CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91733ad50f4a9fa3',cH: 'b6dS.rZA4vrugo0efAaAWCfvOPur89jcR1yB2K2mupI-1740439683-1.2.1.1-DvcvpeZmgTSwcyAq3nSMBbHlIBw9dRih99.26F6i0258oqrMUKh7oP0t2s7.4f7T',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=psychographic%20factors&__cf_chl_tk=hI4kqxMKpBk.ZFaAahiYkbcY1LBM.t7pCp2ui.9Ra1o-1740439683-1.0.1.1-.UMA7gup4kEwk5Y7D1ckm8OFSldDLgyWzhdfjmC3RQk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740439683',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=psychographic%20factors&__cf_chl_f_tk=hI4kqxMKpBk.ZFaAahiYkbcY1LBM.t7pCp2ui.9Ra1o-1740439683-1.0.1.1-.UMA7gup4kEwk5Y7D1ckm8OFSldDLgyWzhdfjmC3RQk",md: "UY9M5UWRJ1WtRB3O3Og0Y8k42vMBxiLHERJT_2b6i6E-1740439683-1.2.1.1-n8cIGfSNL_TSVfHq786GkNViKucZHD6sxaUvNzSLnYamBPycXQC4SzlmOGB0PxEc2BLGHTOOnBFiyTykTbA6TDnz0_fLW34wGgKZzlFjjrZNb3ZIDSeMnqktD2RTVw_ZaE4JQpuaU221rXTcS9PZLOLEg6fexQwQZMPg9_v9mLKt6VPkBbjCDZ890jC5lTCz83m2MbbZIYl2KPvhLpu_YVMXCyIh7cY06HmO3BEGqX1nKuEcFkdCtyi83nb1M1kTd2h_rVBlJ362Fg38i2kcJV4N84ooZAmWXfN4WP0k1Gihw5v0hjCGh.TlljHcezYapu1o24GzU5PM.kAbwgzLpGUqCIEx8qN5oGLN9YDw30FamVgBoQYItWzorDU2eh1.hdQ6K7iCBOHANE45TqTvg2uPUJO0D5m9QV5MTASL6tdHMacrI6Xe0ek.8.SA1.vzqb.MiwhA1HFzbpKn.unmDXgTJFsu9xgbODGSzrTeGOm0UFXVGM4mYa.1f0Mrono_tQNFSDLTYtwhaTo8mGGrPxMcFLT4igy_8CUjggaWX7xFc9dLiv1aTDjecVxy_4QtEvLb1Tl6z_LXtk3BO5VSHZhU0U2NpegsQB5iw..iEBnjYAduoupkSJyy5o82DOb2_PDxWrESFe0SMPIqv5Op1L51UYovOmv2q0EViO7YyRGWCKiAieV8fbxX8EA.45xObYqXEHeEugD0V4euGoyNgvYuUS_UFiYfoAT2e_..SXjbUHJKykyiLPXJFEkD3xwdnNz6jcoRf3mjjxIkoKAFPoUPY1boD_SySgL_ZDS4lg05WrQlgAoqMxUpmOH7y6KYeHXU70aZ0fdzgSmrrOwp_J2T.I.MHDxRObqoDqyy0Py07ln4xJIfl9uVJRhvuavrQN5Uj6S0dnDDnWGW3oU.O80y8C8iWZddPNbzMDTmKQVE4z.ynxBiCrJT9h8pTn3lc4HaUGl5keKAa9K7L9ZLDkE8wQHbIch.PUKlkgquz9PkHgxLtmIUhmx0enfkc0C2YUfdb04nSoxX1wbSrlbGhkDYM8HzpgWVG7tZmIIFzrGQPB_6uXnuUHg9zgaRo75RUbfuCVUwr3dDgaWqpuIDXOC14ebP6hgTeDXX24uylT91WqRmqBbxUFw1bPCLpllWqfQdjzvK7lB4IkoCxQZ2Zn9d.K_uHT_EcGaFvsth5JBrcM5ZT92xohg6SyfKS2cfKOdU70VXgQwtFKd31uS.tl6Myibc23kpgHmoSIRSKF8Mmn6.HCYylrkod1tU0GsTPRbIFlhrKA.9WD5ZXwdg724dma.iJ4dh3nbgPWU36pj2Tw.3Li3mIv2ggSsrCtiogOojpn69Wdl__IJy_XVLRpQd7OoLQf922BqUghBHABegFtzkbttPwMt_Se8KcC0v3dIO6jVKx1dI8z7VycKqnoYyQOvohjwRphzRmIM.fSI9GM9RIQXuWDG9wQO5dzEfsyL_AMq5z3uhqIcs1awvFXh0_vM34GSwi4IPwJirQHtygrTenMsEIROjmrtDEU6TYk9sRMUdu1jd.udXbS4sPKpd2rFY7h09fgOEeBX4iP2N9a5LPUUgMELCjDnniiUXh3BqtfziMYy_z38debapyvNXylV5lHqctswZrMCY216wKf235bpiPx5z5VmWCs2x37EDyxXOIlDPNPn_IV1Auf.wKjt3uJaptNDnwWrfbEt5QY8ZWAORjvlTKIIkGPFbF0rRcZsLDJv_ENdQjgmDGBJwL1Aqt1Gj.ETMvE_8dUPuPocBFrShNUHX.MbjEz2MFwj5hFRFXdvZazS_wD53RVZZBGORxNQlVEehHz3PhzHg0K0SMpOl7ZTBTpmtB5kLDXJPSm9cTFrgf9L0N6f.bWu5RQ_u45mPTNN2nuduMW5d4dOlvwMQxDlbGsfzM2HsuXuoIZbzU_frOQZXEi7sllUAsJ8hwPzTziqvNOoAoV3SMkId7HJK3wl73xghPonP",mdrd: "svhTPu1Ki7H.VzR2xuS4lDOyThmgog6_0U._xAxlrrM-1740439683-1.2.1.1-9Vgs8CZBiKwgJ9fNdqUEbFSiWPtNgIgsa.RfQlrjVleZ1tCmnehb9OtSZXgpZUyGk63HjNUsGC060VB1SiLRnMhqYuf8m0uA5JaCO7zIV9Bc6kMXzWp3MGYu48iuUutUWEOGgcsEW2AlvzxDXNP82mconyOwkz.CqCK7objCiOCWWpJPClEdFDjWpCGOn9KSb0zj0krRfC9GrYl_kd6K0q4r3pi0rsnOOM5bMZ83GnxCh0mjPUnJoXsQHv6l3orB7ASkkVFUfyAPST5sQu1S5bCkfKGtOJ9LKZRhjwkb7G8oTsNQFRBjMf7CpZVbSv_9aMhMMdPD.ZmnmB1Q1_LJwBpR2ri3SsaOcmml4NbnuowyoUrBhsHUwSZvM9rjN2ZyUkMaoHalXlOxzNHT9xbAdhH1OHsJIgOrxdgqySqbMCrSQofoRzv_wxSLb8FhO_wfXnbPXPY7kdSaj.3VA7D3PWbzg167aQUcQcWDeEVGOs1l_nVdIXReqkVmuhnxI2AhayMv99j3gvUoNQu004i5ivChanQ4jDBIZzagksyyy2HO9Io.quLgdsU_1RSUgtuIwbwG7l1786PcjnmLXs.CelXjqb.qmUAktvUME7lEU2YwZiqshShhE4fqNpEryZJDmFLv8SzVZ367TLtpTYwSMq1DxR4aLcNqSoKa__hEtmSUote9cQJ92X1Q989UmF1C5gRvsAZeDvnHnELnHld7WPIn9XN7ppxns29VvyEX1GohvtsqPhr0B5GIUpDBUErCGi1ekWROI4aviRUGT04UzP4qVLrIuRc61ZDSwGWfFs5dP.aBRDHZT9BCwzVn40Gvg_Mo1ovd9HfDQVAXcvOCFRaq4T.IkR_gscImWjaIJXpULU7rhswhW4HCMXCRnpebQUdxnLzn7r_rye.4d0Ay4eRREq8lhJZssf9yHMj.YCOKKN0aSLDFgKS.kwG61jYUYj1TsHbgZUyWMoL7HdRrnnQARI_Mb_V7Y6YNGmXKlALsXCTwaX81XHL6iBakmMQJPizb3fCiggclBfcPW2FUnqeTh4izxpRdK_2rHn8YJUCtGNpxa1_8zRm2PW0mmRCJdj4dy4Hoi8U8T_gAFgL1btQgc._qMU_5snaQoNWID3BCK81WKtxm.MA5PDSchDm46FvfJCov3KGIyovQusFUYUv4e8OHNnHxNVNs65zrufGwUZtETQLrc85gHi0sx9GjMfmAfhDOIJKcdg7n4KVKRgTIZordHx5N5Oo6yIJvnit6SXmory7WfFkZT9tAGq3_v5HfSeAcGq0cd6JZyac0V1jhEyxwHYxw9mc2mvvA5NeiIunFchmSDj2_G0zDB5kbVIrtRf9Ep16W0F.HorhVhOhmy7NDXos7ZyVkK2Mai4p0xtjXsyOMbQEfAIVsxI0JxLqbSSi25JVL1sR.6fiJr_wIeLGjn.DH8SBBSf2iH4pD35wGn1iRByVDKX2nVISqvT8D5Bxx6MOtAC84nTAdqV931leeRlu73y.aehqS_KFE267glrkXqa_vX0rqy8LpLo7Tm8XKmdP.huOuq8Wzf7qj2uRoCOIlHc7pVQXkgTHgAtWkuxmJGiYKGd29tAjj842nCSRnzpURsOz6Qhnmd8YTeH6.jwzia7MWWQ_YZqB1kKSuGW7aEC5hdhdPjDMU6GjC19KxBhpIl4DOp5bMLPlr3_Wn7isvjZsOjN_GXsXmHppgaiG0pfT4M1xbCuFOQykzk5mogyhusBYw43cX0dsSPYQGc4gXUP0IP4mcRIuumspMJD5HM88lChLvrsmfPd1MX_VCOgymJkARmY1cXS.J7w9fopT18KG4EaedAlP3HTmiwaZxyf0Qohpj2cSe0ZXv2pl50NSGbSaf.T9UCwTrsFgV4XfOxCiTaDimBV4G7EGfuUTigNtFOJJzPF2M_BL2jySOD9BuH1XO6SPG2cQBRD_uvom6Qu4zMppI1g7.kXSK4DOJgsFshLVuVnpqiFEBPn.dwhg8H6ElsiH83A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91733ad50f4a9fa3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=psychographic%20factors&__cf_chl_rt_tk=hI4kqxMKpBk.ZFaAahiYkbcY1LBM.t7pCp2ui.9Ra1o-1740439683-1.0.1.1-.UMA7gup4kEwk5Y7D1ckm8OFSldDLgyWzhdfjmC3RQk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>