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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طلائعيات جذرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طلائعيات جذرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طلائعيات جذريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طلائعيات جذريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizaris" title="Rizaris – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rizaris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ریزاریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریزاریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juurijalkaiset" title="Juurijalkaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juurijalkaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizarios" title="Rizarios – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rizarios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռիզարիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիզարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="リザリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リザリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="리자리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리자리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riz%C4%81rijas" title="Rizārijas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rizārijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ризарии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ризарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rhizaria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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id="toc-Taxonavigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overview of classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_classifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Alternative classifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternative_classifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternative classifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternative_classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cavalier-Smith_(2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cavalier-Smith_(2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cavalier-Smith (2002)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cavalier-Smith_(2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nikolaev_et_al._(2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nikolaev_et_al._(2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Nikolaev <i>et al.</i> (2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nikolaev_et_al._(2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adl_et_al._(2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adl_et_al._(2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Adl <i>et al.</i> (2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adl_et_al._(2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adl_et_al._(2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adl_et_al._(2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Adl <i>et al.</i> (2012)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adl_et_al._(2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Ruggiero et al. (2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsar (page does not exist)">Tsar</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Sar" title="Sar">Sar</a><br /> Infraregnum: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhizaria</a> <br /> Cladi: <a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_classes">Overview of classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview of classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Acantharia" class="mw-disambig" title="Acantharia">Acantharia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ascetosporea" title="Ascetosporea">Ascetosporea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chlorarachnea" title="Chlorarachnea">Chlorarachnea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Globothalamea" title="Globothalamea">Globothalamea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Granofilosea" title="Granofilosea">Granofilosea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gromiidea" title="Gromiidea">Gromiidea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Imbricatea" title="Imbricatea">Imbricatea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Metromonadea" title="Metromonadea">Metromonadea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Monothalamea" title="Monothalamea">Monothalamea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phytomyxea" title="Phytomyxea">Phytomyxea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Polycystina" title="Polycystina">Polycystina</a> – <a href="/wiki/Proteomyxidea" title="Proteomyxidea">Proteomyxidea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarcomonadea" title="Sarcomonadea">Sarcomonadea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Skiomonadea" title="Skiomonadea">Skiomonadea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sticholonchea" title="Sticholonchea">Sticholonchea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thecofilosea" title="Thecofilosea">Thecofilosea</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tubothalamea" title="Tubothalamea">Tubothalamea</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhizaria <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Cavalier-Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span></span>, 2002 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Archibald, J.M.</span></span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Keeling, P.J.</span></span> 2004: Actin and ubiquitin protein sequences support a cercozoan/foraminiferan ancestry for the plasmodiophorid plant pathogens. <i>Journal of eukaryotic microbiology</i>, 51(1): 113–118. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040428195205/http://www.botany.ubc.ca/keeling/PDF/04Plasmodioph.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Cavalier-Smith, T.</span></span> 2003: Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. <i>European journal of protistology</i>, 39: 338–348.</li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Parfrey LW, Barbero E, Lasser E, Dunthorn M, Bhattacharya D, et al.</span></span> (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0020220">Evaluating Support for the Current Classification of Eukaryotic Diversity</a>. PLoS Genet 2(12): e220. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links">Links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=582420">Rhizaria</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/">World Register of Marine Species</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vernacular_names">Vernacular names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vernacular names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="padding:0 10px; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 40px; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 40px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; column-count: 2; column-gap: 40px; column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%"><b>français:</b> Rhizaires<br /><b>中文:</b> 有孔虫下界<br /></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_classifications">Alternative classifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alternative classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cavalier-Smith_(2002)"><span id="Cavalier-Smith_.282002.29"></span>Cavalier-Smith (2002)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cavalier-Smith (2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cavalier-Smith, T 2002: The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. <i>Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</i>, 52:297-354. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnomyxa" title="Gymnomyxa">Gymnomyxa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcomastigota" title="Sarcomastigota">Sarcomastigota</a></li> <li><b>Rhizaria</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apusozoa" title="Apusozoa">Apusozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadida" title="Apusomonadida">Apusomonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimastigida" title="Hemimastigida">Hemimastigida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monadofilosa" title="Monadofilosa">Monadofilosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulofilosa" title="Reticulofilosa">Reticulofilosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliozoa" title="Heliozoa">Heliozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrohelea" title="Centrohelea">Centrohelea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleohelea" title="Nucleohelea">Nucleohelea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nikolaev_et_al._(2005)"><span id="Nikolaev_et_al._.282005.29"></span>Nikolaev <i>et al.</i> (2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nikolaev et al. (2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <i>The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/101/21/8066.full.pdf+html?with-ds=yes">[2]</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikonta" title="Bikonta">Bikonta</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhizaria</a> <ul><li>core <a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phaeodarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaeodarea">Phaeodarea</a> ["Radiolaria"]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmothoracida" title="Desmothoracida">Desmothoracida</a> ["Heliozoa"]</li> <li>other core <a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomyxea" title="Phytomyxea">Phytomyxea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplosporidia" title="Haplosporidia">Haplosporidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gromiidae" title="Gromiidae">Gromiidae</a></li> <li>[unnamed] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acantharea" title="Acantharea">Acantharea</a> ["Radiolaria"]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxopodida" title="Taxopodida">Taxopodida</a> ["Heliozoa"]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycystinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycystinea">Polycystinea</a> ["Radiolaria"]</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinophryida" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinophryida">Actinophryida</a> ["Heliozoa"]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrohelida" title="Centrohelida">Centrohelida</a> ["Heliozoa"]</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adl_et_al._(2005)"><span id="Adl_et_al._.282005.29"></span>Adl <i>et al.</i> (2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adl et al. (2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname">Adl, S.M.</span></span> <i>et al</i>. 2005: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. <i>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</i>, 52: 399–451. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2005.00053.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x</a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015250/http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_adl001.pdf">PDF</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> Chatton, 1925 </p> <ul><li><b>Rhizaria</b> Cavalier-Smith, 2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a> Cavalier-Smith, 1998, emend. Adl et al., 2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercomonadida" title="Cercomonadida">Cercomonadida</a> Poche, 1913, emend. Vickerman, 1983, emend. Mylnikov, 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicofilosea" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicofilosea">Silicofilosea</a> Adl et al., 2005 (<a href="/wiki/Imbricatea" title="Imbricatea">Imbricatea</a> Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorarachniophyta" title="Chlorarachniophyta">Chlorarachniophyta</a> Hibberd and Norris, 1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomyxea" title="Phytomyxea">Phytomyxea</a> Engler and Prantl, 1897, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeodarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaeodarea">Phaeodarea</a> Haeckel, 1879 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripylea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripylea (page does not exist)">Tripylea</a> Hertwig, 1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleohelea" title="Nucleohelea">Nucleohelea</a> Cavalier-Smith, 1993</li> <li><i>Incertae sedis</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplosporidia" title="Haplosporidia">Haplosporidia</a> Caullery and Mesnil, 1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a> d’Orbigny, 1826</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gromia" title="Gromia">Gromia</a></i> Dujardin, 1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a> Müller, 1858, emend. Adl et al., 2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polycystinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycystinea">Polycystinea</a> Ehrenberg, 1838, emend. Haeckel, 1887</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sticholonche" title="Sticholonche">Sticholonche</a></i> Hertwig, 1877 (<a href="/wiki/Taxopodida" title="Taxopodida">Taxopodida</a> Fol, 1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acantharia" class="mw-disambig" title="Acantharia">Acantharia</a> Haeckel, 1881, emend. Mikrjukov, 2000</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adl_et_al._(2012)"><span id="Adl_et_al._.282012.29"></span>Adl <i>et al.</i> (2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Adl et al. (2012)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Sina_M._Adl" title="Sina M. Adl">Adl, S.M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Geoffrey_Brinley_Simpson" title="Alastair Geoffrey Brinley Simpson">Simpson, A.G.B.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_E._Lane" title="Christopher E. Lane">Lane, C.E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Luke%C5%A1" title="Julius Lukeš">Lukeš, J.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/David_Bass" title="David Bass">Bass, D.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_S._Bowser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel S. Bowser (page does not exist)">Bowser, S.S.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_W._Brown" title="Matthew W. Brown">Brown, M.W.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabien_Burki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabien Burki (page does not exist)">Burki, F.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micah_Dunthorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micah Dunthorn (page does not exist)">Dunthorn, M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Hampl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Hampl (page does not exist)">Hampl, V.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Heiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Heiss (page does not exist)">Heiss, A.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mona_Hoppenrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mona Hoppenrath (page does not exist)">Hoppenrath, M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Lara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Lara (page does not exist)">Lara, E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Line_Le_Gall" title="Line Le Gall">Le Gall, L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_H._Lynn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis H. Lynn (page does not exist)">Lynn, D.H.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilary_McManus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilary McManus (page does not exist)">McManus, H.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_A.D._Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward A.D. Mitchell (page does not exist)">Mitchell, E.A.D.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_E._Mozley-Stanridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge (page does not exist)">Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_W._Parfrey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura W. Parfrey (page does not exist)">Parfrey, L.W.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pawlowski" title="Jan Pawlowski">Pawlowski, J.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Rueckert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonja Rueckert (page does not exist)">Rueckert, S.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Shadwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Shadwick (page does not exist)">Shadwick, L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Lamoraal_Schoch" title="Conrad Lamoraal Schoch">Schoch, C.L.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Valerievich_Smirnov" title="Alexey Valerievich Smirnov">Smirnow, A.</a></span></span> & <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_W._Spiegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick W. Spiegel (page does not exist)">Spiegel, F.W.</a></span></span> 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. <i><a href="/wiki/ISSN_1066-5234" title="ISSN 1066-5234">Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</a></i> 59(5): 429–514. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2012.00644.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x</a></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -1px; display: inline-block;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Open access"><img alt="Open access" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/11px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/17px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/23px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span>. [Erratum: 60(3): 321. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeu.12033">10.1111/jeu.12033</a></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -1px; display: inline-block;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Open access"><img alt="Open access" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/11px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/17px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/23px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span>.] <a href="/wiki/Template:Adl_et_al.,_2012" title="Template:Adl et al., 2012">Reference page</a>. </li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> Chatton, 1925 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sar" title="Sar">Sar</a> Burki et al. 2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a> Patterson 1989, emend. Adl et al. 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a> Cavalier-Smith 1991</li> <li><b>Rhizaria</b> Cavalier-Smith, 2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a> Cavalier-Smith 1998, emend. Adl et al. 2005 (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a> Cavalier-Smith 2002</li> <li>Incertae sedis Rhizaria: <a href="/wiki/Gymnosphaerida" title="Gymnosphaerida">Gymnosphaerida</a> Poche 1913, emend. Mikrjukov 2000 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Actinocoryne" title="Actinocoryne">Actinocoryne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnosphaera" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnosphaera">Gymnosphaera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedraiophrys" title="Hedraiophrys">Hedraiophrys</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Incertae sedis Rhizaria: <i><a href="/wiki/Actinolophus" title="Actinolophus">Actinolophus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomyxa" title="Biomyxa">Biomyxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholamonas" title="Cholamonas">Cholamonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dictiomyxa" title="Dictiomyxa">Dictiomyxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helkesimastix" title="Helkesimastix">Helkesimastix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katabia" title="Katabia">Katabia</a>, Myxodictyium</i> [= <i><a href="/wiki/Myxodictyum" title="Myxodictyum">Myxodictyum</a></i>], <i><a href="/wiki/Penardia" title="Penardia">Penardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontomyxa" title="Pontomyxa">Pontomyxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protomyxa" title="Protomyxa">Protomyxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protogenes" title="Protogenes">Protogenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudospora" class="mw-disambig" title="Pseudospora">Pseudospora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhizoplasma" title="Rhizoplasma">Rhizoplasma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainouron" title="Sainouron">Sainouron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wagnerella" title="Wagnerella">Wagnerella</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)"><span id="Ruggiero_et_al._.282015.29"></span>Ruggiero et al. (2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizaria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ruggiero et al. (2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. <i>PLoS ONE</i> 10(4): e0119248, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119248">[3]</a>. </p> <ul><li>Superkingdom <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a> <ul><li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Hacrobia" title="Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a></li> <li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Harosa" title="Harosa">Harosa</a> [= "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/SAR" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR">SAR</a>"] <ul><li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Halvaria" title="Halvaria">Halvaria</a> <ul><li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></li> <li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Heterokonta" title="Heterokonta">Heterokonta</a> [= "Supergroup <a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a>"]</li></ul></li> <li>Infrakingdom <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhizaria</a> <ul><li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Retaria" title="Retaria">Retaria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9803451">.mw-parser-output .sister-project-banner{margin:0.5em 0;clear:both;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:95%;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sister-project-banner-image{text-align:center;width:40px}</style> <div class="sister-project-banner"><div class="sister-project-banner-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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