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IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-RENÉ-LÉONIDAS D’ – Dictionary of Canadian Biography

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="js cssanimations"> <!-- vim: set ts=2 sw=2 expandtab : --> <!-- debug jtk 2020-11 a, bio --> <head> <!-- 172.105.29.39 Element 010 comment#ip --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="1410A94B8EF57EB5E09DF8429A48077F" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=65b0432b92c73d001906c92a&product=inline-share-buttons" async="async"></script> <!-- insert#seo-tags insert#author-tags 0 Element 011 012 --> <meta property="og:title" content="IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-RENÉ-LÉONIDAS D’ – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:type-check" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" 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To return to regular mode, click on &quot;Exit reader mode&quot; at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end standard tools menu --> </div><!-- #tools --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> </div><!-- #col-search --> </div><!-- #row-logo --> </div><!-- #row-top-section --> <!-- END Header content --> <!-- Element 111 112 113 --> <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!-- Element 114 115 --> <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump"> <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 --> <p><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="jump-first-paragraph" alt="Click here to go directly to the biography text">Jump to the biography</a></p> <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 --> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 --> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 --> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/bio/irumberry_de_salaberry_charles_rene_leonidas_d_11F.html" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a> </div> </div> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <!-- sidebar-inner --> <!-- nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page. --> <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format format parameter may be all, start, end, li Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. 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Macdonald">Sir John A. Macdonald</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Related Topics">Related Topics</a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1435" title="Métis resistance (1869–1870)">Métis resistance (1869–1870)</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="">Related Biographies</a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/macdonald_john_alexander_12E.html" title="MACDONALD, Sir JOHN ALEXANDER">MACDONALD, Sir JOHN ALEXANDER</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/riel_louis_1844_85_11E.html" title="RIEL, LOUIS (1844-85)">RIEL, LOUIS (1844-85)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/smith_donald_alexander_14E.html" title="SMITH, DONALD ALEXANDER, 1st Baron STRATHCONA and MOUNT ROYAL">SMITH, DONALD ALEXANDER, 1st Baron STRATHCONA and MOUNT ROYAL</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/tache_alexandre_antonin_12E.html" title="TACHÉ, ALEXANDRE-ANTONIN">TACHÉ, ALEXANDRE-ANTONIN</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/thibault_jean_baptiste_10E.html" title="THIBAULT (Thibaud, Thebo), JEAN-BAPTISTE">THIBAULT (Thibaud, Thebo), JEAN-BAPTISTE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/cartier_george_etienne_10E.html" title="CARTIER, Sir GEORGE-ÉTIENNE">CARTIER, Sir GEORGE-ÉTIENNE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/dawson_simon_james_13E.html" title="DAWSON, SIMON JAMES (baptized James Simon)">DAWSON, SIMON JAMES (baptized James Simon)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/bio/doyle_charles_hastings_11E.html" title="DOYLE, Sir CHARLES HASTINGS">DOYLE, Sir CHARLES HASTINGS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-command show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show more items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">more</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/gladman_george_9E.html" title="GLADMAN, GEORGE">GLADMAN, GEORGE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/hardisty_richard_charles_11E.html" title="HARDISTY, RICHARD CHARLES">HARDISTY, RICHARD CHARLES</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/hind_henry_youle_13E.html" title="HIND, HENRY YOULE">HIND, HENRY YOULE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/howe_joseph_10E.html" title="HOWE, JOSEPH">HOWE, JOSEPH</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/irumberry_de_salaberry_charles_michel_d_6E.html" title="IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-MICHEL D’">IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-MICHEL D’</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13E.html" title="RITCHOT, NOËL-JOSEPH (baptized Joseph-Noël)">RITCHOT, NOËL-JOSEPH (baptized Joseph-Noël)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/hamel_theophile_9E.html" title="HAMEL, THÉOPHILE (baptized François-Xavier)">HAMEL, THÉOPHILE (baptized François-Xavier)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/en/bio/suzor_louis_timothee_9E.html" title="SUZOR, LOUIS-TIMOTHÉE">SUZOR, LOUIS-TIMOTHÉE</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Show fewer items" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">Less</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav THEMES --> <!-- nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="View the previous version of this text">Publication History</a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><div title="Published:: 1982">Published: 1982</div></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- nav metadata --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 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style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Birth">Region of Birth</a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Region of Activities">Region of Activities</a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&amp;term1=21&amp;term2=121&amp;term3=392" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Manitoba">North America &ndash; Canada &ndash; Manitoba</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&amp;term1=21&amp;term2=121&amp;term3=397&amp;term4=496" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Ontario -- North">North America &ndash; Canada &ndash; Ontario &ndash; North</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/browse.php?type=career&amp;term1=21&amp;term2=121&amp;term3=399&amp;term4=492" title="Place -- North America -- Canada -- Quebec -- Montréal/Outaouais">North America &ndash; Canada &ndash; Quebec &ndash; Montréal/Outaouais</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav metadata --> <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- nav RED --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/new_biographies.html" title="New Biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">New Biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/updated_biographies.html" title="Minor Corrections" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Minor Corrections</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Read the story of a subject who died or was born on this day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biography of the Day</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/botd.php"> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--feed-item-sidebar--> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/en/bio_of_the_day.html" class="see-all" title="See all previous entries for Biography of the Day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">See previous</a></strong> </div><!--see-all--> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay --> </li> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Significant themes in Canadian history and guides for educators">Themes, Essays, and Guides</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 --> <ul class="list-group"> <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 --> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_1812.html" title="The War of 1812">The War of 1812</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_first_world_war.html" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_confederation.html" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_femmes.html" title="Women in the DCB/DBC">Women in the DCB/DBC</a></li> <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 --> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="see-all"> <a href="/en/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="See all Themes, Essays, and Guides" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">See complete list</a> </div> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </ul> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav RED--> <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-2"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 --> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /#sidebar --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area"> <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio"> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 0 Element 250 --> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 1 Element 250 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="first" class="bio"> <!-- Element 260 family --> <div style="" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600"> <!-- src#primary_image_href alt#primary_alt title#primary_description element 260 261 262 --> <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/w600.4777.jpg" alt="Original title: [M. Charles Rene Leonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry]. " title="[M. Charles Rene Leonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry]. "></a> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 0 element 263 --> <p>Source: <a href="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3214818" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: [M. Charles Rene Leonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry]. " target="_blank">Library and Archives Canada/MIKAN 3214818</a></p> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 1 element 263 --> </div> </div> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 0 element 270 --> <p id="paragraph_324654" class="FirstParagraph"><strong>IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-RENÉ-LÉONIDAS D’,</strong> militia officer and officeholder; b.&nbsp;27&nbsp;Aug. 1820 in Chambly, Lower Canada, the third son of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles-Michel <a href="/en/bio/irumberry_de_salaberry_charles_michel_d_6E.html" hreflang="en">d’Irumberry*</a> de Salaberry, hero of the battle of Châteauguay, and Marie-Anne-Julie Hertel de Rouville; m.&nbsp;first 30&nbsp;Jan. 1849 Marie-Victorine-Cordélia Franchère (d.&nbsp;1855), and they had three children; m.&nbsp;secondly 1&nbsp;Sept. 1869 Louise-Joséphine Allard (d.&nbsp;1877), and they had four children; m.&nbsp;thirdly 3&nbsp;Nov. 1880 Marie-Louise Baby; d.&nbsp;25&nbsp;March 1882 at L’Assomption, Que.</p> <p id="paragraph_39238" class="NormalParagraph">The ancestry and marriages of Charles-René-Léonidas d’Irumberry de Salaberry go far to explain his character and career. He grew up in a family accustomed to private means and public service. As a younger son he was perhaps more than usually dependent on public employment to which he and his friends came to feel he was reasonably entitled. His background may explain his lack of professional training: contrary to statements often made, there is no evidence that he was an engineer or even a land surveyor. He belonged to the class, already disappearing by the mid 19th century, whose members might expect to live on their name.</p> <p id="paragraph_39239" class="NormalParagraph">In 1852 he was a lieutenant-colonel in the 2nd Battalion of the Rouville militia. He served with the same rank in the Voltigeurs de Québec, his commission being signed in 1862 at the height of the <em>Trent</em> affair [<em>see</em> Sir&nbsp;Charles Hastings <a href="/en/bio/doyle_charles_hastings_11E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Doyle</span></a>]. Salaberry then attended the School of Military Instruction of Quebec, established as part of a programme to improve the militia of Canada, especially as a result of the pressures leading to the American Civil War; he received a 1st class certificate in 1865. In becoming a qualified militia officer, Salaberry had continued the military traditions of his famous father and also of his mother’s family. What other employment he may have had in the 1850s and 1860s, and what means he used to support his family, are not known. He was, however, briefly in the public service.</p> <p id="paragraph_324655" class="NormalParagraph">In 1857 Salaberry was appointed to the hastily organized Canadian exploration expedition, led by George <a href="/en/bio/gladman_george_9E.html" hreflang="en">Gladman*</a> and including Simon James <a href="/en/bio/dawson_simon_james_13E.html" hreflang="en">Dawson*</a> and Henry Youle <a href="/en/bio/hind_henry_youle_13E.html" hreflang="en">Hind*</a>, charged with exploring the route between Fort William (Thunder Bay, Ont.) and the Red River Settlement (Man.), and providing detailed information for the Canadian government on the feasibility of using this route. Salaberry and G.-F.&nbsp;Gaudet, the only French Canadians appointed to the expedition, were listed as “assistants under the charge” of Dawson, but were paid only 7<em>s</em>.&nbsp;6<em>d</em>.&nbsp;a day, the wages of chainmen and less than the assistants of Gladman and Hind received. There was clearly mismanagement of some sort, especially as Gaudet had some professional training as an engineer, and they protested. It may well be that the two French Canadians were a belated appointment.</p> <p id="paragraph_39241" class="NormalParagraph">At Red River in 1857 Salaberry’s name and language made him useful in hiring French-speaking members of the community and in buying supplies from them for the survey of the route from Upper Fort Garry (Winnipeg) to the Lake of the Woods. Moreover, veterans of the War of 1812 who lived in Red River, remembering his father, sought his aid in applying for pensions in recognition of their service. Late that fall Salaberry went to Toronto with other members of the expedition, and he returned to Red River ahead of the main party for the expedition of 1858 led by Dawson and Hind. That summer he worked under Dawson’s direction and was commended for his skill in encouraging the boatmen during the exploration on the Saskatchewan and Assiniboine rivers. A third expedition in 1859 did not materialize.</p> <p id="paragraph_324656" class="NormalParagraph">Salaberry then dropped out of public view, apparently living by private means. In February 1868 a petition prepared by friends was submitted to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec requesting an appointment for him. No action was taken that year but in July&nbsp;1869 he was appointed superintendent of woods and forests in the district of Montreal.</p> <p id="paragraph_324657" class="NormalParagraph">In the fall of 1869, however, the Red River rebellion broke out under the leadership of Louis <a href="/en/bio/riel_louis_1844_85_11E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Riel</span></a>. The federal government, seeking to reassure the people of Red River of its good intentions, decided in December to dispatch emissaries. It appointed Abbé Jean-Baptiste <a href="/en/bio/thibault_jean_baptiste_10E.html" hreflang="en">Thibault*</a>, who had served in the northwest for 35&nbsp;years, and Salaberry, who was probably chosen on the recommendation of Sir&nbsp;George-Étienne <a href="/en/bio/cartier_george_etienne_10E.html" hreflang="en">Cartier*</a> because of his experience in the northwest in 1857 and 1858.</p> <p id="paragraph_324658" class="NormalParagraph">On Christmas Eve 1869 Salaberry arrived in Pembina (N.&nbsp;Dak.) with Thibault, who continued on alone to the Red River Settlement where he was kept under surveillance by Riel’s men at Bishop Alexandre-Antonin <a href="/en/bio/tache_alexandre_antonin_12E.html" hreflang="en">Taché*</a>’s palace in St&nbsp;Boniface. Early in January Salaberry joined his colleague and they appeared before the Métis council of the provisional government. Riel, who had insisted upon seeing their instructions, declared that these did not empower Thibault and Salaberry to negotiate on behalf of Canada and politely dismissed them. The two commissioners had not succeeded in persuading the inhabitants of Red River to stop resisting the Canadian government but they did manage to soothe the feeling in St&nbsp;Boniface.</p> <p id="paragraph_39245" class="NormalParagraph">Donald Alexander <a href="/en/bio/smith_donald_alexander_14E.html" hreflang="en">Smith*</a>, a commissioner appointed by Sir&nbsp;John A.&nbsp;<a href="/en/bio/macdonald_john_alexander_12E.html" hreflang="en">Macdonald*</a> after Thibault and Salaberry had been selected, had arrived in the Red River Settlement with Richard Charles <a href="/en/bio/hardisty_richard_charles_11E.html" hreflang="en"><span class="SmallCaps">Hardisty</span></a> on 27&nbsp;December. It was evident on 19&nbsp;January, the first day of a two-day convention held at Upper Fort Garry, that Smith had succeeded in weakening support for Riel among the people of Red River by using the influence and funds of the Hudson’s Bay Company. However, the next day the convention decided, on Riel’s suggestion, that a council of the settlement be elected to prepare terms for their own delegates to take with them to Canada. Smith had wanted to negotiate a settlement himself and blamed this setback on Thibault, whom he accused of helping rally Riel’s supporters. It is to be presumed that Salaberry concurred with the sending of delegates, for when questioned by the meeting he firmly assured those present that the Canadian government would pay the expenses of these delegates to Ottawa. This was Salaberry’s sole contribution to the proceedings at Red River; his other activity during his three-month sojourn at St&nbsp;Boniface was to organize and train a boys’ band.</p> <p id="paragraph_324659" class="NormalParagraph">On 24&nbsp;March 1870 Salaberry left Red River with Joseph-Noël <a href="/en/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13E.html" hreflang="en">Ritchot*</a>, one of the provisional government’s delegates, for Ottawa, where he introduced him to Cartier and Joseph <a href="/en/bio/howe_joseph_10E.html" hreflang="en">Howe*</a>, the secretary of state for the provinces. Salaberry later returned to Quebec and resumed his duties as superintendent of woods and forests in the Montreal district. He retained the post until his death in&nbsp;1882.</p> <p class="AuthorParagraph"><a href="/en/contrib/11"><span class="SmallCaps">W.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Morton</span></a></p> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 1 element 270 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="second" class="biblio"> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 0 280 --> <p id="paragraph_324660" class="BibliographyFirstParagraph">PAC, MG&nbsp;24, G45, 5: 1468–72; 9: 2023; MG&nbsp;27, I, C6, Le&nbsp;Moine to Salaberry, 19&nbsp;Dec. 1869. PAM, HBCA, D.5/44, 9&nbsp;Sept. 1857; D.5/46, 21&nbsp;Jan. 1858. Begg, <em>Red River journal</em> (Morton). Can., Prov. of, Legislative Assembly, <em>App</em>. <em>to the journals</em>, 1858, II: app.3; 1859, IV: app.36. <em>Manitoba: the birth of a province</em>, ed. W.&nbsp;L. Morton (Altona, Man., 1965). P.-G.&nbsp;Roy, <em>La&nbsp;famille d’Irumberry de Salaberry</em> (Lévis, Qué., 1905). Stanley, <em>Louis</em>&nbsp;<em>Riel</em>.</p> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 1 280 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 0 element 290 --> <div id="general_biblio" class="col-xs-12 GeneralBibliography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/biblio/11" onclick="return true;" title="General Bibliography">General Bibliography</a></div> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 1 --> <!-- insert#copyright 0 element 300 --> <div id="copyright" class="col-xs-12 CopyrightBiography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/en/notices.php" onclick="return true;" title="&copy;&nbsp;1982&ndash;2025&nbsp;University of Toronto/Université Laval">&copy;&nbsp;1982&ndash;2025&nbsp;University of Toronto/Université Laval</a></div> <!-- insert#copyright 0 --> </section> <!--END BIBLIOGRAPHY--> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div> <!-- .row --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Image Gallery</h2> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles startControl --> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- LIGHTBOX CAPTIONS --> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 0 element 310 --> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption1" style="display:none"> <h4>[M. Charles Rene Leonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry]. </h4> <p>Source: <a href="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3214818" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: [M. Charles Rene Leonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry]. " target="_blank">Library and Archives Canada/MIKAN 3214818</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption2" style="display:none"> <h4> Description Deutsch: Der kanadische Offizier Charles-René-Léonidas d’Irumberry de Salaberry (1820-1882). English: Charles-René-Léonidas d’Irumberry de Salaberry, 1885. Online at the Glenbow Archives, NA-826-9 Date 27 March 2005 (original upload date) Source Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. Author Original uploader was Fawcett5 at en.wikipedia Permission (Reusing this file) PD-US. </h4> <p>Source: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CharlesRLdIdeSalaberry.jpg" onclick="return true;" title="Original title: Description Deutsch: Der kanadische Offizier Charles-René-Léonidas d’Irumberry de Salaberry (1820-1882). English: Charles-René-Léonidas d’Irumberry de Salaberry, 1885. Online at the Glenbow Archives, NA-826-9 Date 27 March 2005 (original upload date) Source Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. Author Original uploader was Fawcett5 at en.wikipedia Permission (Reusing this file) PD-US. " target="_blank">Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons</a></p> </div> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 1 element 310 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- LIGHTBOX DATA --> <!--CAPTIONS METHODS--> <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row"> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 0 element 311 --> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4777.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption1"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4777.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4778.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption2"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4778.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 1 element 311 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> </div><!-- demo-gallery --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles endControl --> </div> </div><!-- .row --> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12"> <!-- insert#bio-citation 0 Element 320 --> <!-- START bbb ContentCitation --> <h3>Cite This Article</h3><p>W.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Morton, &ldquo;IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-RENÉ-LÉONIDAS D’,&rdquo; in <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 11, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003&ndash;, accessed <span class="today-mdy">February 15, 2025</span>, <span class="permalink-small">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/irumberry_de_salaberry_charles_rene_leonidas_d_11E.html</span>. <h4> The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the <em>Chicago manual of style</em> (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:</h4> <br /> <table cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Permalink:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> <span class="permalink-small">https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/irumberry_de_salaberry_charles_rene_leonidas_d_11E.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Author of Article:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> W.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Morton</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Title of Article:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-RENÉ-LÉONIDAS D’</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publication Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> <em>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</em>, vol. 11</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Publisher:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> University of Toronto/Université Laval</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of publication:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> 1982</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Year of revision:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> 1982</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Access Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> <span class="today-mdy">February 15, 2025</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </p> <!-- END ContentCitation --> <!-- insert#bio-citation 1 Element 320 --> </div> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--END bottom-content --> </div><!-- /#content-area --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </div> <!-- row->mainrow --> <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Return to Top of Page"></a> </div><!-- /#bootstrap-wrapper --> <!-- insert#footer 0 Element 400 --> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www2.ulaval.ca/en/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"></a> </div> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" 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"https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-25429501-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch (err) { } </script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async="None" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HJG3WCKTF7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-HJG3WCKTF7'); </script> <script charset="utf-8" src="/js/button.js"></script> <!-- <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> --> <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <!-- todo update facebook code --> <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content 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.4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#1d3c78;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style> <!-- SHARE THIS--> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.js" integrity="sha512-YQH3AWzoNd5UBgAzelMJ0L74JzsE1RfD7zrTDfveB5Xm5j9PBCU+Q2tD4RavX2iVVAt4iJ/gi1mSRCbX/X55pw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/email.min.js" integrity="sha512-4+h27jVJhdlqWwk0hvKQX2Ow5TYcyRWaYwj5hhDem63JbmslVJHqJu29zQN/ZRM/Dbg4qi9nbbx6wRwmf/S2Yw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/facebook.min.js" integrity="sha512-Wh1ZDYa/KLkn2iK8a0D4FoZSqXbw1bRFCPjVs490MpcMFs1zHtMQMpqBVAqheGpRFLcGEMy/jnFmFx+6rbGJzw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/twitter.min.js" integrity="sha512-p0d6Rkeb1XLqCBlKVz7aF+UQNu4tGmAxT5NjJPYasGU8KmXvL8iEd8j/cvuJbqYK3HnVJqmf4ulWZvLx+2a4Fw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- insert#share-this-link 0 element 044 (moved from header) --> <!-- insert#share-this-link 1 element 044 (moved from header) --> <!-- src#page_script_src, page-specific script. Element 031 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/bio.js?time=1729526930"></script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 0 Element 041 (moved from header to here) --> <script type="text/javascript"> var m_languageId = '1'; var m_title = "IRUMBERRY DE SALABERRY, CHARLES-REN\u00c9-L\u00c9ONIDAS D\u2019"; var m_url_pch = 'http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266037002102/1265993639778'; var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/'; var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/'; var m_loggedIn = ''; // BasePublicHelper variables var m_pageId = 'public_bio-5603-34778'; var m_pageIdIsUnique = '1'; // BioHelper variables var m_biography_id = '5603'; var m_revision_id = '34778'; var m_volume_id = '11'; var m_volume_name = 'Volume XI (1881-1890)'; var m_publicationYear = '1982'; var m_revisionYear = '1982'; var m_print = false; $(document).ready(function() { // here:getJavascriptOnReady renderBreadcrumbs(); }); </script> <!-- #insert#page-scripts 1 Element 041 --> <script> var affixSettings = { offset: { top: 100, bottom: function() { return (this.bottom = $('.footer').outerHeight(true)) } } }; $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings); </script> <!--LIGHT GALLERY --> <script src="/js/prettify.js"></script> <!-- replaced <script src="/js/picturefill.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> recent <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/3.0.3/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-Nh/FthCqOFq56kGp1DsNb6GKK29iIv2ZJc7Fylln1WRrWpeE5LjSBWeAp61dkBASDxZT12aL9mZyIrhsAqgRpw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- missing jtk-2020-01-a <script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script> --> <script src="/js/transition.js"></script> <!-- if link is replace locally on update. restore it to: with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-fullscreen.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- replace <script src="/js/lg-autoplay.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 --> <!-- insert#header-post-js 1 Element 043 --> <!-- replace <script src="/js/demos.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script> with nothing but if it turns out to be required with --> <!--BACK TO TOP --> <!-- <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span><?=$reader_caption?></div> --> <!-- Element 510 --> <div id="reader-mode-exit"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit">Exit reader mode</button></div> <!--AFFIX--> </body> </html>

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