Promoting Mental Health: The Work of the International Council of Nurses | Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services

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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/jpn/%7B660f5d09-d09e-40f4-8c2a-2f62372a6859%7D/mental-health-nursing-local-and-global">Mental Health Nursing: Local and Global</a></li></ul></div> <input name="layout_0$maincontent_0$seeAlsoInsertUnderParagraph" type="hidden" id="layout_0_maincontent_0_seeAlsoInsertUnderParagraph" value="1"/> <div class="journals-content"><div class="journal-tab-group"><ul class="journal-tabs"><li><a href="/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/journals/jpn">Current Issue</a></li><li><a href="/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/journals/jpn/m/oar">Online Advanced Release</a></li><li><a href="/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/journals/jpn/m/past-issues">Past Issues</a></li></ul><div class="journal-panes"><div class="abstract-content"><p class="kicker-top">Guest Editorial </p><h2><a href="#">Promoting Mental Health: The Work of the International Council of Nurses</a></h2><p class="authors">Yukiko Kusano, RN, MPH</p><div class="journal-info"><ul class="full-text"><li class="header">Read Full Text Article</li><li class="html"><a class="active" title="View Html Version" alt="View Html Version" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/jpn/{d5995687-918f-4019-8eb9-bc537f515768}/promoting-mental-health-the-work-of-the-international-council-of-nurses?fulltext=1">Html Icon</a></li><li class="pdf"><a id="pdf" href="/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/~/media/Journals/JPN/2013/8_August/10_3928_02793695_20130716_01/10_3928_02793695_20130716_01.pdf" class="active" title="View Pdf Version" alt="View Pdf Version" rel="nofollow">Pdf Icon</a></li></ul><ul class="article-citation"><li>Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services</li><li>August 2013 - Volume 51 · Issue 8: 3-4</li><li class="doi">DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20130716-01</li></ul></div><div class="copyrights" style="float:right;"><a onclick="RightsLinkPopUpV2();" href="#"><img alt="Rights and Permissions" title="Rights and Permissions" border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/request-permissions.gif"></img></a><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function RightsLinkPopUpV2() { var location="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=slack&publication=0279-3695&contentID=10.3928/02793695-20130716-01&publicationDate=2013&copyright=Copyright%20%26copy%3B%202013%2C%20Slack%20Inc.&title=Promoting%20Mental%20Health%3A%20The%20Work%20of%20the%20International%20Council%20of%20Nurses&volumeNum=51&issueNum=8&author=Yukiko%20Kusano%2C%20RN%2C%20MPH&orderBeanReset=TRUE"; window.open(location,'RightsLink','location=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=650,height=550'); } </script></div><div class="article-tab-group"><ul class="article-tabs"><li><a id="anchor-tab-article" href="#">Article</a></li><li class="last"><a id="anchor-tab-refs" href="#">References</a></li><li class="cite-link"><a href="#" onclick="showCitation();">Get Citation</a><script type="text/javascript">function showCitation() {var w = window.open('', '', 'width=400,height=400,resizeable,scrollbars');w.document.write('Kusano Y.(2013). Promoting Mental Health: The Work of the International Council of Nurses. <i>J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv.</i> 51(8) 3-4. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20130716-01 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/jpn/{d5995687-918f-4019-8eb9-bc537f515768}/promoting-mental-health-the-work-of-the-international-council-of-nurses">[link]</a>');w.document.close(); }</script></li></ul></div><div id="articleBody"><div class="ftContainer"><div class="ftArticle"><div class="ftAuthorNotes"><p>The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.</p>Address correspondence to Yukiko Kusano, RN, MPH, Consultant, Nursing & Health Policy, International Council of Nurses, 3, Place Jean-Marteau, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; e-mail: kusano@icn.ch.</div><p><i>The International Council of Nurses</i> (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr4">ICN, 2012</a>) <i>Code of Ethics for Nurses</i> states that providing nursing services to people in need is a fundamental responsibility of nurses and that nursing care is unrestricted by illness. ICN deplores the fact that stigma, discrimination, treatment gaps, and lack of access to services continue to exist globally. Recognizing that mental health is a crucial aspect of well-being, ICN urges governments to move toward community-based programs to complement existing services, focused on the promotion of mental health, prevention of mental illness, early intervention, and home-based treatment, care, and rehabilitation (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr2">ICN, 2008</a>).</p><p>Mental health is a matter for everyone, including children. Mental health should be promoted and mental disorders should be prevented and treated like any other health problem. But, despite its fundamental importance to health, mental health has long been neglected, underresourced, and plagued by stigma, which prevents many people from seeking care (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr7">Thornicroft, 2008</a>). Globally, access to mental health services is limited, and in most developing countries, such services are simply not available. Kakuma et al. (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr6">2011</a>) reported a shortage of 1.18 million mental health workers in low- and middle-income countries, of which 54% are nurses. In fact, many countries report a significant shortage of mental health nurses (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr9">World Health Organization [WHO] & ICN, 2007</a>). Difficulties in recruitment and retention are due to a lack of interest in mental health nursing, lack of safety and security in the work environment, and stigma associated with mental illness. Further, in middle- and low-income countries, nurses—who may be the only service provider for people with mental disorders—often have no or little mental health training or support from qualified mental health specialists.</p><p>To combat stigma and discrimination and to transform mental health for all, ICN has identified the following actions for nurses and national nurses associations (NNAs) (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr1">ICN, 2001</a>): <ul><li>Promote mental health and prevent illness.</li><li>Improve access to mental health care services.</li><li>Promote community participation in mental health services planning, operation, and evaluation.</li><li>Influence policy makers and the public to shift from institutional care to primary health care through community-based programs and task-shifting approaches.</li><li>Address educational needs of health personnel in mental health issues.</li></ul></p><p>ICN uses a range of strategies to enhance knowledge transfer, capacity building, and dissemination of evidence for action, lobbying, and advocacy. Through policy, special networks, competencies, advocacy, information generation, dissemination, and education, ICN supports and enhances the nursing position in support of mental health. Singly, and in partnership with NNAs, WHO, and others, ICN has developed a range of resources, including the <i>ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses</i> (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr4">ICN, 2012</a>), a position statement on mental health (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr2">ICN, 2008</a>), WHO-ICN <i>Atlas: Nurses in Mental Health 2007</i> (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr9">WHO & ICN, 2007</a>), an ICN (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr3">2009</a>) monograph on mental health nursing, and fact sheets on <i>Developing Nursing Resources for Mental Health</i> (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr5">ICN & WHO, 2004</a>) and <i>Mental Health: Tackling the Challenges</i> (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr1">ICN, 2001</a>). Other ICN resources on human rights, disaster response, and violence also include mental health issues.</p><p>ICN actions toward universal access to quality mental health services include lobbying WHO at the World Health Assemblies and Executive Board meetings. ICN has called on governments to increase the number of adequately trained nurses in primary health settings through three main actions: (a) to ensure adequate pre- and post-registration education in mental health; (b) to integrate mental health services in community-based primary health care; and (c) to expand the scope of practice of nurses to encompass the authority to assess, identify, and treat common mental health disorders in primary health care settings. ICN is pleased that WHO (<a href="#x02793695-20130716-01-bibr8">2013</a>) has adopted the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, which emphasizes promotion and prevention and addresses children and adolescents, community-based care, and the human rights of those with mental disorders.</p><p>ICN, in partnership with Dialogue on Diabetes and Depression, has been implementing a training program focusing on comorbid management of diabetes and depression as part of the ICN Non-Communicable Disease Initiative. This program has trained more than 200 nurse educators and other health professionals in seven African countries since 2011, and ICN is working with its partners to expand the project to other regions of the world.</p><p>Nurses have a vital role in the promotion of mental well-being, the prevention of mental disorders, and the assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of people affected by mental health problems. As the largest health profession in the world, nurses must seize this opportunity to remove stigma and discrimination, and to open up access to care and services. It is our role and our ethical duty as nurses to care for those with mental illness as we do those with physical illness.</p><p class="ftSignature"><b><i>Yukiko Kusano, RN, MPH</i></b><br></br><i>Consultant</i><br></br><i>Nursing & Health Policy</i><br></br><i>International Council of Nurses</i><br></br><i>Geneva, Switzerland</i></p><div class="ftRefList"><h3>References</h3><ul><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr1"></a><li>International Council of Nurses. (2001). <i>ICN fact sheet—Mental health: Tackling the challenges</i>. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12b_FS-Mental_Health.pdf">http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12b_FS-Mental_Health.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr2"></a><li>International Council of Nurses. (2008). <i>ICN position statement—Mental health</i>. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/position_statements/A09_Mental_Health.pdf">http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/position_statements/A09_Mental_Health.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr3"></a><li>International Council of Nurses. (2009). <i>Mental health nursing: Trends and issues</i>. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.</li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr4"></a><li>International Council of Nurses. (2012). <i>The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses</i>. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/free_publications/Code_of_Ethics_2012.pdf">http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/free_publications/Code_of_Ethics_2012.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr5"></a><li>International Council of Nurses, & World Health Organization. (2004). <i>Nursing matters: Developing nursing resources for mental health</i>. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12a_FS-Nursing_Resources_Mental_Health.pdf">http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12a_FS-Nursing_Resources_Mental_Health.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr6"></a><li> Kakuma, R., Minas, H., van Ginneken, N., Dal Poz, M.R., Desiraju, K., Morris, J.E. & Scheffler, R.M. (2011). Human resources for mental health care: Current situation and strategies for action. <i>Lancet</i>, <i>378</i>, 1654–1663. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61093-3 <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61093-3">[CrossRef]</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr7"></a><li>Thornicroft, G. (2008). Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. <i>Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences</i>, <i>17</i>, 14–19.</li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr8"></a><li>World Health Organization. (2013). <i>Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020</i> (WHA66.8). Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA66/A66_R8-en.pdf">http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA66/A66_R8-en.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr9"></a><li>World Health Organization, & International Council of Nurses. 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(2004). <i>Nursing matters: Developing nursing resources for mental health</i>. Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12a_FS-Nursing_Resources_Mental_Health.pdf">http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/12a_FS-Nursing_Resources_Mental_Health.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr6"></a><li> Kakuma, R., Minas, H., van Ginneken, N., Dal Poz, M.R., Desiraju, K., Morris, J.E. & Scheffler, R.M. (2011). Human resources for mental health care: Current situation and strategies for action. <i>Lancet</i>, <i>378</i>, 1654–1663. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61093-3 <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61093-3">[CrossRef]</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr7"></a><li>Thornicroft, G. (2008). Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. <i>Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences</i>, <i>17</i>, 14–19.</li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr8"></a><li>World Health Organization. (2013). <i>Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020</i> (WHA66.8). Retrieved from <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015145007/http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA66/A66_R8-en.pdf">http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA66/A66_R8-en.pdf</a></li><a name="x02793695-20130716-01-bibr9"></a><li>World Health Organization, & International Council of Nurses. (2007). <i>Atlas: Nurses in mental health 2007</i>. 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Promoting Mental Health: The Work of the International Council of Nurses | Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services