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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Radio-Canada" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Radio-Canada_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Radio-Canada (disambiguation)">Radio-Canada (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style>The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcaster</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It is a <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporation</a> that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units known as CBC and Radio-Canada, respectively. <table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Société Radio-Canada</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CBC_logo.svg/200px-CBC_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CBC_logo.svg/300px-CBC_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CBC_logo.svg/400px-CBC_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="152"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg/220px-CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg/330px-CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg/440px-CBC_Ottawa_Broadcast_Centre_-_06a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2987" data-file-height="3456"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/CBC_Ottawa_Production_Centre" title="CBC Ottawa Production Centre">CBC Headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio_Broadcasting_Commission" title="Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission">Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">November 2, 1936; 88 years ago (1936-11-02) (radio) September 6, 1952; 72 years ago (1952-09-06) (television)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/CBC_Ottawa_Production_Centre" title="CBC Ottawa Production Centre">CBC Ottawa Production Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">National; available on terrestrial and cable systems in northern American border communities; available internationally via Internet, <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> and on TV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Goldbloom" title="Michael Goldbloom">Michael Goldbloom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chair_(officer)" title="Chair (officer)">Chair</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tait" title="Catherine Tait">Catherine Tait</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li> <li>Barbara Williams (<abbr title="executive vice president">EVP</abbr> English Networks)</li> <li>Marco Dubé (<abbr title="executive vice-president">EVP</abbr> French Networks)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC.ca" title="CBC.ca">CBC.ca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-Canada.ca" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio-Canada.ca">Radio-Canada.ca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>515.84 million ($1.907 billion including public funding) (2023) <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> CA$-$127.608 million (2023)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> CA$-125.109 million (2023)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,429 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Corporation overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pascale_St-Onge" title="Pascale St-Onge">Pascale St-Onge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Minister of Canadian Heritage">Minister of Canadian Heritage</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key document</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate">Broadcasting Act</a>, 1991</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/">cbc.radio-canada.ca</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461761#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Although some local stations in Canada predate its founding, the CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a>, and the French-language <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_Musique" title="Ici Musique">Ici Musique</a> (international radio service <a href="/wiki/Radio_Canada_International" title="Radio Canada International">Radio Canada International</a> historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> and the French-language <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a>, along with the satellite/cable networks <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ici_RDI" title="Ici RDI">Ici RDI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ici_Explora" title="Ici Explora">Ici Explora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Documentary_Channel_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentary Channel (Canada)">Documentary Channel</a> (partial ownership), and <a href="/wiki/Ici_ARTV" title="Ici ARTV">Ici ARTV</a>. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names <a href="/wiki/CBC_North" title="CBC North">CBC North</a>, and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including <a href="/wiki/CBC.ca" title="CBC.ca">CBC.ca</a>/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_3" title="CBC Radio 3">CBC Radio 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a>/ICI.mu, and <a href="/wiki/TOU.TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TOU.TV">Ici.TOU.TV</a>. CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">indigenous</a> languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Canada_International" title="Radio Canada International">Radio Canada International</a> (RCI).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_translator" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast translator">rebroadcast transmitters</a>, including communities not subject to Canada's <a href="#Over-the-air_digital_television_transition">over-the-air digital television transition</a>. The CBC's funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, the CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique, introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Frontier_Coverage_Package">1.1 Frontier Coverage Package</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#2011_transition_to_digital_television">1.2 2011 transition to digital television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Fallout_over_the_Ghomeshi_affair">1.3 Fallout over the Ghomeshi affair</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Federal_elections_and_copyright_claims">1.4 Federal elections and copyright claims</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#42nd_Canadian_Parliament:_lawsuit_threats">1.4.1 42nd Canadian Parliament: lawsuit threats</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#43rd_Canadian_Parliament:_trial_of_suit">1.4.2 43rd Canadian Parliament: trial of suit</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Resolution:_court_allows_fair_dealing">1.4.3 Resolution: court allows fair dealing</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Logos_and_slogans">2 Logos and slogans</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Personalities">3 Personalities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Organization">4 Organization</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Mandate">4.1 Mandate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Management">4.2 Management</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Board_of_directors">4.2.1 Board of directors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Presidents">4.2.2 Presidents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Ombudsmen">4.2.3 Ombudsmen</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Financing">4.3 Financing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Services">5 Services</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#News">5.1 News</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Radio">5.2 Radio</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Long-range_radio_plan">5.2.1 Long-range radio plan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Radio_Guide">5.2.2 Radio Guide</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Television">5.3 Television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Online">5.4 Online</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Merchandising">5.5 Merchandising</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Miscellaneous">5.6 Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Unions">6 Unions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Labour_issues">6.1 Labour issues</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#2005_lock-out">6.1.1 2005 lock-out</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#International_broadcasts">7 International broadcasts</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Caribbean">7.1 Caribbean</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#United_States">7.2 United States</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Newsworld_International_and_Trio">7.2.1 Newsworld International and Trio</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#International_broadcast_of_radio_programs">7.3 International broadcast of radio programs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Controversies">8 Controversies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Allegations_of_bias">8.1 Allegations of bias</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Falun_Gong_and_Beyond_the_Red_Wall">8.2 Falun Gong and Beyond the Red Wall</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#CBC_President's_comparison_of_Netflix's_influence_to_colonialism">8.3 CBC President's comparison of Netflix's influence to colonialism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Closed_captioning">8.4 Closed captioning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#2013_Radio-Canada_rebranding">8.5 2013 Radio-Canada rebranding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Suspension_of_local_newscasts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic">8.6 Suspension of local newscasts during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#CBC_Tandem_and_branded_content">8.7 CBC Tandem and branded content</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Kenneth_Muzik_verdict">8.8 Kenneth Muzik verdict</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#WE_Charity_v._CBC">8.9 WE Charity v. CBC</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Twitter_label_controversy">8.10 Twitter label controversy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Primary_sources">11.1 Primary sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#In_French">11.2 In French</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting_in_Canada" title="History of broadcasting in Canada">History of broadcasting in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Timeline of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Timeline of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div> In 1929, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Radio_Broadcasting" title="Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting">Aird Commission</a> on <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the growing influence of American radio broadcasting as U.S.-based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National Railways">Canadian National Railways</a> was making a radio network to entertain its passengers and give it an advantage over its rival, CP. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC. <a href="/wiki/Graham_Spry" title="Graham Spry">Graham Spry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Plaunt" title="Alan Plaunt">Alan Plaunt</a> lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio_League" title="Canadian Radio League">Canadian Radio League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1932, the government of <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a> established the CBC's predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio_Broadcasting_Commission" title="Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission">Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission</a> (CRBC).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg/220px-CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4084" data-file-height="3132"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg/220px-CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg/330px-CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg/440px-CBC_journalists_in_Montreal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Journalists in a CBC newsroom in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in November 1944</figcaption></figure> The CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central and eastern Canada. On November 2, 1936, the CRBC was reorganized under its present name. While the CRBC was a state-owned company, the CBC was a <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporation</a> on the model of the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>, which had been reformed from a private company into a statutory corporation in 1927. <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Brockington" title="Leonard Brockington">Leonard Brockington</a> was the CBC's first chairman.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> For the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was partly because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster but the chief regulator of Canadian broadcasting. It used this dual role to snap up most of the <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">clear-channel licences</a> in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in December 1937.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> It introduced <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a> to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service was not launched until 1960.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Television broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6, 1952, with the opening of a station in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBFT" class="mw-redirect" title="CBFT">CBFT</a>), and a station in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBLT" class="mw-redirect" title="CBLT">CBLT</a>) opening two days later.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The CBC's first privately owned <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliate</a> television station, <a href="/wiki/CICI-TV" title="CICI-TV">CKSO</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a>, Ontario, launched in October 1953.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> At the time, all private stations were expected to affiliate with the CBC, a condition that relaxed in 1960–61 with the launch of <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a>. From 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two services known as the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Network" title="Trans-Canada Network">Trans-Canada Network</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Network" title="Dominion Network">Dominion Network</a>. The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, while the former became known as CBC Radio. (In the late 1990s, CBC Radio was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> and CBC Stereo as CBC Radio Two. The latter was rebranded slightly in 2007 as <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_2" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Radio 2">CBC Radio 2</a>.) <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg/220px-CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg/220px-CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg/330px-CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg/440px-CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A CBC <a href="/wiki/Satellite_truck" title="Satellite truck">satellite truck</a>, used for remote television broadcasts</figcaption></figure> On July 1, 1958, the CBC's television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBC's own <a href="/wiki/The_Forest_Rangers_(TV_series)" title="The Forest Rangers (TV series)">The Forest Rangers</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Colour television broadcasts commenced on July 1, 1966, and full-colour service began in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1978, the CBC became the first broadcaster in the world to use an orbiting satellite for television service, linking Canada "from east to west to north". The mission of CBC is contributing to the "moral economy of the nation".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontier_Coverage_Package">Frontier Coverage Package</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Frontier Coverage Package" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Starting in 1967 and continuing until the mid-1970s, the CBC offered a "Frontier Coverage Package" of limited television service to remote northern communities.<a href="#cite_note-TV_north_of_60-21">[21]</a> Low-power television transmitters carried a four-hour selection of black-and-white <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotaped</a> programs each day. The tapes were recorded in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> and flown into a community with a transmitter, put on the air, and then transported to another community, often by the "bicycle" method used in <a href="/wiki/Television_syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Television syndication">television syndication</a>. Transportation delays ranged from one week for larger centres to almost a month for small communities.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG/220px-CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4842" data-file-height="3219"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG/220px-CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG/330px-CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG/440px-CBC_North_studio_Iqaluit.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/CBC_North" title="CBC North">CBC North</a> studios in <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> The first stations were started in <a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a>, Northwest Territories; <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Lake" title="Lynn Lake">Lynn Lake</a>, Manitoba; and <a href="/wiki/Havre-Saint-Pierre" title="Havre-Saint-Pierre">Havre-Saint-Pierre</a>, Quebec, in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-TV_north_of_60-21">[21]</a> Another station began operating in <a href="/wiki/Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a>, Yukon in November 1968.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Additional stations were added from 1969 to 1972. Most of the stations were reconfigured in 1973 to receive CBC Television programming from the <a href="/wiki/Anik_(satellite)" title="Anik (satellite)">Anik</a> satellite in colour and live with the rest of Canada. Those serving the largest centres signed on with colour broadcasts on February 5, 1973, and most of the others were added before spring of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Anik_live_tv-25">[25]</a> Broadcasts were geared to either the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">Atlantic Time Zone</a> (UTC−4 or −3), originating from <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> and later <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a> (UTC−8 or −7), originating from <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TV_survey_1973-26">[26]</a> even though the audience resided in communities in time zones varying from UTC−5 to UTC−8; the reason for this was that the CBC originated its programs for the Atlantic Time Zone, and a key station in each time zone would record the broadcast for the appropriate delay of one, two or three hours; the programs were originated again for the Pacific zone. The northern stations picked up one of these two feeds, with the western NWT stations picking up the Pacific feed.<a href="#cite_note-Anik_live_tv-25">[25]</a> Some in northern areas of the provinces were connected by <a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">microwave</a> to a CBC broadcast centre within their own province.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Some of these stations used non-CBC <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call signs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/CFWH-TV" title="CFWH-TV">CFWH-TV</a> in Whitehorse, CFYK in Yellowknife, CFFB in Frobisher Bay and CHAK in Inuvik, while some others used the standard CB_T callsign but with five letters (e.g. CBDHT). <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Uplinks</a> in the North were usually a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_truck" title="Satellite truck">temporary unit</a> brought in from the south. A <a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">ground station</a> uplink was later established in Yellowknife, and then in Whitehorse and Iqaluit. Television programs originating in the North began in 1979 with the monthly news magazine Our Ways, produced in Yellowknife,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and graduated to half-hour newscasts (Northbeat and Igalaaq) on weekdays in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Until then, there were occasional temporary uplinks for such things as territorial election returns coverage; Yukon had the first such coverage in 1985,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> though because it happened during the Stanley Cup playoffs, equipment was already spoken for, so CBC rented the equipment of <a href="/wiki/CITV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="CITV-TV">CITV-TV</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> to use in Whitehorse that evening. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_transition_to_digital_television">2011 transition to digital television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2011 transition to digital television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Digital television in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_CBC_and_Radio-Canada_television_transmitters" title="List of defunct CBC and Radio-Canada television transmitters">List of defunct CBC and Radio-Canada television transmitters</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCI_Tantramar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RCI_Tantramar.jpg/220px-RCI_Tantramar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="1140"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RCI_Tantramar.jpg/220px-RCI_Tantramar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RCI_Tantramar.jpg/330px-RCI_Tantramar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RCI_Tantramar.jpg/440px-RCI_Tantramar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Radio_Canada_International" title="Radio Canada International">Radio Canada International</a> transmitter site (<a href="/wiki/CKCX" title="CKCX">CKCX</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Sackville,_New_Brunswick" title="Sackville, New Brunswick">Sackville, New Brunswick</a> in 2009. The site was closed in 2012.</figcaption></figure> The CRTC ordered that in 28 "mandatory markets", full power over-the-air analogue television transmitters had to cease transmitting by August 31, 2011. Broadcasters could either continue serving those markets by transitioning analogue transmitters to digital or cease broadcasting over-the-air. Cable, IPTV, and satellite services are not involved or affected by this digital transition deadline. While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canadian digital television transition</a> deadline of August 31, 2011, the CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters mandatory to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC TV, and 14 of 28 markets with SRC). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published a plan whereby communities that receive analogue signals by re-broadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air (OTA) signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and SRC transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and SRC over-the-air signals include <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a> (metropolitan area population 457,000) and <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> (metro area 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not converted to digital. On July 31, 2012, the CBC shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters, following an announcement of these plans on April 4, 2012. This reduced the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country to 27. According to the CBC, this would reduce the corporation's yearly costs by $10 million. No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and SRC in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter. In fact, in its CRTC application to shut down all of its analogue television transmitters, the CBC communicated its opposition to the use of subchannels, citing, amongst other reasons, costs.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> CBC/R-C claims that only 1.7 percent of Canadian viewers actually lost access to CBC and Radio-Canada programming due to the very high penetration of cable and satellite. In some areas (particularly remote and rural regions), cable or satellite have long been essential for acceptable television.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fallout_over_the_Ghomeshi_affair">Fallout over the Ghomeshi affair</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fallout over the Ghomeshi affair" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2015, after allegations that CBC Radio host <a href="/wiki/Jian_Ghomeshi" title="Jian Ghomeshi">Jian Ghomeshi</a> had harassed colleagues, Ghomeshi was placed on leave; his employment was terminated in October when the CBC indicated that they had "graphic evidence" that he had injured a female employee.<a href="#cite_note-hasham-33">[33]</a> The corporation commissioned an independent investigation. The resulting report by Janice Rubin, a partner at the law firm Rubin Thomlinson LLP, discussed employee complaints about Ghomeshi that were not seriously considered by the CBC. Rubin concluded that CBC management had "failed to take adequate steps" when it became aware of Ghomeshi's "problematic behaviour".<a href="#cite_note-jggn-34">[34]</a> Ghomeshi was charged by police with multiple counts of sexual assault but was found not guilty of all but one of these in March 2016. He was to be tried in June on the last remaining charge, relating to a complainant who had also worked at CBC; her name was later revealed to be <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Borel" title="Kathryn Borel">Kathryn Borel</a>. On May 11, 2016, however, the Crown withdrew the charge after Ghomeshi signed a peace bond (which does not include an admission of guilt) and apologized to Borel.<a href="#cite_note-apology-35">[35]</a> Borel was critical of the CBC for its handling of her initial complaint about Ghomeshi's behaviour. "When I went to the CBC for help, what I received in return was a directive that, yes, he could do this and, yes, it was my job to let him", she told the assembled media representatives.<a href="#cite_note-blacbc-36">[36]</a> The CBC apologized to Borel publicly on May 11 in a statement by the head of public affairs Chuck Thompson. "What Ms. Borel experienced in our workplace should never have happened and we sincerely apologize ...", he stated.<a href="#cite_note-ct680-37">[37]</a> The corporation has also maintained that it had accepted Rubin's report and had "since made significant progress" on a revised policy of improved training and methods for handling bullying and harassment complaints.<a href="#cite_note-:4-38">[38]</a> The Rubin report "contained several recommendations on how the CBC can change its workplace culture. One of those recommendations included the creation of a work and human rights ombudsperson whom employees could use to raise concerns about the workplace." The CBC also severed its relationship "with two top executives, Chris Boyce, the former head of CBC Radio, and Todd Spencer, the head of human resources for English services".<a href="#cite_note-jggn-34">[34]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> article by Jacques Gallant from May 11, 2016, public relations expert Martin Waxman spoke of a "damning indictment" of the CBC which included the following comment. "Yes, they did their inquiry, but if I were the CBC, I would think strongly about what is wrong with the culture and what they can do to repair it", he said.<a href="#cite_note-:4-38">[38]</a> The Star also quoted employment lawyer <a href="/wiki/Howard_Levitt" title="Howard Levitt">Howard Levitt</a> stating that "harassment has not been fully addressed at the CBC" in his estimation. Levitt called the Rubin report a "whitewash" and reiterated his suggestion that a federal commission should conduct a more detailed inquiry into workplace issues at the public broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-:4-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_elections_and_copyright_claims">Federal elections and copyright claims</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal elections and copyright claims" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="42nd_Canadian_Parliament:_lawsuit_threats">42nd Canadian Parliament: lawsuit threats</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 42nd Canadian Parliament: lawsuit threats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a> campaign, the CBC issued <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease-and-desist</a> letters to the <a href="/wiki/Broadbent_Institute" title="Broadbent Institute">Broadbent Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> (CPC), the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party of Canada</a>, accusing them of using <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrighted</a> footage from CBC news programming in their campaign advertising without permission. The Liberals and NDP complied with the letters, pulling the ads in question, while the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives persisted. Eventually, however, rather than go to court, the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives agreed to remove the offending material, and as such, the CBC did not pursue them further for these alleged infractions in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Tait-defending-journalism-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="43rd_Canadian_Parliament:_trial_of_suit">43rd Canadian Parliament: trial of suit</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 43rd Canadian Parliament: trial of suit" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In October 2019, two weeks before the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 Canadian federal election</a>, the CBC sued the CPC for using excerpts from its leaders' debates in campaign material. The CBC petitioned for an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> against the CPC continuing to use the excerpts as well as seeking an acknowledgement from the CPC and its executive director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dustin_Van_Vugt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dustin Van Vugt (page does not exist)">Dustin Van Vugt</a>, that the party had "engaged in the unauthorized use of copyright-protected material". Furthermore, the CBC indicated that the clips in question were "taken out of context and are edited and relied on to make partisan points for the benefit" of the CPC.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-v-CPC-40">[40]</a> In response, the CPC stated that 17 seconds of footage had been used and the video in question had been removed before the lawsuit was filed, and expressed "grave concern that this decision was made on the eve of an election that CBC is to be covering fairly and objectively". Intellectual property academic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Geist" title="Michael Geist">Michael Geist</a> stated that the use of the footage was likely covered by <a href="/wiki/Fair_dealing" title="Fair dealing">fair dealing</a> provisions.<a href="#cite_note-geist-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> CBC President and CEO <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tait" title="Catherine Tait">Catherine Tait</a> contends that she does not believe that the use of journalistic material for partisan ads is covered by the "fair dealing" exemption of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act" title="Copyright Act">Copyright Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tait-defending-journalism-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Resolution:_court_allows_fair_dealing">Resolution: court allows fair dealing</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Resolution: court allows fair dealing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On May 13, 2021, the CPC lawsuit was dismissed in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Canada" title="Federal Court of Canada">Federal Court of Canada</a>, with Justice Phelan's clarification that the CPC's use was fair and allowable.<a href="#cite_note-Federal-court-ruling-43">[43]</a> The decision made precedent. "Prior to this decision, Canadian jurisprudence held that to meet the requirements of criticism and review, the copyrighted work in use must be critiqued and analyzed. Furthermore, the Court held that for attribution of the source and author, the inclusion of the CBC's logo was sufficient" to meet Copyright Act requirements.<a href="#cite_note-bplex-44">[44]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Logos_and_slogans">Logos and slogans</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Logos and slogans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Logos used by the CBC</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg/116px-CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="257"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 116px;height: 88px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg/116px-CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="116" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg/174px-CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg/232px-CBC_logo_1940%E2%80%931958.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1940–1958</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg/88px-CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 88px;height: 88px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg/88px-CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="88" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg/132px-CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg/176px-CBC_Logo_1974-1986.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1974–1985</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg/102px-CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 102px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg/102px-CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="102" data-height="102" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg/153px-CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg/204px-CBC_Logo_1986-1992.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1985–1992</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg/102px-CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="438"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 102px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg/102px-CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="102" data-height="102" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg/153px-CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg/204px-CBC_Logo_1992-Present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1992–present</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg/208px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 208px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg/208px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="208" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg/312px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg/416px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Flag of the CBC</div></div></div></div></div> The original logo of the CBC, designed by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux_Arts_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="École des Beaux Arts (Montreal)">École des Beaux Arts</a> student Hortense Binette<a href="#cite_note-cbclogo-45">[45]</a> and used between 1940 and 1958, featured a map of Canada (and from 1940 to 1949, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>) and a thunderbolt design used to symbolize broadcasting. In 1958, the CBC adopted a new logo for use at the end of network programs. Designed by scale model artist Jean-Paul Boileau, it consisted of the legends "CBC" and "Radio-Canada" overlaid on a map of Canada. For French programming, the "Radio-Canada" was placed on top. The "Butterfly" logo was designed for the CBC by Hubert Tison in 1966 to mark the network's progressing transition from black-and-white to colour television, much in the manner of the <a href="/wiki/NBC_logos" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC logos">NBC peacock logo</a>. It was used at the beginning of programs broadcast in colour and was used until all CBC television programs had switched to colour. A sketch on the CBC Television program <a href="/wiki/Wayne_%26_Shuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne & Shuster">Wayne & Shuster</a> once referred to this as the logo of the "Cosmic Butterfly Corporation".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The fourth logo, known internally as "the gem", was designed for the CBC by graphic artist <a href="/wiki/Burton_Kramer" title="Burton Kramer">Burton Kramer</a> in December 1974, and it is the most widely recognized symbol of the corporation. The main on-air <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">identification</a> featured the logo kaleidoscopically morphing into its form while radiating outward from the center of the screen on a blue background. This animated version, which went to air in December 1974, is also known colloquially as "The Exploding Pizza". The appearance of this logo marked the arrival of full-colour network television service. The large shape in the middle is the letter C, which stands for Canada; the radiating parts of the C symbolize broadcasting, and the blue circle the logo was placed in represented the world, so the entire logo, according to Kramer, represented the idea of "Canada broadcasting to the world". The original theme music for the 1974 CBC ident was a three-note woodwind orchestral fanfare accompanied by the voiceover "This is CBC" or "Ici Radio-Canada".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> This was later replaced by a different, and more familiar 11-note woodwind orchestral jingle, which was used until December 31, 1985.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The updated one-colour version of the gem/pizza logo, created by Hubert Tison and Robert Innes,<a href="#cite_note-cbclogo-45">[45]</a> was introduced on January 1, 1986, and with it was introduced a new series of computer graphic-generated television idents for the CBC and Radio-Canada. These idents consisted of different background colours corresponding to the time of the day behind a translucent CBC gem logo, accompanied by different arrangements of the CBC's new, synthesized five-note jingle. The logo was changed to one colour, generally dark blue on white, or white on dark blue, in 1986. Print ads and most television promos, however, have always used a single-colour version of this logo since 1974. During 1986, they use gold platings on their idents to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the CBC. In 1992, the CBC updated its logo design to make it simpler and more red (or white on a red background). The new logo design, created by Swiss-Canadian design firm Gottschalk + Ash,<a href="#cite_note-cbclogo-45">[45]</a> reduces the number of geometric sections in the logo to 13 instead of the previous logo's 25, and the "C" in the centre of the logo became a simple red circle. According to graphic designer Todd Falkowsky, the logo's red colour also represents Canada in a symbolic way. With the launch of the current design, new television idents were introduced in November of that year, also using CGI. Since the early 2000s, it has also appeared in white (sometimes red) on a textured or coloured background. It is now CBC/Radio-Canada's longest-used logo, surpassing the original incarnation of the Gem logo and the CBC's 1940 logo. CBC television slogans have been periodically updated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li>1966: "Television is CBC"</li> <li>1970: "When you watch, watch the best"</li> <li>1977: "Bringing Canadians Together"</li> <li>1980: "We Are the CBC"</li> <li>1984: "Look to us for good things" (general) / "Good to Know" (news and public affairs)</li> <li>1986–1989: "The Best on the Box"</li> <li>1989–1992: "CBC and You"</li> <li>1992–1994: "Go Public" / "CBC: Public Broadcasting" (to emphasize that CBC is a public broadcaster)</li> <li>1995–2001: "Television to Call Our Own" and "Radio to Call Our Own"</li> <li>2001–2007: "Canada's Own"</li> <li>2007–2014: "Canada Lives Here"</li> <li>2009–present: "Mon monde est à Radio-Canada, SRC" (English translation: My world is on Radio-Canada)</li> <li>2011 and 2016: "Yours to Celebrate" (French: "Un monde à célébrer") (for the CBC's 75th and 80th anniversaries)</li> <li>2014–2023: "Love CBC" / "Fall for CBC"</li> <li>2023–present "It's a Canada thing"<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Personalities">Personalities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personalities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation_personalities" title="List of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation personalities">List of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation personalities</a></div> Notable CBC alumni have included future <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governors General of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Jeanne Sauvé">Jeanne Sauvé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Clarkson" title="Adrienne Clarkson">Adrienne Clarkson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Micha%C3%ABlle_Jean" title="Michaëlle Jean">Michaëlle Jean</a>, as well as future <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">René Lévesque</a>. <a href="/wiki/Knowlton_Nash" title="Knowlton Nash">Knowlton Nash</a>, whose career at the CBC spanned the years between 1965 and 1992, was a beloved and trusted news anchor for the news programme <a href="/wiki/The_National_(TV_program)" title="The National (TV program)">The National</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansbridge" title="Peter Mansbridge">Peter Mansbridge</a> then took over the reins at the premiere Canadian news broadcast until July 1, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-kncbc-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmcbc-52">[52]</a> For a time Mansbridge shared the anchor position with <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Mesley" title="Wendy Mesley">Wendy Mesley</a>, who was forced to retire after a 38-year career under a cloud for inappropriate use of language in two closed editorial meetings.<a href="#cite_note-wmcbc-53">[53]</a> A staple in Canadian living rooms since 1952 is the weekly Saturday night broadcast <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Night_in_Canada" title="Hockey Night in Canada">Hockey Night in Canada</a>. Personalities like <a href="/wiki/Foster_Hewitt" title="Foster Hewitt">Foster Hewitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Irvin_Jr." title="Dick Irvin Jr.">Dick Irvin Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Neale" title="Harry Neale">Harry Neale</a> were amongst the light-blue jacketed commentators of the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Ron_MacLean" title="Ron MacLean">Ron MacLean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Cherry" title="Don Cherry">Don Cherry</a> were famous for their commentary during the first intermission <a href="/wiki/Coach%27s_Corner" title="Coach's Corner">Coach's Corner</a> until Cherry was fired for remarks during broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a> 2019 that were widely condemned as anti-immigrant.<a href="#cite_note-dcgn-54">[54]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandate">Mandate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mandate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_(1991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Act (1991)">1991 Broadcasting Act</a><a href="#cite_note-justice1-55">[55]</a> states that:<a href="#cite_note-:2-56">[56]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">... the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as the national public broadcaster, should provide radio and television services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains; ... the programming provided by the Corporation should: <ul><li>be predominantly and distinctively Canadian,</li> <li>reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions,</li> <li>actively contribute to the flow and exchange of cultural expression,</li> <li>be in English and in French, reflecting the different needs and circumstances of each official language community, including the particular needs and circumstances of English and French linguistic minorities,</li> <li>strive to be of equivalent quality in English and French,</li> <li>contribute to shared national consciousness and identity,</li> <li>be made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose, and</li> <li>reflect the multicultural and multiracial nature of Canada.</li></ul> </blockquote>In June 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> launched a review of the Broadcasting Act as well as the <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_(Canada)" title="Telecommunications Act (Canada)">Telecommunications Act</a>, and the CBC mandate is subject to updating following the review's completion. The CBC also submitted a paper to the Review Panel entitled "Our Culture, Our Democracy: Canada in the Digital World", which included various recommendations regarding the strengthening of <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> within the global broadcasting market. The Review Panel submitted its final report and recommendations on January 29, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:2-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Management" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As a <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporation</a>, the CBC operates at <a href="/wiki/Arm%27s_length_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm's length body">arm's length</a> (autonomously) from the government in its day-to-day business. The corporation is governed by the Broadcasting Act<a href="#cite_note-justice1-55">[55]</a> of 1991, under a board of directors and is directly responsible to <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a>. General management of the organization is in the hands of a president, who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen-in-Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen-in-Council">in Council</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advice</a> of the prime minister. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_Times" title="The Hill Times">The Hill Times</a>, a clause in <a href="/wiki/Bill_C-60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill C-60">Bill C-60</a>—an <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_spending_bill" title="Omnibus spending bill">omnibus</a> budget implementation bill introduced by the government of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> in 2013—"appears to contradict a longstanding arm's-length relationship between the independent CBC and any government in power".<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost_bill_c60-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-hilltimes_2013-58">[58]</a> The clause allows the "prime minister's cabinet to approve salaries, working conditions and collective bargaining positions for the CBC".<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost_bill_c60-57">[57]</a> On September 1, 2007, the CBC became subject to the federal <a href="/wiki/Access_to_Information_Act" title="Access to Information Act">Access to Information Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Board of directors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In accordance with the Broadcasting Act, a board of directors is responsible for the management of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The board is made up of 12 members, including the chair and the president and CEO. A current list of directors is available from the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Governor_in_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor in Council">Governor in Council</a> here.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> As of April 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>, the CBC's board of directors page lists:<a href="#cite_note-cbc._Boar-62">[62]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Goldbloom" title="Michael Goldbloom">Michael Goldbloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tait" title="Catherine Tait">Catherine Tait</a> (president and CEO)</li> <li>Guillaume Aniorté</li> <li>Suzanne Guèvremont</li> <li>René Légère</li> <li>Sandra Mason</li> <li>Jennifer Moore Rattray</li> <li>François R. Roy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Shelton_Deverell" class="mw-redirect" title="Rita Shelton Deverell">Rita Shelton Deverell</a></li> <li>Sandra Singh</li> <li>Bill Tam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Wilson_(journalist)" title="Marie Wilson (journalist)">Marie Wilson</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidents">Presidents</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Presidents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li>1936–1939: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Brockington" title="Leonard Brockington">Leonard Brockington</a></li> <li>1940–1944: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Morin" title="René Morin">René Morin</a></li> <li>1944–1945: <a href="/wiki/Howard_B._Chase" title="Howard B. Chase">Howard B. Chase</a></li> <li>1945–1958: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Davidson_Dunton" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Davidson Dunton">A. Davidson Dunton</a></li> <li>1958–1967: <a href="/wiki/J._Alphonse_Ouimet" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Alphonse Ouimet">J. Alphonse Ouimet</a></li> <li>1968–1972: <a href="/wiki/George_Forrester_Davidson" title="George Forrester Davidson">George F. Davidson</a></li> <li>1972–1975: <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Picard" title="Laurent Picard">Laurent A. Picard</a></li> <li>1975–1982: <a href="/wiki/A.W._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="A.W. Johnson">A.W. Johnson</a></li> <li>1982–1989: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Juneau" title="Pierre Juneau">Pierre Juneau</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/William_T._Armstrong" title="William T. Armstrong">William T. Armstrong</a></li> <li>1989–1994: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Veilleux" title="Gérard Veilleux">Gérard Veilleux</a></li> <li>1994–1995: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_S._Manera" title="Anthony S. Manera">Anthony S. Manera</a></li> <li>1995–1999: <a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Perrin Beatty</a></li> <li>1999–2007: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rabinovitch" title="Robert Rabinovitch">Robert Rabinovitch</a></li> <li>2008–2018: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_T._Lacroix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert T. Lacroix">Hubert T. Lacroix</a></li> <li>2018–present: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tait" title="Catherine Tait">Catherine Tait</a><a href="#cite_note-cbctait-63">[63]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ombudsmen">Ombudsmen</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ombudsmen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> English (CBC) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morgan_(producer)" title="Bill Morgan (producer)">William Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bazay" title="David Bazay">David Bazay</a> (1995 – October 30, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Carlin" title="Vince Carlin">Vince Carlin</a> (January 2006 – December 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_LaPointe" title="Kirk LaPointe">Kirk LaPointe</a> (November 2010 – 2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Enkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esther Enkin (page does not exist)">Esther Enkin</a> (January 1, 2013 – December 2018)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Nagler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Nagler (page does not exist)">Jack Nagler</a> (January 2019 – present)<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li></ul> </div> French (Radio-Canada) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Gauron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Gauron (page does not exist)">Bruno Gauron</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Cardinal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Cardinal (page does not exist)">Mario Cardinal</a> (1993–1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_P%C3%A9pin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Pépin (page does not exist)">Marcel Pépin</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaud Gilbert (page does not exist)">Renaud Gilbert</a> (2000–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Miville-Dech%C3%AAne" title="Julie Miville-Dechêne">Julie Miville-Dechêne</a> (April 1, 2007 – July 2011)<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Tourangeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Tourangeau (page does not exist)">Pierre Tourangeau</a> (November 14, 2011 – April 2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Gendron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Gendron (page does not exist)">Guy Gendron</a> (April 1, 2016 – 2021)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Financing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> For the fiscal year 2006, the CBC received a total of $1.53 billion from all revenue sources, including parliamentary funding via taxes, subscription fees, advertising revenue, and other revenue (e.g., real estate). Expenditures for the year included $616 million for English television, $402 million for French television, $126 million for specialty channels, a total of $348 million for radio services in both languages, $88 million for management and technical costs, and $124 million for "<a href="/wiki/Amortization_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amortization (business)">amortization</a> of property and equipment". Some of this spending was derived from amortization of funding from previous years.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Among its revenue sources for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_budget,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian federal budget, 2005">year ending March 31, 2006</a>, the CBC received $946 million in its annual funding from parliament, as well as $60 million in "one-time" supplementary funding for programming. However, this supplementary funding has been repeated annually for a number of years. This combined total is just over a billion dollars annually and is a source of heated debate. To supplement this funding, the CBC's television networks and websites sell advertising, while cable/satellite-only services such as CBC News Network additionally collect subscriber fees, in line with their privately owned counterparts. The CBC's radio services do not sell advertising except when required by law (for example, to political parties during federal elections). CBC's funding differs from that of the public broadcasters of many European nations, which collect a <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">licence fee</a>, or those in the United States, such as <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, which receive some public funding but rely to a large extent on voluntary contributions from individual viewers and listeners. A <a href="/wiki/Nanos_Research" title="Nanos Research">Nanos Research</a> poll from August 2014 conducted for Asper Media (<a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_Post" title="Financial Post">Financial Post</a>) showed 41% of Canadians wanted funding increased, 46% wanted it maintained at current levels, and only 10% wanted to see it cut.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The network's defenders note that the CBC's mandate differs from private media's, particularly in its focus on Canadian content; that much of the public funding actually goes to the radio networks; and that the CBC is responsible for the full cost of most of its prime-time programming, while private networks can fill up most of their prime-time schedules with American series acquired for a fraction of their production cost. CBC supporters also point out that additional, long-term funding is required to provide better Canadian dramas and improved local programming to attract and sustain a strong viewership.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a>, the $115-million deficit reduction action plan cuts to CBC which started with the 2012 budget and were fully realized in 2014, amounted to "one of the biggest layoffs of content creators and journalists in Canadian history". The 2014 cuts combined with earlier ones totalled "3,600 jobs lost at CBC since 2008. The CMG asked the federal government to reverse the cuts<a href="#cite_note-CMG_2014-70">[70]</a> and to repeal Clause 17 of omnibus budget bill C-60 "to remove government's interference in CBC's day-to-day operations".<a href="#cite_note-CMG_2014-70">[70]</a> In September 2015, the Canadian Media Guild announced that the CBC planned to sell all of its properties across Canada to gain a temporary increase in available funds. Media relations manager Alexandra Fortier denied this and stated that the corporation planned to sell only half of its assets.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lacroix" title="Hubert Lacroix">Hubert Lacroix</a>, then-president of CBC/Radio-Canada, spoke at the international public broadcasters' conference in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich, Germany</a>. He claimed for the first time that public broadcasters were "at risk of extinction".<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost_2015-72">[72]</a> The Canadian Media Guild responded that Lacroix had "made a career of shredding" the CBC by cutting one quarter of its staff—approximately 2,000 jobs since 2010 under Lacroix's tenure. More than 600 jobs were cut in 2014 in order "to plug a $130-million budget shortfall".<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost_2015-72">[72]</a> Isabelle Montpetit, president of Syndicat des communications de Radio-Canada (SCRC), observed that Lacroix was hand-picked by Stephen Harper for the job as president of the CBC.<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost_2015-72">[72]</a> For the fiscal year 2015, the CBC received $1.036 billion in public funding and took 5% funding cuts from the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In 2015, the Liberal Party was returned to power. As part of its election platform, it promised to restore the $115 million of funding to the CBC that was cut by the Harper Government, over three years, and add $35 million, for a total extra funding of $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On November 28, 2016, the CBC issued a request for $400 million in additional funding, which it planned to use towards removing advertising from its television services, production and acquisition of Canadian content, and "additional funding of new investments to face consumer and technology disruption". The broadcaster argued that it had operated "[under] a business model and cultural policy framework that is profoundly broken", while other countries "[reaped] the benefits of strong, stable, well-funded public broadcasters".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> CBC has received $1.2 billion of annual public funding since fiscal 2018. Parliamentary funding increased to almost $1.4 billion for 2020–2021 to cover 'retroactive salary inflation' and potential issues arising from the pandemic. It returned to $1.2 billion the following year.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News">News</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: News" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Le_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9journal" title="Le Téléjournal">Le Téléjournal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="733"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> journalist and camera crew reporting on a rally in support of <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a> outside the Russian consulate in Montreal, January 2021</figcaption></figure> CBC News is the largest broadcast newsgathering operation in Canada, providing services to CBC radio as well as <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>, local supper-hour newscasts, CBC News Online, and <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>'s in-flight entertainment. Recent CBC News services are also proving popular, such as news alerts to mobile phones and <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a>. Desktop news alerts, e-mail alerts, and digital television alerts are also available.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_CBC_radio_transmitters_in_Canada" title="List of defunct CBC radio transmitters in Canada">List of defunct CBC radio transmitters in Canada</a></div> CBC Radio has six separate services: three in English, known as <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_3" title="CBC Radio 3">CBC Radio 3</a>; and three in French, known as <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ici_Musique" title="Ici Musique">Ici Musique</a>, and Ici Musique Classique. Over the years, a number of CBC radio transmitters, with a majority of them on the <a href="/wiki/AM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="AM radio">AM band</a>, have either moved to <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM</a> or have shut down completely. The CBC plans to phase out more CBC AM transmitters across Canada.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> This goal however remains to be seen in light of the CBC budget cutbacks. CBC Radio One and Première focus on <a href="/wiki/News" title="News">news</a> and information programming, though they also air some music programs, variety shows, and comedy; in the past, they aired some sports programming as well. Both of these services used to broadcast primarily on the AM band, but many stations have moved over to FM. CBC Music and Ici musique is found exclusively on FM, airing arts and cultural programming, with a focus on music. CBC Radio 3, found only online, plays exclusively-independent Canadian music.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infomornpier21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Infomornpier21.jpg/220px-Infomornpier21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Infomornpier21.jpg/220px-Infomornpier21.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Infomornpier21.jpg/330px-Infomornpier21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Infomornpier21.jpg/440px-Infomornpier21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A live audience attending a special anniversary broadcast of <a href="/wiki/Information_Morning" title="Information Morning">Information Morning</a>, a morning show on <a href="/wiki/CBHA-FM" title="CBHA-FM">CBHA-FM</a></figcaption></figure>CBC Radio also operated two <a href="/wiki/Shortwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortwave">shortwave</a> services. The first, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nord_Qu%C3%A9bec#Shortwave_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Nord Québec">Radio Nord Québec</a>, broadcast domestically to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Quebec" title="Northern Quebec">Northern Quebec</a> on a static frequency of 9.625 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">MHz</a>; and the other, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Canada_International" title="Radio Canada International">Radio Canada International</a>, provided broadcasts to the United States and around the world in eight languages. Both shortwave services were shut down in 2012 due to <a href="/wiki/Radio_Canada_International#Budget_cuts_and_the_end_of_shortwave_broadcasting_(2012)" title="Radio Canada International">budget cuts</a>; the <a href="/wiki/CKCX" title="CKCX">Sackville transmitter site</a> was dismantled in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Additionally, the Radio One stations in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> operated <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_relay_station" title="Shortwave relay station">shortwave relay</a> transmitters, broadcasting at 6.16 MHz. Some have suggested<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> that CBC/Radio-Canada create a new high-power shortwave <a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">digital</a> radio service for more effective coverage of isolated areas. In November 2004, the CBC, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Standard_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Broadcasting">Standard Broadcasting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a>, applied to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> (CRTC) for a licence to introduce satellite radio service to Canada. The CRTC approved the subscription radio application, as well as two others for satellite radio service, on June 16, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Canada" title="Sirius Canada">Sirius Canada</a> launched on December 1, 2005, with a number of CBC Radio channels, including the new services <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_3" title="CBC Radio 3">CBC Radio 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bande_%C3%A0_part_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bande à part (radio)">Bande à part</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The CBC once owned a stake in <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a>, but exited from ownership following a reorganization announced in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In some areas, especially national or provincial parks, the CBC also operates an AM or FM transmitter rebroadcasting weather alerts from the <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_Service_of_Canada" title="Meteorological Service of Canada">Meteorological Service of Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Weatheradio_Canada" title="Weatheradio Canada">Weatheradio Canada</a> service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long-range_radio_plan">Long-range radio plan</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Long-range radio plan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The CBC's long-range radio plan (LRRP) was developed by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> (CRTC) in collaboration with the CBC to identify those <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> frequencies that would likely be required to deliver the CBC's radio services to the maximum number of Canadians. The CBC is not subject to any conditions or expectations concerning its LRRP. The CBC noted that Première Chaîne (now <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a>) and <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> were available to about 99% of the Canadian population. The CBC stated that it plans to maintain its radio service but has no plans to grow the coverage area. It described the LRRP as a planning vehicle and indicated that it would no longer use it. Given reductions in public funding to the CBC and given that Première Chaîne and Radio One are available to the vast majority of Canadians, the Commission considers that the CBC's plan to maintain current coverage and discontinue the LRRP is reasonable. Accordingly, the Commission accepted the CBC's proposal to discontinue the LRRP.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio_Guide">Radio Guide</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Radio Guide" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Beginning in 1981, CBC Radio launched the monthly magazine Radio Guide, which included <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> program listings alongside feature content, such as profiles of musicians and writers and behind the scenes looks at CBC programs.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The magazine was released both by subscription and as a newsstand title. In 1984, due to budgetary pressures at the CBC, the magazine began accepting paid advertising from outside clients;<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> in 1985, due to further budget cuts, the magazine was discontinued as a standalone title, and instead became a supplement in <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_(magazine)" title="Saturday Night (magazine)">Saturday Night</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 1988, the magazine was sold to Core Group Publishers of Vancouver,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and continued in this format until 1997, when it was discontinued due to a declining subscriber base.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICI_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI Radio-Canada Télé">ICI Radio-Canada Télé</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_CBC_Television_stations" title="List of CBC Television stations">List of CBC Television stations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_CBC_Television_Programs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of CBC Television Programs">List of CBC Television Programs</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg/200px-Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg/200px-Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg/300px-Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg/400px-Tour_Radio_Canada.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Maison_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Radio-Canada">Maison Radio-Canada</a> in Montreal holds the headquarters of CBC Radio-Canada's French-language output</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_(24142315228).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg/200px-Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg/200px-Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg/300px-Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg/400px-Toronto_%2824142315228%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Centre" title="Canadian Broadcasting Centre">Canadian Broadcasting Centre</a> in Toronto serves as the CBC's English-language master control point</div></div></div></div></div> The CBC operates two national broadcast television networks: <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> in English, and <a href="/wiki/ICI_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI Radio-Canada Télé">ICI Radio-Canada Télé</a> in French. Like private broadcasters, both of these networks sell advertising but offer more Canadian-produced programming. All CBC television stations are owned and operated by the CBC itself and carry a common schedule, aside from local programming and other <a href="/wiki/Regional_variation" title="Regional variation">regional variation</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/CBC_North" title="CBC North">CBC North</a> stations in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> carrying an additional newscast in the <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> language and a weekly <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> program), and <a href="/wiki/CBET-DT" title="CBET-DT">CBET-DT</a> in Windsor amending its non-primetime schedule at various points due to program rights conflicts with <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> stations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Both CBC's English and French networks previously had a number of private <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliates</a> owned by third-party owners. However, the majority of them have either been bought by the CBC and subsequently shut down during the transition to digital television, or have switched to other networks and program services. The only remaining privately owned affiliate of any CBC-owned network is Ici Radio-Canada Télé affiliate <a href="/wiki/CKRT-DT" title="CKRT-DT">CKRT-DT</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Loup" title="Rivière-du-Loup">Rivière-du-Loup</a> (which is part of a <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">triplestick</a> also containing private affiliates for Quebec's two private networks).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] One of the most popular shows is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a> games. In English, the program is known as <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Night_in_Canada" title="Hockey Night in Canada">Hockey Night in Canada</a>, and in French, it was called <a href="/wiki/La_Soir%C3%A9e_du_hockey" title="La Soirée du hockey">La Soirée du hockey</a>. Both shows began in 1952. The French edition was discontinued in 2004, though Radio-Canada stations outside of Quebec simulcast some Saturday night games produced by <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_des_sports" title="Réseau des sports">RDS</a> until 2006. The network suffered considerable public embarrassment when it lost the rights to the show's <a href="/wiki/The_Hockey_Theme" title="The Hockey Theme">theme music</a> following a protracted lawsuit launched by the song's composer and publishers.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In 2013, the exclusive national media rights to the NHL were acquired by <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogers Media">Rogers Media</a>, although Rogers would reach an agreement with the CBC to license the Hockey Night in Canada brand for use in its <a href="/wiki/NHL_on_Sportsnet" title="NHL on Sportsnet">coverage</a> of Saturday-night games, and <a href="/wiki/Brokered_programming" title="Brokered programming">broker</a> a version of the broadcasts to CBC at no charge.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The CBC also wholly owns and operates four specialty television channels—the news channels <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_RDI" title="Ici RDI">Ici RDI</a>, and the French-language networks <a href="/wiki/Ici_Explora" title="Ici Explora">Ici Explora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_ARTV" title="Ici ARTV">Ici ARTV</a> (the latter since 2015 after buying the remaining 15% of the channel from <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte France</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>). It also owns a managing interest in <a href="/wiki/Documentary_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)">Documentary Channel</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] CBC provides viewers with interactive on-demand television programs every year through <a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">digital-cable</a> services like <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Cable" title="Rogers Cable">Rogers Cable</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Children's programming air under the commercial-free preschool programming block called <a href="/wiki/CBC_Kids" title="CBC Kids">CBC Kids</a>. In French, the children's programming block is Zone Jeunesse on <a href="/wiki/ICI_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI Radio-Canada Télé">ICI Radio-Canada Télé</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Online" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/CBC.ca" title="CBC.ca">CBC.ca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_TOU.TV" title="Ici TOU.TV">Ici TOU.TV</a></div> The CBC has two main websites: CBC.ca is in English and was established in 1996;<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> and Radio-Canada.ca is in French.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The websites allow the CBC to produce sections that complement the various programs on television and radio. In May 2012, as part of an initiative to improve its service in "underserved" markets, the CBC launched a <a href="/wiki/CBC_Hamilton" title="CBC Hamilton">CBC Hamilton</a> news operation for <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>. With the Hamilton area already within the broadcast range of CBC Radio and CBC Television's services in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, the outlet focuses exclusively on digital content, including a section of the CBC News website oriented towards the market. CBC Hamilton reporters have occasionally filed reports for the CBC's television news output, in the event of major stories centred upon the city.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Also in 2012, the corporation launched <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">internet radio</a> service that produces and distributes 40 music-related channels, including the existing audio streams of CBC Radio 2 and <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_3" title="CBC Radio 3">CBC Radio 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-citizen-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC1-96">[96]</a> In October 2019, the CBC launched a successor to the CBC Music platform known as CBC Listen, which encompasses the CBC's radio, music, as well as <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> output.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> CBC offers feature-length documentary films through the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)">documentary Channel</a> [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], a <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_stations_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital television stations in Canada">digital television station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In February 2023, the CBC indicated for the first time that it has begun preliminary planning toward the prospect that future broadcasting will take place entirely on internet streaming platforms rather than traditional radio or television transmissions, although it has not yet announced a specific target date for any changeover.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandising">Merchandising</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Merchandising" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Established in 2002, CBC Merchandising operates retail locations and CBCshop.ca;<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> its educational sales department, CBC Learning,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> sells CBC content and media to educational institutions; as well as <a href="/wiki/Brand_licensing" title="Brand licensing">licensing brands</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Night_in_Canada" title="Hockey Night in Canada">Hockey Night in Canada</a> (whose branding is still owned by the CBC)<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a> (as a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Licensee" title="Licensee">licensee</a> under arrangement from <a href="/wiki/ITV_Studios" title="ITV Studios">ITV Studios</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/CBC_Records" title="CBC Records">CBC Records</a> is a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> that distributes CBC programming, including live concert performances and album transcripts of news and information programming such as the <a href="/wiki/Massey_Lectures" title="Massey Lectures">Massey Lectures</a>, in album format. Music albums on the label, predominantly in the classical and jazz genres, are distributed across Canada in commercial record stores, while albums containing spoken word programming are predominantly distributed by the CBC's own retail merchandising operations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] CBC provides news, business, weather and sports information on <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>'s inflight entertainment as Enroute Journal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Unions">Unions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Unions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Unions representing employees at CBC/Radio-Canada include:<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a> (CMG)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> represents on-air, production, technical, administrative and support staff outside of Québec and Moncton.</li> <li>Association of Professionals and Supervisors (APS)*<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada</a> (AFM)*<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Canadian_Cinema,_Television_and_Radio_Artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists">Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists</a> (performers; ACTRA)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees</a> (stagehands; IATSE)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_Canada" title="Writers Guild of Canada">Writers Guild of Canada</a> (WGC)*<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>Association des réalisateurs (AR)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>Syndicat des communications de Radio-Canada (SCRC)<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Société des auteurs de la radio, de la télévision et du cinéma (SARTeC).<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>Syndicat Canadien de la fonction publique, Conseil des sections locales, Groupe des employé(e)s de bureau et professionnel(le)s (SCFP).<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Société professionnelle des auteurs-compositeurs du Québec (SPACQ)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Syndicat des technicien(ne)s et des artisan(e)s du réseau français (STARF).<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Union des artistes (UDA)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_issues">Labour issues</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Labour issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the summer of 1981 there was a major disruption of CBC programming as the technicians union, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcast_Employees_and_Technicians" title="National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians">National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians</a>, went on strike. Local newscasts were cut back to the bare minimum. This had the effect of delaying the debut of <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_(Canadian_TV_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal (Canadian TV show)">The Journal</a>, which had to wait until January 1982.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The CBC has been affected by a number of other labour disputes since the late 1990s: <ul><li>In early 1999, CBC English- and French-network technicians in all locations outside <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Communications,_Energy_and_Paperworkers_Union_of_Canada" title="Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada">Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada</a>, went on strike.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a> was set to strike as well, but the CBC settled with both unions.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>A similar dispute, again involving all technicians outside Quebec and Moncton, occurred in late 2001 and concluded by the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>In spring 2002, on-air staff in Quebec and Moncton (again, on both English and French networks) were locked out by local management, leaving, among other things, NHL playoff games without commentary on French television.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2005_lock-out">2005 lock-out</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2005 lock-out" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On August 15, 2005, 5,500 employees of the CBC (about 90%) were <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">locked out</a> by CBC CEO <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rabinovitch" title="Robert Rabinovitch">Robert Rabinovitch</a> in a dispute over future hiring practices. At issue were the rules governing the hiring of contract workers in preference to full-time hires. The locked-out employees were members of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a>, representing all production, journalistic and on-air personnel outside Quebec and Moncton, including several foreign correspondents. While CBC services continued during the lock-out, they were primarily made up of repeats, with news programming from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and newswires.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Major CBC programs such as <a href="/wiki/The_National_(TV_program)" title="The National (TV program)">The National</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Farce_(TV_series)" title="Royal Canadian Air Farce (TV series)">Royal Canadian Air Farce</a> were not produced during the lock-out; some non-CBC-owned programs seen on the network, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Green_Show" title="The Red Green Show">The Red Green Show</a>, shifted to other studios. Meanwhile, the locked-out employees produced podcasts and websites such as CBCunplugged.com.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After a hiatus, talks re-opened. On September 23, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Fontana" title="Joe Fontana">Joe Fontana</a>, the federal minister of labour, called Rabinovitch and Arnold Amber—the president of the CBC branch of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a>—to his office for talks aimed at ending the dispute. Late in the evening of October 2, 2005, it was announced that the CBC management and staff had reached a tentative deal which resulted in the CBC returning to normal operations on October 11. Some speculated that the looming October 8 start date for the network's most important television property, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Night_in_Canada" title="Hockey Night in Canada">Hockey Night in Canada</a>, had acted as an additional incentive to resolve the dispute. While all labour disputes resulted in cut-back programming and numerous repeat airings, the 2005 lock-out may have been the most damaging to CBC. All local programming in the affected regions was cancelled and replaced by abbreviated national newscasts and national radio morning shows. <a href="/wiki/BBC_World" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World">BBC World</a> (television) and <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">World Service</a> (radio), as well as <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_News_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast News (Canada)">Broadcast News</a> feeds, were used to provide the remainder of original news content, and the CBC website consisted mainly of rewritten wire copy. Some BBC staff protested against their material being used during the CBC lock-out. "The <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">NUJ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Entertainment_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union">BECTU</a> will not tolerate their members' work being used against colleagues in Canada", said a joint statement by BBC unions. The CMG questioned whether, with its limited Canadian news content, the CBC was meeting its legal requirements under the Broadcasting Act and its CRTC licences.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxie (radio)">Galaxie</a> (which CBC owned at the time) supplied some music content for the radio networks. Tapes of aired or produced documentaries, interviews and entertainment programs were also aired widely. Selected television sports coverage, including that of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>, continued, but without commentary. As before, French-language staff outside of Quebec were also affected by the 2005 lock-out, although with Quebec producing the bulk of the French networks' programming, those networks were not as visibly affected by the dispute apart from local programs. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="International_broadcasts">International broadcasts</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International broadcasts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QSL_Card,_CBC_Radio-Canada,_1956_(Side_A)_(4564382481).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg/220px-QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1679" data-file-height="1068"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg/220px-QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg/330px-QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg/440px-QSL_Card%2C_CBC_Radio-Canada%2C_1956_%28Side_A%29_%284564382481%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/QSL_card" title="QSL card">QSL card</a> from 1956 promoting CBC Radio-Canada's international service</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>, and all other CBC channels can be received through cable and satellite TV channel providers across Canada, such as <a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telus" title="Telus">Telus</a> <a href="/wiki/Optik_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik TV">Optik TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Cable" title="Rogers Cable">Rogers Cable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videotron" class="mw-redirect" title="Videotron">Videotron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cogeco" title="Cogeco">Cogeco</a>, and other smaller TV providers. The CBC and Radio-Canada channel signals can also be obtained free of charge, <a href="/wiki/Over_the_air_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the air broadcasting">over-the-air</a>, through antenna receivers in Canada's largest markets as well as in some border states along the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–U.S. border</a>; however, CBC is not obtainable as a "<a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a>" (FTA) channel on FTA satellites. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caribbean">Caribbean</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Caribbean" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Several <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Countries">Caribbean Countries</a> carry feeds of CBC TV, including in: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, on the coral wave (Cable Bahamas) television system in the Northern Bahamas (Channel 8).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <ul><li>on the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation</a>-owned cable system <a href="/wiki/Multi-Choice_TV" title="Multi-Choice TV">Multi-Choice TV</a> (Channel 703); and</li> <li>on the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Communications" title="Columbus Communications">Columbus Communications</a>-owned cable system <a href="/wiki/FLOW_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOW Barbados">FLOW Barbados</a> (Channel 132).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, on the CableVision digital cable service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, carried on <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Communications" title="Columbus Communications">Columbus Communications</a>-owned cable system <a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW Grenada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, distributed in areas served by <a href="/wiki/FLOW_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOW Jamaica">FLOW Jamaica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Communications" title="Columbus Communications">Columbus Communications</a> Trinidad Ltd. (CCTL) television system.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> CBC radio and television stations can be received <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">over-the-air</a> and have a significant audience in <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">U.S. border</a> communities such as <a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington; <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>; <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Farther from the border, some American fans of the network have acquired Canadian <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> to stream its sports broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Some CBC programming is also <a href="/wiki/Rebroadcaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebroadcaster">rebroadcast</a> on local public radio, such as <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire Public Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Radio">Vermont Public Radio</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine Public Broadcasting Network</a>. CBC television channels are available on cable systems located near the Canada–U.S. border. For example, <a href="/wiki/CBET-DT" title="CBET-DT">CBET</a> <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a> is available on cable systems in the Detroit, Michigan, and <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, areas; much of the rest of the state of Michigan receives <a href="/wiki/CBMT-DT" title="CBMT-DT">CBMT Montreal</a> on cable. <a href="/wiki/CBUT-DT" title="CBUT-DT">CBUT</a> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> is broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> in the Seattle area. At night, the AM radio transmissions of both CBC and Radio-Canada services can be received over much of the northern portion of the United States, from stations such as <a href="/wiki/CBW_(AM)" title="CBW (AM)">CBW</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBK_(AM)" title="CBK (AM)">CBK</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CJBC_(AM)" title="CJBC (AM)">CJBC</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On September 11, 2001, several American broadcasters without their own news operations, including <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>, carried the CBC's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in New York City and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> In the days after September 11, C-SPAN carried CBC's nightly newscast, <a href="/wiki/The_National_(CBC)" class="mw-redirect" title="The National (CBC)">The National</a>, anchored by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansbridge" title="Peter Mansbridge">Peter Mansbridge</a>. The quality of this coverage was recognised specifically by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journalism_Foundation" title="Canadian Journalism Foundation">Canadian Journalism Foundation</a>; editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Tony_Burman" title="Tony Burman">Tony Burman</a> later accepted the Excellence in Journalism Award (2004), for "rigorous professional practice, accuracy, originality and public accountability", on behalf of the service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] C-SPAN has also carried CBC's coverage of major events affecting Canadians, including: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian federal election">Canadian federal elections</a>, key proceedings in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>, Six days in September 2000 that marked the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Pierre Elliott Trudeau">death and state funeral of Pierre Elliott Trudeau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2003_North_America_blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 North America blackout">power outage crisis</a> in summer 2003, <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election">U.S. presidential elections</a> (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/2004_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 U.S. presidential election">2004</a>, C-SPAN picked up The National the day after the election for the view from Canadians), state visits and official visits of <a href="/wiki/President_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="President of United States">American presidents</a> to Canada, and <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Barack Obama inauguration</a> in 2009.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Several <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> stations also air some CBC programming. However, these programs are syndicated by independent distributors, and are not governed by the PBS "common carriage" policy. Other American broadcast networks sometimes air CBC reports, especially for Canadian events of international significance. For example, in the early hours after the <a href="/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111" title="Swissair Flight 111">Swissair Flight 111</a> disaster, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> aired CBC's live coverage of the event. Also in the late 1990s, <a href="/wiki/CNN_Headline_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Headline News">CNN Headline News</a> aired a few CBC reports of events that were not significant outside Canada.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newsworld_International_and_Trio">Newsworld International and Trio</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Newsworld International and Trio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> From 1994 to 2000, the CBC, in a venture with <a href="/wiki/Power_Corporation_of_Canada" title="Power Corporation of Canada">Power Broadcasting</a> (former owner of <a href="/wiki/CKWS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="CKWS-TV">CKWS</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>), jointly owned two networks: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Newsworld_International" title="Newsworld International">Newsworld International</a> (NWI), an American cable channel that rebroadcast much of the programming of CBC Newsworld (now known as <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Trio channel">Trio</a>, an arts and entertainment channel.</li></ol> In 2000, the CBC and Power Broadcasting sold these channels to <a href="/wiki/Barry_Diller" title="Barry Diller">Barry Diller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/USA_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Networks">USA Networks</a>. Diller's company was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivendi Universal">Vivendi Universal</a>, which in turn was partially acquired by <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> to form <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>. NBCUniversal still owns the Trio brand, which no longer has any association with the CBC (and became an Internet-only broadband channel which was later folded into <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)" title="Bravo (American TV network)">Bravo</a>.) The channel was shut down and was replaced with the NBCUniversal channel Sleuth (later known as <a href="/wiki/Cloo" title="Cloo">Cloo</a>). However, the CBC continued to program NWI, with much of its programming simulcast on the domestic Newsworld service. In late 2004, as a result of a further change in NWI's ownership to the <a href="/wiki/INdTV" class="mw-redirect" title="INdTV">INdTV</a> consortium (including <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hyatt" title="Joel Hyatt">Joel Hyatt</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">U.S. Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>), NWI ceased airing CBC programming on August 1, 2005, when it became <a href="/wiki/Current_TV" title="Current TV">Current TV</a>. Current later folded and became <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_America" title="Al Jazeera America">Al Jazeera America</a> on August 20, 2013. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_broadcast_of_radio_programs">International broadcast of radio programs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International broadcast of radio programs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Some CBC Radio One programs, such as <a href="/wiki/Definitely_Not_the_Opera" title="Definitely Not the Opera">Definitely Not the Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/WireTap" class="mw-redirect" title="WireTap">WireTap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q_(radio_show)" title="Q (radio show)">Q</a>, and <a href="/wiki/As_It_Happens" title="As It Happens">As It Happens</a>, also air on some stations associated with <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a> or <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a>. CBC Radio One (with a special feed that exclusively contains CBC-produced content and no regional programs) and Ici Radio-Canada Première (a simulcast of its Montreal flagship <a href="/wiki/CBF-FM" title="CBF-FM">CBF-FM</a>) are available to <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Holdings">SiriusXM</a> subscribers in the United States. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Controversies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_bias">Allegations of bias</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Allegations of bias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CBC_News#Bias_allegations" title="CBC News">CBC News § Bias allegations</a></div> Several outlets and politicians over many years have accused <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> of bias.<a href="#cite_note-Gutstein-CBC-Hit-Piece-on-Medicare-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-NP_Column-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-NP_Bias-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Surveys have found the Canadian public perceives a centre-left/Liberal Party bias in CBC News coverage.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Falun_Gong_and_Beyond_the_Red_Wall">Falun Gong and Beyond the Red Wall</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Falun Gong and Beyond the Red Wall" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In November 2007, the CBC replaced its documentary about <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">persecution of Falun Gong</a> members in China, Beyond the Red Wall: Persecution of Falun Gong,<a href="#cite_note-:3-134">[134]</a> at the last minute with a rerun episode regarding President <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> in Pakistan. The broadcaster had said to the press that "the crisis in Pakistan was considered more urgent and much more newsworthy", but sources from within the network itself had stated that the Chinese government had called the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Embassy">Canadian Embassy</a> and demanded repeatedly that the program be taken off the air. The documentary in question was to air on Tuesday, November 6, 2007, on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Newsworld" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Newsworld">CBC Newsworld</a>, but was replaced.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The documentary aired two weeks later on November 20, 2007,<a href="#cite_note-:3-134">[134]</a> after editing.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CBC_President's_comparison_of_Netflix's_influence_to_colonialism">CBC President's comparison of Netflix's influence to colonialism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: CBC President's comparison of Netflix's influence to colonialism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In January 2019 CBC President <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tait" title="Catherine Tait">Catherine Tait</a> came under fire for comparing <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> to colonial <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">India</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Imperialism_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperialism in Africa">Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Tait did not offer an apology and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Mallick" title="Heather Mallick">Heather Mallick</a> defended her comparison.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Tait's comments made American headlines with J.J. McCullough of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> suggesting that "the state-sponsored" corporation shielded her from criticism and that the Canadian industry "was built in part as a bulwark against American influence".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Canadian TV critic <a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(critic)" title="John Doyle (critic)">John Doyle</a>, who has long criticized what he perceives as the low standards of Canadian programming, claimed that CBC had a problem of complacency rather than imperialism.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed_captioning">Closed captioning</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Closed captioning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> was an early leader in broadcasting programming with <a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">closed captioning</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Hearing-impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing-impaired">hearing impaired</a>, airing its first captioned programming in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Captioned programming in Canada began with the airing of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clown_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clown White (page does not exist)">Clown White</a> in English-language and French-language versions on CBC Television and Radio-Canada, respectively. Most sources list that event as occurring in 1981,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> while others list the year as 1982.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In 1997, Henry Vlug, a deaf lawyer in Vancouver, filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Canadian Human Rights Commission">Canadian Human Rights Commission</a> (CHRC) alleging that an absence of captioning on some programming on CBC Television and <a href="/wiki/Newsworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsworld">Newsworld</a> infringed on his rights as a person with a disability. A ruling in 2000 by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal" title="Canadian Human Rights Tribunal">Canadian Human Rights Tribunal</a>, which later heard the case, sided with Vlug and found that an absence of captioning constituted <a href="/wiki/Disability_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability discrimination">discrimination on the basis of disability</a>. The Tribunal ordered CBC Television and Newsworld to caption the entirety of their broadcast days, "including television shows, commercials, promos, and unscheduled news flashes, from sign-on until sign off".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The ruling recognized that "there will inevitably be glitches with respect to the delivery of captioning", but that "the rule should be full captioning". In a negotiated settlement to avoid appealing the ruling to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Canada" title="Federal Court of Canada">Federal Court of Canada</a>, the CBC agreed to commence 100% captioning on CBC Television and Newsworld beginning November 1, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> CBC Television and Newsworld are the only broadcasters in the world required to caption the entire broadcast day. However, published evidence asserts that CBC is not providing the 100% captioning ordered by the Tribunal.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2004, Canadian retired senator <a href="/wiki/Jean-Robert_Gauthier" title="Jean-Robert Gauthier">Jean-Robert Gauthier</a>, a hard-of-hearing person, filed a complaint with the CHRC against Radio-Canada concerning captioning, particularly the absence of real-time captioning on newscasts and other live programming. As part of the settlement process, Radio-Canada agreed to submit a report on the state of captioning, especially real-time captioning, on Radio-Canada and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_l%27information" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau de l'information">RDI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The report, which was the subject of some criticism, proposed an arrangement with <a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9_coll%C3%A9giale" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cité collégiale">Cité Collégiale</a>, a college in Ottawa, to train more French-language real-time captioners.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> English-language <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian specialty services">specialty networks</a> owned or co-owned by CBC, including <a href="/wiki/Documentary_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentary (TV channel)">documentary</a>, have the lower captioning requirements typical of larger Canadian broadcasters (90% of the broadcast day by the end of both networks' licence terms).<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/ARTV" class="mw-redirect" title="ARTV">ARTV</a>, the French-language specialty network co-owned by CBC, has a minimum captioning requirement of 53%.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_Radio-Canada_rebranding">2013 Radio-Canada rebranding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: 2013 Radio-Canada rebranding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On June 5, 2013, the CBC announced that it would be phasing out the Radio-Canada brand from its French-language broadcast properties, and unifying them under names prefixed with "Ici" ('this is' or literally 'here'). For instance, the CBC planned to re-brand <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_de_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision de Radio-Canada">Télévision de Radio-Canada</a> as "Ici Télé", <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Cha%C3%AEne" class="mw-redirect" title="Première Chaîne">Première Chaîne</a> as "Ici Première", and move its French-language website from <a href="/wiki/Radio-Canada.ca" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio-Canada.ca">Radio-Canada.ca</a> to ici.ca. Radio-Canada vice-president <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lalande" title="Louis Lalande">Louis Lalande</a> stated that the new name complemented its multi-platform operations, while also serving as an homage to the broadcaster's historic <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">station identification</a> slogan since the 1930s, "ici Radio-Canada" ('this is Radio-Canada').<a href="#cite_note-cp-frenchnewname-153">[153]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg/220px-ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="59"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg/220px-ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg/330px-ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg/440px-ICI_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Logo for <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a>, the corporation's French-language radio network</figcaption></figure> The announcement was criticized by politicians (such as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Minister of Canadian Heritage">Minister of Canadian Heritage</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Moore (Canadian politician)">James Moore</a>), who felt that the new "Ici" brand was too confusing, and that the CBC was diminishing the value of the Radio-Canada name through its plans to downplay it. The re-branding was also criticized for being unnecessary spending, reportedly costing $400,000, in the midst of budget cuts at the CBC.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> On June 10, in response to the criticism, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lacroix" title="Hubert Lacroix">Hubert Lacroix</a> apologized for the decision and announced that the new brands for its main radio and television networks would be revised to restore the Radio-Canada name alongside Ici, such as "Ici Radio-Canada Première".<a href="#cite_note-cbc-ici-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-gandm-icidropped-156">[156]</a> In March 2013, the CBC also filed a <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> lawsuit against Sam Norouzi, founder of <a href="/wiki/CFHD-DT" title="CFHD-DT">CFHD-DT</a>—a new multicultural station in Montreal—seeking to have Norouzi's registration on the name "ICI" (as an abbreviation of "International Channel/Canal International") cancelled because it was too similar to its own "Ici"-related trademarks. Despite Norouzi's trademark having been registered prior to the registration of CBC's, the corporation argued that Norouzi's application contained incorrect information surrounding his first use of the name in commerce, and also asserted the long-time use of "Ici Radio-Canada" as part of its imaging. Norouzi stated that he planned to fight the CBC in court.<a href="#cite_note-gazette-icitrademark-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspension_of_local_newscasts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Suspension of local newscasts during the COVID-19 pandemic</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Suspension of local newscasts during the COVID-19 pandemic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On March 18, 2020, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, CBC News suspended all of its English-language <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television_local_newscasts" title="CBC Television local newscasts">local newscasts</a> (excluding those carried by <a href="/wiki/CBC_North" title="CBC North">CBC North</a>, which include an English-language newscast and a second in <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>), replacing them in their time slots with <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcasts</a> of <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> The CBC stated that this was done in order to pool its local resources to CBC News Network as a "core news offering".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> An employee memo suggested that a lack of staff at the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Centre" title="Canadian Broadcasting Centre">Canadian Broadcasting Centre</a> and "much stricter newsgathering protocols" were another factor in the decision.<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> CBC News editor-in-chief Brodie Fenlon similarly stated that the broadcaster had decided to consolidate news production because their outbreak had "place[d] incredible demands on our staff and our infrastructure", and not all jobs associated with television production were capable of being done remotely.<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> These consolidations only affect news programming on CBC Television; <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a> have continued to carry local content.<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> The CBC's decision faced criticism for its lack of clear justification, and resulting reduction of local news coverage during a major news event—especially in markets where CBC's local newscasts are the only news programming specific to the region (such as <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, which resulted in criticism of the move by <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Premier of Prince Edward Island">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_King_(politician)" title="Dennis King (politician)">Dennis King</a>).<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Media_Guild" title="Canadian Media Guild">Canadian Media Guild</a> stated that the decision "flies in the face of past experience which has proven time and again that in times of significant events, Canadians trust and rely on CBC news coverage, particularly for its widespread coverage of regional and local impact, something no other Canadian network can match".<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a> media writer Steve Faguy questioned whether this change was in compliance with the individual stations' CRTC licences, as all CBC stations are required to produce local newscasts daily, and a minimum amount of local programming per-week.<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[160]</a> In an editorial for <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>, former CTV News president <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hurst_(broadcaster)" title="Robert Hurst (broadcaster)">Robert Hurst</a> stated that it was unusual for a journalistic operation to cut back on its operations during a crisis, and suggested that decision was the culmination of "decades of CBC News mismanagement" and low ratings in comparison to competitors (such as CTV, Global, and Citytv) in most markets.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The Toronto Star similarly wrote that the CBC had "decided to bail on local communities across the country".<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On March 24, the CBC announced that it would introduce "an expanded 30-minute local news segment on CBC News Network" beginning March 25, and would "make every effort to have all of the dedicated local shows back up on the main network".<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CBC_Tandem_and_branded_content">CBC Tandem and branded content</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: CBC Tandem and branded content" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since 2016, the CBC has utilized <a href="/wiki/Branded_content" title="Branded content">branded content</a>, publishing advertisements that are designed to look, read or sound similarly to news produced by the CBC itself.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-166">[166]</a> In 2020 the CBC formally launched a division called Tandem that focused its branded content marketing efforts, promising corporate clients they can "leverage" the CBC's reputation by aligning their message with the "trust Canadians have in our brand". Over 500 current and former employees called on CBC management to end Tandem, saying "in an era of 'fake news', where misinformation is already rife, it undermines trust ... what's worse, it uses [Canadians'] tax dollars to do it."<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In November 2020 former employees requested that the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> investigate Tandem as part of the public broadcaster's upcoming licence renewal, concerned the content blurs the lines between advertising and news, adding that "Canadians have a right to a national public broadcaster that puts their news and information needs ahead of the desires of corporate clients."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Private sector media criticized the CBC's ability to dominate the Canadian advertising market, using tax-funded subsidies to unfairly compete with local newspapers and broadcasters, driving them out of business.<a href="#cite_note-CRTC_2022-169">[169]</a> CBC President and CEO Catherine Tait states that the CBC has since put "guardrails" in place that will ensure there is no confusion between CBC journalism and commercial advertising.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-166">[166]</a> The CRTC integrated its investigation of Tandem into its hearings on the renewal of CBC's federal broadcast licences, ultimately renewing the CBC's licence from 2022 to 2027 and approving the Tandem program. The CRTC required that the CBC must establish, maintain, and publicize their guidelines on branded content as well as measure whether branded content is confusing to Canadians.<a href="#cite_note-CRTC_2022-169">[169]</a> The CRTC decision has been criticized as allowing the CBC to disregard its mandate as a public broadcaster, transforming into a "publicly funded commercial broadcaster".<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenneth_Muzik_verdict">Kenneth Muzik verdict</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Kenneth Muzik verdict" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On December 15, 2021, Manitoba Bench Justice Herbert Rempel ordered the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to pay investment advisor Kenneth Wayne Muzik nearly $1.7 million in damages for a story it had aired in June 2012 featuring a former client, William Worthington, who complained about the performance of his investment portfolio. Muzik was represented by William Gange of Gange Collins Holloway.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In March 2022, Rempel ordered CBC to pay nearly $300 thousand to cover Muzik's legal fees.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a>. In 2023, the Manitoba court of appeal overturned Rempel's decision, stating that the CBC acted in the public interest when reporting on the investment adviser. "Given the public interest aspect of the story, the CBC performed a satisfactory investigation into the status and reliability of its main source, the Worthingtons," the appeal court decision says. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-appeal-1.7035593">"For the trial judge to dismiss the plaintiff's conduct and his regulatory problems in his assessment of the reputation the plaintiff held at the time of the publication is a failure to give proper effect to relevant evidence,"</a> the appeal court's decision said regarding Justice Rempel's assessment of Muzik's history as an advisor. While the appeal court agreed that the stories were defamatory, it found that the trial judge erred by failing to appreciate that there was a public interest element to the stories, given that they dealt with risks to investors and the regulation of financial planners. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WE_Charity_v._CBC">WE Charity v. CBC</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: WE Charity v. CBC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On February 8, 2022, <a href="/wiki/WE_Charity" title="WE Charity">WE Charity</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>-based affiliate filed a lawsuit against the CBC for defamation.<a href="#cite_note-DefamationLawsuit-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-CanadianLawyer-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ActualMalice-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacer-176">[176]</a> The 230-page complaint was filed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a>, where the case was assigned to <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_judge" class="mw-redirect" title="United States district judge">district judge</a> <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Moss" title="Randolph Moss">Randolph D. Moss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DefamationLawsuit-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacer-176">[176]</a> The lawsuit alleges that, in an hour-long piece for its series <a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Estate_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fifth Estate (TV series)">The Fifth Estate</a>, the CBC broadcast claims by reporters Mark Kelly and Harvey Cashore that the CBC knew to be false, including that WE Charity had exaggerated the number of schoolhouses it had built in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and deceived donors about how their money had been spent. WE Charity accused the CBC of fabricating quotes and using misleading editing to support what WE called a "preconceived narrative".<a href="#cite_note-DefamationLawsuit-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-CanadianLawyer-174">[174]</a> Joe Patrice of the <a href="/wiki/Above_the_Law_(website)" title="Above the Law (website)">Above the Law</a> website, which covers legal news, reviewed the details of the lawsuit and called it a "mirror image" of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Voting_Systems_v._Fox_News_Network" title="Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network">Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ActualMalice-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Voting_Systems" title="Dominion Voting Systems">Dominion Voting Systems</a>, originally a Canadian company, choose to sue <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Network">Fox News Network</a> in the United States, ultimately settling for $787.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-Enrich-178">[178]</a> Similarly, WE Charity, whose American operations are incorporated in <a href="/wiki/Williamsville,_New_York" title="Williamsville, New York">Williamsville, New York</a>, sued the CBC in the United States, in both instances despite the hurdle of the "actual malice" standard established in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Sullivan" title="New York Times Co. v. Sullivan">New York Times Co. v. Sullivan</a>, which is unique to American law and requires that the defendant either knew that or did not care if its representations were false.<a href="#cite_note-ActualMalice-175">[175]</a> Pattrice writes, "The CBC produced segments claiming that the charity misappropriated donor money… it did not."<a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a> On May 4, the CBC's attorneys filed a motion to dismiss the case per forum non conveniens, saying that it would be more appropriately heard before a Canadian court.<a href="#cite_note-DefamationLawsuit-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-CanadianLawyer-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ActualMalice-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacer-176">[176]</a> WE Charity replied on June 10, countering that the CBC's allegations had hindered its fundraising efforts in the United States, where many of its donors are located.<a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacer-176">[176]</a> On June 27, Judge Moss denied the CBC's motion, ruling that the case would proceed in the District Court.<a href="#cite_note-DefamationLawsuit-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-CanadianLawyer-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacer-176">[176]</a> Moss rejected the CBC's assertion that travel from Canada to the United States was unduly burdensome, and held that the relative ease of modern electronic discovery and document transfer between jurisdictions made the existence of documentary evidence in Canada a negligible hurdle to litigation in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a> Patrice suggests that, even ten years prior, the CBC's motion might have succeeded, and sees the decision as an example of how the rise of digital media is revolutionizing the legal profession.<a href="#cite_note-ForumNonMotion-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twitter_label_controversy">Twitter label controversy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Twitter label controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On April 17, 2023, the main CBC account on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> was labeled as "government-funded media". In response, CBC announced they would cease its usage of Twitter, similarly to <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> after the initial <a href="/wiki/NPR#Twitter_controversy" title="NPR">controversy</a> surrounding <a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Elon Musk's decisions as Twitter CEO</a>. Later, Elon Musk tweeted that in response to CBC's claim that they were "less than 70% government-funded", Twitter was changing the label to "69% government-funded media".<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> According to the CBC annual revenue report, 70.6% of revenue came from parliamentary spending in 2019–2020, while 65.6% of revenue came in 2021–2022, and 66.7% came in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On May 9, 2023, the CBC announced that it would resume partial activity on some of its Twitter accounts.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.broadcasting-history.ca&rft.atitle=CBC+Radio-Canada+French+Radio+Network+%7C+History+of+Canadian+Broadcasting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcasting-history.ca%2Flisting_and_histories%2Fcbc-radio-canada-french-radio-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/your-public-broadcaster/history">"CBC Through the Years"</a>. cbc.radio-canada.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101225251/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/your-public-broadcaster/history">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.radio-canada.ca&rft.atitle=CBC+Through+the+Years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbc.radio-canada.ca%2Fen%2Fyour-public-broadcaster%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/cbc-makes-its-first-television-broadcast/">"CBC makes its first television broadcast"</a>. Your Museum. Your Stories. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152101/https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/cbc-makes-its-first-television-broadcast/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Museum.+Your+Stories.&rft.atitle=CBC+makes+its+first+television+broadcast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historymuseum.ca%2Fblog%2Fcbc-makes-its-first-television-broadcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1952-cbc-television-debuts">"CBC MAKES ITS FIRST TELEVISION BROADCAST"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928122916/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1952-cbc-television-debuts">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBC+MAKES+ITS+FIRST+TELEVISION+BROADCAST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fentry%2F1952-cbc-television-debuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/television/cbc-television-network">"CBC Television Network | History of Canadian Broadcasting"</a>. www.broadcasting-history.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152100/https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/television/cbc-television-network">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.broadcasting-history.ca&rft.atitle=CBC+Television+Network+%7C+History+of+Canadian+Broadcasting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcasting-history.ca%2Flisting_and_histories%2Ftelevision%2Fcbc-television-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorontoist2008" class="citation web cs1">Torontoist (September 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontoist.com/2008/09/historicist_television_comes_to_tor/">"Historicist: Television Comes to Toronto"</a>. Torontoist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152051/https://torontoist.com/2008/09/historicist_television_comes_to_tor/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Torontoist&rft.atitle=Historicist%3A+Television+Comes+to+Toronto&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft.au=Torontoist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontoist.com%2F2008%2F09%2Fhistoricist_television_comes_to_tor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2013/06/14/cbc_tvs_the_forest_rangers_celebrates_50th_anniversary.html">"CBC TV's The Forest Rangers celebrates 50th anniversary"</a>. thestar.com. June 14, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152050/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2013/06/14/cbc_tvs_the_forest_rangers_celebrates_50th_anniversary.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=CBC+TV%27s+The+Forest+Rangers+celebrates+50th+anniversary&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftelevision%2F2013%2F06%2F14%2Fcbc_tvs_the_forest_rangers_celebrates_50th_anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/cbc-in-living-colour">"CBC in living colour – CBC Archives"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507041629/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/cbc-in-living-colour">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+in+living+colour+%E2%80%93+CBC+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fentry%2Fcbc-in-living-colour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational2016" class="citation web cs1">International, Radio Canada (September 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/09/06/history-television-begins-in-canada-sept-06-1952/">"History: Television begins in Canada, Sept.06, 1952"</a>. RCI | English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152051/https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/09/06/history-television-begins-in-canada-sept-06-1952/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RCI+%7C+English&rft.atitle=History%3A+Television+begins+in+Canada%2C+Sept.06%2C+1952&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.aulast=International&rft.aufirst=Radio+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcinet.ca%2Fen%2F2016%2F09%2F06%2Fhistory-television-begins-in-canada-sept-06-1952%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosaic2015" class="citation book cs1">Mosaic, Taras (2015). The ever-shrinking world of public broadcasting.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ever-shrinking+world+of+public+broadcasting&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Mosaic&rft.aufirst=Taras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TV_north_of_60-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TV_north_of_60_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TV_north_of_60_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2017" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Lorna (September 27, 2017). "Television Broadcasting North of 60". In D'Haenens, Leen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/uop/1433">Images of Canadianness: Visions on Canada's Politics, Culture, and Economics</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa_Press" title="University of Ottawa Press">University of Ottawa Press</a>. pp. 147–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-2709-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7766-2709-0"><bdi>978-0-7766-2709-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418143723/https://books.openedition.org/uop/1433">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Television+Broadcasting+North+of+60&rft.btitle=Images+of+Canadianness%3A+Visions+on+Canada%27s+Politics%2C+Culture%2C+and+Economics&rft.pages=147-166&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.isbn=978-0-7766-2709-0&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fuop%2F1433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Hunter, Gordon (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/2813/">Native communications in Canada uses of and access to the broadcast media in the 1970s</a> (PDF) (M.A.). University of Windsor (Canada). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317032020/https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/2813/">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Native+communications+in+Canada+uses+of+and+access+to+the+broadcast+media+in+the+1970s.&rft.inst=University+of+Windsor+%28Canada%29&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.uwindsor.ca%2Fetd%2F2813%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2005" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Lorna (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somethingnewinai0000roth">Something New in the Air: The Story of First Peoples Television Broadcasting in Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7244-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7244-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-7244-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/243600946">243600946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+New+in+the+Air%3A+The+Story+of+First+Peoples+Television+Broadcasting+in+Canada&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F243600946&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7244-7&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomethingnewinai0000roth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122664932/whitehorse-cbc-tv-station-to-sign-on/">"Now It's Tuesday For CBC TV"</a>. Whitehorse Daily Star. November 21, 1968. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411102428/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122664932/whitehorse-cbc-tv-station-to-sign-on/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Whitehorse+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Now+It%27s+Tuesday+For+CBC+TV&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1968-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F122664932%2Fwhitehorse-cbc-tv-station-to-sign-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anik_live_tv-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anik_live_tv_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anik_live_tv_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121169452/live-tv-to-come-to-northern-canada/">"First live TV broadcasting due in North via satellite"</a>. The Vancouver Sun. February 2, 1973. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319055439/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121169452/live-tv-to-come-to-northern-canada/">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=First+live+TV+broadcasting+due+in+North+via+satellite&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1973-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F121169452%2Flive-tv-to-come-to-northern-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TV_survey_1973-26"><a href="#cite_ref-TV_survey_1973_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121174354/live-tv-comes-to-whitehorse/">"A TV Survey of the Yukon, NWT, Nfld and Northern Quebec"</a>. Whitehorse Daily Star. February 7, 1973. p. 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331065207/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121174354/live-tv-comes-to-whitehorse/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved March 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Whitehorse+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=A+TV+Survey+of+the+Yukon%2C+NWT%2C+Nfld+and+Northern+Quebec&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1973-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F121174354%2Flive-tv-comes-to-whitehorse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume1973" class="citation news cs1">Hume, Steve (January 15, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122668079/remote-outposts-linked-by-phone/">"Remote outposts linked by phone"</a>. Edmonton Journal. p. 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411102426/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122668079/remote-outposts-linked-by-phone/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Journal&rft.atitle=Remote+outposts+linked+by+phone&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1973-01-15&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F122668079%2Fremote-outposts-linked-by-phone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.library.upei.ca/govdocs/CBC/BC1-1980.pdf">"Annual Report 1979–1980"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved December 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBC-TV%2C+TVO+end+analog+transmission&rft.pub=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fentertainment%2Fcbc-tv-tvo-end-analog-transmission-1.1145615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hasham-33"><a href="#cite_ref-hasham_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasham2016" class="citation news cs1">Hasham, Alyshah (January 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/10/31/cbc_fired_jian_ghomeshi_after_seeing_graphic_evidence_internal_memo.html">"CBC fired Jian Ghomeshi after seeing 'graphic evidence': internal memo"</a>. Toronto Star. 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Global News. Corus Entertainment Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503123637/http://globalnews.ca/news/1942580/cbc-apologizes-for-inappropriate-behaviour-in-wake-of-jian-ghomeshi-report/">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016. <q>The fallout from the downfall of one of CBC's biggest stars hit the corporation hard on Wednesday. An independent report found managers at the CBC knew about Jian Ghomeshi's abusive behaviour at work, but did nothing to stop it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=CBC+management+condoned+Jian+Ghomeshi%27s+behaviour%3A+report&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F1942580%2Fcbc-apologizes-for-inappropriate-behaviour-in-wake-of-jian-ghomeshi-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-apology-35"><a href="#cite_ref-apology_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2016" class="citation web cs1">Fraser, Laura (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/jian-ghomeshi-trial-peace-bond-1.3575912">"Jian Ghomeshi trial: Former CBC radio host signs peace bond, Crown drops sex assault charge"</a>. 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Retrieved January 3, 2020. <q>"No workplace friendship or creative environment excuses this sort of behaviour, especially when there's a power imbalance as there was with Ms. Borel", Ghomeshi told the court.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jian+Ghomeshi+trial%3A+Former+CBC+radio+host+signs+peace+bond%2C+Crown+drops+sex+assault+charge&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fjian-ghomeshi-trial-peace-bond-1.3575912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blacbc-36"><a href="#cite_ref-blacbc_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/cbc-apology-kathryn-borel-ghomeshi-peace-bond-1.3577223">"CBC apologizes to Kathryn Borel over handling of Jian Ghomeshi complaint"</a>. 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Retrieved January 3, 2020. <q>Circumstances around Ghomeshi complaint 'should never have happened', CBC says</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBC+apologizes+to+Kathryn+Borel+over+handling+of+Jian+Ghomeshi+complaint&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fcbc-apology-kathryn-borel-ghomeshi-peace-bond-1.3577223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ct680-37"><a href="#cite_ref-ct680_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.680news.com/2016/05/11/full-text-cbc-statement-on-kathryn-borel-and-ghomeshi-scandal/">"Full text: CBC statement on Kathryn Borel and Ghomeshi scandal"</a>. 680 News. Rogers Digital Media. 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We are responding to complaints with renewed discipline and rigour, and learning from the data to improve prevention and early resolution.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=680+News&rft.atitle=Full+text%3A+CBC+statement+on+Kathryn+Borel+and+Ghomeshi+scandal&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.680news.com%2F2016%2F05%2F11%2Ffull-text-cbc-statement-on-kathryn-borel-and-ghomeshi-scandal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallant2016" class="citation news cs1">Gallant, Jacques (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2016/05/11/much-more-change-seen-needed-at-cbc-in-jian-ghomeshis-wake.html">"Much more change seen as needed at CBC in Jian Ghomeshi's wake"</a>. 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Retrieved January 3, 2020. <q>This distorted and biased attack on our public health care system aired twice on the CBC in December, during the second week of the federal election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mediacheck%3A+Behind+the+CBC%27s+Hit+Piece+on+Medicare&rft.pub=The+Tyee&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft.aulast=Gutstein&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetyee.ca%2FMediacheck%2F2006%2F01%2F06%2FCBCHitPiece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NP_Column-126"><a href="#cite_ref-NP_Column_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.financialpost.com/fp-comment/cbc-not-the-publics-broadcaster-after-all">"CBC: Not the public's broadcaster after all"</a>. National Post. 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Retrieved March 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=CBC%3A+Not+the+public%27s+broadcaster+after+all&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.financialpost.com%2Ffp-comment%2Fcbc-not-the-publics-broadcaster-after-all&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NP_Bias-127"><a href="#cite_ref-NP_Bias_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2015" class="citation news cs1">Hopper, Tristan (September 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/cbc-tries-to-hide-its-happy-face-as-liberals-and-ndp-vow-to-pump-up-funding-for-public-broadcaster">"CBC tries to hide its happy face as Liberals and NDP vow to pump up funding for public broadcaster"</a>. 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Retrieved September 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+News+Media+And+%22Fake+News%22+Under+A+Microscope&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabacusdata.ca%2Fcanadian-news-media-and-fake-news-under-a-microscope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipolitics.ca/2017/04/29/survey-finds-24-million-canadians-say-theyve-read-fake-news-stories/">"Survey suggests large number of Canadians have likely read 'fake' news stories"</a>. 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Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Quick+Reversal+for+Plan+to+Rename+Canadian+Broadcaster&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fquick-reversal-for-plan-to-rename-canadian-broadcaster.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhearn" class="citation web cs1">Ahearn, Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200319045715/https://www.tricitynews.com/cbc-temporarily-scraps-local-tv-newscasts-except-for-the-north-due-to-covid-19-1.24100574">"CBC temporarily scraps local TV newscasts, except for the North, due to COVID-19"</a>. 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Retrieved March 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBC+temporarily+replaces+local+evening+TV+news+amid+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcbc-tvnews-changes-coronavirus-1.5501512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/pei-premier-incredibly-disappointed-in-suspension-of-local-cbc-news-programming-426065/">"P.E.I. premier 'incredibly disappointed' in suspension of local CBC news programming"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200319045741/https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/pei-premier-incredibly-disappointed-in-suspension-of-local-cbc-news-programming-426065/">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=P.E.I.+premier+%27incredibly+disappointed%27+in+suspension+of+local+CBC+news+programming&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.pe.ca%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpei-premier-incredibly-disappointed-in-suspension-of-local-cbc-news-programming-426065%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-closure-of-local-newscasts-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis-is-a/">"CBC's closure of local newscasts amid the coronavirus crisis is a shame"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200323001842/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-closure-of-local-newscasts-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis-is-a/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=CBC%27s+closure+of+local+newscasts+amid+the+coronavirus+crisis+is+a+shame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Ftelevision%2Farticle-cbcs-closure-of-local-newscasts-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis-is-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2020/03/19/cbc-shouldnt-shut-local-news-shows-in-a-time-of-crisis.html">"CBC shouldn't shut local news shows in a time of crisis"</a>. Toronto Star. 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Retrieved March 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=CBC+shouldn%27t+shut+local+news+shows+in+a+time+of+crisis&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2F2020%2F03%2F19%2Fcbc-shouldnt-shut-local-news-shows-in-a-time-of-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-march-24-2020-1.5507880/we-totally-understand-the-frustration-cbc-president-defends-local-tv-news-suspension-amid-pandemic-1.5508146">"'We totally understand the frustration': CBC president defends local TV news suspension amid pandemic"</a>. CBC Radio. March 24, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160544/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-march-24-2020-1.5507880/we-totally-understand-the-frustration-cbc-president-defends-local-tv-news-suspension-amid-pandemic-1.5508146">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2020. 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CBC News. January 15, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905032448/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/crtc-cbc-tandem-hearing-branded-content-1.5875081">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=CRTC+peppers+CBC+with+questions+about+plans+for+controversial+branded+content&rft.date=2021-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcrtc-cbc-tandem-hearing-branded-content-1.5875081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905032448/https://www.stoppaidcontentoncbc.ca/open-letter">"An Open Letter to Canadians from CBC Journalists"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stoppaidcontentoncbc.ca/open-letter">the original</a> on September 5, 2021. 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June 22, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703172031/https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2022/2022-165.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2022. Retrieved July 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Radio-television+and+Telecommunications+Commission&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+Decision+CRTC+2022-165+and+Broadcasting+Orders+CRTC+2022-166+and+2022-167&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrtc.gc.ca%2Feng%2Farchive%2F2022%2F2022-165.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cbc-doesnt-want-to-be-a-cherished-public-broadcaster/">"CBC doesn't want to be a cherished public broadcaster"</a>. The Globe and Mail. June 28, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706095503/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cbc-doesnt-want-to-be-a-cherished-public-broadcaster/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2022. 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December 23, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824194005/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6296600">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Judge+orders+CBC+to+pay+nearly+%241.7M+in+defamation+case&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fkenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6296600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6393769">"Manitoba judge orders CBC to pay $295K in defamation case court costs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcast_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Broadcast Corporation">CBC News</a>. 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Canadian Lawyer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Lawyer&rft.atitle=US+District+Court+refuses+to+dismiss+defamation+lawsuit+against+Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft.aulast=Dino&rft.aufirst=Angelica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianlawyermag.com%2Fpractice-areas%2Flitigation%2Fus-district-court-refuses-to-dismiss-defamation-lawsuit-against-canadian-broadcasting-corporation%2F377828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ActualMalice-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ActualMalice_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ActualMalice_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ActualMalice_175-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ActualMalice_175-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrice2023" class="citation news cs1">Patrice, Joe (April 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abovethelaw.com/2023/04/fox-news-defamation-cbc-actual-malice/">"'Actual Malice' Standard Didn't Stop Dominion From Suing Fox News Because Sometimes Networks Leave Whole Paper Trails Of Malice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Above_the_Law_(website)" title="Above the Law (website)">Above the Law</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Above+the+Law&rft.atitle=%27Actual+Malice%27+Standard+Didn%27t+Stop+Dominion+From+Suing+Fox+News+Because+Sometimes+Networks+Leave+Whole+Paper+Trails+Of+Malice&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Patrice&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabovethelaw.com%2F2023%2F04%2Ffox-news-defamation-cbc-actual-malice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pacer-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pacer_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacer_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacer_176-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacer_176-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacer_176-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/43488254/WE_CHARITY_v_CANADIAN_BROADCASTING_CORPORATION">"WE CHARITY v. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418051541/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trudeau-rival-clash-over-twitter-labeling-cbc-government-funded-2023-04-17/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada+public+broadcaster%27s+Twitter+account+labeled+%2769%25+Government-funded+Media%27&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Scherer&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Ftrudeau-rival-clash-over-twitter-labeling-cbc-government-funded-2023-04-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2023" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (April 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/justin-trudeau-pierre-poilievre-twitter-cbc">"Canada's CBC'pauses'Twitter use after government-funded media label"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418035005/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/justin-trudeau-pierre-poilievre-twitter-cbc">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023. 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Retrieved April 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=2019-2020+Annual+Report+-+Revenue+and+Other+Sources+of+Funds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbc.radio-canada.ca%2Fen%2Fimpact-and-accountability%2Ffinances%2Fannual-reports%2Far-2019-2020%2Ffinancial-sustainability%2Frevenue-and-other-funds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2021-2022/financial-sustainability/revenue-and-other-funds">"2021-2022 Annual Report - Revenue and Other Sources of Funds"</a>. CBC. 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August 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=FINANCIAL+HIGHLIGHTS&rft.date=2024-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsite-cbc.radio-canada.ca%2Fdocuments%2Fimpact-and-accountability%2Ffinances%2F2023%2F2022-2023-Annual-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian2023" class="citation news cs1">Canadian, Press (May 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/business/2023/05/09/cbc-resumes-activity-on-some-of-its-twitter-accounts-after-hitting-pause-over-labels.html">"CBC resumes activity on some of its Twitter accounts after hitting pause over labels"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved June 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=CBC+resumes+activity+on+some+of+its+Twitter+accounts+after+hitting+pause+over+labels&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft.aulast=Canadian&rft.aufirst=Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F05%2F09%2Fcbc-resumes-activity-on-some-of-its-twitter-accounts-after-hitting-pause-over-labels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li>Allen, Gene, and Daniel J. Robinson, eds. Communicating in Canada's Past: Essays in Media History (University of Toronto Press, 2009)</li> <li>Graham, Sean. "A Canadian Network? The CBC and Television, 1936–1939". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (2014) pp: 1–19.</li> <li>Ménard, Marion. CBC/Radio-Canada: Overview and Key Issues (Library of Parliament publication No. 2013-92; 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104202444/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2013-92-e.pdf">online</a>; 11 pages</li> <li>Murray, Gil. Nothing on but the radio: a look back at radio in Canada and how it changed the world (Dundurn, 2003); Popular history</li> <li>Peers, Frank W. The politics of Canadian broadcasting, 1920–1951 (University of Toronto Press, 1969)</li> <li>Taras, David. Digital Mosaic: Media, Power, and Identity in Canada (University of Toronto Press, 2015)</li> <li>Teer-Tomaselli, Ruth. "Empire and broadcasting in the interwar years: towards a consideration of public broadcasting in the British dominions". Critical Arts (2015) 29#1 pp: 77–93.</li> <li>Weir, Earnest Austin. The struggle for national broadcasting in Canada (McClelland and Stewart, 1965)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Primary sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bird, Roger, ed. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V37OAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">Documents of Canadian Broadcasting</a>. MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773580893" title="Special:BookSources/9780773580893"><bdi>9780773580893</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+of+Canadian+Broadcasting&rft.pub=MQUP&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780773580893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV37OAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_French">In French</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: In French" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Bergeron, Raymonde, and Marcelle Ouellette. Voix, visages et legends: Radio-Canada 1936–1986. Montreal, Que.: Entreprises Radio-Canada, 1986. N.B.: The subtitle appears on front cover. 256 p., ill. with b&w ports. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88794-328-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88794-328-4">0-88794-328-4</a></li> <li>Witmer, Glenn Edward, and Jacques Chaput, eds. 50 [i.e. Cinquante] ans de radio: Radio-Canada, 1936–1986. Montreal, Que.: Entreprises Radio-Canada, 1986. 47 p., amply ill., chiefly with b&w photos.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيئة الإذاعة الكندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة الإذاعة الكندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="কানাডিয়ান ব্রডকাস্টিং কর্পোরেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানাডিয়ান ব্রডকাস্টিং কর্পোরেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Канейдиън Броудкастинг Корпърейшън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Канейдиън Броудкастинг Корпърейшън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سی‌بی‌سی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سی‌بی‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Radio-Canada" title="Société Radio-Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Société Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1_%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="캐나다 방송 협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 방송 협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Radio-Canada" title="Société Radio-Canada – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Société Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC" title="CBC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="CBC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_(azienda)" title="CBC (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="CBC (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanados_televizijos_ir_radijo_transliacijos_korporacija" title="Kanados televizijos ir radijo transliacijos korporacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanados televizijos ir radijo transliacijos korporacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbadanan_Penyiaran_Kanada" title="Perbadanan Penyiaran Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perbadanan Penyiaran Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="カナダ放送協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ放送協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੈਨੇਡੀਅਨ ਬਰਾਡਕਾਸਟਿੰਗ ਕਾਰਪੋਰੇਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਨੇਡੀਅਨ ਬਰਾਡਕਾਸਟਿੰਗ ਕਾਰਪੋਰੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC/Radio-Canada" title="CBC/Radio-Canada – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="CBC/Radio-Canada" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Канадская телерадиовещательная корпорация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канадская телерадиовещательная корпорация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سی بی سی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سی بی سی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Канадска радиодифузна корпорација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Канадска радиодифузна корпорација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC" title="CBC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="CBC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கனடிய ஒலிபரப்பு கூட்டுத்தாபனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடிய ஒலிபரப்பு கூட்டுத்தாபனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96-%D0%91%D1%96-%D0%A1%D1%96" title="Сі-Бі-Сі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сі-Бі-Сі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="کینیڈیائی نشریاتی ادارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینیڈیائی نشریاتی ادارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="加拿大广播公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加拿大广播公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC" title="CBC – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="CBC" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="加拿大廣播公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加拿大廣播公司" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="加拿大廣播公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大廣播公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 14:50 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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