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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Law requiring an absolute majority of the Congress of Deputies</div> <p>An <b>Organic Law</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Ley Orgánica</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">law</a> are laws related to fundamental rights and freedoms and important institutional areas as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a> (including <i>inter alia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">statutes of autonomy</a>, referendums and electoral processes, functioning and organisation of the Constitutional Tribunal, the organisation of the military and the succession of the throne). Organic Laws must be passed by an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a> (not merely a majority of those voting).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20205_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20205-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In legal terms, organic laws are conceptually considered part of the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20202,7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20202,7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">1978 constitution</a> this concept had no precedent in Spain. It was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Organic_law#Organic_laws_in_France" title="Organic law">a similar concept</a> in the current <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="French Constitution">French Constitution</a> of 1958<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIbler1999287_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIbler1999287-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conceived as a democratic safeguard to prevent authoritarian aspirations in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">transition to democracy</a> (they are harder to change).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20204_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20204-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Law of Spain</a></div> <p>The Spanish Constitution defines "Organic laws are those related to the development of fundamental rights and public liberties, those that approve Statutes of Autonomy, the electoral processes, and others foreseen in the Constitution."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(1)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(1)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spain has various types of laws including:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalHierachy_of_Norms_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalHierachy_of_Norms-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>organic laws</li> <li>ordinary laws</li> <li>legislative decrees</li> <li>decree-laws</li> <li>regulations</li> <li>customs</li> <li>general principles of law</li> <li>case law</li></ul> <p>There exists a hierarchy whereby laws that that contradict another of higher ranking are without legal validity. Organic laws rank behind the Constitution and international treaties but above all other types of law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalType_of_legal_instruments_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalType_of_legal_instruments-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concretely, organic laws include the following: </p> <ul><li>Those that develop the fundamental rights and public liberties mentioned in Articles 15–29 of the Constitution. For example, the Law on Education (Spanish:<i>Ley Orgánica de Educación</i>) that expands upon Article 27 of the Constitution.</li> <li>Statutes of Autonomy. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Andalusia" title="Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia">Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia</a>, <i>Ley Orgánica 2/2007</i>, adopted 19 March 2007.</li> <li>The Electoral System Act, in the <i>Ley Orgánica 5/1985</i>, adopted 19 June 1985.</li> <li>"...others foreseen in the Constitution." There are a number of matters in the Constitution that presume development by laws. In some cases it is explicit that these are to be developed by Organic Law. For example:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>The basis of military organization<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_8(2)_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_8(2)-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 6/1980</i> (1 July 1980), which regulates basic criteria of National Defense and Military Organization.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>The institution of the <i>Defensor del Pueblo</i> (literally "Public Defender"), a type of <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a> (Article 54)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 3/1981</i> (6 April 1981), of the <i>Defensor del Pueblo</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Suspension of the rights recognized in Articles 17.2, 18.2 and 18.3 in relation to investigations related to the activities of armed groups or terrorist elements (Article 55.2)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 9/1984</i>, (26 December 1984), against the activities of armed groups and terrorist elements, and the development of Article 55.2 of the Constitution</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdications</a> and renunciations and any doubt of fact or right that occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain#Succession_and_regency" title="Monarchy of Spain">line of succession of the throne of Spain</a> (Article 57.5)</li> <li>Regulation of the election of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senators</a> (Article 69)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 5/1985</i> (19 June 1985), the Electoral System Act (<i>Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General, LOREG</i>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Forms of <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">petitioning</a> by the public for a new law (Article 87.3)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 3/1984</i> (28 March 1984), regulation of popular legislative initiative</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>The conduct of <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> foreseen in the Constitution (Article 92.3)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1980</i> (18 January 1980)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Authorization of international treaties under which an international organization can exercise powers derived from the Constitution (Article 93)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 10/1985</i> (2 August 1985), authorization for the adhesion of Spain to the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> (later <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Functions and principles of activity and security and police forces (Article 104.2)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1986</i> (13 March 1986)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Composition and powers of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State (Spain)">Council of State</a> (<i>Consejo de Estado</i>) (Article 107)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 3/1980</i> (22 April 1980) of the Council of State</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Regulation of <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">states of emergency</a>—the Spanish constitution distinguishes a <a href="/wiki/State_of_alarm_(Spain)" title="State of alarm (Spain)">state of alarm</a>, a <a href="/wiki/State_of_exception" title="State of exception">state of exception</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/State_of_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="State of siege">state of siege</a> (Article 116.1)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 4/1981</i> (1 June 1981), of states of alarm, exception and siege</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Constitution, functioning and governance of Courts and Tribunals, and the legal status of judges and magistrates and staff for the administration of justice (Article 122.1)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 6/1985</i> (1 July 1985) of judicial power</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>The statute of the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judicial_Power_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain">General Council of the Judicial Power</a> and the regime of incompatibilities of its members and their functions, in particular the matters of appointment, ascent, inspection and disciplinary regime (Article 122)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 1/1980</i> (10 January 1980), of the General Council of the Judicial Power</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Regulation of the naming of the twelve members of the General Council of the Judicial Power who are not nominated by the Congress and Senate (art. 122.3)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 1/1980</i> (10 January 1980), of the General Council of the Judicial Power</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Composition, organization and functions of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Accounts_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Accounts (Spain)">Court of Accounts</a> (Article 136.4)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1982</i> (12 May 1982)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Alteration of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provincial</a> borders (Article 141.1)</li> <li>Authorization for the constitution of uniprovincial autonomous communities [that is, cases where a single province constitutes an autonomous community] that do not meet the conditions of Article 143.1 (Article 144 a)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 6/1982</i> (7 July 1982), which authorizes the constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Community_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Community of Madrid">Autonomous Community of Madrid</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Authorization or accord of statutes of autonomy for territories that are not made up of provinces (Article 144 b)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 1/1995</i> (13 March 1995), on the Statute of Autonomy of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></dd> <dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1995</i> (13 March 1995), on the Statute of Autonomy of <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Substitution of the initiative of local corporations referred to in Article 143.2 (Article 144 c)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 13/1980</i> (16 December 1980), substitution in the province of Almería of the autonomic initiative</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Reform of statutes of autonomy (Article 147.3)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 6/2006</i> (19 July 2006) on the reform of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia">Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Coordination of the local police of autonomous communities (Article 148.1.22)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1986</i> (13 March 1986), about security and police forces</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Creation of police forces for the autonomous communities (Article 149.1.29)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1986</i> (13 March 1986), about security and police forces</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Transfer or delegation of state powers (that is, those of Spain itself) to the autonomous communities (Article 150.2)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 9/1992</i> (23 December 1992)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Regulation of the referendum foreseen in Article 151.1 (Article 151.1)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1980</i> (18 January 1980)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Regulation for the possibility that in case of the failure to approve a Statute [of autonomy] by one or several provinces via referendum, the other [provinces of that proposed autonomous community] can constitute an autonomous community (Article 151.5)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1980</i> (18 January 1980), about regulation of types of referendum</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Exercise of the financial powers enumerated in Article 157.1, the norms to resolve conflicts that may arise and the possible forms of financial collaboration between the autonomous communities and the State (Article 157.3)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 8/1980</i> (22 September 1980), on the financing of the Autonomous Communities</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Jurisdictional powers of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a> (Article 161.1.d)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1979</i> (3 October 1979), on the Constitutional Court (<i>Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional - LOTC</i>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Definition of the persons and organs that can appear before the Constitutional Court (Article 162.2)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1979</i> (3 October 1979), on the Constitutional Court (<i>LOTC</i>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Functioning of the Constitutional Court (Article 165)</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Ley Orgánica 2/1979</i> (3 October 1979), on the Constitutional Court (<i>LOTC</i>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Organic Law 1/2004 (28 December 2004) on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence</li> <li>Adapting the Spanish domestic law on the <a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulation</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_on_Protection_of_Personal_Data_and_Guarantee_of_Digital_Rights" title="Organic Law on Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights"><i>Ley Orgánica 3/2018 (</i>05 December 2018) on Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approval">Approval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Approval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution states that "The approval, modification or derogation of organic laws requires an absolute majority of the Congress, in a final vote over the entire bill."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(2)_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(2)-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is to say, an organic law is presented as a bill (by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">government</a>) or by the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> and must follow the same parliamentary procedures as an ordinary law. As the Constitution indicates, the principal difference in the process is that the Congress of Deputies must make a final vote, at the end of the entire process, where the law must obtain an absolute majority to be approved; for ordinary laws, this final vote is not required. </p><p>The Constitution establishes the procedures for proposing a bill before the Cortes. "An organic law will regulate the forms of exercise and requisites for a popular initiative for the presentation of propositions of law. In all cases, no fewer that 500,000 accredited signatures will be required. There shall be no such initiative in matters proper to organic law, treaties or laws of international character, nor in relation to the prerogative of mercy."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(3)_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(3)-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the government, the Congress, the Senate and the legislative assemblies of the autonomous communities can initiate the legislative processes that lead to the approval of an organic law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(1),_87(2)_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(1),_87(2)-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, popular initiatives are not permitted in this area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organic_law_as_a_source_of_law">Organic law as a source of law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organic law as a source of law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its more than 25 years existence, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a> has made a particularly restrictive interpretation of the matters subject to organic law. The relation of organic law with ordinary law is not a hierarchical relationship but one of jurisdiction or scope.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrakke2005743_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrakke2005743-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic Law">Organic Law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20205-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20205_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzentgáli-Tóth2020">Szentgáli-Tóth 2020</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20202,7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20202,7_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzentgáli-Tóth2020">Szentgáli-Tóth 2020</a>, p. 2,7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIbler1999287-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIbler1999287_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIbler1999">Ibler 1999</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20204-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzentgáli-Tóth20204_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzentgáli-Tóth2020">Szentgáli-Tóth 2020</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(1)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(1)_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 81(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalHierachy_of_Norms-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalHierachy_of_Norms_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEuropean_e-Justice_Portal">European e-Justice Portal</a>, Hierachy of Norms.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalType_of_legal_instruments-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropean_e-Justice_PortalType_of_legal_instruments_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEuropean_e-Justice_Portal">European e-Justice Portal</a>, Type of legal instruments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_8(2)-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_8(2)_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Spanish_Constitution1978">The Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 8(2).<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Spanish_Constitution1978 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2018-16673">Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights</a> (3/2018) (in Spanish). 5 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Protection+of+Personal+Data+and+guarantee+of+digital+rights&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fbuscar%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-2018-16673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(2)-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_81(2)_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 81(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(3)-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(3)_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 87(3).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(1),_87(2)-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_87(1),_87(2)_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 87(1), 87(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrakke2005743-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrakke2005743_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrakke2005">Prakke 2005</a>, p. 743.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFPrakke2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzentgáli-Tóth2020" class="citation journal cs1">Szentgáli-Tóth, Boldizsár (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323469923.pdf">"Organic laws and the principle of democracy in France and Spain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pro Futuro</i>. <b>9</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26521%2FProfuturo%2F2019%2F4%2F6717">10.26521/Profuturo/2019/4/6717</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2063-1987">2063-1987</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8603896105">8603896105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pro+Futuro&rft.atitle=Organic+laws+and+the+principle+of+democracy+in+France+and+Spain&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8603896105&rft.issn=2063-1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26521%2FProfuturo%2F2019%2F4%2F6717&rft.aulast=Szentg%C3%A1li-T%C3%B3th&rft.aufirst=Boldizs%C3%A1r&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F323469923.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf">"The Spanish Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Constitution&rft.pub=Agencia+Estatal+Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Flegislacion%2Fdocumentos%2FConstitucionINGLES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbler1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ibler, Martin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jura.uni-konstanz.de/securedl/sdl-eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpYXQiOjE3MTczOTQyMzMsImV4cCI6MTcxODA4NTQzMiwidXNlciI6MCwiZ3JvdXBzIjpbMCwtMV0sImZpbGUiOiJmaWxlYWRtaW4vanVyYS9hZy1pYmxlci9TY2hyaWZ0ZW52ZXJ6ZWljaG5pc19JYmxlci9EZXJfR3J1bmRyZWNodHNzY2h1dHpfaW5fZGVyX3NwYW5pc2NoZW5fVmVyZmFzc3VuZ19hbV9CZWlzcGllbF9kZXNfRWlnZW50dW1zXzAxLnBkZiIsInBhZ2UiOjkyMzAxfQ.nLADudyNhwtyNSqwlgD-fQYd_Vh8aXJ7ZBoNxSwiz7k/Der_Grundrechtsschutz_in_der_spanischen_Verfassung_am_Beispiel_des_Eigentums_01.pdf">"Der Grundrechtsschutz in der spanischen Verfassung am Beispiel des Eigentums"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Juristenzeitung</i> (in German). <b>54</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Juristenzeitung&rft.atitle=Der+Grundrechtsschutz+in+der+spanischen+Verfassung+am+Beispiel+des+Eigentums&rft.volume=54&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ibler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jura.uni-konstanz.de%2Fsecuredl%2Fsdl-eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpYXQiOjE3MTczOTQyMzMsImV4cCI6MTcxODA4NTQzMiwidXNlciI6MCwiZ3JvdXBzIjpbMCwtMV0sImZpbGUiOiJmaWxlYWRtaW4vanVyYS9hZy1pYmxlci9TY2hyaWZ0ZW52ZXJ6ZWljaG5pc19JYmxlci9EZXJfR3J1bmRyZWNodHNzY2h1dHpfaW5fZGVyX3NwYW5pc2NoZW5fVmVyZmFzc3VuZ19hbV9CZWlzcGllbF9kZXNfRWlnZW50dW1zXzAxLnBkZiIsInBhZ2UiOjkyMzAxfQ.nLADudyNhwtyNSqwlgD-fQYd_Vh8aXJ7ZBoNxSwiz7k%2FDer_Grundrechtsschutz_in_der_spanischen_Verfassung_am_Beispiel_des_Eigentums_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrakkeKortmannvan_den_Brandhof2005" class="citation book cs1">Prakke, C. A; Kortmann, J. M.; van den Brandhof, J. C. E. (2005). <i>Constitutional law of 15 EU member states</i> (6 ed.). The Hague: Kluwer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-13-01255-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-13-01255-8"><bdi>90-13-01255-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68629764">68629764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+law+of+15+EU+member+states&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68629764&rft.isbn=90-13-01255-8&rft.aulast=Prakke&rft.aufirst=C.+A&rft.au=Kortmann%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=van+den+Brandhof%2C+J.+C.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_e-Justice_Portal" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_member_state_law-6-es-maximizeMS-en.do?member=1">"National Legislation - Spain"</a>. <i>European e-Justice Portal</i>. European Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+e-Justice+Portal&rft.atitle=National+Legislation+-+Spain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-justice.europa.eu%2Fcontent_member_state_law-6-es-maximizeMS-en.do%3Fmember%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrganic+Law+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&oldid=1253834955">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organic_Law_(Spain)&oldid=1253834955</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_Spain" title="Category:Law of Spain">Law of Spain</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 03:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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