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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards,_achievements_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_achievements_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards, achievements and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_achievements_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Jackson (engineer)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ماري جاكسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري جاكسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(inhinyero)" title="Mary Jackson (inhinyero) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mary Jackson (inhinyero)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(enginyera)" title="Mary Jackson (enginyera) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary Jackson (enginyera)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(in%C5%BEen%C3%BDrka)" title="Mary Jackson (inženýrka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary Jackson (inženýrka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(Ingenieurin)" title="Mary Jackson (Ingenieurin) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary Jackson (Ingenieurin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD_(%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Μαίρη Τζάκσον (μηχανικός) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαίρη Τζάκσον (μηχανικός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(ingeniera)" title="Mary Jackson (ingeniera) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Jackson (ingeniera)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="ماری جکسون (مهندس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماری جکسون (مهندس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(math%C3%A9maticienne)" title="Mary Jackson (mathématicienne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Jackson (mathématicienne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(enxe%C3%B1eira)" title="Mary Jackson (enxeñeira) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mary Jackson (enxeñeira)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_W._%EC%9E%AD%EC%8A%A8" title="메리 W. 잭슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 W. 잭슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մերի Ջեքսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերի Ջեքսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(insinyur)" title="Mary Jackson (insinyur) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary Jackson (insinyur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%AA)" title="מרי ג'קסון (מהנדסת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרי ג'קסון (מהנדסת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მერი ჯექსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერი ჯექსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA_(%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC)" title="മേരി ജാക്സൺ (എഞ്ചിനീയർ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേരി ജാക്സൺ (എഞ്ചിനീയർ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="مارى جاكسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى جاكسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3_(%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%80%85)" title="メアリー・ジャクソン (技術者) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メアリー・ジャクソン (技術者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਮੈਰੀ ਜੈਕਸਨ (ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਰੀ ਜੈਕਸਨ (ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(in%C5%BCynier)" title="Mary Jackson (inżynier) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mary Jackson (inżynier)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Джексон, Мэри (инженер) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джексон, Мэри (инженер)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мери Џексон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мери Џексон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mary Jackson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மேரி ஜாக்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேரி ஜாக்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(m%C3%BChendis)" title="Mary Jackson (mühendis) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mary Jackson (mühendis)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мері Джексон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мері Джексон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jackson" title="Mary Jackson – 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American aerospace engineer (1921–2005)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mary Jackson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_(LRC-1979-B701_P-07085).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg/220px-Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg/330px-Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg/440px-Mary_Jackson_1979_Portrait_%28LRC-1979-B701_P-07085%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6069" data-file-height="7102" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jackson in 1979</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mary Winston</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-04-09</span>)</span>April 9, 1921<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 2005<span style="display:none">(2005-02-11)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Hampton, Virginia, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hampton_University" title="Hampton University">Hampton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Aerospace engineer at NASA and advocacy for <a href="/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields" title="Women in STEM fields">women in STEM fields</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Levi Jackson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1944; died 1992)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li><li>mathematics</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary Jackson</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Winston</b></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> April 9, 1921 – February 11, 2005) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (NACA), which in 1958 was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA). She worked at <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley Research Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>, for most of her career. She started as a <a href="/wiki/Computer_(occupation)" title="Computer (occupation)">computer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">the segregated</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Area_Computers" title="West Area Computers">West Area Computing division</a> in 1951. In 1958, after taking engineering classes, she became NASA's first black female engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 34 years at NASA, Jackson had earned the most senior engineering title available. She realized she could not earn further promotions without becoming a supervisor. She accepted a demotion to become a manager of both the Federal Women's Program, in the NASA Office of Equal Opportunity Programs and of the <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Affirmative Action">Affirmative Action</a> Program. In this role, she worked to influence the hiring and promotion of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields" title="Women in STEM fields">women in NASA's science, engineering, and mathematics careers</a>. </p><p>Jackson's story features in the 2016 non-fiction book <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures_(book)" title="Hidden Figures (book)"><i>Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race</i></a>. She is one of the three protagonists in <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a></i>, the film adaptation released the same year. In 2019, Jackson was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the Washington, D.C. headquarters of NASA was renamed the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Headquarters" title="NASA Headquarters">Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mary Jackson was born on April 9, 1921, to Ella Winston (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Scott) and Frank Winston.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She grew up in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>, United States of America, where she graduated from high school with the highest honors.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson earned <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degrees</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_physical_science" title="Outline of physical science">physical science</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hampton_University" title="Hampton University">Hampton University</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was initiated into the Gamma Theta chapter of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> sorority at Hampton.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackson served for more than 30 years as a <a href="/wiki/Girl_Guides" title="Girl Guides">Girl Scout</a> leader.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s she helped African American children in her community create a miniature <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> for testing airplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1977_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1977-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson was married on November 18, 1944, to Levi Jackson Sr., a sailor in the U.S. Navy, until his death in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children, Levi Jackson Jr. and Carolyn Marie Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_group_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jackson_group_photo.jpg/220px-Jackson_group_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jackson_group_photo.jpg/330px-Jackson_group_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jackson_group_photo.jpg/440px-Jackson_group_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="1265" /></a><figcaption>Jackson (first row, far right) with the 4'x4' Supersonic Pressure Tunnel staff in 1956<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jackson_working.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of Mary Jackson standing in front of large instruments, holding a clipboard and pencil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mary_Jackson_working.jpg/220px-Mary_Jackson_working.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mary_Jackson_working.jpg/330px-Mary_Jackson_working.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mary_Jackson_working.jpg/440px-Mary_Jackson_working.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption>Jackson working at the <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley Research Center</a> in 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>After graduation, Mary Jackson taught mathematics for a year at an African-American school in <a href="/wiki/Calvert_County,_Maryland" title="Calvert County, Maryland">Calvert County, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, public schools were still <a href="/wiki/School_segregation_in_the_United_States#Historical_segregation" title="School segregation in the United States">segregated</a> across the South. She also began tutoring high school and college students, which she continued to do throughout her life.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1943, she had returned to Hampton, where she became a bookkeeper at the National Catholic Community Center there. She worked as a receptionist and clerk at the Hampton Institute's Health Department. She was pregnant during this time and eventually returned home for the birth of her son. In 1951, she became a clerk at the Office of the Chief Army Field Forces at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Jackson was recruited by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which in 1958 was succeeded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1977_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1977-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She started as a research mathematician, or computer, at the <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley Research Center</a> in her hometown of Hampton, Virginia. She worked under <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Vaughan" title="Dorothy Vaughan">Dorothy Vaughan</a> in the segregated West Area Computing Section.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1953, she accepted an offer to work for engineer <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Czarnecki_(engineer)" title="Kazimierz Czarnecki (engineer)">Kazimierz Czarnecki</a> in the Supersonic Pressure Tunnel. The 4 by 4 foot (1.2 by 1.2 m), 60,000 horsepower (45 MW) <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> was used to study forces on a model by generating winds at almost twice the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">speed of sound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Czarnecki encouraged Jackson to undergo training so that she could be promoted to an engineer. She needed to take graduate-level courses in mathematics and physics to qualify for the job. They were offered in a night program by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, held at the all-white <a href="/wiki/Hampton_High_School_(Virginia)" title="Hampton High School (Virginia)">Hampton High School</a>. Jackson petitioned the City of Hampton to allow her to attend the classes. After completing the courses, she was promoted to aerospace engineer in 1958, and became NASA's first black female engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_1977_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1977-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She analyzed data from <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> experiments and real-world aircraft flight experiments at the Theoretical Aerodynamics Branch of the Subsonic-Transonic Aerodynamics Division at Langley.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her goal was to understand air flow, including <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> forces, in order to improve United States planes.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1999_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of Mary Jackson holding a model in a wind tunnel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg/220px-Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg/330px-Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg/440px-Mary_Jackson_in_a_wind_tunnel_with_a_model_at_NASA_Langley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2324" /></a><figcaption>Jackson holding a wind tunnel model in 1977</figcaption></figure><p>Jackson worked as an engineer in several NASA divisions: the Compressibility Research Division, Full-Scale Research Division, High-Speed Aerodynamics Division, and the Subsonic-Transonic Aerodynamics Division.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She ultimately authored or co-authored 12 technical papers for NACA and NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked to help women and other minorities to advance their careers, including advising them how to study in order to qualify for promotions.<sup id="cite_ref-Champine_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Champine-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1979, Jackson had achieved the most senior title within the engineering department. She decided to take a demotion in order to serve as an administrator in the Equal Opportunity Specialist field. After undergoing training at <a href="/wiki/NASA_Headquarters" title="NASA Headquarters">NASA Headquarters</a>, she returned to Langley. She worked to make changes and highlight women and other minorities who were accomplished in the field. She served as both the Federal Women's Program Manager in the Office of Equal Opportunity Programs and as the Affirmative Action Program Manager, and she worked to influence the career paths of women in science, engineering, and mathematics positions at NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Champine_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Champine-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson died on February 11, 2005, age 83.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a></i> recounts the NASA careers of Jackson, <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Vaughan" title="Dorothy Vaughan">Dorothy Vaughan</a> working on <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a>. The film is based on the book of the same name by <a href="/wiki/Margot_Lee_Shetterly" title="Margot Lee Shetterly">Margot Lee Shetterly</a>. Jackson is portrayed in the film by <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> School Board voted that Jackson Elementary School in Salt Lake City, Utah, would be renamed for Mary Jackson instead of President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NASA's <a href="/wiki/NASA_Headquarters" title="NASA Headquarters">headquarters</a> building in Washington, D.C. was renamed the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters in a virtual ceremony on February 26, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards,_achievements_and_honors"><span id="Awards.2C_achievements_and_honors"></span>Awards, achievements and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards, achievements and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mary Jackson sitting, adjusting a control on an instrument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg/220px-Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg/330px-Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg/440px-Mary_Jackson_working_2_-_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption>Jackson working at a control panel in 1980</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1958, Mary Jackson became the first Female African-American to become an engineer</li> <li>Apollo Group Achievement Award, 1969<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Daniels Alumni Award for Outstanding Service to Disadvantaged Youth<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a>, Inc. Certificate of Recognition for Outstanding Service to the Community<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1972, Distinguished Service Award for her work with the Combined Federal Campaign representing Humanitarian Agencies</li> <li>Langley Research Center Outstanding Volunteer Award, 1975<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Langley Research Center Volunteer of the Year, 1976<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iota Lambda Sorority Award for the Peninsula Outstanding Woman Scientist, 1976<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King Street Community Center Outstanding Award<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Technical Association's Tribute Award, 1976<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hampton Roads Chapter "Book of Golden Deeds" for service<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Langley Research Center Certificate of Appreciation, 1976–1977<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_1979_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-congress_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was accepted by family members at the 2024 ceremony<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On November 6, 2020, a satellite (ÑuSat 17 or "Mary", <a href="/wiki/COSPAR" class="mw-redirect" title="COSPAR">COSPAR</a> 2020-079J) named after her was launched into space</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (September 1958), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930085290"><i>Effects of Nose Angle and Mach Number on Transition on Cones at Supersonic Speeds (NACA TN 4388)</i></a>, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Effects+of+Nose+Angle+and+Mach+Number+on+Transition+on+Cones+at+Supersonic+Speeds+%28NACA+TN+4388%29&rft.pub=National+Advisory+Committee+for+Aeronautics&rft.date=1958-09&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Mary+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D19930085290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Jackson, Mary W.; Czarnecki, K.R. (1960), <i>Investigation by Schlieren Technique of Methods of Fixing Fully Turbulent Flow on Models at Supersonic Speeds</i>, vol. 242, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investigation+by+Schlieren+Technique+of+Methods+of+Fixing+Fully+Turbulent+Flow+on+Models+at+Supersonic+Speeds&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Mary+W.&rft.au=Czarnecki%2C+K.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (January 1961), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040006462"><i>Effects of Cone Angle, Mach Number, and Nose Blunting on Transition at Supersonic Speeds (NASA TN D-634)</i></a>, NASA Langley Research Center</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Effects+of+Cone+Angle%2C+Mach+Number%2C+and+Nose+Blunting+on+Transition+at+Supersonic+Speeds+%28NASA+TN+D-634%29&rft.pub=NASA+Langley+Research+Center&rft.date=1961-01&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Mary+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D20040006462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Jackson, Mary W.; Czarnecki, K. R. (July 1961), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19980227788"><i>Boundary-Layer Transition on a Group of Blunt Nose Shapes at a Mach Number of 2.20 (NASA TN D-932)</i></a>, NASA Langley Research Center</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boundary-Layer+Transition+on+a+Group+of+Blunt+Nose+Shapes+at+a+Mach+Number+of+2.20+%28NASA+TN+D-932%29&rft.pub=NASA+Langley+Research+Center&rft.date=1961-07&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Mary+W.&rft.au=Czarnecki%2C+K.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D19980227788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K.R.; Jackson, Mary W.; Monta, William J. (1963), <i>Studies of Skin Friction at Supersonic Speeds (Turbulent Boundary Layer and Skin Friction Data for Supersonic Transports)</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+of+Skin+Friction+at+Supersonic+Speeds+%28Turbulent+Boundary+Layer+and+Skin+Friction+Data+for+Supersonic+Transports%29&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Mary+W.&rft.au=Monta%2C+William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Jackson, Mary W.; Czarnecki, K. R.; Monta, William J. (July 1965), <i>Turbulent Skin Friction at High Reynolds Numbers and Low Supersonic Velocities</i>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turbulent+Skin+Friction+at+High+Reynolds+Numbers+and+Low+Supersonic+Velocities&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=1965-07&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Mary+W.&rft.au=Czarnecki%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Monta%2C+William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K.R.; Jackson, M.W.; Sorrells, R. B. III (December 1, 1966), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670003841&qs=N%3D4293861466"><i>Measurement by wake momentum surveys at Mach 1.61 and 2.01 of turbulent boundary-layer skin friction on five swept wings</i></a>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Measurement+by+wake+momentum+surveys+at+Mach+1.61+and+2.01+of+turbulent+boundary-layer+skin+friction+on+five+swept+wings&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=1966-12-01&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M.W.&rft.au=Sorrells%2C+R.+B.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D19670003841%26qs%3DN%253D4293861466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K.R.; Allen, J. M.; Jackson, M.W. (January 1, 1967), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740075124&qs=N%3D4293861466">"Boundary-layer transition on hypersonic-cruise aircraft"</a>, <i>Conf. On Hypersonic Aircraft Technol</i>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conf.+On+Hypersonic+Aircraft+Technol&rft.atitle=Boundary-layer+transition+on+hypersonic-cruise+aircraft&rft.date=1967-01-01&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Allen%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D19740075124%26qs%3DN%253D4293861466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Czarnecki, K.R.; Jackson, M.W. (November 1, 1970), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19710002073&qs=N%3D4293861466"><i>Theoretical pressure distributions over arbitrarily shaped periodic waves in subsonic compressible flow and comparison with experiment</i></a>, National Aeronautics and Space Administration</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theoretical+pressure+distributions+over+arbitrarily+shaped+periodic+waves+in+subsonic+compressible+flow+and+comparison+with+experiment&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=1970-11-01&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+M.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fsearch.jsp%3FR%3D19710002073%26qs%3DN%253D4293861466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzarneckiJackson1975" class="citation journal cs1">Czarnecki, K.R.; Jackson, Mary W. (December 1975). "Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation due to a Forward-Facing Step". <i>AIAA Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (12): 1585–1591. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975AIAAJ..13.1585C">1975AIAAJ..13.1585C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2514%2F3.60582">10.2514/3.60582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIAA+Journal&rft.atitle=Turbulent+Boundary-Layer+Separation+due+to+a+Forward-Facing+Step&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1585-1591&rft.date=1975-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2514%2F3.60582&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1975AIAAJ..13.1585C&rft.aulast=Czarnecki&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Mary+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathaleen_Land" title="Kathaleen Land">Kathaleen Land</a>, mathematician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Jackson-mathematician-and-engineer">"Mary Jackson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. April 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mary+Jackson&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMary-Jackson-mathematician-and-engineer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/mary-w-jackson-biography/">"Mary W. Jackson - NASA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Mary+Winston-Jackson&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=Timmons&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fmary-winston-jackson-120616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-bio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-bio_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetterly2016" class="citation web cs1">Shetterly, Margot Lee (November 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161217165828/https://www.nasa.gov/content/mary-jackson-biography">"Mary Jackson Biography"</a>. 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Jackson"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Names+Headquarters+After+%27Hidden+Figure%27+Mary+W.+Jackson&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-names-headquarters-after-hidden-figure-mary-w-jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2021" class="citation web cs1">Potter, Sean (February 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-honor-hidden-figure-mary-w-jackson-during-headquarters-naming-ceremony">"NASA to Honor 'Hidden Figure' Mary W. Jackson During Naming Ceremony"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+to+Honor+%27Hidden+Figure%27+Mary+W.+Jackson+During+Naming+Ceremony&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-to-honor-hidden-figure-mary-w-jackson-during-headquarters-naming-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNASA2021" class="citation web cs1">NASA (February 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_GLacYoGO4">"NASA ceremony to name headquarters after Hidden Figure Mary W. Jackson"</a>. <i>YouTube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=NASA+ceremony+to+name+headquarters+after+Hidden+Figure+Mary+W.+Jackson&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft.au=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dd_GLacYoGO4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2019" class="citation web cs1">Joseph, Natalie (December 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/hidden-figures-honored-at-us-capitol-for-congressional-gold-medal">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Hidden Figures' Honored at U.S. Capitol for Congressional Gold Medal"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=%27Hidden+Figures%27+Honored+at+U.S.+Capitol+for+Congressional+Gold+Medal&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fhidden-figures-honored-at-us-capitol-for-congressional-gold-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/nasas-hidden-figures-honored-with-congressional-gold-medals">"NASA's Hidden Figures Honored with Congressional Gold Medals"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. September 19, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Hidden+Figures+Honored+with+Congressional+Gold+Medals&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters-and-facilities%2Flangley%2Fnasas-hidden-figures-honored-with-congressional-gold-medals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jackson_(engineer)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mary_Jackson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mary Jackson">Mary Jackson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806120505/http://www.thehumancomputerproject.com/">"The Human Computer Project"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehumancomputerproject.com/">the original</a> on August 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Human+Computer+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehumancomputerproject.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Jackson+%28engineer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/174900723">Mary Winston Jackson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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