CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91342e93cdc1fd37',cH: 'SlgCUHGZVmR5SrtClAeMST_sTs.lddcujgbvz.ujWxk-1739778578-1.2.1.1-DW8RGJaE46o7kFIve9ar5.WVM44vqiwKhrdbWGnpsBosJdcms.YqTmXaO.J3P8kq',cUPMDTk: "\/9997247\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=1dtDFMVrO1ri37t8_YPVyYRucZtikEixiTAxgpICEOA-1739778578-1.0.1.1-AwTn1S0_PpJc4DLX5CKUlVHU5EFzeQ5BUltE3OH4zu8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778578',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997247\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=1dtDFMVrO1ri37t8_YPVyYRucZtikEixiTAxgpICEOA-1739778578-1.0.1.1-AwTn1S0_PpJc4DLX5CKUlVHU5EFzeQ5BUltE3OH4zu8",md: "zD5bFWdOUFu3aYFwKwByjlzla4Pcdv8A_1Oi4shSF1U-1739778578-1.2.1.1-1vjUv1tF1NWmiCbjhSDEK6KmV0cW7xgFqzZSQDYbDQx62DSJ5u2kDXAfNxqH7lAaTSZbrLRatENnDfwAajznqj6O8uAJZZt15VzXKt2hZYPSuZx7jOyh_byEUDfjsEHaZE6lGhxTUW0kRVx.znv79XXNczUBvjNDpzfBvu3PW5XouXOee9cpf2UZvKnVhDnAzhorTjSiKo_Z4zydgVvf.GJaDHix5.dd8ly2vM3D1PynbxLVOVIvaLfSR4JuSaPmv.ND3HufS3.jlT_3LfOkj9uFT7iso3PjUYC0YydsxEtrRZTpzz62rcJVDn8FFIlG49cRpWHITFPiSkbDollfVtomR8azpNmSzhCPNQojzaEwPhbPxzAy_sOlzq.5ppTJ9jkDgulupkZl8XqOQDgkr2XeJskWaKiFEabVg2_WS0f8DEVvXeU80vzrUjNCGTgWl2OfVtsu7tZtb5G7sXIjqltcsDlWAbTnk.eSaPbxadPyAFoRssNDhuAVTfoPWSM6cWpDSMIOdL2JOjIqY69H8LG0LIGDHTiwlxTkWVD7HznagS4OJe5x6_FssfW8iIdRWYIfwoIsXY.q5HyLTkdYWu.LeVw6DbIp_N91smLemzU9s_xqOmWH5OqBh3Xe0oVVq9hLKWqkZ3lIxWd9yiruAttKiUdeGa24KlwJuAous0CDE1df2bDGMDolpz4A18pII8RHfOj9DL3EKc3Rxtipcirf68j42cYMu2OxLwNuTGeki9x4Oe2u1KJYxtctrRsTHuwbvVip6sguqJNpB1N39ByzpfWRqdisUwKvMxsXhdG6GwGb2TSBc5GL3rFxomZMVQyEbCPzVPLVSdL3esjHVtnOrVP.IcFI.CEoZNydVdsxNnnQ25pOFj4jxaG0vl.OHG_wFC.TAPJmbY852z_CV3DQxYjTyJ5jnTJE5Bl_MN9Muh8szy_UNSmoEQNRA7g3DiaAUrWvwwugzOLl70KiLDOHoGQ7lTBT6JVYfz9.RQnBM5PAyuVpw9h4yi9QyvnPcflF4rrGth_CkIpX4gk5Uliu4DMOCEG6ySdswpEl.CalEsnuR3QwV__j45DboPHnVOEB3y8NWD7WVIZU120sBXqY3GbrUmlLRONFjsMjc_xP_9Q3NZjIzEBEADBvfxCYuThBqo1PUZU4OIs5Ixz7b7nW5o535hiQfHwqZu1pUgrNXrhmlUFQuuNNESflUq3jcKulspJ63GdmCoNHljN83rO1pIhubknKdAtf938dsS55xXGUEiHdaMzpBph4xc5kdCzuzWPcVuS0x3IwJoLXRWtpKRM8pFGK5h7MTMuUP6luC9S2X9R9uRgfdU_vZpm5H0ybDSh6252U.kejbTLRo.5ywRUnh1DPAZth2B.XOprolDtiDyU._YF0K_oTrF.K_UUcGcX3NKSHrGwFSGrtn2YR0CwGjzMr2hHFlnWbCZ4QnwEWIfSE.LPRdslj.d8.ZcZ8GIcIdMp0QgqeynuwdpAe27bqZMUoD5M3lebli5B8q_ucnwUaYfOp8I8XtbOpDaxJa19OOTRLBHdoaOy79igmx9WCOZE5mq.oZEYwM7d5mleBqgPUGy2ZXBcvDlp3_f07A4STJHtE9toDR8DgJecWSK0j.nCtLpEYrD36mvnhvwqbf7xnMSdsUsTfdrSz9eUmlzdHJKwq7lGG8LSp7c_3BPW6i4I5lBDgYNAe2OBwKBBuIj2ZELAaMe1Q6FS5hJ0Q80Q4BgKuTN51bgjXcPVII.5HxgiMV4a6exUY5e6w1ZAye6jhhTU8JksHp0jQT8EE4OXCQeDqlhsIPckApjXATTJEedmq.zXIn0nUOTJJmSMw_NKWZ7DBxnL.Ze3CCcgxQrm5Vsl2sK0ptqxYPDLk56dSXAgoMHa9sGLpPhY",mdrd: "e6znhQtx3ShD95rtsV9elM9VkY8iEdsc3ZZNWVBbnpg-1739778578-1.2.1.1-aXbnMbTAPg98J5pvI_k9FQ9gfkjtxnd5MFjcY2HAZ0raPNfX9L7vPuboJp.u.YPkQgKXUGl2nxUENlMqpbPMvYsOfayE3.WdZyv8o1jP1_Wf_irezKEbaEtlRAopIJf6IUjO0jjXnJhcpqwuNxvsSo9OEae6j9rDD09CnoO0L0vgGbKg9Z_MVbWZVomUCsh3K8TDANnvVao9V_ugaYPWtyXTND42UJMIUuEH6a1Mnj8dEWzsXtpzChv1JfPHc.7t_aVxvwfGo0IxpIaasaLW9ogJMksmXB4alT72DaMSGZXMYVv_WIonASy0T.O786WvjAyTYgVenMsvI3KLGVmLatHlYtrhhdkLpVp_7sCwrsP87.CWk4YseIByb5561OejUVHMERNxNkSofcmonh.09rGcuyver.TX0n5aVL5RsAfFx1KZRAVrnjQx2OLHcjIWEHWNRf2d_wfOZGOUHSuWs8drhRVnJQJchOpSEnzTQRZAMkGgYKx3Y5k4fYcaV8JrtCXs_VgIwXTYgJwlhyO03OekiQKagz7Pt19LmuFWVnTfIN3qv3xWbbCJSTodtZvXyDNbyIdXH1PaFmQYO4iWIIs4t7TRceGsAzSYlx6gpxl4roQ.uuAOURfzHeEzspJKJ8uYPZcEXgNytddcZHeW.62fuEYcWLKHwqHRF9ljNgJhWnfXCDLhNw5_y7K4aCzExMtkhiUXzUcQAO8k2ZaHv7HEXQqrqJBQGNmUAcmGJZacs3J1YW4gDY7aUgZn47WQ7Srfv9vjfCWQmoNqxSFg7ZS1q3WNbtklGNrUtmVTyUqet_iswDfgIjpxlbhuVEMz2mx_R_sDcCxX_MvjCmxXlVU08sSaYzNfFN7RtgXghDmbpdo2NKRkR8cz3xmRk5DsrCNI57xHvHkEukWOalBeKipT8raYzNavMR0GiOq8dDGwf7.es2OvFZhqjn82kR.vy8tJAFeYY_UoDlxlDMluiNaJ6qBF1G519Nyi394H0_mQBD4XOkR.Jg_xOQd5qbUfLY0ilqevcsoyvi4L94YswtxfxHxFuargon.PhjPu6OB9EgHAkr52wUSiTD6H1DaOqdGAWcpA.LT4pnllx24QFfCA7ur.vAoLQ3ivBziEYbfYcBMKf_KtitXxr2B8XpQ0_5cwoxUArzhFAxVuCgIaK.ExNzd6UN8DLgjDeYSL5v4Ce4Xr5KMCZv7F19U16d0diME6J62AU.E1BqAS7u7uS_JzClu75eTzo8BMY2IAmabtt4.UIRSVvCY_8LrQrV65SrZDFPLoBqxJW.G7YRXkLCedJHCV6ZAxZeueNhTZSRnOcs3bcgb3cX9I4QMJMIf8LFmpbg3oHrvXGCl4bMsx5A5kKrtvCFmEKWuoi6HN62oYelz2LkKUlxa1j4hjGm2qncbRBIHkGDvE63J7w5ZHf.5AJPl1W5saZB9zpWnFMwzudv7oPNEe1mBx2iiZlPpFEMQR88DdZmZHDbbqDJyEEkGVyodgwYzqI6qt4S8imlRGEXq3DV47z2tFaq5X3vU4PL.bxwUeicHvqvb9WKwzdllnliY.zvdIxW0rtAXf5SLRq9wkkqbanp8.UgOkIB5FQHrWf5agwui.mP1D4A8ztczcqu3FElTs5migT5xpUJIsdsmsnGjfBxH3YYEeaeudY88RVG2OGNxNawifCnxwuk.4raTvQLrxZoTfiuCqF_Bm2ge3V64uJcCds3b2lKY0_.w8_lke.jXxxOVKBq22hCahB.e7boQRO9uLy6Q72zXdDx7YbypsgGMX3FeOysI99bdq.LsuhCW0oPSs3H6hAbccW2XfpIKocDToZRXSQ963nYbUkiuc.PLosHYe6_LkyXP4zho3QlBp_BioIEGqB52GmoKQHVGgJpsg5IRN0OuhsRXFu83a90mh8xh_oFBgsdM5oqsdIJnwzOUDKN.Bg97j777ZY0UPeXXYQRLUT.ozH2Ih4vyW3m0SW_OCza2EWvwwxNS_NMDmRk12kP8iow"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91342e93cdc1fd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997247\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=1dtDFMVrO1ri37t8_YPVyYRucZtikEixiTAxgpICEOA-1739778578-1.0.1.1-AwTn1S0_PpJc4DLX5CKUlVHU5EFzeQ5BUltE3OH4zu8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>