">Macedonia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a> had a shrine with dedications in the <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a> of the city. The goddess is associated with Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a>, the goddess of marriage who was widely worshipped in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Chalcidice)" title="Apollonia (Chalcidice)">Apollonia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chalcidice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcidice">Chalcidice</a>. The festival <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a> was celebrated in honor of Artemis in the month <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Elaphebolion</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg/260px-Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg/390px-Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg/520px-Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="2233" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: Artemis holding an oinochoe, Apollo holding a laurel branch and a phiale, about to pour a libation on the altar. Attic red-figure column-krater 450 BCE. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)" title="National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)">National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icaria" title="Icaria">Icaria</a>. The Tauropolion,<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> the temple of Artemis Tauropolos was built at <a href="/wiki/Oenoe_(Icaria)" title="Oenoe (Icaria)">Oinoe</a>. There was another smaller temenos that was sacred to Artemis-Tauropolos on the coast of the island.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a>. Cult of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> who is related to the legend of <a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a>. Cult of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> in the month Laphrios.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>. The great festival <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemisia</a> was celebreted in honor of Artemis. The wealth and splendor of temple and city were taken as evidence of Artemis Ephesia's power. Under Hellenic rule, and later, under Roman rule, the Ephesian Artemisia festival was increasingly promoted as a key element in the pan-Hellenic festival circuit .<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>. Famous festival of Artemis-Pergaia. Under Roman rule Diana-Pergaia is identified with <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Karola-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iasos" title="Iasos">Iasos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>. The festival <a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a> was celebrated in honor of Artemis in the month <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Elaphebolion</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonA-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a>. Festival of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a> in the month Eucleios.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. The festival of Artemis Chitonia was</li></ul> distinguished by a peculiar dance and by a music on the flute. Chitonia (wearing a loose tunic) was a goddess of hunting.<a href="#cite_note-Chitonia-95">[95]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. Festival of Artemis-Lyaia. Men from the countryside came to the city in a rustic dress. They carried a deer-antler on their head and held a shepherd's stab. They sang satirical songs drinking wine. The festival was the link between the comic performance and the countryside.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. Festival of Artemis-<a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a> in the month Eucleios.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonC-285">[285]</a></li> <li>Festival of Artemis-Korythalia. The male dancers wore wooden masks.<a href="#cite_note-NilssonB-296">[296]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attributes">Attributes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attributes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virginity">Virginity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Virginity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg/220px-Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg/330px-Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg/440px-Bronze_statue_of_Artemis._4th_cent._B.C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>This bronze statue of Artemis in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>) dates from the mid-fourth century BCE and was given to sculptor <a href="/wiki/Euphranor" title="Euphranor">Euphranor</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_(1st_cent._B.C.)_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg/260px-Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg/390px-Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg/520px-Statuette_of_Artemis_from_Delos_%281st_cent._B.C.%29_at_the_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens_on_27_March_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="5999" /></a><figcaption> Artemis Diadoumena. Statuette of Artemis from Delos (1st cent. BCE) at the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum, Athens</a></figcaption></figure> An important aspect of Artemis' persona and worship was her virginity, which may seem contradictory, given her role as a goddess associated with childbirth. The idea of Artemis as a virgin goddess likely is related to her primary role as a huntress. Hunters traditionally abstained from sex prior to the hunt as a form of ritual purity and out of a belief that the scent would scare off potential prey. The ancient cultural context in which Artemis' worship emerged also held that virginity was a prerequisite to marriage, and that a married woman became subservient to her husband.<a href="#cite_note-Hjerrild-321">[321]</a> In this light, Artemis' virginity is also related to her power and independence. Rather than a form of asexuality, it is an attribute that signals Artemis as her own master, with power equal to that of male gods. Her virginity also possibly represents a concentration of fertility that can be spread among her followers, in the manner of earlier mother-goddess figures. However, some later Greek writers did come to treat Artemis as inherently asexual and as an opposite to Aphrodite.<a href="#cite_note-Hjerrild-321">[321]</a> Furthermore, some have described Artemis along with the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> as being asexual; this is mainly supported by the fact that in the Homeric Hymns, 5, To Aphrodite, Aphrodite is described as having "no power" over the three goddesses.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_mother_goddess">As a mother goddess</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: As a mother goddess">edit</a>]</div> Despite her virginity, both modern scholars and ancient commentaries have linked Artemis to the archetype of the <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a>. Artemis was traditionally linked to fertility and was petitioned to assist women with childbirth. According to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, Greek playwright <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> identified Artemis with <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> as a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>. Her worshipers in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a> also traditionally associated her with Demeter and Persephone. In Asia Minor, she was often conflated with local mother-goddess figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hjerrild-321">[321]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg/260px-The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg/390px-The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg/520px-The_Artemis_of_Ephesus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>The Artemis of Ephesus, second century CE. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus_Archaeological_Museum" title="Ephesus Archaeological Museum">Ephesus Archaeological Museum</a>, Izmir, Turkey</figcaption></figure> The archetype of the mother goddess, though, was not highly compatible with the Greek pantheon, and though the Greeks had adopted the worship of Cybele and other Anatolian mother goddesses as early as the seventh century BCE, she was not directly conflated with any Greek goddesses. Instead, bits and pieces of her worship and aspects were absorbed variously by Artemis, Aphrodite, and others as Eastern influence spread.<a href="#cite_note-Hjerrild-321">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_the_Lady_of_Ephesus">As the Lady of Ephesus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: As the Lady of Ephesus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a></div> At <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, her temple became one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the World</a>. It was probably the best-known center of her worship except for Delos. There, the Lady whom the Ionians associated with Artemis through <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">interpretatio graeca</a> was worshipped primarily as a mother goddess, akin to the Phrygian goddess Cybele, in an ancient sanctuary where her <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a> depicted the "Lady of Ephesus" adorned with multiple large beads. Excavation at the site of the Artemision in 1987–88 identified a multitude of tear-shaped <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a> beads that had been hung on the original wooden statue (<a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">xoanon</a>), and these were probably carried over into later sculpted copies.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a>, Ephesian metalsmiths who felt threatened by Saint Paul's preaching of Christianity, jealously rioted in her defense, shouting "Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!"<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Of the 121 columns of her temple, only one composite, made up of fragments, still stands as a marker of the temple's location. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_lunar_deity">As a lunar deity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: As a lunar deity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa,_Vis_Museum,_Croatia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG/240px-Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG/360px-Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG/480px-Bust_of_the_goddess_of_Issa%2C_Vis_Museum%2C_Croatia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Praxiteles" title="Praxiteles">Praxitelean</a> bronze head of a goddess (probably Artemis), wearing a <a href="/wiki/Lunate" title="Lunate">lunate</a> crown, 4th century BCE. Found at Issa, <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>, Croatia).</figcaption></figure> No records have been found of the Greeks referring to Artemis as a lunar deity, as their lunar deity was <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a>,<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> but the Romans identified Artemis with Selene leading them to perceive her as a lunar deity, though the Greeks did not refer to her or worship her as such.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> As the Romans began to associate <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> more with <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">personification of the Sun</a>, it was only natural that the Romans would then begin to identify Apollo's twin sister, Artemis, with Helios' own sister, Selene, the personification of the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-:smt-3">[3]</a> Evidence of the <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> of Artemis and Selene is found early on; a <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">scholium</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, claiming to be reporting sixth century BCE author <a href="/wiki/Theagenes_of_Rhegium" title="Theagenes of Rhegium">Theagenes</a>'s interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">theomachy</a> in Book 21, says that in the fight between Artemis and Hera, Artemis represents the Moon, while Hera represents the earthly air.<a href="#cite_note-:soi2067-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-:hard187-331">[331]</a> Active references to Artemis as an illuminating goddess start much later.<a href="#cite_note-:budin-332">[332]</a> Notably, Roman-era author <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> writes how during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a>, Artemis led the Athenians to victory by shining with the <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a>, but all lunar-related narratives of this event come from Roman times, and none of the contemporary writers (such as <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>) makes any mention of the night or the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-:budin-332">[332]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg/240px-Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg/360px-Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg/480px-Artemis_with_torch_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="5326" /></a><figcaption>Marble statue of Artemis-Selene with torch, 3rd century. <a href="/wiki/Museo_Chiaramonti" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Chiaramonti">Museo Chiaramonti</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>.</figcaption></figure> Artemis' connection to childbed and women's labour naturally led to her becoming associated with the menstrual cycle in course of time, thus the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Selene, just like Artemis, was linked to childbirth, as it was believed that women had the easiest labours during the full moon, paving thus the way for the two goddesses to be seen as the same.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-:hard187-331">[331]</a> On that, <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> writes: <blockquote>Apollo, a Greek name, is called <a href="/wiki/Sol_(Roman_mythology)" title="Sol (Roman mythology)">Sol</a>, the sun; and <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_(goddess)" title="Luna (goddess)">Luna</a>, the moon. [...] Luna, the moon, is so called a lucendo (from shining); she bears the name also of <a href="/wiki/Lucina_(mythology)" title="Lucina (mythology)">Lucina</a>: and as in Greece the women in labor invoke <a href="/wiki/Diana_Lucifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana Lucifera">Diana Lucifera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></blockquote> Association to health was another reason Artemis and Selene were syncretized; <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> wrote that Apollo and Artemis were connected to the Sun and the Moon, respectively, which was due to the changes the two celestial bodies caused in the temperature of the air, as the twins were gods of pestilential diseases and sudden deaths.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Roman authors applied Artemis/Diana's byname, "Phoebe", to Luna/Selene, the same way as "Phoebus" was given to <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> due to his identification with Apollo.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Another epithet of Artemis that Selene appropriated is "Cynthia", meaning "born in Mount <a href="/wiki/Cynthus" title="Cynthus">Cynthus</a>."<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> The goddesses Artemis, Selene, and <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a> formed a triad, identified as the same goddess with three avatars: Selene in the sky (moon), Artemis on earth (hunting), and Hecate beneath the earth (Underworld).<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> In Italy, those three goddesses became a ubiquitous feature in depictions of sacred groves, where Hecate/Trivia marked intersections and crossroads along with other liminal deities.<a href="#cite_note-:bergm-340">[340]</a> The Romans enthusiastically celebrated the multiple identities of Diana as Hecate, Luna, and Trivia.<a href="#cite_note-:bergm-340">[340]</a> Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> in his odes enjoins Apollo to listen to the prayers of the boys, as he asks Luna, the "two-horned queen of the stars", to listen to those of the girls in place of Diana, due to their role as protectors of the young.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Nisus_and_Euryalus" title="Nisus and Euryalus">Nisus</a> addresses Luna/the Moon, he calls her "daughter of <a href="/wiki/Latona" class="mw-redirect" title="Latona">Latona</a>."<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> In works of art, the two goddesses were mostly distinguished; Selene is usually depicted as being shorter than Artemis, with a rounder face, and wearing a long robe instead of a short hunting chiton, with a billowing cloak forming an arc above her head.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Artemis was sometimes depicted with a lunate crown.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_Hecate">As Hecate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: As Hecate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg/220px-Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg/330px-Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg/440px-Artemis_torches_Chiaramonti_Inv1432.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>Artemis holding torches. Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century CE after a Greek original of the 4th century BCE. <a href="/wiki/Museo_Chiaramonti" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Chiaramonti">Museo Chiaramonti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a> was the goddess of crossroads, boundaries, ghosts and witchcraft. She is the queen of the witches.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Artemis absorbed the Pre-Greek goddess <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Potnia Theron</a> who was closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nils227-32">[32]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Mycenean_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenean Greece">Mycenean age</a> daimons were lesser deities of ghosts, divine spirits and tutelary deities.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> Some scholars believe that Hecate was an aspect of Artemis prior to the latter's adoption into the Olympian pantheon. Artemis would have, at that point, become more strongly associated with purity and maidenhood on the one hand, while her originally darker attributes like her association with magic, the souls of the dead, and the night would have continued to be worshipped separately under her title Hecate.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Both goddesses carried torches, and were accompanied by a dog. It seems that the character of Artemis in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> was original.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson497-348">[348]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Acacesium" title="Acacesium">Acacesium</a> Artemis Hegemone is depicted holding two torches, and at <a href="/wiki/Lycosura" title="Lycosura">Lycosura</a> Artemis is depicted holding a snake and a torch. A bitch suitable for hunting was lying down by her side.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias374-349">[349]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> calles Artemis Amphipyros, carrying a torch in each hand, however the adjective refers also to the twin fire on the two peaks of the mountain <a href="/wiki/Parnassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnassus">Parnassus</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>. In the fest of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at Delphi Artemis is related to the Pre-Greek mistress of the animals, with barbaric sacrifices and possible connections with magic and ghosts since Potnia Theron was close to the daimons. The annual fire was the characteristique custom of the fest.<a href="#cite_note-Lane91-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paus718-146">[146]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a> in Athens Artemis is clearly identified with Hecate. <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> believes that Kalliste (the most beautiful ) is a surname of Artemis carrying a torch. In <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> the distinctly local goddess <a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a> with the surname <a href="/wiki/Pherai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pherai">Pheraia</a> is identified with Hecate.<a href="#cite_note-Apollo_p.109-124-173">[173]</a> Artemis <a href="/wiki/Pherai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pherai">Pheraia</a> was worshipped in <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias2.23.5-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Symbols">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pittore_di_karlsruhe,_lekythos_con_artemide,_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG/140px-Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG/210px-Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG/280px-Pittore_di_karlsruhe%2C_lekythos_con_artemide%2C_attica_460-450_ac._ca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Artemis with a bow and a deer. Attic lekythos 460–450 BCE</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chariots">Chariots</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Chariots">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG/300px-Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG/450px-Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG/600px-Red-figure_hydria_CPLH_707_detail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Detail of an Attic red-figure hydria depicting Apollo and Artemis. 480–450 BCE by the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Painter" title="Pan Painter">Pan Painter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor_(museum)" title="Legion of Honor (museum)">Legion of Honor (museum)</a>, San Francisco.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> uses the epithet Chrisinios, of the golden reigns, to illustrate the chariot of the goddess of hunting.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson483-350">[350]</a> At the fest of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> the priestess followed the parade on a chariot which was covered with the skin of a deer.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson483-350">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spears,_nets,_and_lyre">Spears, nets, and lyre</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Spears, nets, and lyre">edit</a>]</div> Artemis is rarely portrayed with a hunting spear. In her cult in <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>, the Artemis Aetole was depicted with a hunting spear or javelin.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias_10.38.12-63">[63]</a> Artemis is also sometimes depicted with a fishing spear connected with her cult as a patron goddess of fishing. This conception relates her with Diktynna (<a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_Vol_I_p.311-312-106">[106]</a> As a goddess of maiden dances and songs, Artemis is often portrayed with a lyre in ancient art.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deer">Deer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Deer">edit</a>]</div> Deer were the only animals held sacred to Artemis herself. On seeing a deer larger than a bull with horns shining, she fell in love with these creatures and held them sacred. Deer were also the first animals she captured. She caught five golden-horned deer and harnessed them to her chariot.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Lycosura" title="Lycosura">Lycosura</a> in isolated <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> Artemis is depicted holding a snake and a torch and dressed with a deer skin, besides <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias374-349">[349]</a> It seems that the depictions of Artemis and <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter-Melaina</a> (black) in Arcadia correspond to the earliest conceptions of the first <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> At the fest of <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> the priestess followed the parade on a chariot which was covered with the skin of a deer.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson483-350">[350]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">third labour of Heracles</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a>, consisted of chasing and catching the terrible <a href="/wiki/Ceryneian_Hind" title="Ceryneian Hind">Ceryneian Hind</a>. The hind was a female deer with golden andlers and hooves of bronze and was sacred to Artemis. Heracles begged Artemis for forgiveness and promised to return it alive. Artemis forgave him, but targeted Eurystheus for her wrath.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hunting_dog">Hunting dog</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Hunting dog">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/160px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/240px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg/320px-Artemis_libation_Louvre_CA599.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2820" /></a><figcaption>Artemis with a hunting dog pouring a libation, c. 460–450 BCE.</figcaption></figure> In a legend Artemis got her hunting dogs from <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> in the forest of <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a>. Pan gave Artemis two black-and-white dogs, three <a href="/wiki/Laconian_(dog)" title="Laconian (dog)">reddish ones</a>, and one spotted one – these dogs were able to hunt even lions. Pan also gave Artemis seven bitches of the finest Arcadian race, but Artemis only ever brought seven dogs hunting with her at any one time.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> In the earliest conceptions of Artemis at <a href="/wiki/Lycosura" title="Lycosura">Lycosura</a>, a bitch suitable for hunting was lying down by her side.<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias374-349">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bear">Bear</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bear">edit</a>]</div> In a Pre-Greek cult Artemis was conceived as a bear. <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Kallisto</a> was transformed into a bear, and she is a hypostasis of Artemis with a theriomorph form. In the cults of Artemis at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> <a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a> (arkteia) young virgin girls were disguished to she-bears (arktoi) in a ritual and they served the goddess before marriage.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum,_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_14_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/220px-7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/330px-7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/440px-7406_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Artemis_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>The small <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Artemis" title="Piraeus Artemis">Piraeus Artemis</a>, bronze statue of the 4th century</figcaption></figure> An <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological</a> myth tries to explain the origin of the Arkteia. Every year, a girl between five and ten years of age was sent to Artemis' temple at Brauron. A bear was tamed by Artemis and introduced to the people of Athens. They touched it and played with it until one day a group of girls poked the bear until it attacked them. A brother of one of the girls killed the bear, so Artemis sent a plague in revenge. The Athenians consulted an oracle to understand how to end the plague. The oracle suggested that, in payment for the bear's blood, no Athenian virgin should be allowed to marry until she had served Artemis in her temple (played the bear for the goddess).<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> In a legend of the cult of Munichia if someone killed a bear, then they were to be punished by sacrificing their daughter in the sanctuary. Embaros disguised his daughter dressing her like a bear (arktos), and hid her in the <a href="/wiki/Adyton" title="Adyton">adyton</a>. He placed a goat on the altar and he sacrificed the goat instead of his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boar">Boar</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Boar">edit</a>]</div> The boar is one of the favorite animals of the hunters, and also hard to tame. In honor of Artemis' skill, they sacrificed it to her. <a href="/wiki/Oeneus" title="Oeneus">Oeneus</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> were both killed by Artemis' boar. In <a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="The Odyssey">The Odyssey</a>, she descends from a peak and she travels along the ridges of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Erymanthos" title="Mount Erymanthos">Mount Erymanthos</a>, that was sacred to the "Mistress of the animals".<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson483-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-Odyssey_6.102-96">[96]</a> When the goddess became wrathful she would send the terrible <a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a> to laid waste the farmer's fields. <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> managed to kill the terrible creature during his <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Labors" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Labors">Twelve Labors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keren148-97">[97]</a> In one legend, the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar</a> had terrorized the territory of <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydon</a> because Artemis (the mistress of the animals) was offended. The <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a> is one of the great heroic adventures in Greek legend. The most famous Greek <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">heroes</a> including <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a> took part in the expedition. The fierce-hunter virgin Atalanta allied to the goddess Artemis was the first who wounded the Calydonian boar.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> describes the boar as follows:<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> <dl><dd>A dreadful boar.—His burning, bloodshot eyes</dd> <dd>seemed coals of living fire, and his rough neck</dd> <dd>was knotted with stiff muscles, and thick-set</dd> <dd>with bristles like sharp spikes. A seething froth</dd> <dd>dripped on his shoulders, and his tusks</dd> <dd>were like the spoils of Ind [India]. Discordant roars</dd> <dd>reverberated from his hideous jaws;</dd> <dd>and lightning—belched forth from his horrid throat—</dd> <dd>scorched the green fields. <dl><dd>— <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> 8.284–289 (Brookes More translation)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guinea_fowl">Guinea fowl</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Guinea fowl">edit</a>]</div> Artemis felt pity for the <a href="/wiki/Calydon" title="Calydon">Calydonian</a> princesses <a href="/wiki/Meleagrids" title="Meleagrids">Meleagrids</a> as they mourned for their lost brother, Meleager, so she transformed them into Guinea fowl to be her favorite animals.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buzzard_hawk">Buzzard hawk</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Buzzard hawk">edit</a>]</div> Hawks were the favored birds of many of the gods, Artemis included.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin,_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull,_Tauric_Chersonesos,_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/300px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/450px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg/600px-Coin%2C_Artemis_with_deer_and_bull%2C_Tauric_Chersonesos%2C_4th-3rd_century_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Coin from <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauric</a> <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a> with Artemis, deer, bull, club and <a href="/wiki/Quiver" title="Quiver">quiver</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300 BCE)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bull">Bull</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bull">edit</a>]</div> Artemis is sometimes identified with the mythical bull-goddess in a cult foreign in Greece. The cult can be identified in <a href="/wiki/Halae_Araphenides" title="Halae Araphenides">Halae Araphenides</a> in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>. At the end of the peculiar fest the sacrifice of a man was represented in a ritual.<a href="#cite_note-perseus.tufts.edu-187">[187]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_amphora_(jar)_MET_DP114809.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg/300px-Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg/450px-Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg/600px-Terracotta_amphora_%28jar%29_MET_DP114809.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3791" data-file-height="3792" /></a><figcaption> Apollo (left) and Artemis (right) carrying a torch and flanking an altar. Terracotta amphora (jar) 490 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. Manhattan, New York</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> relates her cult with <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauris</a> (tauros:bull) and with the myth of <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauron</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> brought the image of the goddess from Tauris, to Brauron <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arricia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arricia">Aricia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torch">Torch</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Torch">edit</a>]</div> Artemis is often depicted holding one or two torches. There is not any sufficient explanation for this depiction. The character of the goddess in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadia</a> seems to be original.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson497-348">[348]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Acacesium" title="Acacesium">Acacesium</a> Artemis Hegemone (the leader) is depicted holding two torches. At <a href="/wiki/Lycosura" title="Lycosura">Lycosura</a> the goddess is depicted holding a snake and a torch, and a bitch suitable for hunting was lying down by her side<a href="#cite_note-Pausanias837-183">[183]</a><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> calls Artemis "<a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolos</a>, (deer slayer) Amphipyros (with a fire in each end)" reminding the annual fire of the fest <a href="/wiki/Laphria_(festival)" title="Laphria (festival)">Laphria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> The adjective refers also to the twin fires of the two peaks of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parnassus" title="Mount Parnassus">Mount Parnassus</a> above <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phaedriades" title="Phaedriades">Phaedriades</a>).<a href="#cite_note-αμφίπυρος-73">[73]</a> Heshychius believes that Kalliste is the name of Hecate established at <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a> of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, who some call Artemis (torch bearing). On a relief from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> the goddess is depicted holding a torch in one hand and an offering on the other. The torch was used for the ignition of the fire on the altar.<a href="#cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_p.80,_81-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaic_and_classical_art">Archaic and classical art</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Archaic and classical art">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg/200px-Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg/300px-Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg/400px-Art%C3%A9mis_Potnia_Theron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>Artémis Potnia Theron, 560–550 BCE</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the "mistress of the animals" is usually depicted between two lions with a peculiar crown on her head. The oldest representations of Artemis in Greek Archaic art, circa 550 BCE, portray her as <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Potnia Theron</a> ("Queen of the Beasts"): a winged goddess holding a stag and lioness in her hands, or sometimes a lioness and a lion. Potnia theron is the only Greek goddess close to the <a href="/wiki/Daimons" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimons">daimons</a> and sometimes is depicted with a <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a> head, and the Gorgon is her distant ancestor. This winged Artemis lingered in ex-votos as <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Orthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Orthia">Artemis Orthia</a>, with a sanctuary close by <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>. In Greek classical art she is usually portrayed as a maiden huntress, young, tall, and slim, clothed in a girl's short skirt,<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> with hunting boots, a quiver, a golden or silver bow<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> and arrows. Often, she is shown in the shooting pose, and is accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">hunting dog</a> or stag. When portrayed as a lunar deity, Artemis wore a long robe and sometimes a veil covered her head. Her darker side is revealed in some vase paintings, where she is shown as the death-bringing goddess whose arrows fell young maidens and women, such as the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>. Artemis was sometimes represented in Classical art with the crown of the <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a>, such as also found on <a href="/wiki/Luna_(goddess)" title="Luna (goddess)">Luna</a> and others. On June 7, 2007, a Roman-era bronze sculpture of <a href="/wiki/Artemis_and_the_Stag" title="Artemis and the Stag">Artemis and the Stag</a> was sold at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auction house in New York state by the <a href="/wiki/Albright-Knox_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Albright-Knox Art Gallery">Albright-Knox Art Gallery</a> for $25.5 million. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ancient art</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Funeral_pithos,_Potnia_theron,_Fortetsa_near_Knossos,_850-800_BC,_AMH,_079075.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potnia theron, Fortetsa near Knossos, 850–800 BCE"><img alt="Potnia theron, Fortetsa near Knossos, 850–800 BCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg/90px-Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg/135px-Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg/180px-Funeral_pithos%2C_Potnia_theron%2C_Fortetsa_near_Knossos%2C_850-800_BC%2C_AMH%2C_079075.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1529" data-file-height="2038" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potnia theron, Fortetsa near Knossos, 850–800 BCE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo and Artemis kill the children of Niobe, 460–450 BCE by the Niobid Painter. Louvre, Paris."><img alt="Apollo and Artemis kill the children of Niobe, 460–450 BCE by the Niobid Painter. Louvre, Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/90px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/135px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg/180px-Niobid_Krater_-_Niobid_massacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2880" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo and Artemis kill the children of <a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a>, 460–450 BCE by the <a href="/wiki/Niobid_Painter" title="Niobid Painter">Niobid Painter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia,_Albania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artemis Hecate, as a goddess protector of the necropolis. Marble, 3rd century CE, Apollonia, Albania."><img alt="Artemis Hecate, as a goddess protector of the necropolis. Marble, 3rd century CE, Apollonia, Albania." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg/77px-Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg/115px-Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg/153px-Artemis_Hekate._Apollonia%2C_Albania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="4527" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artemis Hecate, as a goddess protector of the necropolis. Marble, 3rd century CE, <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a>, Albania.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Votive figure Artemis and Hecate"><img alt="Votive figure Artemis and Hecate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg/120px-Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg/180px-Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Plaque_votive_figurant_Art%C3%A9mis_ou_H%C3%A9cate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="136" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Votive figure Artemis and Hecate</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Modern art</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_and_her_hound.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artemis-Diana and her hound"><img alt="Artemis-Diana and her hound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Diana_and_her_hound.jpg/99px-Diana_and_her_hound.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Diana_and_her_hound.jpg/149px-Diana_and_her_hound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Diana_and_her_hound.jpg/199px-Diana_and_her_hound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1447" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artemis-Diana and her hound</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boucher, Artemis-Diana, Louvre"><img alt="Boucher, Artemis-Diana, Louvre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg/120px-Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg/180px-Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg/240px-Boucher_Diane_sortant_du_bain_Louvre_2712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="1758" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boucher, Artemis-Diana, Louvre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_(BM_1899,0120.160).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artemis in a landscape"><img alt="Artemis in a landscape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg/90px-Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg/135px-Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg/180px-Artemis_%28BM_1899%2C0120.160%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1878" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artemis in a landscape</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier"><img alt="Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg/79px-Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg/119px-Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg/158px-Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3760" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artemis-Endymion-Palais-Garnier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolas Poussin (1658) "Landscape with blind Orion seeking the sun". Metropolitan Museum of Arts, Manhattan, New York."><img alt="Nicolas Poussin (1658) "Landscape with blind Orion seeking the sun". Metropolitan Museum of Arts, Manhattan, New York." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg/120px-Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg/180px-Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg/240px-Orion_aveugle_cherchant_le_soleil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3809" data-file-height="2493" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nicolas Poussin (1658) "Landscape with blind Orion seeking the sun". <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum of Arts">Metropolitan Museum of Arts</a>, Manhattan, New York.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_astronomy">In astronomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: In astronomy">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/105_Artemis" title="105 Artemis">105 Artemis</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> discovered in 1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(crater)" title="Artemis (crater)">Artemis (crater)</a> (a tiny crater on the Moon, named in 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Chasma" title="Artemis Chasma">Artemis Chasma</a> (a nearly circular fracture on the surface of the planet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, described in 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Corona" title="Artemis Corona">Artemis Corona</a> (an oval feature largely enclosed by the Artemis Chasma, also described in 1980)</li> <li>Acronym (ArTeMiS) for "Architectures de bolometres pour des Telescopes a grand champ de vue dans le domaine sub-Millimetrique au Sol", a large <a href="/wiki/Bolometer" title="Bolometer">bolometer</a> camera in the <a href="/wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy" title="Submillimetre astronomy">submillimeter</a> range that was installed in 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Pathfinder_Experiment" title="Atacama Pathfinder Experiment">Atacama Pathfinder Experiment</a> (APEX), located in the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> in northern Chile.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_taxonomy">In taxonomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In taxonomy">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> genus <a href="/wiki/Artemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemia">Artemia</a>, which entirely comprises the family Artemiidae, derives from Artemis. Artemia species are aquatic crustaceans known as brine shrimp, the best-known species of which, <a href="/wiki/Artemia_salina" title="Artemia salina">Artemia salina</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sea_monkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea monkeys">sea monkeys</a>, was first described by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a> in 1758. Artemia species live in salt lakes, and although they are almost never found in an open sea, they do appear along the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean coast</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, where the Temple of Artemis once stood. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_modern_spaceflight">In modern spaceflight</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: In modern spaceflight">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a> is an ongoing robotic and <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflight_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of human spaceflight programs">crewed spaceflight program</a> which has the goal of landing "the first woman and the next man" on the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a> region no earlier than 2025.<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> The program is being carried out by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, U.S. <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">commercial spaceflight companies</a>, and international partners such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Artemis_home-372">[372]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Genealogy">edit</a>]</div> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Artemis' family tree <a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Uranus' genitals</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythology)" title="Phoebe (mythology)">Phoebe</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">ARTEMIS</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em">    a<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em">     b<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Semele" title="Semele">Semele</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em">    a<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:0px solid;padding:0.2em">     b<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/48px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/64px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/48px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/64px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myths" title="Portal:Myths">Myths portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendis" title="Bendis">Bendis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_(goddess)" title="Dali (goddess)">Dali (goddess)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus" title="Janus">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">Lunar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Fragment" title="Palermo Fragment">Palermo Fragment</a></li> <li>Regarding Tauropolos: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bull_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (mythology)">Bull (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)#History_and_mythology" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus (Mythology)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Artemis-Greek-goddess">"Artemis | Myths, Symbols, & Meaning"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Artemis+%7C+Myths%2C+Symbols%2C+%26+Meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FArtemis-Greek-goddess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:merr-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:merr_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:merr_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. 1995. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C&pg=PA74">74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877790426" title="Special:BookSources/9780877790426"><bdi>9780877790426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Literature&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780877790426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:smt-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:smt_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:smt_3-1">b</a> Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D47%3Aentry%3Dartemis-bio-2">s.v. Artemis</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.21 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> (5), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D5%3Acard%3D1">p.21–32</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomanRoman2010" class="citation book cs1">Roman, Luke; Roman, Monica (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOgWfjNIxoMC&q=Encyclopedia+of+Greek+and+roman+mythology+cite&pg=PP1">Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology</a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438126395" title="Special:BookSources/9781438126395"><bdi>9781438126395</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Greek+and+Roman+Mythology&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781438126395&rft.aulast=Roman&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Roman%2C+Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOgWfjNIxoMC%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BGreek%2Band%2Broman%2Bmythology%2Bcite%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Artemis&allowed_in_frame=0">"Artemis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artemis&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DArtemis%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babiniotis-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Babiniotis_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babiniotis_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabiniotis2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Babiniotis" title="Georgios Babiniotis">Babiniotis, Georgios</a> (2005). "Άρτεμις". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Modern_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of Modern Greek">Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας</a>. Athens, EL: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας. p. 286.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E%CE%86%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%82%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=Athens%2C+EL&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF+%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Babiniotis&rft.aufirst=Georgios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">R.S.P. Beekes</a>, 2009, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, p.142 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Indogermanica et Caucasica: Festschrift fur Karl Horst Schmidt zum 65. Geburtstag (Studies in Indo-European language and culture), W. de Gruyter, 1994, Etyma Graeca, p.213–214, on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P3vb4KDB_UkC&dq=lydian+artimus&pg=PA213">Google books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Houwink ten Cate, 1961, The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic Period (Leiden) p 166, noted in this context by <a href="#CITEREFBrown2004">Brown (2004)</a>, p. 252 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Michaël Ripinsky-Naxon (1993) The Nature of Shamanism: Substance and function of a religious metaphor, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, p 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Campanile, Ann. Scuola Pisa 28:305 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Restelli, Aevum 37:307, 312 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Edwin L. (2004). "In search of Anatolian Apollo". Hesperia Supplements. Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr. 33: 243–257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hesperia+Supplements&rft.atitle=In+search+of+Anatolian+Apollo&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=243-257&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Edwin+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> — Artemis, as Apollo's inseparable twin, is discussed at p 251 ff </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwickBaumbach1963" class="citation journal cs1">Chadwick, John; <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Baumbach" title="Lydia Baumbach">Baumbach, Lydia</a> (1963). "The Mycenaean Greek vocabulary". Glotta. 41 (3–4): 157–271, esp. p 176 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glotta&rft.atitle=The+Mycenaean+Greek+vocabulary&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=157-271%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Eesp.+p+176+ff%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Baumbach%2C+Lydia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> — s.v. Ἂρτεμις, a-te-mi-to- (genitive) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouvinous1970" class="citation journal cs1">Souvinous, C. (1970). "A-TE-MI-TO and A-TI-MI-TE". Kadmos. 9: 42–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=A-TE-MI-TO+and+A-TI-MI-TE&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=42-47&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Souvinous&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristidisc._1970" class="citation journal cs1">Christidis, T. (c. 1970). "Further remarks on A-TE-MI-TO and A-TI-MI-TE". Kadmos. 11: 125–128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kadmos&rft.atitle=Further+remarks+on+A-TE-MI-TO+and+A-TI-MI-TE&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=125-128&rft.aulast=Christidis&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthon1855-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anthon1855_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anthon1855_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anthon1855_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthon1855" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthon" title="Charles Anthon">Anthon, Charles</a> (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TIYMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA210">"Artemis"</a>. A Classical Dictionary. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. p. 210 – via Google books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artemis&rft.btitle=A+Classical+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Anthon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTIYMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_Lang-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_Lang_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_Lang_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang1887" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lang" title="Andrew Lang">Lang, Andrew</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/mythritualreligi02lang#page/209/mode/1up">Myth, Ritual, and Religion</a>. London, UK: Longmans, Green and Co. pp. 209–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Religion&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=209-210&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmythritualreligi02lang%23page%2F209%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/rtamos">ἄρταμος</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*)/artemis">Ἄρτεμις</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)rtemh/s">ἀρτεμής</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVan_Windekens1986">Van Windekens (1986)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/van-windekens-dictionnaire-etymologique-complementaire-de-la-langue-grecque-1986/page/18/mode/2up">19‒20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlažek2016" class="citation journal cs1">Blažek, Václav (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/136225">"Artemis and her family"</a>. Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 21 (2): 29–50, esp. p 40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5817%2FGLB2016-2-4">10.5817/GLB2016-2-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib%2F136225">11222.digilib/136225</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2336-4424">2336-4424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graeco-Latina+Brunensia&rft.atitle=Artemis+and+her+family&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=29-50%2C+esp.+p+40&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11222.digilib%2F136225&rft.issn=2336-4424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5817%2FGLB2016-2-4&rft.aulast=Bla%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A1clav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F11222.digilib%2F136225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page224mode2upqviewtheater_p.225]-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page224mode2upqviewtheater_p.225]_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell2012">Powell 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmyth0000powe_l2w2/page/224/mode/2up?q=&view=theater">p.225</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Dietrich, "The origins of Greek religion", p.185 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Nilsson,"Geschichte", Vol I, p.481 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Nilsson,"Geschichte",Vol I, p.483-484 and 493-494 </li> <li id="cite_note-Suid.1-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suid.1_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suid.1_29-1">b</a> Suidas s,v : " Arkteusai (being bears) ..... is established for the virgins before marriage at the temples of Artemis Mounychia and Brauronia </li> <li id="cite_note-Geschichte-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_30-16">q</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol. I, p. 482-487 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page56mode2upqviewtheater_56]-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell2012[httpsarchiveorgdetailsclassicalmyth0000powe_l2w2page56mode2upqviewtheater_56]_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell2012">Powell 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmyth0000powe_l2w2/page/56/mode/2up?q=&view=theater">56</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nils227-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nils227_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nils227_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nils227_32-2">c</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.227 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lane91-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lane91_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lane91_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lane91_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lane91_33-3">d</a> Lane Fox, Robin. Pagan and Christians. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1989. p.90-91 </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Atalanta_Legend_in_Art_and_Lite-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Atalanta_Legend_in_Art_and_Lite_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Atalanta_Legend_in_Art_and_Lite_34-1">b</a> Howell 1989",<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowellHowell1989" class="citation journal cs1">Howell, Reet A.; Howell, Maxwell L. (1989). "The Atalanta Legend in Art and Literature". Journal of Sport History. 16 (2): 127–139. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43609443">43609443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sport+History&rft.atitle=The+Atalanta+Legend+in+Art+and+Literature&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=127-139&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43609443%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Reet+A.&rft.au=Howell%2C+Maxwell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImmendörfer2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0cxjssVerbkCpgPA224_p.224-225]_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFImmendörfer2017">Immendörfer 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0cxjssVerbkC&pg=PA224">p.224-225</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Iliad6200-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad6200_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad6200_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad6200_36-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+6.205&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134">Iliad 6.200</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.498 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson492-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson492_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson492_39-1">b</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.492,493 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.499 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson251-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson251_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson251_41-1">b</a> Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol. I, p.251, 252 </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxf268-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxf268_42-6">g</a> The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome Vol I, 7, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=PA268">Oxford Encyclop, p.268</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.161,490 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.315,486-487 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.83 </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremmer2008" class="citation book cs1">Bremmer, Jan N. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTfxZH4QnqgC&dq=artemis+lygodesma&pg=PA187">Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East</a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004164734" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004164734"><bdi>978-9004164734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Religion+and+Culture%2C+the+Bible%2C+and+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9004164734&rft.aulast=Bremmer&rft.aufirst=Jan+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTfxZH4QnqgC%26dq%3Dartemis%2Blygodesma%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol I, p.495 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.29.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">1.29.2 Pausanias 1.29.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amazonsliveslege0000mayo">The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691147208" title="Special:BookSources/9780691147208"><bdi>9780691147208</bdi></a>. Retrieved 12 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.isbn=9780691147208&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famazonsliveslege0000mayo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstan2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidr1QgBQAAQBAJpgPA65_65]-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstan2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidr1QgBQAAQBAJpgPA65_65]_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstan2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidr1QgBQAAQBAJpgPA65_65]_50-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKonstan2014">Konstan 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1QgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA65">65</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dialogues_of_the_Gods" title="Dialogues of the Gods">Dialogues of the Gods</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section16">Hera and Leto</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0o-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0o_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0o_52-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> 6.102 ff </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> 3.138 ff </li> <li id="cite_note-D182-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D182_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-D182_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-D182_54-2">c</a> B.C Dietrich (1974), The origins of the Greek religion p.181,182 :<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZVsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181">p.181–182</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Burkert (1985),Greek religion, p.21 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Larson, Jennifer (1997). "Handmaidens of Artemis?". The Classical Journal. 92 (3): 249–257. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3298110">3298110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Journal&rft.atitle=Handmaidens+of+Artemis%3F&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-257&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3298110%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol I, p.498 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> A not localized <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">phallic</a> dance of women is connected with the boisterous and nudge dances of the cult of Artemis, as a goddess of vegetation": Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.491 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> "Hospitality to the strangers and freedom for all": L.H.Jeffery (1976), The city states, c.700-500 BCE, p.6, Ernest Benn Limited </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Martin Nilsson (1967), "Die Geschichte der Griechischen religion", C.H. Beck Verlag, Munchen, p.481-500 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz1867" class="citation book cs1">Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211114659/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0035.html">"Aeginaea"</a>. In Smith, William (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a>. Vol. 1. Boston. p. 26. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0035.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aeginaea&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Leonhard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fsmith-bio%2F0035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=aiginai%2Fa&la=greek#Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=*ayi)ginai/h-contents">Αιγινάίη</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias_10.38.12-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_10.38.12_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias_10.38.12_63-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D10%3Achapter%3D38%3Asection%3D12">Pausanias 10.38.12</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+5.15.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 5.15.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geschichte2-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte2_65-8">i</a> Nilsson, "Geshichte", Vol I, p.494-500 </li> <li id="cite_note-Iliad214-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad214_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad214_66-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+21.471&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134">Iliad 21.471</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2005" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EkXh9roRTC0C">Polytheism and Society in Athens</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 56, 178, 400, 419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-921611-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-921611-8"><bdi>0-19-921611-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polytheism+and+Society+in+Athens&rft.pages=56%2C+178%2C+400%2C+419&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-921611-8&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEkXh9roRTC0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bell" title="Robert E. Bell">Bell, Robert E.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell">Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/17">17</a>, 191, 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87436-581-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87436-581-3"><bdi>0-87436-581-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+Classical+Mythology%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=17%2C+191%2C+253&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-87436-581-3&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenofclassical00bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geschichte1-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte1_69-18">s</a> Nilsson, "Gescichte", Vol. I, p.488-493 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.490-491 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D22%3Asection%3D8">Pausanias 6.22.8-6.22.9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I p.495 A4 :Sophocles, Trach.205 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0011,001:214&lang=original">Sophocles Trach.214</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-αμφίπυρος-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-αμφίπυρος_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-αμφίπυρος_73-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)mfi/puros">αμφίπυρος</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.16.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.16.8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Heschychius Schol.ad.Theocr. ii 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=aggelos&la=greek#lexicon">άγγελος</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gesch315-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gesch315_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gesch315_77-1">b</a> Nillson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.315-317 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.23.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.23.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.30.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.30.3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Strabo Geographica vp 239 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.27.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.27.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Heshych : Kalliste..... Hecate established in Kerameikos, who some call Artemis </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Plutarch, Themistocles 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.eds/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.25.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.25.3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol I, p.823 </li> <li id="cite_note-Blund33-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blund33_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blund33_86-1">b</a> Blundell, Sue and Margaret Williamson, eds. The Sacred and the Feminine in Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge, 1998, 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-Stinton26-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Stinton26_87-0">^</a> Stinton, T. C. W. 1976 is. “Iphigeneia and the Bears of Brauron.” The Classical Quarterly 26:11-13 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Thomas J. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/852866">"Iphigenia in the Iliad and the Architecture of Homeric Allusion"</a>. TAPA. 152: 55–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fapa.2022.0007">10.1353/apa.2022.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248236106">248236106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAPA&rft.atitle=Iphigenia+in+the+Iliad+and+the+Architecture+of+Homeric+Allusion&rft.volume=152&rft.pages=55-101&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fapa.2022.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248236106%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F852866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Euripides, "Iphigeneia among the Taurrians", 1446-1468 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=boulai%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">βουλαία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Artemis the adviser, Skyris. (related to the family of Skyridai), a form of the mother-goddess: Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol I, p.498 A1 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=boulai%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">βουληφόρος</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=karua%2Ftis&la=greek#lexicon">Καρύαι</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Sarah Iles Johnston, Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece. (Berkeley: University of ~California Press), 1999:227 </li> <li id="cite_note-Chitonia-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chitonia_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitonia_95-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0063%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Dchitonia-cn">Chitonia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Odyssey_6.102-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Odyssey_6.102_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Odyssey_6.102_96-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+6.102&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135">Odyssey 6.102</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keren148-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keren148_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keren148_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keren148_97-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keren148_97-3">d</a> Kerenyi(1959), "The Heroes of the Greeks", p.150-151 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heroes-of-the-greeks-carl-kerenyi/page/n179/mode/2up">The Heroes of the Greeks, p.148-151</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iliad21-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad21_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iliad21_98-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+21.483&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134">Iliad 21.480-21.485</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> u <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.28.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.28.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.18.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.18.4)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=37CPbHwqPjwC&pg=PA96">Imky Panen(2010) : When the bad bleeds, Bonn University Press</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.124 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DD%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Ddaphnaea-bio-1">Daphnaea</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.161 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=ka%2Fllabis&la=greek#lexicon">καλλαβίς</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_Vol_I_p.311-312-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson,_Geschichte_Vol_I_p.311-312_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson,_Geschichte_Vol_I_p.311-312_106-1">b</a> Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.311-312 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Calimachus: Hymn III V 189 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Dietrich, "The origins of the Greek religion", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rgWHB3QMB3sC&pg=PA109">p.109</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/webstersnewunive0000unse_o3r6/page/458/mode/2up">Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary</a>. New York: Barnes & Noble. 1994. p. 458. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56619-147-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56619-147-5"><bdi>1-56619-147-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+Universal+Unabridged+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=458&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56619-147-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwebstersnewunive0000unse_o3r6%2Fpage%2F458%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.495 -A4 </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0011,001:214&lang=original">Sophocles's Trach.214</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> proteleia gamon : sacrifices oferred before the marriage </li> <li id="cite_note-Plutarch_Arist.20-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Plutarch_Arist.20_113-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0007,024:20&lang=original">Plutarch Arist.20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> During the festival, the offerings darata correspond to the offerings gamela (offerings of marriage) during the <a href="/wiki/Apaturia" title="Apaturia">Apaturia</a> : Nilsson, Vol I, p 493. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=ga%2Fmela&la=greek#lexicon">γάμελα</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peitho-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peitho_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peitho_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Amy C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/6921/1/200501.pdf">"The politics of weddings at Athens: an iconographic assessment"</a> (PDF). Leeds International Classical Studies. 4 (1): 1–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+International+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+politics+of+weddings+at+Athens%3A+an+iconographic+assessment&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-32&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Amy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentaur.reading.ac.uk%2F6921%2F1%2F200501.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> pp. 2-4,24 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson,_Geschichte_p.80,_81-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson,_Geschichte_p.80,_81_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson,_Geschichte_p.80,_81_117-1">b</a> Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol. I, p.80, 81 </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.41.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.41.4-8.41.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.37.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.37.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=e%29lei%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">ελεία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DH%3Aentry+group%3D6%3Aentry%3Dhemeresia-bio-1">Hemeresia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.14.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.14.5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.89-90 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrulé2003" class="citation book cs1">Brulé, Pierre (2003). "The feminine and the sacred". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r28xEAAAQBAJ">Women of Ancient Greece</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748679843" title="Special:BookSources/9780748679843"><bdi>9780748679843</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+feminine+and+the+sacred&rft.btitle=Women+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780748679843&rft.aulast=Brul%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr28xEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.13.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.13.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jane_Ellen_Harrison_1903-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Jane_Ellen_Harrison_1903_126-0">^</a> Jane Ellen Harrison, A Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1903), "The Maiden-Trinities" p.286ff </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+24.603&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134">Iliad 24.603</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeake1830" class="citation web cs1">Leake, William Martin (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eA0xf2SuS2gC&q=polyaen+issorium&pg=PA177">"Travels in the Morea: with a map and plans"</a>. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Travels+in+the+Morea%3A+with+a+map+and+plans&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Leake&rft.aufirst=William+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeA0xf2SuS2gC%26q%3Dpolyaen%2Bissorium%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.14.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.14.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.35.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.35,8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Nilsson,"Geschichte", Vol I p.214 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.%20Il.%2016.183&lang=original">Iliad 16.183</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=*kolaini%2Fs&la=greek&can=*kolaini%2Fs0#lexicon">κολαινίς</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.783 :Aristophanes,Lysistr. V 641, V 388 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0019,003:52&lang=original">Aristoph. Clouds 52</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=genetulli%2Fs&la=greek#lexicon">γενετυλλις</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.23.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.23.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson_p.161,_490-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson_p.161,_490_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson_p.161,_490_138-1">b</a> Nilsson, Geschichte Vol I, p.161, 490 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=korda%2Fka&la=greek#lexicon">κόρδαξ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Heshychius: "Korythali.........some call the "eirisione" :<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=eiresiw%2Fnh&la=greek#lexicon">ειρισιώνη</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> A similar custom exists in modern Greece, at the beginning of May. The May-wreath is hanged over the door of house </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Nilsson (1967), Geschichte Vol I, p.123, 490 </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Hesych. Kyrritoi, the buffoons with the wooden faces who celebrate the "Korythalia" </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Heshych. Tavris (tavros:bull), a phallic dance of the people of Taras </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=lafri%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">λαφρία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paus718-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paus718_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paus718_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paus718_146-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D18%3Asection%3D11">Pausanias 7.18.11-7.18.12</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> "At Delphi the festival "Laphria" was introduced by the priests of Delphi "Lab(r)yaden". :<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2009" class="citation book cs1">Sweeney, Emmet John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wI6zh4E06TgC&q=Labryades&pg=PA116">Gods, Heroes and Tyrants: Greek chronology in chaos</a>. Algora Publishing. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875866826" title="Special:BookSources/9780875866826"><bdi>9780875866826</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods%2C+Heroes+and+Tyrants%3A+Greek+chronology+in+chaos&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780875866826&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Emmet+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwI6zh4E06TgC%26q%3DLabryades%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Strabo VIII, p.387 : Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.130 </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D10%3Achapter%3D38%3Asection%3D12">Pausanias 4.31.7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> At birth she was abandoned by her father and then she was nursed by a she-bear (the symbol of Artemis with a Pre-Greek theriomorph form.) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/aelian/varhist13.html">"Aelian: Various Histories. Book XIII, Ch. 1"</a>. penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aelian%3A+Various+Histories.+Book+XIII%2C+Ch.+1&rft.pub=penelope.uchicago.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2Faelian%2Fvarhist13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowellHowell1989" class="citation journal cs1">Howell, Reet A.; Howell, Maxwell L. (1989). "The Atalanta Legend in Art and Literature". Journal of Sporet History. 16 (2): 127–139. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43609443">43609443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sporet+History&rft.atitle=The+Atalanta+Legend+in+Art+and+Literature&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=127-139&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43609443%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Reet+A.&rft.au=Howell%2C+Maxwell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=limnai%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">λιμναία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D2">Pausanias 4.4.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=loxi%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">λοχία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=lukei%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">λυκεία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.31.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.31.4)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.36.7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.36.7-8.36.8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.16.11&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.16.11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Porphyr.Antr 18-19 </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimbutas2007" class="citation book cs1">Gimbutas, Marija (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zKFFOoPlyjIC&q=melissa+goddess&pg=PA182">The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: Myths and Cult Images</a>. University of California Press. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25398-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25398-8"><bdi>978-0-520-25398-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goddesses+and+Gods+of+Old+Europe%3A+Myths+and+Cult+Images&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25398-8&rft.aulast=Gimbutas&rft.aufirst=Marija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzKFFOoPlyjIC%26q%3Dmelissa%2Bgoddess%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.2.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 1.2.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=mounuxi%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">μουνυχία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.20.9&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausan. 3.20.9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Euripides Herc. Fur.376 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"The Library 2. 5. 3-4". Apollodorus the Library. Vol. 1. Translated by Frazer, Sir James George. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. pp. 191 with the Scholiast. ark:/13960/t00012x9f.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Library+2.+5.+3-4&rft.btitle=Apollodorus+the+Library&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191+with+the+Scholiast&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuddaby2014" class="citation journal cs1">Suddaby, Toryn (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29173%2Fcons24110">"Masks and Maidens: Women and the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia"</a>. Constellations. 6 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29173%2Fcons24110">10.29173/cons24110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2562-0509">2562-0509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Constellations&rft.atitle=Masks+and+Maidens%3A+Women+and+the+Sanctuary+of+Artemis+Orthia&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.29173%2Fcons24110&rft.issn=2562-0509&rft.aulast=Suddaby&rft.aufirst=Toryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.29173%252Fcons24110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Plutarch Arist.17 </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer-HansenPoulsen2009" class="citation book cs1">Fischer-Hansen, Tobias; Poulsen, Birte (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2garBSREfywC&dq=From+Artemis+to+Diane%2C+The+Goddess+of+Man+and+Beast&pg=PA9">From Artemis to Diana: The Goddess of Man and Beast</a>. Museum Tusculanum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788763507882" title="Special:BookSources/9788763507882"><bdi>9788763507882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Artemis+to+Diana%3A+The+Goddess+of+Man+and+Beast&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788763507882&rft.aulast=Fischer-Hansen&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft.au=Poulsen%2C+Birte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2garBSREfywC%26dq%3DFrom%2BArtemis%2Bto%2BDiane%252C%2BThe%2BGoddess%2Bof%2BMan%2Band%2BBeast%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D16%3Asection%3D9">Pausanias 3.16.9-3.16.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.21.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.21.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karola-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karola_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karola_171-1">b</a> Margret Karola, Johannes Nollé: Götter, Städte, Feste. Kleinasiatische Münzen der römischen Kaiserzeit. Staatliche Münzsammlung, München 2014, S. 61 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias2.23.5-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias2.23.5_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias2.23.5_172-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.23.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias2.23.5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_p.109-124-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_p.109-124_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_p.109-124_173-1">b</a> C.D.Graninger "Apollo, Enodia and fourth century Thessaly" Kernos22/2009 p.109-124 </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=Phoebe&la=la&can=phoebe0&prior=*foi/bh#lexicon">Phoebe</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=potami%2Fa&la=greek#lexicon">ποταμία</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D17%3Aentry%3Dalpheias-bio-1">Alfeias</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Image : Nilsson, Geschichte, Vol I, Table 30.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Nilsson,Geschichte, Vol I, p.295-297 </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=pu%2Fqios&la=greek#lexicon">Πύθιος</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.30.7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 2.30.7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=se%2Flas&la=greek#lexicon">σέλας</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.480 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias837-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias837_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias837_183-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.37.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.37.1, 8.37.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D22%3Asection%3D8">Pausanias 8.228-8.22.9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+IT+1156&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0112">Euripidis, Iphigenia in Tauris 1170-1179</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.16.7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 3.16.7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-perseus.tufts.edu-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perseus.tufts.edu_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perseus.tufts.edu_187-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+IT+1450&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0112">Euripides,Iphigeneia in Tauris 1450-1460</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Strabo IX, 599 </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=toci%2Ftis&la=greek#lexicon">τοξίτης</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=toc-i%2Fa&la=greek&can=toc-i%2Fa0#lexicon">τοξίας</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+7.20.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 7.20.1-7.20.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D19%3Asection%3D1">Pausanias 7.19.1-7.19.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=corythallia-bio-1">A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Corythallia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShelmerdine1995[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVVowBQAAQBAJpgPA63_63]-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShelmerdine1995[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVVowBQAAQBAJpgPA63_63]_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShelmerdine1995">Shelmerdine 1995</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VVowBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA63">63</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgPjZOB1YNqACpgPA368_368]-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgPjZOB1YNqACpgPA368_368]_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRutherford2001">Rutherford 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gPjZOB1YNqAC&pg=PA368">368</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">1.9</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D21%3Acard%3D502">21.502–510</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D901">918–920</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> 3 to <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D3%3Acard%3D1">14–18</a>; Gantz, p.38; cf. <a href="/wiki/Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymn</a> 35 to Leto, 3–5 (Athanassakis & Wolkow, p.31) </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Hammond. Oxford Classical Dictionary. p.597-598 </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> Or as a separate island birthplace of Artemis: "Rejoice, blessed Leto, for you bear glorious children, the lord Apollon and Artemis who delights in arrows; her in Ortygia, and him in rocky Delos," says the <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a>; the etymology Ortygia, "Isle of Quail", is not supported by modern scholars </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> McLeish, Kenneth. Children of the Gods pp 33f; Leto's birth-pangs, however, are graphically depicted by ancient sources </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, Commentary on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil's</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D3%3Acommline%3D73">3.73</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsarchiveorgdetailsrutherford-2001-pindars-paeanspage364mode2upviewtheater_364–365]-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford2001[httpsarchiveorgdetailsrutherford-2001-pindars-paeanspage364mode2upviewtheater_364–365]_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRutherford2001">Rutherford 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rutherford-2001-pindars-paeans/page/364/mode/2up?view=theater">364–365</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryce1983" class="citation journal cs1">Bryce, Trevor R. (1 January 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4435828">"The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia"</a>. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 32 (1). <a href="/wiki/Franz_Steiner_Verlag" title="Franz Steiner Verlag">Franz Steiner Verlag</a>: 1–13. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435828">4435828</a>. Retrieved 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia%3A+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Alte+Geschichte&rft.atitle=The+Arrival+of+the+Goddess+Leto+in+Lycia&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4435828%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4435828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Historic Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4D*.html#p83">4.84.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/2#5.50">5.50</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> "I think that this is an <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">aetiological myth</a>, intended to explain the rite in which a human effigy was burnt upon a pyre in the festival of the hunters' goddess," observes <a href="/wiki/Martin_P._Nilsson" title="Martin P. Nilsson">Martin P. Nilsson</a>, "Fire-Festivals in Ancient Greece", The Journal of Hellenic Studies 43.2 (1923:144-148) p.144 note 2; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a>, Epitome <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DEpitome%3Abook%3DE%3Achapter%3D2%3Asection%3D2">2.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Forbes Irving, p.89, 149 n. 1, 166; Fontenrose, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tD4lJxC95mEC&pg=PA125">p.125</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a>, 17 (Celoria, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&pg=PA71">p.71</a>; Papathomopoulos, p.31) </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Plutarch" title="Pseudo-Plutarch">Pseudo-Plutarch</a>, De fluviis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0094.tlg001.perseus-eng1:22">22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> Heath, "The Failure of Orpheus", Transactions of the American Philological Association 124 (1994:163-196) p.196 </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Walter Burkert</a>, Homo Necans (1972), translated by Peter Bing (University of California Press) 1983, p.111 </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Lacy, "Aktaion and a Lost 'Bath of Artemis'" The Journal of Hellenic Studies 110 (1990:26-42) </li> <li id="cite_note-:apact-212">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:apact_212-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:apact_212-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D4">3.4.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> Aeschylus fr 135 (244), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ryanfb.github.io/loebolus-data/L146.pdf">Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, Eumenides, Fragments</a>. Translated by Smyth, Herbert Weir. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> Volume 146. Cambridge, MA. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 1926, p.464 </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Mattheson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_UTwjgroSIC&pg=PA264">p.264</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacchae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchae">Bacchae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0092%3Acard%3D298">330-342</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, Hymn 5 On the Bath of Pallas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/callimachuslycop00calluoft/page/120/mode/2up?view=theater">109-115</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Historic Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4D*.html#p75">4.81.3-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#181">181</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Actaeon" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Actaeon">Actaeon</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Actaeon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=157&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> Ovid, Metamorphoses <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D3%3Acard%3D138">3.138 ff.</a>; Grimal, s.v. Actaeon, p.10 </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Description of Greece <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.2.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">9.2.3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> 24.602 ff, trans. Lattimore </li> <li id="cite_note-Ovid_6.146-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ovid_6.146_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ovid_6.146_223-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D6%3Acard%3D146">6.146 ff</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Description of Greece <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.21.9&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">2.21.9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA162">32</a> <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/70/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 4 Evelyn-White, p.70–73</a> = <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA12">fr. 7 Freeman, p.12–13</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.26.2">2.26.2</a>; Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA564">p.564</a>; cf. <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#195">195</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fasti" title="Fasti">Fasti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/OvidFastiBkFive.php#anchor_Toc69367925">5.539</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> Kerenyi 1951 (p.204) says that this is "[a]nother name for Artemis herself" </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D5">1.4.5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, Phaenomena <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/551#634">638</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, Hymn III to Artemis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/callimachuslycop00calluoft/page/82/mode/2up?view=theater">265</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/529#48.382">48.395</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.34.4">2.34.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D5%3Acard%3D92">5.121–124</a>; Gantz, p.97; <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a>, s.v. Orion; Hansen, p.118 </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA50">1</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/68/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 3 Evelyn-White, p.68–71</a> = <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA12">fr. 6 Freeman, p.12</a>; Gantz, p.725; <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a>, s.v. Callisto; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D25%3Asection%3D1">1.25.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D6">8.2.6</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#176">176</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#177">177</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a>, Eumelos "and some others" called Callisto the daughter of Lycaon, <a href="/wiki/Asius_of_Samos" title="Asius of Samos">Asius</a> called her the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Nycteus" title="Nycteus">Nycteus</a>, Pherecydes called her the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ceteus" title="Ceteus">Ceteus</a>, and Hesiod called her a <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a> [= Eumelos, fr. 32 (West 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/L497GreekEpicFragmentsVIIVcBC/page/n259/mode/2up?view=theater">p.248–249</a>) = <a href="/wiki/Asius_of_Samos" title="Asius of Samos">Asius</a> fr. 9 (West 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/L497GreekEpicFragmentsVIIVcBC/page/n269/mode/2up?view=theater">p.258–259</a>) = <a href="/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Athens" title="Pherecydes of Athens">Pherecydes</a> <a href="/wiki/FGrHist" class="mw-redirect" title="FGrHist">FGrHist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y5pxAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA92">3 F86</a> = Hesiod, fr. 163 Merkelbach-West]) </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a>; Gantz, p.98; Tripp, s.v. Callisto, p.145–146; cf. Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA50">1</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/70/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 4 Evelyn-White, p.70–73</a> = <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA12">fr. 7 Freeman, p.12–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> Gantz (p.275) notes that "[t]he text here seems to indicate that Arkas (and others) pursued [Callisto] only after she had entered the sanctuary, and only because she had done so" </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> Pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catasterismi" title="Catasterismi">Catasterismi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA50">1</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/68/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 3 Evelyn-White, p.68–71</a> = <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B75GgVdxYT0C&pg=PA12">fr. 6 Freeman, p. 12</a>; Gantz, p. 98, 725–726; cf. <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/68/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 3 Evelyn-White, p.68–71</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.1.1">2.1.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.1.2">2.1.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.1.3">2.1.3</a>; Gantz, p.727. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#177">p.177</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D6">8.2.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.1.4">2.1.4</a>; Gantz, p.727; cf. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> Gantz (p.726) says that "Kallisto realizes the identity (or at least the gender) of her seducer..." </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D2%3Acard%3D401">401–530</a>; Gantz, p.726 </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> In the first version, Artemis was not aware the bear was Callisto. (Gantz, p. 727) Of the second version, Gantz (p. 727) says that it "[q]uite probably … implies a variant in which Kallisto does not become a bear at all, as Artemis is not likely to transform her and shoot her, or to slay her for her own reasons after Hera has accomplished the transformation" </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a>; Gantz, p.727; Tripp, s.v. Callisto, p.145–146; cf. Eumelos, fr. 32 (West 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/L497GreekEpicFragmentsVIIVcBC/page/n259/mode/2up?view=theater">p.248–249</a>) [= <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a>. Gantz (p.727) suggests that this version may have come from <a href="/wiki/Pherecydes_of_Athens" title="Pherecydes of Athens">Pherecydes</a>, while West 2003 says that <a href="/wiki/Eumelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumelos">Eumelos</a> "must have told the story of how Zeus made love to Callisto and changed her into a bear. Artemis killed her, but Zeus saved her child, who was Arcas." (West 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/L497GreekEpicFragmentsVIIVcBC/page/n259/mode/2up?view=theater">p.249, note 26 to fr. 32</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D6">8.2.6</a>; Gantz, p.727. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.1.3">2.1.3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D25%3Asection%3D1">1.25.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D6">8.2.6–7</a>; Gantz, p.727; cf. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D2">3.8.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D567">11.580 ff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Pythian Odes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0223">4.161–165</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D1">1.4.1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183739/page/n149/mode/2up?view=theater">3.390 ff</a>; Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA147">p.147–148</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#200">200</a>; Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA192">p.192</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> Grimal, s.v. Aura, p.71 </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D14%3Asection%3D4">3.14.4</a>; cf. <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D652">10.652</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#248">248</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, Quaestiones Convivales <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0312%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3">4.5.3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a>, The Deipnosophists <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D80">2.80</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca03nonnuoft/page/210/mode/2up?view=theater">42.204–211</a>; Grimal, s.v. Adonis, p.12–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/216#21">p.21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Pythian Ode <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D3">3 str1-ant3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Description of Greece <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.26.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">2.26.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1901" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Rowland (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026460869/mode/2up?view=theater">The Greek romances of Heliodorus, Longus and Achilles Tatius; comprising the Ethiopics; or, Adventures of Theagenes and Chariclea; The pastoral amours of Daphnis and Chloe; and The loves of Citopho and Leucippe</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: G. Bell and Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026460869/page/504/mode/2up?view=theater">8.12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+romances+of+Heliodorus%2C+Longus+and+Achilles+Tatius%3B+comprising+the+Ethiopics%3B+or%2C+Adventures+of+Theagenes+and+Chariclea%3B+The+pastoral+amours+of+Daphnis+and+Chloe%3B+and+The+loves+of+Citopho+and+Leucippe&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8.12&rft.pub=G.+Bell+and+Sons&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Rowland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924026460869%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrelan1996" class="citation journal cs1">Strelan, Rick (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nw1xdz7fO18C">"Paul, Artemis, and the Jews in Ephesus"</a>. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft. 80. Berlin, New York City: <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nw1xdz7fO18C&pg=PA75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110150209" title="Special:BookSources/9783110150209"><bdi>9783110150209</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0171-6441">0171-6441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beihefte+zur+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+neutestamentliche+Wissenschaft&rft.atitle=Paul%2C+Artemis%2C+and+the+Jews+in+Ephesus&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=75&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0171-6441&rft.isbn=9783110150209&rft.aulast=Strelan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnw1xdz7fO18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D5%3Acard%3D250">5.319</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a>, Collection of Transformations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/216#28">28</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2016" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Ian (19 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBqHCwAAQBAJ">Greco-Egyptian Interactions: Literature, Translation, and Culture, 500 BC-AD 300</a>. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oBqHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64">64</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965612-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965612-7"><bdi>978-0-19-965612-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greco-Egyptian+Interactions%3A+Literature%2C+Translation%2C+and+Culture%2C+500+BC-AD+300&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965612-7&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoBqHCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, Astronomica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207#2.16.2">2.16.2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theoi.com-259">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Theoi.com_259-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Theoi.com_259-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtsma" class="citation web cs1">Atsma, Aaron J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/ArtemisFavour.html#Iphigeneia">"FAVOUR OF ARTEMIS: Greek mythology"</a>. Theoi.com. Retrieved 28 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAVOUR+OF+ARTEMIS%3A+Greek+mythology&rft.pub=Theoi.com&rft.aulast=Atsma&rft.aufirst=Aaron+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FOlympios%2FArtemisFavour.html%23Iphigeneia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:soi2067-260">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:soi2067_260-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:soi2067_260-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">Scholia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scholiagraecainh02homeuoft/page/194/mode/2up?view=theater">20.67</a> ; Hansen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofclassi0000hans/page/10/mode/2up?view=theater&q=">p.10</a>; Anecdota græca e codd. manuscriptis Bibliothecæ regiæ parisiensis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=extPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA120">p.120</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D21%3Acard%3D468">21.468-497</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D21%3Acard%3D502">502-510</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> "... a goddess universally worshipped in historical Greece, but in all likelihood pre-Hellenic." Hammond, Oxford Classical Dictionary, p.126 </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Golden" title="Mark Golden">Golden, M.</a>, Children and Childhood in Classical Athens (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, 1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvV0CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT84">p.84</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Wise, Susan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117050720/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=ucin1186592935&disposition=inline">Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece</a> (PhD). University of Cincinnati. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=ucin1186592935&disposition=inline">the original</a> on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Childbirth+Votives+and+Rituals+in+Ancient+Greece&rft.inst=University+of+Cincinnati&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2Fapexprod%2Frws_etd%2Fsend_file%2Fsend%3Faccession%3Ducin1186592935%26disposition%3Dinline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> van der Toorn et al, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA93">s.v. Artemis, p. 93</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPseudo-Apollodorus" class="citation book cs1">Pseudo-Apollodorus. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oHAmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81">p.81</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> Budin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NL0BCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT110">p.110</a> "One site especially famous for its choruses dedicated to Artemis was Ephesos. According to the Hellenistic poet Kallimakhos, this custom was established by the Amazons who founded the cult by dancing around a wooden image of the goddess." </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/delta/1345">"SOL Search"</a>. www.cs.uky.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cs.uky.edu&rft.atitle=SOL+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.uky.edu%2F~raphael%2Fsol%2Fsol-entries%2Fdelta%2F1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> Mikalson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4p9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">p.18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-calendars-272">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calendars_272-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-calendars_272-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-calendars_272-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-calendars_272-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winterscapes.com/kharis/calendar.htm#Thar">"Ancient Athenian Festival Calendar"</a>. 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Walter de Gruyter .<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5JmnEAAAQBAJ&dq=lyaia&pg=PA65">p.65</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hjerrild-321">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hjerrild_321-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hjerrild_321-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hjerrild_321-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hjerrild_321-3">d</a> Hjerrild, B. (2009). Near Eastern equivalents to Artemis. Tobias Fischer-Hansen & Birte Poulsen, eds. From Artemis to Diana: The Goddess of Man and Beast. Museum Tusculanum Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8763507889" title="Special:BookSources/8763507889">8763507889</a>, 9788763507882 </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59339816">The Homeric hymns</a>. Translated by Cashford, Jules. London: Penguin Books. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-043782-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-043782-7"><bdi>0-14-043782-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59339816">59339816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Homeric+hymns&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59339816&rft.isbn=0-14-043782-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F59339816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106033338/http://www.scribd.com/doc/98868504/49-MORRIS-Potnia-Aswiya-Anatolian-Greek-Religion">""Potnia Aswia: Anatolian Contributions to Greek Religion" by Sarah P. Morris"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/98868504/49-MORRIS-Potnia-Aswiya-Anatolian-Greek-Religion">the original</a> on 6 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Potnia+Aswia%3A+Anatolian+Contributions+to+Greek+Religion%22+by+Sarah+P.+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F98868504%2F49-MORRIS-Potnia-Aswiya-Anatolian-Greek-Religion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a> 19:28 </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <a href="#Sacks">Sacks (1995)</a>, p.35 </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA46">p.46</a>; <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a>, s.v. Selene; Morford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo0000morf_8ed/page/64/mode/2up?view=theater">p.64</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo0000morf_8ed/page/219/mode/2up?view=theater">219–220</a>; Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=selene-bio-1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104">s.v. Selene</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Adler, Margot</a> (1986). <a href="/wiki/Drawing_Down_the_Moon_(book)" title="Drawing Down the Moon (book)">Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today, Revised and Expanded Edition</a>. Beacon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-3253-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-3253-4"><bdi>978-0-8070-3253-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drawing+Down+the+Moon%3A+Witches%2C+Druids%2C+Goddess-Worshippers%2C+and+Other+Pagans+in+America+Today%2C+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-3253-4&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Margot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <a href="#Shen">Shen (2018)</a>, p.60 </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> Gury, Françoise, "Selene, Luna" in <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC) VII.1 Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1">3-7608-8751-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSfameni_Gasparro2007" class="citation book cs1">Sfameni Gasparro, Giulia (2007). "The Hellenistic Face of Isis: Cosmic and Saviour Goddess". In Bricault, Laurent; Versluys, Miguel John; Meyboom, Paul G. P. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nileintotiberegy00bric">Nile into Tiber: Egypt in the Roman World. Proceedings of the IIIrd International Conference of Isis Studies, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, May 11–14 2005</a>. Brill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nileintotiberegy00bric/page/n66">40</a>–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15420-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15420-9"><bdi>978-90-04-15420-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hellenistic+Face+of+Isis%3A+Cosmic+and+Saviour+Goddess&rft.btitle=Nile+into+Tiber%3A+Egypt+in+the+Roman+World.+Proceedings+of+the+IIIrd+International+Conference+of+Isis+Studies%2C+Faculty+of+Archaeology%2C+Leiden+University%2C+May+11%E2%80%9314+2005&rft.pages=40-72&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15420-9&rft.aulast=Sfameni+Gasparro&rft.aufirst=Giulia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnileintotiberegy00bric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:hard187-331">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:hard187_331-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:hard187_331-1">b</a> Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA187">p.187</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:budin-332">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:budin_332-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:budin_332-1">b</a> Budin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yL0BCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62">p.62</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> van der Toorn et al, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA92">s.v. Artemis, p.92</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stoicorumveterum02arniuoft/page/212/mode/2up?view=theater">fr. 748</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Natura_Deorum" title="De Natura Deorum">De Natura Deorum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work.php?work_id=137#2.68">2.68</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+14.1.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239">14.1.6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> Morford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo0000morf_8ed/page/64/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 64</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> Pannen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=37CPbHwqPjwC&pg=PA96">p.96</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, Commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D6%3Acommline%3D118">6.118</a>; Green, C. M. C. (2007). Roman Religion and the Cult of Diana at Aricia. New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:bergm-340">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:bergm_340-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:bergm_340-1">b</a> Bergmann, Bettina, Joseph Farrell, Denis Feeney, James Ker, Damien Nelis, and <a href="/wiki/Celia_Schultz" title="Celia Schultz">Celia Schultz</a>. "An Exciting Provocation: John F. Miller's 'Apollo, Augustus, and the Poets.'" Vergilius (1959-) 58 (2012): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43186298">10–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, Carmen Saeculare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm4.shtml">33–36</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/245#9.367">9.404</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dselene-bio-1">s.v. Selene</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> Collins-Clinton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U6vdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88">p.88</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> Seyffert, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b3135841x/page/270/mode/2up?view=theater">Hecate</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323243">2323243</a> <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Tufts" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Tufts">Perseus Tufts</a> Consulted 2017-05-05 </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> Fairbanks, Arthur. A Handbook of Greek Religion. American Book Company, 1910. p.229 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson497-348">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson497_348-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson497_348-1">b</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte Vol I p. 497 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pausanias374-349">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias374_349-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias374_349-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pausanias374_349-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.37.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160">Pausanias 8.37.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nilsson483-350">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson483_350-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson483_350-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson483_350-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nilsson483_350-3">d</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte" Vol I, p.482-484 </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> Kimberley Christine Patton, Religion of the Gods: Ritual, Paradox, and Reflexivity <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QwgTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333">p.333</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, Hymn 3 to Artemis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katinkahesselink.net/other/artemis.html">98</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> L.H.Jeffery (1976), "The city states" p.23 Ernest Benn Ltd. </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Olympian Odes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D3">3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, Hymn 3 to Artemis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katinkahesselink.net/other/artemis.html">86</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> Nilsson Vol I, p.285-486 </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/240#al.3958">Ἄρκτος ἢ Βραυρωνίοις</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschicte", p.485 A6 </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/2#9.530">9.530</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> Pseudo-Apollodorus, <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.14.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022">3.14.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> Hard, p.415, calls it "the greatest adventure in Aetolian legend" </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi006.perseus-eng1:8.260-8.364">8.284–289</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a>, Transformations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/216#2">2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus" title="Claudius Aelianus">Aelian</a>, On Animals <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals12.html#4">12.4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> Nilsson, "Gescichte" Vol I, p.83, 482 </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.16.7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160Pausanias">Pausanias 3.16.7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> Nilsson, "Geschichte", Vol I, p.495 A4 :Sophocles, Trach.214 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0011,001:214&lang=original">Sophocles Trach.214</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> Homer portrayed Artemis as girlish in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> Greek poets variously described Artemis' bow as silver or gold: "Over the shadowy hills and windy peaks she draws her golden bow." (<a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Hymn">Homeric Hymn</a> to Artemis), and it is a golden bow as well in <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> 1.693, where her nymph's is of horn. "And how often goddess, didst thou make trial of thy silver bow?", asks <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a> for whom it is a <a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(ancient_Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cydonia (ancient Greece)">Cydonian</a> bow that the <a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a> make for her (Callimachus, Hymn 3 to Artemis) </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apex-telescope.org/instruments/pi/artemis/">"APEX – Artemis"</a>. Apex-telescope.org. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APEX+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft.pub=Apex-telescope.org&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apex-telescope.org%2Finstruments%2Fpi%2Fartemis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2021" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (9 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-human-lunar-landing-to-at-least-2025/">"NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025"</a>. SpaceNews. Retrieved 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=NASA+delays+human+lunar+landing+to+at+least+2025&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-delays-human-lunar-landing-to-at-least-2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artemis_home-372"><a href="#cite_ref-Artemis_home_372-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/moon2mars/">[1]</a>. NASA. Accessed on 19 May 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> This chart is based upon <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a>, unless otherwise noted </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.570">1.570–579</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:14.338">14.338</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8.312">8.312</a>, Hephaestus was apparently the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p.74 </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+927">927–929</a>, Hephaestus was produced by Hera alone, with no father, see Gantz, p.74 </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+886">886–890</a>, of Zeus' children by his seven wives, Athena was the first to be conceived, but the last to be born; Zeus impregnated Metis then swallowed her, later Zeus himself gave birth to Athena "from his head", see Gantz, p.51–52, 83–84 </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+183">183–200</a>, Aphrodite was born from Uranus' severed genitals, see Gantz, p.99–100 </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (<a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.374">3.374</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:20.105">20.105</a>; <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8.308">8.308</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8.320">320</a>) and Dione (<a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:5.370">5.370–71</a>), see Gantz, p.99–100 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus" title="Claudius Aelianus">Aelian</a>, On Animals, Volume III: Books 12-17, translated by A. F. Scholfield, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 449, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL449/1959/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99494-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99494-2">978-0-674-99494-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=C431BA809CA4DEA22A15DA9C666F3400?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0022%3atext%3dLibrary">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus Solensis</a>, Phaenomena translated by G. R. Mair. Loeb Classical Library Volume 129. London: William Heinemann, 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/551">Online version at the Topos Text Project</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1972" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Irene Ringwood (1972). "Festivals of Ephesus". American Journal of Archaeology. 77 (1): 17–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F503607">10.2307/503607</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/503607">503607</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191403956">191403956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Festivals+of+Ephesus&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-22&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191403956%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F503607%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F503607&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Irene+Ringwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a>, The Learned Banqueters, Volume V: Books 10.420e-11. Edited and translated by S. Douglas Olson. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 274. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.</li> <li>Budin, Stephanie, Artemis, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> publications, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-72541-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-72541-5">978-0-415-72541-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yL0BCgAAQBAJ">Google books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Burkert, Walter</a>, Greek Religion, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-36281-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-36281-0">0-674-36281-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>. Hymns, translated by Alexander William Mair (1875–1928). London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/120">Online version at the Topos Text Project</a>.</li> <li>Celoria, Francis, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis: A Translation with a Commentary, Routledge, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06896-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06896-3">978-0-415-06896-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Natura_Deorum" title="De Natura Deorum">Nature of the Gods</a>, from the Treatises of M.T. Cicero, translated by Charles Duke Yonge (1812–1891), Bohn edition of 1878, in the public domain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work.php?work_id=137">Text available online at Topos text</a>.</li> <li>Collins-Clinton, Jacquelyn, Cosa: The Sculpture and Furnishings in Stone and Marble, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>, 2020, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-13159-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-13159-4">978-0-472-13159-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U6vdDwAAQBAJ">Google books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Evelyn-White, Hugh, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYBiAAAAMAAJ">Google Books</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Eddy_Fontenrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Eddy Fontenrose">Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy</a>, Orion: The Myth of the Hunter and the Huntress, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-09632-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-09632-0">0-520-09632-0</a>.</li> <li>Forbes Irving, P. M. C., Metamorphosis in Greek Myths, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a> Oxford, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-198-14730-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-198-14730-5">978-0-198-14730-5</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Kathleen, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: A Complete Translation of the Fragments in Diels, Fragmente Der Vorsokratiker, Harvard University Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674035010" title="Special:BookSources/9780674035010">9780674035010</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a>, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a> (Vol. 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a> (Vol. 2).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> (1955) 1960. The Greek Myths (Penguin)</li> <li>Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1">978-0-631-20102-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hansen_(classicist)" title="William Hansen (classicist)">Hansen, William</a>, Handbook of Classical Mythology, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1576072264" title="Special:BookSources/978-1576072264">978-1576072264</a>.</li> <li>Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415186360" title="Special:BookSources/9780415186360">9780415186360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC">Google Books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia_(poem)" title="Astronomia (poem)">Astronomia</a>, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodhomerichym00hesiuoft/page/66/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a>, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus, Gaius Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica">De Astronomica</a>, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207">Online version at ToposText</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus, Gaius Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a>, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version at ToposText</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmendörfer2017" class="citation book cs1">Immendörfer, Michael (2017). Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus as the Epistle's Context. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155264-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-155264-9"><bdi>978-3-16-155264-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ephesians+and+Artemis%3A+The+Cult+of+the+Great+Goddess+of+Ephesus+as+the+Epistle%27s+Context&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-16-155264-9&rft.aulast=Immend%C3%B6rfer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerényi, Karl</a> (1951), The Gods of the Greeks, Thames and Hudson, London, 1951.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeightley1838" class="citation book cs1">Keightley, Thomas (1838). The Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy. Whittaker and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythology+of+Ancient+Greece+and+Italy&rft.pub=Whittaker+and+Co&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Keightley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstan2014" class="citation book cs1">Konstan, David (2014). Beauty: The Fortunes of an Ancient Greek Idea. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992726-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992726-5"><bdi>978-0-19-992726-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beauty%3A+The+Fortunes+of+an+Ancient+Greek+Idea&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-992726-5&rft.aulast=Konstan&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Liddell" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Robert Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Greek-English_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Greek-English Lexicon">A Greek-English Lexicon</a>, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a> Oxford, 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=E61EDD48E4F1A22F839AA4DC149C0955?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0057">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Mikalson, Jon D., The Sacred and Civil Calendar of the Athenian Year, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d4p9BgAAQBAJ">Google books</a>.</li> <li>Morford, Mark P. O., Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530805-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530805-1">978-0-19-530805-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalmytholo0000morf_8ed/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, G.W.</a>, Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2">978-0-674-99720-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL057/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, G.W.</a>, Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>, No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2007, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99721-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99721-9">978-0-674-99721-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL503/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a>; translated by <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">Rouse, W H D</a>, in three volumes. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca03nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a>, Brookes More, Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a>, Volume I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1977, first published 1916. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3">978-0-674-99046-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL042/1916/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fasti_(poem)" title="Fasti (poem)">Ovid's Fasti</a>: With an English translation by Sir James George Frazer, London: W. Heinemann LTD; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ovidsfasti00oviduoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_J._Paul_Getty_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The J. Paul Getty Museum">The J. Paul Getty Museum</a> Journal: Volume 24, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-397-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-397-5">0-89236-397-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oHAmAgAAQBAJ">Google books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford Classical Dictionary">The Oxford Classical Dictionary</a>, second edition, <a href="/wiki/N._G._L._Hammond" title="N. G. L. Hammond">Hammond, N.G.L.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hayes_Scullard" title="Howard Hayes Scullard">Howard Hayes Scullard</a> (editors), <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869117-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869117-3">0-19-869117-3</a>.</li> <li>Pannen, Imke, When the Bad Bleeds: Mantic Elements in English Renaissance Revenge Tragedy, Volume 3 of Representations & Reflections; V&R unipress GmbH, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783899716405" title="Special:BookSources/9783899716405">9783899716405</a>.</li> <li>Papathomopoulos, Manolis, Antoninus Liberalis: Les Métamorphoses, <a href="/wiki/Collection_Bud%C3%A9" title="Collection Budé">Collection Budé</a>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Les_Belles_Lettres" title="Les Belles Lettres">Les Belles Lettres</a>, 1968. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-251-00020-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-251-00020-6">978-2-251-00020-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0161%3Abook%3DN.">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2012" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Barry B. (2012). Classical Myth. <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-17607-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-17607-6"><bdi>978-0-205-17607-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Myth&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-205-17607-6&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Barry+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2001" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Ian (2001). <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>'s Paeans: A Reading of the Fragments with a Survey of the Genre. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-814381-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-814381-8"><bdi>0-19-814381-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pindar%27s+Paeans%3A+A+Reading+of+the+Fragments+with+a+Survey+of+the+Genre&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-814381-8&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelmerdine1995" class="citation book cs1">Shelmerdine, Susan (1995). The <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a>. Focus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58510-477-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58510-477-2"><bdi>978-1-58510-477-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Homeric+Hymns&rft.pub=Focus+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-58510-477-2&rft.aulast=Shelmerdine&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a>, London (1873).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToornBeckingHorst1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Karel_van_der_Toorn" title="Karel van der Toorn">Toorn, Karel van der</a>; Becking, Bob; <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Willem_van_der_Horst" title="Pieter Willem van der Horst">Horst, Pieter Willem van der</a>, eds. (1999), <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Deities_and_Demons_in_the_Bible" title="Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible">Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd ed.</a>, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 92</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible%2C+2nd+ed.&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988">.</li> <li>Tripp, Edward, Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069022608X" title="Special:BookSources/069022608X">069022608X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (2003), Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC, edited and translated by Martin L. West, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 497, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2">978-0-674-99605-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL497/2003/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sacks" class="citation book cs1">Sacks, David (1 January 1995). <a href="/wiki/Oswyn_Murray" title="Oswyn Murray">Murray, Oswyn</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofanci00sack">A Dictionary of the Ancient Greek World</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195112061" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195112061"><bdi>978-0195112061</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Ancient+Greek+World&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0195112061&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofanci00sack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Shen" class="citation book cs1">Shen, Ann (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tpNFDwAAQBAJ">Legendary Ladies: 50 Goddesses to Empower and Inspire You</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1452163413" title="Special:BookSources/978-1452163413"><bdi>978-1452163413</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendary+Ladies%3A+50+Goddesses+to+Empower+and+Inspire+You&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.isbn=978-1452163413&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtpNFDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Windekens1986" class="citation cs2">Van Windekens, Albert Joris (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/van-windekens-dictionnaire-etymologique-complementaire-de-la-langue-grecque-1986/">Dictionnaire Étymologique Complémentaire de la Langue Grecque</a>, Leuven Peeters, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6831-067-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-6831-067-4"><bdi>90-6831-067-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C3%89tymologique+Compl%C3%A9mentaire+de+la+Langue+Grecque&rft.pub=Leuven+Peeters&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=90-6831-067-4&rft.aulast=Van+Windekens&rft.aufirst=Albert+Joris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvan-windekens-dictionnaire-etymologique-complementaire-de-la-langue-grecque-1986%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artemis">Artemis</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Artemis.html">Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063&query=label%3D%23290&word=Amarysia">A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2garBSREfywC&dq=eileithyia&pg=PA27">Fischer-Hansen T., Poulsen B. (eds.) From Artemis to Diana: the goddess of man and beast. Collegium Hyperboreum and Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen, 2009</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000101">Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 1,150 images of Artemis)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_religion_and_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_religion" title="Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_religion" title="Template talk:Greek religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Religion_and_religious_practice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a> and religious practice</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Main beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_Man" title="Ages of Man">Ages of Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Heroic_Age" title="Greek Heroic Age">Heroic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_accounts_of_Homer" title="Ancient accounts of Homer">Ancient accounts of Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">Apotheosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon">Daemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_mean_(philosophy)" title="Golden mean (philosophy)">Golden mean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">Greek words for love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demigod#Classical" title="Demigod">Hemitheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">Interpretatio graeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">Katabasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleos" title="Kleos">Kleos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_thyself" title="Know thyself">Know thyself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metempsychosis" title="Metempsychosis">Metempsychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nympholepsy" title="Nympholepsy">Nympholepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradoxography" title="Paradoxography">Paradoxography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-state_patron_gods" title="Greek city-state patron gods">Patron gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_madness#Ancient_Greece_and_Rome:_theia_mania" title="Divine madness">Theia mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Texts / <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">odes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliupersis" title="Iliupersis">Iliupersis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostoi" title="Nostoi">Nostoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegony" title="Telegony">Telegony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oedipodea" title="Oedipodea">Oedipodea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Greek_poem)" title="Thebaid (Greek poem)">Thebaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigoni_(epic)" title="Epigoni (epic)">Epigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcmeonis" title="Alcmeonis">Alcmeonis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables" title="Aesop's Fables">Aesop's Fables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretalogy" title="Aretalogy">Aretalogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyranides" title="Cyranides">Cyranides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_maxims" title="Delphic maxims">Delphic maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derveni_papyrus" title="Derveni papyrus">Derveni papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Verses" title="Golden Verses">Golden Verses of Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Homerica">Homerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_Dreams_(Antiphon)" title="Interpretation of Dreams (Antiphon)">Interpretation of Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Er" title="Myth of Er">Myth of Er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneirocritica" title="Oneirocritica">Oneirocritica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Astrampsychi" title="Sortes Astrampsychi">Sortes Astrampsychi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Mycenaean religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">List of Mycenaean deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expressions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism#Classical_antiquity" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism#Hellenistic_religion" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism#Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism#Ancient_Greece" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy">Relationship with Greek philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism#Late_Antiquity" title="Western esotericism">Esoteric</a> systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy#Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Alchemy">Early alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretic">Syncretic</a> religions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_in_legend#Deified_Alexander" title="Alexander the Great in legend">Alexander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_cult_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great">Ptolemaic cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)#Religious_issues" title="Julian (emperor)">Religious views of emperor Julian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mystery religions and sacred mysteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbrian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries#Samothracian_Mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Samothracian Mysteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feraferia" title="Feraferia">Feraferia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaianism" title="Gaianism">Gaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worship / rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arotoi_Hieroi" title="Arotoi Hieroi">Arotoi Hieroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptes" title="Baptes">Baptes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daduchos" title="Daduchos">Daduchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_oration_(ancient_Greece)" title="Funeral oration (ancient Greece)">Funeral oration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Greco-Roman mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroon">Heroon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophany" title="Hierophany">Hierophany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">Hieros gamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hymns_in_ancient_Greek" title="Category:Hymns in ancient Greek">Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komos" title="Komos">Komos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophagia" title="Omophagia">Omophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgia" title="Orgia">Orgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panegyris" title="Panegyris">Panegyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Ancient_Greece" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecatomb" title="Hecatomb">Hecatomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_(sacrifice)#Greek_sacrifice" title="Holocaust (sacrifice)">Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libation#Ancient_Greece" title="Libation">Libation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakos" title="Pharmakos">Pharmakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">Votive offering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_league" title="Amphictyonic league">Amphictyonic league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_basileus" title="Archon basileus">Archon basileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilinna" title="Basilinna">Basilinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerarai" title="Gerarai">Gerarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiereiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiereiai">Hiereiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophant" title="Hierophant">Hierophant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierophylakes" title="Hierophylakes">Hierophylakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatromantis" title="Iatromantis">Iatromantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanephoros" title="Kanephoros">Kanephoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystagogue" title="Mystagogue">Mystagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiasus" title="Thiasus">Thiasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baetyl" title="Baetyl">Baetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture#Cult_images" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Cult image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Chryselephantine statue">Chryselephantine statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">Xoanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_terracotta_figurines" title="Greek terracotta figurines">Greek terracotta figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernos" title="Kernos">Kernos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kykeon" title="Kykeon">Kykeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutrophoros" title="Loutrophoros">Loutrophoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos" title="Omphalos">Omphalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora">Panathenaic amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">Rhyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_tripod" title="Sacrificial tripod">Sacrificial tripod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre#Greco-Roman_world" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterion" title="Thymiaterion">Thymiaterion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_the_Graeco-Roman_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic in the Graeco-Roman world">Magic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_tablet" title="Curse tablet">Curse tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Hermetica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy#Antiquity" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia_(Greco-Roman_magic)" title="Philia (Greco-Roman magic)">Philia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals / feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonia" title="Adonia">Adonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrionia" title="Agrionia">Agrionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apellai" title="Apellai">Apellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apaturia" title="Apaturia">Apaturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisia" title="Aphrodisia">Aphrodisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrhephoria" title="Arrhephoria">Arrhephoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascolia" title="Ascolia">Ascolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendidia" title="Bendidia">Bendidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boedromia" title="Boedromia">Boedromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphonia" title="Buphonia">Buphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalceia" title="Chalceia">Chalceia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilichios" title="Meilichios">Diasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_(festival)" title="Delia (festival)">Delia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinia" title="Delphinia">Delphinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysia" title="Dionysia">Dionysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysia" title="Ecdysia">Ecdysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelia" title="Gamelia">Gamelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halieia" title="Halieia">Halieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloa" title="Haloa">Haloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleia_(festival)" title="Heracleia (festival)">Heracleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaea_(festival)" title="Hermaea (festival)">Hermaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieromenia" title="Hieromenia">Hieromenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronia" title="Kronia">Kronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenaia" title="Lenaia">Lenaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Leucophryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykaia" title="Lykaia">Lykaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metageitnia" title="Metageitnia">Metageitnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oschophoria" title="Oschophoria">Oschophoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamboeotia" title="Pamboeotia">Pamboeotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandia_(festival)" title="Pandia (festival)">Pandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plynteria" title="Plynteria">Plynteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaieia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaieia">Ptolemaieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyanopsia" title="Pyanopsia">Pyanopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skira" title="Skira">Skira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoikia" title="Synoikia">Synoikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(festival)" title="Soteria (festival)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauropolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauropolia">Tauropolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thargelia" title="Thargelia">Thargelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseia" title="Theseia">Theseia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agon" title="Agon">Agon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhieia" title="Rhieia">Rhieia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Games" title="Panhellenic Games">Panhellenic Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraean_Games" title="Heraean Games">Heraean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sanctuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuaries">sanctuaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepieion" title="Asclepieion">Asclepieion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinion" title="Delphinion">Delphinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraeum" title="Mithraeum">Mithraeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panionium" title="Panionium">Panionium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesterion" title="Telesterion">Telesterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">Temenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis, Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Temple of Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphiareion_of_Oropos" title="Amphiareion of Oropos">Amphiareion of Oropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claros" title="Claros">Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyaneae" title="Cyaneae">Oracle of Apollo Thyrxeus at Cyaneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptoion" title="Ptoion">Oracle of Apollo at Ptoion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaros_(Failaka_Island)" title="Ikaros (Failaka Island)">Oracle of Artemis at Ikaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Oracle of Menestheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_the_Great_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of the Great Gods">Sanctuary of the Great Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegyra" title="Tegyra">Tegyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretea" title="Cretea">Cretea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida (Crete)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lykaion" title="Mount Lykaion">Mount Lykaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus,_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Cave of Zeus, Aydın">Cave of Zeus, Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Pan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cave of Pan (disambiguation)">Caves of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari_Cave" title="Vari Cave">Vari Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Ukraine)" title="Snake Island (Ukraine)">Island of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Diomedes" title="Islands of Diomedes">Islands of Diomedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Springs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castalian_Spring" title="Castalian Spring">Castalian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrene" title="Hippocrene">Hippocrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierian_Spring" title="Pierian Spring">Pierian Spring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_sacred_ships" title="Athenian sacred ships">Athenian sacred ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralus_(ship)" title="Paralus (ship)">Paralus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaminia" title="Salaminia">Salaminia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiera_Orgas" title="Hiera Orgas">Hiera Orgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanathos" title="Kanathos">Kanathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Way" title="Sacred Way">Sacred Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Myths_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myths and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures#Immortals" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Greek_gods" title="Family tree of the Greek gods">Family tree</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria_(Titaness)" title="Asteria (Titaness)">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nereid">Nereids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamoi" title="Potamoi">Potamoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamides" title="Potamides">Potamides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Love deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Erotes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Himeros" title="Erotes">Himeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)"> Hymen/Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrestia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrestia">Adrestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecothoenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynaecothoenas">Gynaecothoenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_(goddess)" title="Ma (goddess)">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chthonic_deities" title="Chthonic deities">Chthonic deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Psychopomps" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampad" title="Lampad">Lampad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrhon" title="Darrhon">Darrhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sleep deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empusa" title="Empusa">Empusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiales" title="Epiales">Epiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Messenger deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trickster deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magic deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Other major deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_(god)" title="Boreas (god)">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azone" title="Azone">Azone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysaor" title="Chrysaor">Chrysaor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> (Furies)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Heroes / heroines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abderus" title="Abderus">Abderus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesser" title="Ajax the Lesser">Ajax the Lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academus" title="Academus">Akademos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitryon" title="Amphitryon">Amphitryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzyges" title="Bouzyges">Bouzyges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus_of_Elis" title="Chrysippus of Elis">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyamites" title="Cyamites">Cyamites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Dioscuri</a> (Castor and Polydeuces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetlus" title="Echetlus">Echetlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis_(mythology)" title="Eleusis (mythology)">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheus" title="Erechtheus">Erechtheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus_(hero)" title="Eunostus (hero)">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandion_(hero)" title="Pandion (hero)">Pandion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptolemus" title="Triptolemus">Triptolemus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt#The_hunters" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigoni" title="Epigoni">Epigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_against_Thebes" title="Seven against Thebes">Seven against Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracles</a> / seers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuas" title="Aleuas">Aleuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphilochus_I_of_Argos" title="Amphilochus I of Argos">Amphilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyx" title="Ampyx">Ampyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anius" title="Anius">Anius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbolus" title="Asbolus">Asbolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakis" title="Bakis">Bakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchus" title="Branchus">Branchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnus" title="Carnus">Carnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatus" title="Elatus">Elatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennomus" title="Ennomus">Ennomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimenides" title="Epimenides">Epimenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamus" title="Iamus">Iamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idmon" title="Idmon">Idmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(mythology)" title="Manto (mythology)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melampus" title="Melampus">Melampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopsus" title="Mopsus">Mopsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyidus">Polyeidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypheides" title="Polypheides">Polypheides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerian_Sibyl" title="Cimmerian Sibyl">Cimmerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_Sibyl" title="Delphic Sibyl">Delphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sibyl" title="Persian Sibyl">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_Sibyl" title="Samian Sibyl">Samian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemus" title="Telemus">Telemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theiodamas" title="Theiodamas">Theiodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Other mortals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegeus" title="Aegeus">Aegeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augeas" title="Augeas">Augeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(mother_of_Andromeda)" title="Cassiopeia (mother of Andromeda)">Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_(king_of_Thebes)" title="Creon (king of Thebes)">Creon of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidamia_(daughter_of_Lycomedes)" title="Deidamia (daughter of Lycomedes)">Deidamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordias" title="Gordias">Gordias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellen" title="Hellen">Hellen</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Heracleidae" title="Heracleidae">Heracleidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapian shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Myrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Agenor)" title="Phoenix (son of Agenor)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrha_(mythology)" title="Pyrrha (mythology)">Pyrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entrances to the underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes/swamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acherusia" title="Acherusia">Acherusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Avernus Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerna" title="Lerna">Lerna Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Matapan" title="Cape Matapan">Cape Matapan</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Lake Avernus</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charoniums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li> <li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion_at_Hierapolis" title="Ploutonion at Hierapolis">Ploutonion at Hierapolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Necromanteion (necromancy temple)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodel_Meadows" title="Asphodel Meadows">Fields of Asphodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Isles of the Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld#Mourning_Fields" title="Greek underworld">Mourning Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campe" title="Campe">Campe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AFdes" title="Danaïdes">Danaïdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice" title="Eurydice">Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocnus" title="Ocnus">Ocnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoneus" title="Salmoneus">Salmoneus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shade_(mythology)" title="Shade (mythology)">Shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus">Tantalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans (mythology)">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katabasis#Trip_into_the_underworld" title="Katabasis">Visitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols/objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bident" title="Bident">Bident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_invisibility" title="Cap of invisibility">Cap of invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol" title="Charon's obol">Charon's obol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals, daemons, and spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuthonymus" title="Ceuthonymus">Ceuthonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynomos_(daemon)" title="Eurynomos (daemon)">Eurynomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Mythical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_creatures" title="List of Greek mythological creatures">Greek mythological creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Greek mythological figures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of minor Greek mythological figures">Minor figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trojan_War_characters" title="List of Trojan War characters">Trojan War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon">Daemon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon" title="Agathodaemon">Agathodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacodemon" title="Cacodemon">Cacodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaemon_(mythology)" title="Eudaemon (mythology)">Eudaemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts / creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaurides" title="Centaurides">Centaurides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaur" title="Ichthyocentaur">Ichthyocentaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclops">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Greek_mythology" title="Dragons in Greek mythology">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakaina_(mythology)" title="Drakaina (mythology)">Drakaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Greek_mythology)" title="Giants (Greek mythology)">Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecatonchires" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatonchires">Hecatonchires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrois">Horses of Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(mythology)" title="Python (mythology)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captured / slain by <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calydonian boar">Calydonian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerynian_Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerynian Hind">Cerynian Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Bull" title="Cretan Bull">Cretan Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crommyonian_Sow" title="Crommyonian Sow">Crommyonian Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkotauroi" title="Khalkotauroi">Khalkotauroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">Lernaean Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_of_Diomedes" title="Mares of Diomedes">Mares of Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_lion" title="Nemean lion">Nemean lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talos" title="Talos">Talos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropophage" title="Anthropophage">Anthropophagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebryces" title="Bebryces">Bebryces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Cicones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curetes_(tribe)" title="Curetes (tribe)">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactyl (mythology)">Dactyls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargareans" title="Gargareans">Gargareans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halizones" title="Halizones">Halizones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Korybantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus-eaters" title="Lotus-eaters">Lotus-eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pygmy (Greek mythology)">Pygmies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telchines" title="Telchines">Telchines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places / Realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(constellation)#History" title="Ara (constellation)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis#In_mythology" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia" title="Erytheia">Erytheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya (mythology)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_(mythology)" title="Nysa (mythology)">Nysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchaia_(island)" title="Panchaia (island)">Panchaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegra_(mythology)" title="Phlegra (mythology)">Phlegra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplegades" title="Symplegades">Symplegades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_and_Daphne" title="Apollo and Daphne">Apollo and Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Eros and Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment of Paris">Judgment of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Labours of Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonomachy" title="Amazonomachy">Amazonomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_War" title="Attic War">Attic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centauromachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Centauromachy">Centauromachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantomachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantomachy">Gigantomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">Theomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanomachy" title="Titanomachy">Titanomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamant" title="Adamant">Adamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">Aegis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_of_Discord" title="Apple of Discord">Apple of Discord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo" title="Argo">Argo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(mythology)" title="Dragon's teeth (mythology)">Dragon's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diipetes" title="Diipetes">Diipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidolon" title="Eidolon">Eidolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girdle_of_Aphrodite" title="Girdle of Aphrodite">Girdle of Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_apple" title="Golden apple">Golden apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordian knot">Gordian knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichor" title="Ichor">Ichor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth#Cretan_labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">Labyrinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_tree" title="Lotus tree">Lotus tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moly_(herb)" title="Moly (herb)">Moly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace_of_Harmonia" title="Necklace of Harmonia">Necklace of Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orichalcum" title="Orichalcum">Orichalcum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_(classical_antiquity)" title="Palladium (classical antiquity)">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea_(medicine)" title="Panacea (medicine)">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_box" title="Pandora's box">Pandora's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petasos" title="Petasos">Petasos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winged_helmet" title="Winged helmet">Winged helmet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria#The_Phaeacian_ships" title="Scheria">Phaeacian ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosopher's stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Achilles" title="Shield of Achilles">Shield of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Nessus" title="Shirt of Nessus">Shirt of Nessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Sword of Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaria" title="Talaria">Talaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt" title="Thunderbolt">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">Thyrsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_of_Poseidon" title="Trident of Poseidon">Trident of Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnowing_Oar" title="Winnowing Oar">Winnowing Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_fire" title="Wheel of fire">Wheel of fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_of_Hygieia" title="Bowl of Hygieia">Bowl of Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">Caduceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">Kantharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic egg">Orphic egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_of_Athena" title="Owl of Athena">Owl of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_song" title="Swan song">Swan song</a></li> <li>Wind <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_wind" title="East wind">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_wind" title="West wind">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_wind" title="North wind">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_wind" title="South wind">South</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Modern treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology_in_western_art_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical mythology in western art and literature">Classical mythology in western art and literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Greek mythology in popular culture">Greek mythology in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_understanding_of_Greek_mythology" title="Modern understanding of Greek mythology">Modern understanding of Greek mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_deities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Titans (male)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Titanides (female)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria_(Titaness)" title="Asteria (Titaness)">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaea" title="Aglaea">Aglaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheia" title="Antheia">Antheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyocentaurs">Ichthyocentaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(mythology)" title="Amalthea (mythology)">Amalthea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Potamoi" title="Potamoi">Potamoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitumnus" title="Clitumnus">Clitumnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chthonic_deities" title="Chthonic deities">Chthonic deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Theoi Chthonioi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lampades" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampades">Lampades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> (Furies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alecto" title="Alecto">Alecto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaera" title="Megaera">Megaera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisiphone" title="Tisiphone">Tisiphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Earthborn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Greek_mythology)" title="Giants (Greek mythology)">Gigantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecatoncheires" title="Hecatoncheires">Hecatonchires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Kouretes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telchines" title="Telchines">Telchines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Graeae" title="Graeae">Graeae</a> <ul><li>Deino</li> <li>Enyo</li> <li>Pemphredo</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gorgons" title="Gorgons">Gorgons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stheno_and_Euryale" title="Stheno and Euryale">Stheno and Euryale</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aello" title="Aello">Aello</a></li> <li>Celaeno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocypete" title="Ocypete">Ocypete</a></li> <li>Podarge</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of other gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_(god)" title="Boreas (god)">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Boreas)" title="Chione (daughter of Boreas)">Chione</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrhon" title="Darrhon">Darrhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anthousai" title="Anthousai">Anthousai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auloniad" title="Auloniad">Auloniads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimeliad" title="Epimeliad">Epimeliades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nymphai_Hyperboreioi" title="Nymphai Hyperboreioi">Nymphai Hyperboreioi</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrasteia" title="Adrasteia">Adrasteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyllene_(nymph)" title="Cyllene (nymph)">Cyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iynx" title="Iynx">Iynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomia_(mythology)" title="Nomia (mythology)">Nomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenone_(nymph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oenone (nymph)">Oenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitys_(mythology)" title="Pitys (mythology)">Pitys</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pegasides" title="Pegasides">Pegasides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deified_people_in_Greek_mythology" title="List of deified people in Greek mythology">Deified people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptolemus" title="Triptolemus">Triptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophonius" title="Trophonius">Trophonius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hunting_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunting_topics" title="Template talk:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hunting_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_fishing_and_animals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_hunting" title="Medieval hunting">Medieval hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_hunt_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty">Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_hunting_technologies" title="North American hunting technologies">North American hunting technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-fowling" title="Bat-fowling">Bat-fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagling" title="Beagling">Beagling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big%E2%80%93game_hunting" title="Big–game hunting">Big–game hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coursing" title="Coursing">Coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_stalker" title="Game stalker">Game stalkering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_hunting" title="Green hunting">Green hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_with_eagles" title="Hunting with eagles">Eagles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sports" title="Field sports">Field sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowling" title="Fowling">Fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_hunting" title="Handgun hunting">Handgun hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_hunting" title="Internet hunting">Internet hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_hunting" title="Layout hunting">Layout hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monter%C3%ADa_(hunt)" title="Montería (hunt)">Montería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttonbirding" title="Muttonbirding">Muttonbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_hunting" title="Persistence hunting">Persistence hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">Pest control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_hunting" title="Plume hunting">Plume hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlighting" title="Spotlighting">Spotlighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_hunting" title="Trophy hunting">Trophy hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Trapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_hunting" title="Trail hunting">Trail hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treeing" title="Treeing">Treeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_hunting" title="Upland hunting">Upland hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_hunting" title="Varmint hunting">Varmint hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venatio" title="Venatio">Venatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_call" title="Game call">Game call</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duck_call" title="Duck call">Duck call</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_suit" title="Ghillie suit">Ghillie suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_bag" title="Hunting bag">Hunting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">Air gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assegai" title="Assegai">Assegai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_spear" title="Bear spear">Bear spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">Boar spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowgun" title="Blowgun">Blowgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">Spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">Throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sticks_(weapon_mount)" title="Shooting sticks (weapon mount)">Shooting sticks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_hunting" title="Alligator hunting">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_five_game" title="Big five game">Big five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_hunting" title="Bison hunting">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_hunting" title="Boar hunting">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_hunting" title="Coon hunting">Raccoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_hunting" title="Deer hunting">Deer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deer_stalking" title="Deer stalking">Stalking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hunting" title="Human hunting">Human</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">Headhunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal_coursing" title="Jackal coursing">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink_hunting" title="Mink hunting">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_game" title="Plains game">Plains game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbiting" title="Rabbiting">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_shooting" title="Rook shooting">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_hunting" title="Tiger hunting">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_hunting" title="Turkey hunting">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_hunting" title="Lion hunting">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_hunting" title="Quail hunting">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting_with_dogs" title="Wolf hunting with dogs">With dogs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal</a></li> <li>Squirrel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_poaching" title="Squirrel poaching">Poaching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_pound" title="Buffalo pound">Buffalo pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_(land)" title="Chase (land)">Chase (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_park_(England)" title="Deer park (England)">Deer park (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_forest" title="Deer forest">Deer forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_kite" title="Desert kite">Desert kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_larder" title="Game larder">Game larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">Game reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_farm" title="Game farm">Game farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_blind" title="Hunting blind">Hunting blind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hide" title="Bird hide">Bird hide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salter_(trap)" title="Salter (trap)">Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_lodge" title="Sporting lodge">Sporting lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Jagdschloss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_trap" title="Wolf trap">Wolf trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Australia" title="Hunting in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dugong_hunting_in_Australia" title="Dugong hunting in Australia">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_industry" title="Kangaroo industry">Kangaroo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_tiger_hunts_in_Azerbaijan" title="Historical tiger hunts in Azerbaijan">Tiger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li>Chad <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Chad" title="Elephant hunting in Chad">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greenland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_poaching_in_India" title="Tiger poaching in India">Tiger poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_poaching_in_Assam" title="Rhino poaching in Assam">Rhino poaching in Assam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Kenya" title="Elephant hunting in Kenya">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_New_Zealand" title="Hunting in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter-based_hunting_in_Fiordland" title="Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland">Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_Hunting_in_Pakistan" title="Trophy Hunting in Pakistan">Trophy Hunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Romania" title="Hunting in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Spain" title="Hunting in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_hunting_reserves_in_Switzerland" title="List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland">Federal hunting reserves</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tonga <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_snaring" title="Pigeon snaring">Pigeon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_the_United_States" title="Hunting in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Hunting and fishing in Alaska">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation and conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_(fishing_and_hunting)" title="Bag (fishing and hunting)">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag_limits" title="Bag limits">Bag limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_management" title="Deer management">Deer management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Act_1831" title="Game Act 1831">Game Act 1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_law" title="Game law">Game law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_preservation" title="Game preservation">Game preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_season" title="Hunting season">Hunting season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">Sustainable hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambi_effect" title="Bambi effect">Bambi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooding_(hunting)" title="Blooding (hunting)">Blooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_hunt" title="Canned hunt">Canned hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_hawking" title="Car hawking">Car hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_ague" title="Duck ague">Duck ague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry_training_and_technique" title="Falconry training and technique">Falconry training and technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_chase" title="Fair chase">Fair chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_dressing_(hunting)" title="Field dressing (hunting)">Field dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamekeepers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom">Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillie" title="Gillie">Gillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">Hunting dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_magic" title="Hunting magic">Hunting magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">List of hunting deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_big-game_hunters" title="List of big-game hunters">List of big-game hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahawking" title="Parahawking">Parahawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_hunter" title="Professional hunter">Professional hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Cecil_the_lion" title="Killing of Cecil the lion">Killing of Cecil the lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raptor_persecution" title="Raptor persecution">Raptor persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_orange" title="Safety orange">Safety orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_(hunting)" title="Take (hunting)">Take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_(hunting)" title="Tracking (hunting)">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hunter" title="White hunter">White hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_Alliance" title="Countryside Alliance">Countryside Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducks_Unlimited" title="Ducks Unlimited">Ducks Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Associations_for_Hunting_and_Conservation_of_the_EU" title="Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU">Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Hunters%27_Association" title="Finnish Hunters' Association">Finnish Hunters' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Cruel_Sports" title="League Against Cruel Sports">League Against Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Falconers_Association" title="North American Falconers Association">North American Falconers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club_International" title="Safari Club International">Safari Club International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">Blood sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_hunting" title="Drag hunting">Drag hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_trial" title="Field trial">Field trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_strategy" title="Hunting strategy">Hunting strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_collecting" title="Insect collecting">Insect collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_hunting" title="Orchid hunting">Orchid hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Overview of gun laws by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39503#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/94964164">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817041/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMcYkQb8F7wXT99YWd84q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118504509">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014110560">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0314406&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007334015605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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