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Three of the boys, as well as their coach, 25-year-old Ekkapol Chantawong, belong to Thailand’s stateless population. “Coach Ek” and these boys have escaped from the treacherous caves, but remain trapped, as they have been all their lives, in a state of legal limbo." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.rescue.org/uk/article/some-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_16x9_1280px_wide/public/article/1740/teaser/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QNp6hjQa" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The IRC" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.rescue.org/uk/article/some-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Some of the boys rescued from a Thai cave are “stateless.” What does that mean?" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The world is celebrating the extraordinary rescue of the Wild Boars football team from a flooded cave network in the Mai Sai district of Thailand, but the incident has also shined a spotlight on a humanitarian crisis on the Thailand-Myanmar border that has been overlooked since the start of military rule in Myanmar in the 1960s. Three of the boys, as well as their coach, 25-year-old Ekkapol Chantawong, belong to Thailand’s stateless population. “Coach Ek” and these boys have escaped from the treacherous caves, but remain trapped, as they have been all their lives, in a state of legal limbo." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_16x9_1280px_wide/public/article/1740/teaser/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QNp6hjQa" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1280" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The world is celebrating the extraordinary rescue of the Wild Boars football team from a flooded cave network in the Mai Sai district of Thailand, but the incident has also shined a spotlight on a humanitarian crisis on the Thailand-Myanmar border that has been overlooked since the start of military rule in Myanmar in the 1960s. Three of the boys, as well as their coach, 25-year-old Ekkapol Chantawong, belong to Thailand’s stateless population. “Coach Ek” and these boys have escaped from the treacherous caves, but remain trapped, as they have been all their lives, in a state of legal limbo." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Some of the boys rescued from a Thai cave are “stateless.” What does that mean?" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@RESCUE_UK" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.rescue.org/uk/article/some-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1280" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_16x9_1280px_wide/public/article/1740/teaser/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QNp6hjQa" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="720" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://www.rescue.org#organization", "url": "https://www.rescue.org", "name": "The IRC", "sameAs": [ "https://twitter.com/RESCUE_UK", "https://www.facebook.com/RESCUE.UK", "https://www.instagram.com/rescue_uk", "https://www.youtube.com/user/ircuk97", "https://www.tiktok.com/@rescue_uk", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-rescue-committee-uk/" ], "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/og-image-logo.png", "width": "600", "height": "800" } }, "headline": "Some of the boys rescued from a Thai cave are “stateless.” What does that mean? ", "description": "The world is celebrating the extraordinary rescue of the Wild Boars football team from a flooded cave network in the Mai Sai district of Thailand, but the incident has also shined a spotlight on a humanitarian crisis on the Thailand-Myanmar border that has been overlooked since the start of military rule in Myanmar in the 1960s. Three of the boys, as well as their coach, 25-year-old Ekkapol Chantawong, belong to Thailand’s stateless population. “Coach Ek” and these boys have escaped from the treacherous caves, but remain trapped, as they have been all their lives, in a state of legal limbo.", "datePublished": "2018-07-17T14:01:19+0000", "dateModified": "2022-06-30T14:46:15+0000", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.rescue.org/uk/article/some-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/styles/widescreen_16x9_1280px_wide/public/article/1740/teaser/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QNp6hjQa", "width": "1280", "height": "720" }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://www.rescue.org#sarah-newgarden", "name": "Sarah Newgarden" } } ] }</script> <meta name="naver-site-verification" content="68258c8ce45da2ff0efe53ad2e145328686db956" /> <link rel="icon" href="/modules/rescue_x/themes/x/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="https://www.rescue.org/uk/article/some-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean" /> <title>Some of the boys rescued from a Thai cave are “stateless.” What does that mean? 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aria-label="Ambassadors">Ambassadors</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-2" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link" href="/uk/where-we-work" aria-label="Where We work">Where We work</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item--last"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">placeholder</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-title" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target>Africa</div><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target></button><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-1"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/burkina-faso" aria-label="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/burundi" aria-label="Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/cameroon" aria-label="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/central-african-republic" aria-label="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/chad" aria-label="Chad">Chad</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/democratic-republic-congo" aria-label="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/ethiopia" aria-label="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/ivory-coast" aria-label="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk" aria-label="Inaccessible">Inaccessible</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/liberia" aria-label="Liberia">Liberia</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/libya" aria-label="Libya">Libya</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/mali" aria-label="Mali">Mali</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/niger" aria-label="Niger">Niger</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/nigeria" aria-label="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/somalia" aria-label="Somalia">Somalia</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/south-sudan" aria-label="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/sudan" aria-label="Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/tanzania" aria-label="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/uganda" aria-label="Uganda">Uganda</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/zimbabwe" aria-label="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-title" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target>Middle East</div><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target></button><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-1"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/iraq" aria-label="Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/jordan" aria-label="Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/lebanon" aria-label="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/occupied-palestinian-territory-opt" aria-label="Occupied Palestinian territory (oPt)">Occupied Palestinian territory (oPt)</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/syria" aria-label="Syria">Syria</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/yemen" aria-label="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-title" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target>Asia</div><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target></button><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-1"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/afghanistan" aria-label="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/bangladesh" aria-label="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/malaysia" aria-label="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/myanmar" aria-label="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/pakistan" aria-label="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/thailand" aria-label="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-title" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target>Latin America</div><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target></button><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-1"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/colombia" aria-label="Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/el-salvador" aria-label="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/venezuela" aria-label="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/mexico" aria-label="Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-title" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target>Europe</div><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target></button><div class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-1"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/united-kingdom" aria-label="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/germany" aria-label="Germany">Germany</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/greece" aria-label="Greece">Greece</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-4 rplc-main-menu__level-4--group-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/italy" aria-label="Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/serbia" aria-label="Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/uk/topic/ukraine-crisis" aria-label="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/united-states" aria-label="United States">United States</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/country/united-kingdom" aria-label="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/watchlist" aria-label="Watchlist Countries">Watchlist Countries</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link" href="/uk/what-we-do" aria-label="What We Do">What We Do</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Where We Focus</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/supporting-refugees-uk" aria-label="Integration in the UK">Integration in the UK</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/topic/support-refugees" aria-label="Supporting Refugees">Supporting Refugees</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/women-and-girls" aria-label="Women's Protection and Empowerment">Women's Protection and Empowerment</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/irc-westminster" aria-label="IRC in Westminster ">IRC in Westminster </a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/education" aria-label="Education">Education</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/health" aria-label="Health">Health</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/safety" aria-label="Safety">Safety</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/economic-wellbeing" aria-label="Economic Wellbeing">Economic Wellbeing</a></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item--last"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Our Approach</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/page/how-we-use-evidence" aria-label="How We Use Evidence">How We Use Evidence</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://medium.com/air-bel" aria-label="Airbel Centre R&D">Airbel Centre R&D</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/reports" aria-label="Reports & Resources">Reports & Resources</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/outcome/women-and-girls" aria-label="Centred on Women and Girls">Centred on Women and Girls</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/resource/strategy-100-brochure" aria-label="Strategy 100">Strategy 100</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/article/safeguarding-irc" aria-label="Commitment to Safeguarding">Commitment to Safeguarding</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link" href="/uk/how-to-help" aria-label="How to Help">How to Help</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Give</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://help.rescue-uk.org/" aria-label="Donate">Donate</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/uk/make-lasting-impact" aria-label="Donate Monthly">Donate Monthly</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://irc.weeklylottery.org.uk/" aria-label="Play IRC's Weekly Lottery">Play IRC's Weekly Lottery</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://irc.raffleentry.org.uk/" aria-label="Play the IRC raffle">Play the IRC raffle</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/our-supporter-promise" aria-label="Our Supporter Promise">Our Supporter Promise</a></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item--last"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Join Us</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/become-corporate-partner" aria-label="Become a Corporate Partner">Become a Corporate Partner</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/become-philanthropic-partner" aria-label="Become a Philanthropic Partner">Become a Philanthropic Partner</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/fundraise-refugees" aria-label="Fundraise">Fundraise</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/uk/what-face-face-fundraising" aria-label="Face to Face Fundraising">Face to Face Fundraising</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/careers" aria-label="Careers">Careers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link--last" href="/uk/latest" aria-label="Latest">Latest</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">News</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/latest" aria-label="News & Features">News & Features</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/uk/media-centre" aria-label="Media Centre">Media Centre</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" 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class="rplm-stacked-headline-2 rplm-stacked-headline-2--type-one"><div class="rpla-slug rpla-slug--size-large" tabindex="0"></div><h1 class="rpla-responsive-title rpla-responsive-title--very-long" tabindex="0"> Some of the boys rescued from a Thai cave are “stateless.” What does that mean? </h1><div class="rplm-stacked-headline-2__summary-wrapper"><p class="rpla-paragraph" tabindex="0"></p></div></div></div><div class="rpll-hero-layout-1__primary-2"><div class="rplc-hero-article__dates-wrapper"><div class="rpla-meta"> July 17, 2018 </div><div class="rpla-meta">Last updated: <time datetime="2018-07-17T14:01:19+00:00">July 17, 2018</time></div></div></div><div class="rpll-hero-layout-1__secondary-1"><div class="rplm-social-share rplm-social-share--type-two"><div class="rplm-social-share__icons-wrapper"><div class="rplm-social-share__icon-only-link-wrapper" data-rpla-hover-target><a 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1.51h.034V5.683h-2.95c0 .823-.033 8.917-.033 8.917z"/></svg></div></span></a></div><div class="rplm-social-share__icon-only-link-wrapper" data-rpla-hover-target><a href="mailto:?subject=Some%20of%20the%20boys%20rescued%20from%20a%20Thai%20cave%20are%20%E2%80%9Cstateless.%E2%80%9D%20What%20does%20that%20mean%3F%20%20%20&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rescue.org%2Fuk%2Farticle%2Fsome-boys-rescued-thai-cave-are-stateless-what-does-mean" class="rpla-icon-only-link rpla-icon-only-link--type-two rpla-icon-only-link--mail" data-rpla-hover-target data-rpl-popup aria-label="mail" tabindex='0' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" title=" Mail (this link opens in a new window) " ><span class="rpla-icon-only-link__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--mail rpla-icon--fill-third-party-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M14.717 3.64V2.387s.064 0 .192.032c.127.032.32.064.544.224s.417.417.513.802c0 .032.032.096.032.128v.64c0 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2.8-8.4 2.9-11.9.2l-.7-.6c-.1-.1-.3-.1-.4-.1h-1zM18.5 19C13.3 19 9 14.7 9 9.5S13.3 0 18.5 0C23.8 0 28 4.3 28 9.5S23.8 19 18.5 19zm0-16C14.9 3 12 5.9 12 9.5s3 6.5 6.5 6.5c3.6 0 6.5-2.9 6.5-6.5S22.1 3 18.5 3z"/></svg></div></div><div class="rplm-person-info-1__byline"><span class="rplm-person-info-1__prefix">by </span><span class="rplm-person-info-1__name">Sarah Newgarden</span><div class="rplm-person-info-1__title"></div></div></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div><main id="main-content" class="rpll-page__main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div></div><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body rpla-paragraph--lead">The world is celebrating the extraordinary rescue of the Wild Boars football team from a flooded cave network in the Mai Sai district of Thailand, but the incident has also shined a spotlight on a humanitarian crisis on the Thailand-Myanmar border that has been overlooked since the start of military rule in Myanmar in the 1960s. Three of the boys, as well as their coach, 25-year-old Ekkapol Chantawong, belong to Thailand’s stateless population. “Coach Ek” and these boys have escaped from the treacherous caves, but remain trapped, as they have been all their lives, in a state of legal limbo.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Statelessness is a serious and little understood problem common in regions like the Myanmar-Thailand border plagued by conflict. Stateless persons are not recognised as citizens of any country. “Theoretically, all people must be under the care and protection of at least one state,” <a href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/national/30349971" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one">said </a>Thai lawyer and human rights activist Surapong Kongchantuk. “But in reality, there are more than 500,000 persons in Thailand who do not have any nationality, even though they were born and raised in Thailand.”</p><div class="rplc-tweet"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Thai cave rescue: First pictures emerge of boys in hospital <a href="https://t.co/Lvz0Tg8Ge3">https://t.co/Lvz0Tg8Ge3</a></p>— BBC News (World) (@BBCWorld) <a href="https://twitter.com/BBCWorld/status/1017032449757458432?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 11, 2018</a></blockquote></div><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Although health care and education are provided to all people in Thailand, it can take more than 10 years for some stateless people to get nationality to acquire Thai citizenship, according to Surapong. Those awaiting a decision cannot legally work, open a bank account, travel, vote, or own property. Those without any documentation or nationality verification can be deported and are perpetually vulnerable to exploitation such as sexual violence, human trafficking and forced labour.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">How did some of the members of the Wild Boars become stateless? Like many others in this situation, they came from minority groups subjected to ethnic conflict, human-rights abuses and economic deprivation in <a href="https://www.rescue-uk.org/country/myanmar" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one">Myanmar</a>. In many cases stateless persons are simply denied citizenship at birth. Hundreds of thousands of them have crossed the border to northern Thailand.</p><div id="21353" class="rplc-image-well-width rplc-image-well-width--caption-style-standard"><div class="rplc-image-well-width__content" data-rpl-state-target-contextual-menu><div class="rplc-image-well-width__image-wrapper"><img class="rpla-responsive-image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/well_width_13x9_640px_wide/public/article/1740/images/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QMo9mLxw" alt="ALT TEXT" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/well_width_13x9_640px_wide/public/article/1740/images/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=QMo9mLxw 640w, /sites/default/files/styles/well_width_13x9_1280px_wide/public/article/1740/images/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=O08ImpcW 1280w, /sites/default/files/styles/well_width_13x9_1920px_wide/public/article/1740/images/thai_cave_1_jpg.jpg?itok=aLBYeoJN 1920w," sizes="(min-width: 1208px) 1208px,(min-width: 321px) 100vw, 320px"></div><div class="rplc-image-well-width__caption-wrapper"><div class="rplm-caption rplm-caption--style-default"><div class="rplm-caption__text-wrapper"><div class="rplm-caption__text">Children in a settlement for migrant workers from Myanmar near Mae Sot, Thailand. Some 3 million refugees, displaced people and migrants live in limbo in Thailand.</div><div class="rplm-caption__credit">Photo: Peter Biro/IRC</div></div></div></div></div></div><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Coach Ek was the boys’ only caregiver for 18 days. Himself a member of the stateless Shan community, he has said that the lack of status of some members of the team had often deterred the team from travelling to away games —and will prevent some of his talented players from becoming professionals unless they acquire a nationality. </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">One of the young players, Adul Sam-on, who proved an invaluable translator to the team’s English-speaking rescuers, is a stateless member of the Wa, a self-governing tribe not recognised by Myanmar or Thailand. Adul’s parents smuggled him into Mai Sai when he was six years old so he could gain an education and escape the fate of becoming a child soldier.</p><div class="rplc-tweet"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">New video shows just how dangerous the Thai cave rescue was <a href="https://t.co/qsYHAmIW3X">https://t.co/qsYHAmIW3X</a><a href="https://t.co/chBp96P1wY">pic.twitter.com/chBp96P1wY</a></p>— CNN (@CNN) <a href="https://twitter.com/CNN/status/1017265041496780802?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 12, 2018</a></blockquote></div><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Adul was taken in by a local Baptist church and, at age 14, is the pride of his community. He excels at academics and sports, speaks five languages, and has earned himself full tuition at school. Although Adul and his teammates have experienced countless ordeals beyond finding themselves trapped a mile underground, they’ve managed, with the help of Coach Ek, to demonstrate their resiliency. </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The boys’ story has raised hopes of a better life for all stateless people in Thailand. Meanwhile, the team has vowed to play soccer every chance they can. The game provides them with a sense of normalcy, even in their very abnormal condition of statelessness.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><em>UPDATE</em>, Jul13: The Independent newspaper <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/thai-cave-latest-rescued-boys-citizenship-coach-stateless-trapped-chiang-rai-a8445516.html?utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1531479057" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one">reports </a>that Thai authorities have now promised to provide Coach Ek and the stateless boys legal assistance and say that, barring complications, all will have Thai nationality within six months.</p><h2 class="section-title rpla-standalone-section-heading">The International Rescue Committee in Thailand</h2><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The IRC helps displaced people along the Thailand-Myanmar border to understand and assert their rights and successfully seek appropriate legal remedies. The IRC also supports migrant advocacy networks in Thailand and provides critical legal, health and protection services to approximately 100,000 refugees living in camps. <a href="https://www.rescue-uk.org/country/thailand" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one">Read about our work in Thailand.</a><br>  </p> </main> <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { var first_element = document.getElementsByClassName('rpll-page__main')[0].firstElementChild; if (first_element && typeof first_element.dataset.rplCanvasColor !== 'undefined') { document.getElementsByClassName('rpll-page__hero-wrapper')[0].dataset.rplCanvasColor = first_element.dataset.rplCanvasColor; } }); </script> <div class="rpll-page__content-marketing-footer"> <div id="33833" class="rplc-call-to-action-1 rplc-call-to-action-1--background-white rplc-call-to-action-1--position-middle"><div class="rplc-call-to-action-1__content" data-rpl-state-target-contextual-menu><a 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rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">What We Do</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/how-to-help" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">How to Help</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/latest" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Latest</a></li></ul><ul class="rplc-footer-menu__menu rplc-footer-menu__menu--utility"><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/careers" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Careers</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/page/contact-us" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Contact Us</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/page/our-code-conduct" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Code of Conduct</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/uk/page/ethics-hotline-report-issue" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Ethics Hotline</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="rpll-footer-layout-1__section"><div class="rplc-efficiency"><div class="rplc-efficiency__content"><div class="rplc-efficiency__title" role="heading" aria-level="4">Our efficiency</div><div class="rplc-efficiency__icon-text-wrapper"><div class="rplc-efficiency__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--efficiency"><svg id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 499.5 499.5"><style>.cls-2{fill:#d1d1d1}</style><path class="cls-1" fill="currentColor" d="M411.1 249.7c0 88.8-72 160.8-160.8 160.8s-160.8-72-160.8-160.8 72-160.8 160.8-160.8c49.3 0 93.4 22.2 122.9 57.2L441 89.2C391.4 30 327 0 249.7 0 111.8 0 0 111.8 0 249.7s111.8 249.7 249.7 249.7 249.7-111.8 249.7-249.7h-88.3z"/><path class="cls-3" d="M405.6 208l85.4-22.9c-10-37.3-25.1-66.3-49.9-95.9l-67.8 56.9c14.9 17.7 26.1 38.8 32.3 61.9z"/><path class="cls-2" d="M411.1 249.7h88.4c0-22.1-2.8-43.3-8.5-64.6L405.6 208c3.6 13.3 5.5 27.3 5.5 41.7z"/></svg></div></div><div class="rplc-efficiency__list-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-efficiency__list"><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--first"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">87%</span> Programme services</li><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--second"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">7%</span> Management and general</li><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--third"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">6%</span> Fundraising</li></ul><div class="rplc-efficiency__below"><a href="https://help.rescue-uk.org/donate-web" class="rpla-button rpla-button--size-medium rpla-button--type-one rpla-button--with-icon rpla-button--icon-position-after" role="button"><span class="rpla-button__text">Donate</span><div class="rpla-button__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--heart"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.593 2.173l.834.93.513-.449.128-.128.096-.064.064-.064c.065-.064.129-.097.193-.161.288-.192.641-.32.994-.32h.673c.193 0 .353.032.513.064.321.096.641.288.898.577l.481.545.224.257.193.192c.16.192.256.641.32 1.058.032.225.032.417.032.641v1.347c0 .16-.064.353-.128.513-.128.353-.352.706-.609 1.058-.128.161-.289.321-.417.481-.128.161-.32.289-.481.449l-2.116 1.86-2.116 1.892-.866.769-.417-.385-4.232-3.719-.513-.481-.289-.224-.224-.225c-.289-.321-.577-.673-.77-1.026-.192-.353-.32-.705-.32-1.058V5.123c0-.417.064-.866.192-1.218.064-.193.128-.321.192-.417l.449-.513.449-.513c.096-.096.257-.225.417-.321s.321-.16.481-.192c.096 0 .192-.032.256-.032h.93c.193.032.353.064.513.128.161.064.321.16.481.256.064.065.128.097.193.161l.256.256L7.984 4.77l.385.417 1.731.032-.801-.897-.385-.417L6.99 1.853l-.257-.257c-.128-.128-.224-.224-.352-.288a3.008 3.008 0 0 0-.77-.417 3.467 3.467 0 0 0-.833-.193c-.321-.032-.513 0-.77 0H3.591c-.16 0-.288.032-.449.064a3.792 3.792 0 0 0-.833.321c-.225.16-.449.321-.674.545l-.481.513-.481.577a1.866 1.866 0 0 0-.416.834 5.448 5.448 0 0 0-.225 1.571v1.443c.032.609.225 1.154.481 1.635.257.481.577.866.93 1.251.096.096.16.192.288.288l.225.225.545.481 4.265 3.751.641.577.545.481.064.065c0 .032.032 0 .032 0l.032-.033.128-.128.257-.224 1.25-1.09 2.117-1.86 2.116-1.86c.16-.16.353-.288.545-.513.16-.192.353-.385.513-.577.321-.417.609-.866.802-1.379.096-.256.16-.545.192-.833V5.348c0-.257-.032-.513-.064-.77-.032-.256-.064-.513-.16-.802a2.763 2.763 0 0 0-.385-.833.854.854 0 0 0-.161-.193l-.128-.128-.224-.256-.449-.674c-.385-.417-.898-.769-1.475-.93a3.78 3.78 0 0 0-.866-.096h-.737a3.322 3.322 0 0 0-1.636.545c-.128.097-.256.193-.352.289l-.064.064s-.032.032-.065.032l-.128.128-.513.449z" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rpll-footer-layout-1__section"><div class="rplm-footer-lead-gen-link"><div class="rplm-footer-lead-gen-link__title" role="heading" aria-level="4">Join our mailing list</div><p class="rplm-footer-lead-gen-link__info"> Get the latest news about the IRC's innovative programmes, compelling stories about our clients and how you can make a difference. <a 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0-2.416-.05-3.263-.05-.846-.174-1.42-.373-1.917a3.604 3.604 0 0 0-.922-1.395c-.448-.448-.872-.722-1.395-.922-.498-.2-1.07-.323-1.917-.373C10.416.08 10.143.08 8 .08z" fill-rule="nonzero"/><path d="M8 3.94C5.76 3.94 3.94 5.76 3.94 8c0 2.24 1.82 4.06 4.06 4.06 2.24 0 4.06-1.82 4.06-4.06 0-2.24-1.82-4.06-4.06-4.06zm0 6.7c-1.47 0-2.64-1.17-2.64-2.64 0-1.47 1.17-2.64 2.64-2.64 1.47 0 2.64 1.17 2.64 2.64A2.64 2.64 0 0 1 8 10.64z" fill-rule="nonzero"/><circle cx="12.234" cy="3.766" r=".946"/></svg></div></span></a></div><div class="rplm-social-share__icon-only-link-wrapper" data-rpla-hover-target><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ircuk97" class="rpla-icon-only-link rpla-icon-only-link--type-one rpla-icon-only-link--youtube" data-rpla-hover-target aria-label="youtube" tabindex='0' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" title=" Youtube (this link opens in a new window) " ><span class="rpla-icon-only-link__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--youtube 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href="https://www.rescue.org" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-gray rpla-link--weight-normal">U.S./Global</a></li><li class="rplc-utility-menu__menu-item"><a href="https://www.Rescue-UK.org" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-gray rpla-link--weight-normal">UK</a></li><li class="rplc-utility-menu__menu-item"><a href="http://Rescue-DE.org" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-gray rpla-link--weight-normal">Germany</a></li><li class="rplc-utility-menu__menu-item"><a href="http://Rescue-SE.org" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-gray rpla-link--weight-normal">Sweden</a></li><li class="rplc-utility-menu__menu-item"><a href="http://Rescue-EU.org" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two 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