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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Гл._таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гл._таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Гл. таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гл._таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Пазваночнік</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 119 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werwelkolom" title="Werwelkolom – афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Werwelkolom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbels%C3%A4ule" title="Wirbelsäule – швейцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wirbelsäule" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%B5" title="ደንደስ – амхарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደንደስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="عمود فقري – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمود فقري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܥܡܘܕܐ ܦܩܪܝܐ – арамейская" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܡܘܕܐ ܦܩܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototokwakan" title="Ototokwakan – атыкамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ototokwakan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атыкамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Мугъзагьод – аварская" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Мугъзагьод" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikhani_k%27ili" title="Jikhani k'ili – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jikhani k'ili" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onur%C4%9Fa_s%C3%BCtunu" title="Onurğa sütunu – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Onurğa sütunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88" title="اونورغا سوتونو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اونورغا سوتونو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Хрыбетнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хрыбетнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B1" title="Гръбначен стълб – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръбначен стълб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="মেরুদণ্ড – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেরুদণ্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwalenn_ar_c%27hein" title="Gwalenn ar c'hein – брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwalenn ar c'hein" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dma" title="Kičma – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kičma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9k-t%C3%B9i" title="Cék-tùi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cék-tùi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%95%D8%A8%DA%95%DB%95" title="بڕبڕە – цэнтральнакурдская" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڕبڕە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1te%C5%99" title="Páteř – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Páteř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Çурăм туни – чувашская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурăм туни" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgwrn_cefn" title="Asgwrn cefn – валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asgwrn cefn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rygs%C3%B8jle" title="Rygsøjle – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rygsøjle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbels%C3%A4ule" title="Wirbelsäule – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirbelsäule" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Σπονδυλική στήλη – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπονδυλική στήλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vertebral column" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebraro" title="Vertebraro – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vertebraro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selgroog" title="Selgroog – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Selgroog" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkarrezur" title="Bizkarrezur – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizkarrezur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="ستون مهره‌ها – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ستون مهره‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selk%C3%A4ranka" title="Selkäranka – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selkäranka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4lgruuts" title="Sälgruuts – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sälgruuts" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonne_vert%C3%A9brale" title="Colonne vertébrale – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonne vertébrale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wringe_(r%C3%AAchbonke)" title="Wringe (rêchbonke) – заходняя фрызская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wringe (rêchbonke)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%BAn_veirteabrach" title="Colún veirteabrach – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Colún veirteabrach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atukupe_kangue_rys%C3%BDi" title="Atukupe kangue rysýi – гуарані" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Atukupe kangue rysýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарані" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poi-n%C3%B2ng-kut" title="Poi-nòng-kut – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Poi-nòng-kut" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="עמוד השדרה – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד השדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="मेरूदण्ड – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेरूदण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralje%C5%BEnica" title="Kralježnica – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kralježnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerinc" title="Gerinc – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerinc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ողնաշար – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ողնաշար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral – інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Columna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koluma_vertebra" title="Koluma vertebra – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koluma vertebra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino" title="Spino – іда" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Spino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="іда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hryggs%C3%BAla" title="Hryggsúla – ісландская" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hryggsúla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonna_vertebrale" title="Colonna vertebrale – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonna vertebrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E" title="脊椎 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脊椎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ხერხემალი – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხერხემალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajgu_n_uzagur" title="Ajgu n uzagur – кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ajgu n uzagur" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Омыртқа бағанасы – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Омыртқа бағанасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಬೆನ್ನುಮೂಳೆ – канада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆನ್ನುಮೂಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%B6%94" title="척추 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척추" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê – курдская" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Birrbirreya piştê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сюрса лы – комі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сюрса лы" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="комі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellkeyn" title="Mellkeyn – корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mellkeyn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columna_vertebralis" title="Columna vertebralis – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Columna vertebralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ckstrank" title="Réckstrank – люксембургская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Réckstrank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D3%80" title="БархӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="БархӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokesa" title="Mokesa – лінгала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokesa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuburas" title="Stuburas – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stuburas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugurkauls" title="Mugurkauls – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mugurkauls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Карязбакарсь – макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Карязбакарсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazondamosina" title="Hazondamosina – малагасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hazondamosina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%D0%A0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1" title="‘Рбетен столб – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="‘Рбетен столб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D" title="നട്ടെല്ല് – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നട്ടെല്ല്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Нугалам нуруу – мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нугалам нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turus_ruas_tulang_belakang" title="Turus ruas tulang belakang – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turus ruas tulang belakang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="پشت‌مرزی – мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پشت‌مرزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="मेरुदण्ड – непальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मेरुदण्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wervelkolom" title="Wervelkolom – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wervelkolom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggs%C3%B8yle" title="Ryggsøyle – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ryggsøyle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggs%C3%B8yle" title="Ryggsøyle – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ryggsøyle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colomna_vertebrala" title="Colomna vertebrala – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colomna vertebrala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A9%9C_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੀੜ ਦੀ ਹੱਡੀ – панджабі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੀੜ ਦੀ ਹੱਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galudgud" title="Galudgud – пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Galudgud" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%99gos%C5%82up" title="Kręgosłup – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kręgosłup" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%91" title="کنگریڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنگریڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluna_vertebral" title="Coluna vertebral – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coluna vertebral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasa_tullu" title="Wasa tullu – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasa tullu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloan%C4%83_vertebral%C4%83" title="Coloană vertebrală – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coloană vertebrală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Позвоночник – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Позвоночник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%83" title="कशेरुः – санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कशेरुः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutruzzu" title="Cutruzzu – сіцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cutruzzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сіцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rig-bane" title="Rig-bane – шатландская" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rig-bane" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88" title="ڪرنگھو – сіндхі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرنگھو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dma" title="Kičma – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kičma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="කශේරුව – сінгальская" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කශේරුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сінгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spine" title="Spine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrbtica" title="Chrbtica – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chrbtica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrbtenica" title="Hrbtenica – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hrbtenica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafdhabar_(yadhax)" title="Lafdhabar (yadhax) – самалі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lafdhabar (yadhax)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtylla_kurrizore" title="Shtylla kurrizore – албанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtylla kurrizore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кичма – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кичма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_tonggong" title="Tulang tonggong – сунда" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tulang tonggong" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggrad" title="Ryggrad – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryggrad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uti_wa_mgongo" title="Uti wa mgongo – суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uti wa mgongo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="முள்ளந்தண்டு நிரல் – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முள்ளந்தண்டு நிரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95" title="వెన్నెముక – тэлугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెన్నెముక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сутунмуҳра – таджыкская" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сутунмуҳра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыкская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="กระดูกสันหลัง – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดูกสันหลัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulugod" title="Gulugod – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gulugod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omurga" title="Omurga – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omurga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ئومۇرتقا – уйгурская" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئومۇرتقا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хребет – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хребет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%91%DA%BE_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ریڑھ کی ہڈی – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڑھ کی ہڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umurtqa_pog%CA%BBonasi" title="Umurtqa pogʻonasi – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Umurtqa pogʻonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99t_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Cột sống – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cột sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schene_(antomeye)" title="Schene (antomeye) – валонская" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Schene (antomeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut%C3%B3gut%C3%B3" title="Gutógutó – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gutógutó" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E" title="脊椎 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脊椎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="רוקן ביין – ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוקן ביין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoksaen" title="Ndoksaen – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndoksaen" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%9F%B1" title="脊柱 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脊柱" data-language-autonym="中文" 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4261388">.mw-parser-output .ts-Універсальная_картка-original{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Універсальная_картка-label{width:9em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Універсальная_картка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Універсальная_картка-error{background:#fee7e6;border-color:#b32424}</style> <table class="infobox" data-name="Універсальная картка"> <tbody><tr><th scope="colgroup" colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Пазваночнік</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$ec3f9bc0-43cb-5c2d-2f8f-4e9cb9eeb620" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Illu_vertebral_column.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Выява" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/274px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/411px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_vertebral_column.svg/548px-Illu_vertebral_column.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label ts-Універсальная_картка-label">Анатамічная лакалізацыя</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$126E11F6-AC6B-450D-B5EE-BA617F540E7A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P927"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">спіна</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133279" class="extiw" title="d:Q133279">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label ts-Універсальная_картка-label">Злучаецца з</th><td class="infobox-text"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$476083d2-4341-d59e-c0ff-c1d26b9ee405" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2789"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Чэрап">чэрап</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$cbcf729a-4701-664d-3c60-07aabba65278" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2789"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">таз</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713102" class="extiw" title="d:Q713102">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$b0fd6bf5-43f5-8d6f-bc20-5c271cb313ea" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2789"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грудная клетка">грудная клетка</a></span></span></li></ul></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$0944d4d6-477c-e254-b550-87f3fc0db595" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P4896"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span class="mw-3d-wrapper" data-label="3D"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3D model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl/274px-BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl/411px-BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl/548px-BodyParts3D_Vertebral_column.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label ts-Універсальная_картка-label">Змяшчае</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$644fd491-4a11-430f-51f0-cf2ae4e2a805" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P4330"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="Спінны мозг">спінны мозг</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label ts-Універсальная_картка-label">Код NCI Thesaurus</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q482853$4050f2fc-4923-1f93-f581-9a4162be5e71" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1748"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">C0037949</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q482853$5A20369F-0778-4A1C-A2C4-606C28F41FFE" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vertebral_column" title="commons:Category:Vertebral column"><img alt="Лагатып Вікісховішча" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vertebral_column" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vertebral column">Медыяфайлы на Вікісховішчы</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column.png/220px-Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="755" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column.png 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Пазваночнік (хрыбетнік) чалавека</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Пазваночнік</b>, таксама <b>хрыбетнік</b><sup id="cite_ref-pr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> або <b>хрыбет</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Columna vertebralis</span>) — апорны элемент, асноўная частка восевага <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Шкілет">шкілета</a> ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пазваночныя">пазваночных жывёл</a>. </p><p>Складаецца са злучаных паміж сабой пазванкоў, з'яўляецца органам апоры і руху тулава, шыі і галавы, ахоўвае размешчаны ў пазваночным канале <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="Спінны мозг">спінны мозг</a>. </p><p>Зыходная форма — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Хорда (заалогія)">хорда</a> ў ніжэйшых пазваночных; у вышэйшых пазваночных захоўваецца ў целах пазванкоў (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Рыбы">рыбы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Земнаводныя">земнаводныя</a>) ці ў выглядзе студзяністага ядра <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Міжпазваночныя дыскі">міжпазванковых дыскаў</a>. Паводле будовы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пазванок">пазванкоў</a> і характару сучленяемых з імі элементаў пазваночнік падзяляюць на аддзелы. У <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Рыбы">рыб</a> пазваночнік адносна просты і складаецца з двух аддзелаў (тулаўнага і хваставога), у амфібій падзяляецца на шыйны, грудны і крыжавы аддзелы, млекакормячых — на шыйны (6—9, часцей 7 пазванкоў), грудны (9—24, часцей 13), паяснічны (2—9), крыжавы (I—10, часцей 2—4) і хваставы (3—46). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vertebration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vertebration.jpg/200px-Vertebration.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vertebration.jpg/300px-Vertebration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Vertebration.jpg/400px-Vertebration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Чалавечы пазваночнік</figcaption></figure> <p>У <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек">чалавека</a> пазваночнік складаецца з 32-34 пазванкоў. Найбольш масіўныя з іх знаходзяцца ў паяснічным аддзеле. Пазванкі складаюцца з цела, дуг і адросткаў, злучаных паміж сабой храсткамі, суставамі і звязкамі; падзяляецца на 5 аддзелаў: шыйны (7 пазванкоў), грудны (12), паяснічны (5), крыжавы (5, зрастаюцца), хвастцовы (3—5, зрастаюцца). У нованароджанага дзіцяці пазваночнік амаль прамы, на 1-м годзе жыцця набывае шыйны і паяснічны лардозы (выгін наперад), грудны і крыжавы кіфозы (выгін назад), скаліёзы (бакавыя выгіны), якія змякчаюць штуршкі ад хады, бегу, скачкоў. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гл._таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Гл. таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Гл. таксама" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гл. таксама"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Скрыўленне пазваночніка">Скрыўленне пазваночніка</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pr_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">у адпаведнасці з Тлумачальным слоўнікам беларускай літаратурнай мовы. Мн.:БелЭн, 2002, С.725.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Літаратура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн2000"><i>Леанцюк А.</i> Пазваночнік // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыклапедыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя</a>: У 18 т. Т. 11: Мугір — Паліклініка / Рэдкал.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Генадзь Пятровіч Пашкоў">Г. П. Пашкоў</a> і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Мінск">Мн.</span> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 2000. — Т. 11. — 560 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851101885" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0188-5</a> (т. 11).</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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aria-labelledby="Шкілет" data-name="Шкілет" style="text-align:left; background:;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Ракавіна малюскаў">Ракавіна</a> (шматлікіх найпрасцейшых, малюскаў)</span> <p><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Арганічныя рэчывы">Арганічны</a>: <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кутыкула беспазваночных (няма такой старонкі)">Кутыкула</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хіцін">хіцінавы</a> панцыр членістаногіх)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эндашкілет (няма такой старонкі)">Эндашкілет</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Восевы <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">пазваночны слуп (пазваночнік)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Чэрап">чэрап</a> •</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грудная клетка">грудная клетка</a>)</span> <p>Дадатковы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Плечавы пояс">пояс верхніх канечнасцей</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рука">верхнія канечнасці</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B7,_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Таз, анатомія (няма такой старонкі)">пояс ніжніх канечнасцей</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нага чалавека">ніжнія канечнасці</a>)</p></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гідрашкілет (няма такой старонкі)">Гідрашкілет</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Утварэнне васьміпрамянёвых <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Паліпы">паліпаў</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Гл. таксама</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шкілетная рэвалюцыя (няма такой старонкі)">Шкілетная рэвалюцыя</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шкілет чалавека (няма такой старонкі)">Шкілет чалавека</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пералік касцей шкілета чалавека (няма такой старонкі)">Пералік касцей шкілета чалавека</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Апорна-рухальная сістэма">Апорна-рухальная сістэма</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навігацыйны шаблон" data-name="External links" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist toCollapsibleCount navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></div>  Слоўнікі і энцыклапедыі</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/enciclopedies/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/EC-GEC-0217367.xml">Вялікая каталанская</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/pozvonochnik-5041af">Вялікая расійская (навукова-адукацыйны партал)</a> · <a href="https://be.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1" class="extiw" title="s:ru:МЭСБЕ/Позвоночный столб">Малы Бракгаўза і Эфрона</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/vertebral-column">Britannica (онлайн)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/vertebres-et-rachis/">Universalis</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3748793">.mw-parser-output .ts-navbox-plaintitle{font-size:100%!important;margin:0 6em!important}</style></div><table class="nowraplinks authoritycontrol collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Нарматыўны_кантроль" class="ts-navbox-plaintitle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нарматыўны кантроль">Нарматыўны кантроль</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка Францыі">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119317130">119317130</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4066363-2">4066363-2</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кантрольны нумар Бібліятэкі Кангрэса">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85126694">sh85126694</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка Латвіі">LNB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/LNB%7CLNC10-000114700">000114700</a> · <span title="Microsoft Academic" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">Microsoft</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2781012678">2781012678</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная парламенцкая бібліятэка Японіі">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570591">00570591</a> · <span title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка Чэхіі" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NKC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph115969">ph115969</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Узята з "<a dir="ltr" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Пазваночнік&oldid=4768386">https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Пазваночнік&oldid=4768386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Categories" title="Адмысловае:Categories">Катэгорыі</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB" title="Катэгорыя:Анатомія жывёл">Анатомія жывёл</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Катэгорыя:Пазваночнік">Пазваночнік</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Схаваныя катэгорыі: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B7_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Катэгорыя:Артыкулы з універсальнай карткай">Артыкулы з універсальнай карткай</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Карткі без параметраў">Вікіпедыя:Карткі без параметраў</a></li><li><a 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