Project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to Pacific

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aria-label="breadcrumbs" class="rank-math-breadcrumb"><p><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com">Cosmos</a><span class="separator"> » </span><a href="/health/">Health</a></p></nav> <section class="article-container cols-4 md-cols-1 cols-gap-1 padding-bottom-4"> <article class="col col-span-3 post-301585 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health category-nature category-news"> <header class="rows rows-gap"> <h1 class="entry-title row">Project which ‘eliminates’ dengue extended to 3 more Pacific island nations</h1> <div class="row primary-image has-featured-image " data-featured-image="Vanuatu_20180724_36.jpg"> <img width="1200" height="769" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDc2OSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNzY5IiBkYXRhLXU9IiUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyNCUyRjA0JTJGVmFudWF0dV8yMDE4MDcyNF8zNi5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTIwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI3NjkiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" class="feature-image wp caption" alt="Dengue" decoding="async" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" /><noscript data-spai="1"><img width="1200" height="769" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Vanuatu_20180724_36.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" class="feature-image wp caption" alt="Dengue" decoding="async" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Vanuatu_20180724_36.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Vanuatu_20180724_36-600x385.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Vanuatu_20180724_36-768x492.jpg 768w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Vanuatu_20180724_36-300x192.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript> <div class="caption feature">In Vanuatu, a World Mosquito Program field worker engages with a community volunteer, detailing the process of capturing mosquitoes for monitoring Wolbachia levels in the local mosquito population. (Image: WMP)</div> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content cols-6 md-cols-1 cols-gap-1 margin-top-1"> <div class="content-left-sidebar cols-1 col"> <section class="contributors md-cols-1 rows-gap"> <div class="row post-date"> <span class="published-date">April 8, 2024</span> </div> <div class="author row"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA0MDAgNDAwIiB3aWR0aD0iNDAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQwMCIgZGF0YS11PSJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRmNvc21vc21hZ2F6aW5lLmNvbSUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ0aGVtZXMlMkZjb3Ntb3MlMkZkaXN0JTJGaW1hZ2VzJTJGcGxhY2Vob2xkZXItY29udHJpYnV0b3Iuc3ZnJTNGdiUzRGFkNGJkYjZlIiBkYXRhLXc9IjQwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI0MDAiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="Cosmos Magazine" width="200" height="200" class="md-hide" /><noscript data-spai="1"><img src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/ret_img/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/themes/cosmos/dist/images/placeholder-contributor.svg?v=ad4bdb6e" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Cosmos Magazine" width="200" height="200" class="md-hide" /></noscript> <div class="bio"> <h3 class="md-hide">Cosmos</h3> <p class="md-hide">Cosmos is a quarterly science magazine. We aim to inspire curiosity in ‘The Science of Everything’ and make the world of science accessible to everyone.</p> <h3 id="author-name" class="hide">By Cosmos</h3> </div> </div> <div class="favourite__wrapper row cols"> <button class="showDialog simplefavorite-button" aria-label="Favourite button"> </button> </div> </section> </div> <div class="primary-content cols-1 col-span-5 col"> <div class="flexible-content "> <div class="copy"> <p>An Australian project which “all but eliminated dengue fever” in Far North Queensland has been successfully extended to Fiji, Kiribati and Vanuatu.</p> <p>The program uses a naturally occurring bacteria called <em>Wolbachia</em> that modifies the ability of mosquitoes to carry the dengue virus. If the mosquitoes can’t carry the dengue virus, then they can’t transmit it between susceptible humans.</p> <p><em>Wolbachia</em>-carrying mosquitoes were released in the three Pacific Island states over the past few years and the <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0012022" target="_blank" rel="noopener">latest research shows</a> they have come to dominate the local mozzie population. It’s a step towards eliminating dengue, and while initial public health assessments suggest that the incidence of outbreaks has reduced, longer term monitoring is needed to demonstrate the positive outcome.</p> <p>The project is run by the World Mosquito Program (WMP),  a not for profit operated by Monash University in Melbourne.</p> <p>Dengue fever or dengue virus infection is an illness with symptoms that are like a bad case of the flu.  It’s caused by a <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mosquito-borne-diseases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">virus carried by mosquitoes</a>. These mosquitoes are mainly found in: Asia, Africa and South America.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="650" height="488" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA2NTAgNDg4IiB3aWR0aD0iNjUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ4OCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwNCUyRjIwMTlfRmlqaV9jb21tdW5pdHktZW5nYWdlbWVudC5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iNjUwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjQ4OCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="2019 fiji community engagement" class="wp-image-301608" style="aspect-ratio:1.3319672131147542;width:397px;height:auto" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 1"><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" width="650" height="488" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2019_Fiji_community-engagement.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="2019 fiji community engagement" class="wp-image-301608" style="aspect-ratio:1.3319672131147542;width:397px;height:auto" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2019_Fiji_community-engagement.jpg 650w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2019_Fiji_community-engagement-600x450.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2019_Fiji_community-engagement-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 1"></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>World Mosquito Program staff raise aw</em>areness <em>of WMP’s Wolbachia method in Fiji.<br />(Image: WMP)</em><br /> </figcaption></figure></div> <p>The dengue-free mosquitoes were bred with the <em>Wolbachia</em> bacteria, says Cameron Simmons, an infectious disease scientist at Monash University and WMP’s Director of Global Implementation. The bacteria is passed on from generation to generation.</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i0p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <div class="in-content-area related-box-wrapper content-third content-right margin-bottom-1"> <div class="gradient-title">Read More</div> <ul class="related-box article-listing"> <li class="cols"> <div class="article article-post my-cosmos"> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/bacteria-vs-virus-death-of-dengue/" class="thumbnail ar-16-9" aria-label="Article link"> <span data-spai-bg-on="1" class="image" style="background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA4MDAgNTMzIiB3aWR0aD0iODAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzMyIgZGF0YS11PSJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRmNvc21vc21hZ2F6aW5lLmNvbSUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyMyUyRjA2JTJGR2V0dHlJbWFnZXMtODQwNjA0NTE4LmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSI4MDAiIGRhdGEtaD0iNTMzIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=)"></span> </a> <div class="article-content has-my-cosmos-very-light-background-color"> <a href="/science/biology/"> <span class="category science-color"> Biology </span> </a> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/bacteria-vs-virus-death-of-dengue/"> <h3>Bacteria vs virus: the battle to defeat dengue</h3> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <p>“It is not like an infectious disease among mosquitoes,” Simmons told <em>Cosmos</em>. “It doesn’t spread horizontally between mosquitoes like a sexually transmitted disease. <em>Wolbachia</em> very cleverly manipulates reproductive outcomes, so that over time, <em>Wolbachia</em>-carrying mosquitoes replace the local wild type population.</p> <p>“<em>Wolbachia</em> is a bacteria that only lives inside the cells of insects. It can’t survive outside and can’t infect mammals or anything else.</p> <p>“We transferred that into the <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito, which doesn’t naturally carry <em>Wolbachia</em>, and what we discovered was that the mosquito is much more resistant to being infected with dengue virus or chikungunya virus or a Zika virus.”</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <div class="embed-wrapper"><div class="inner"><iframe title="World Mosquito Program - Releasing Hope" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WpFzqyx8I1M?start=13&feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div></div> </div></figure> <p>Dengue fever is particularly dangerous for babies and children. In 2022 in Timor Leste there was a deadly outbreak that resulted in more than <a href="https://mafint.org/news/2022-dengue-fever-outbreak-timor-leste" target="_blank" rel="noopener">50 deaths</a> from 4787 cases. Nearly <a href="https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ep-2022-000162-tmp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">90% of the victims were under 14.</a></p> <p>“Most of the deaths in Southeast Asia occur in kids, well, children and young adults,” says Simmons.</p> <a href="https://link.cosmosmagazine.com/OP59" class="newsletter-cta" data-device="mobile"> <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAzMDAgMjUwIiB3aWR0aD0iMzAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI1MCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwMyUyRldlZWtseS1DYXRjaHVwLTMwMHgyNTAtMS5wbmciIGRhdGEtdz0iMzAwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjI1MCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Newsletter" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 2"><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Weekly-Catchup-300x250-1.png" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Newsletter" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 2"></noscript> </a><div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i1p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <p>“Most adults in the regions can get multiple infections and build immunity over time. I’ve had a couple of exposures. By the time you’re about 25 each of those exposures generates immunity and you become immune for life to the four dengue virus types.”</p> <p>WMP developed the novel approach – to infect the mosquito population with <em>Wolbachia</em> – over the past decade and has completed small and large scale deployments in 14  countries in the Pacific, South East Asia and South America, including Laos, Indonesia, New Caledonia, <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/bacteria-vs-virus-death-of-dengue/">Colombia</a>, and Sri Lanka.</p> <p>Simmons says results in the city of Medellin in Colombia were “spectacular,” and in Yogjakarta, in Indonesia, the local government is spreading the project statewide after a “very successful” trial which reduced the incidence of dengue by more than 80%.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/bacteria-vs-virus-death-of-dengue/">Read more: The battle to defeat dengue in South America</a></h3> <p>The project releases about 2 to 4 <em>Wolbachia</em> infected mosquitoes for each member of the population, each week for about 5 months. It requires significant local community input. And funding.</p> <p>The Indopacific Centre for Health Security <a href="https://indopacifichealthsecurity.dfat.gov.au/investments/world-mosquito-program#:~:text=DFAT%20supports%20the%20World%20Mosquito,(Sri%20Lanka%2C%20Indonesia)." target="_blank" rel="noopener">wesbsite</a> says DFAT supports the <a href="https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Mosquito Program</a> (WMP) to trial the use of <em>Wolbachia </em>bacteria to reduce the transmission of the dengue virus, as well as other arboviruses including Zika and chikungunya, in several countries in the Pacific (Fiji, Kiribati, and Vanuatu) and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, Indonesia). </p> <div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i2p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <p>“In addition to DFAT, WMP is supported by a range of government, corporate, and philanthropic donors, notably the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust which in August 2018 awarded WMP A$50 million,” the website reports.</p> <p>“We can’t do it for free,” says Simmons. “We need donor support to make it work. We don’t expect low-income countries to pay.”</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="650" height="531" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA2NTAgNTMxIiB3aWR0aD0iNjUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzMSIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwNCUyRjIwMThfS2lyaWJhdGlfV01QLXN0YWZmLXJlbGVhc2UtdGhlLWZpcnN0LW1vc3F1aXRvZXMtaW4tQmV0aW9fV01QLXBob3RvZ3JhcGh5LTEuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjY1MCIgZGF0YS1oPSI1MzEiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="2018 kiribati wmp staff release the first mosquitoes in betio wmp photography 1" class="wp-image-301609" style="aspect-ratio:1.2241054613935969;width:318px;height:auto" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 3"><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" width="650" height="531" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2018_Kiribati_WMP-staff-release-the-first-mosquitoes-in-Betio_WMP-photography-1.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="2018 kiribati wmp staff release the first mosquitoes in betio wmp photography 1" class="wp-image-301609" style="aspect-ratio:1.2241054613935969;width:318px;height:auto" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2018_Kiribati_WMP-staff-release-the-first-mosquitoes-in-Betio_WMP-photography-1.jpg 650w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2018_Kiribati_WMP-staff-release-the-first-mosquitoes-in-Betio_WMP-photography-1-600x490.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2018_Kiribati_WMP-staff-release-the-first-mosquitoes-in-Betio_WMP-photography-1-300x245.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 3"></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>A World Mosquito Program staff releases the first Wolbachia mosquitoes in Betio, Kiribati in 2018.<br />(Credit: WMP)</em></figcaption></figure></div> <p>WMP held talks with the Port Moresby Council in Papua New Guinea, but they didn’t progress when it was decided other health issues were more pressing.</p> <p>Simmons says a big step towards more eradication efforts will come when the United Nations health system accepts the process.</p> <p>“The World Health Organisation is working on what’s called a ‘recommendation,’ which is a sort of formal position from WHO on the method to member countries,” he says.” So the intention that the development banks and UN agencies would then be able to support the intervention.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i3p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; padding: 20px;"><a href="https://link.cosmosmagazine.com/JP4Y"><p align="center"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-198773" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA2MDAgMTU0IiB3aWR0aD0iNjAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE1NCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjIlMkYwNyUyRm5ld3NsZXR0ZXItMDF1bHRyYW1hcmluZS1oZWFkZXIuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjYwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSIxNTQiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="Subscribe to ultramarine from riaus" width="600" height="154" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 4"><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-198773" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/newsletter-01ultramarine-header.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Subscribe to ultramarine from riaus" width="600" height="154" title="project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to 3 more pacific island nations 4"></noscript></p></a><p style="font-style: italic;">Do you care about the oceans? 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Project which 'eliminates' dengue extended to Pacific