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Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party - Wikipedia

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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Revolucionario_del_Pueblo_Tuvano" title="Partido Revolucionario del Pueblo Tuvano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Revolucionario del Pueblo Tuvano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_populaire_touvain" title="Parti révolutionnaire populaire touvain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti révolutionnaire populaire touvain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #D11F26; border-bottom:2px solid #D11F26; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Tuvinian_Peoples_Revolutionary_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">TPRP (English)<br />ТАХN (Tuvan)<br />TNRP (Russian)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namachyn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Namachyn (page does not exist)">Namachyn</a> (first)<br /><a href="/wiki/Salchak_Toka" title="Salchak Toka">Salchak Toka</a> (last)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">29&#160;October&#160;1921<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1921-10-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11&#160;October&#160;1944<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend itvend">1944-10-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged&#160;into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Tuvan Autonomous Oblast">Tuvan Autonomous Oblast</a> Committee of the <a href="/wiki/VKP(b)" class="mw-redirect" title="VKP(b)">VKP(b)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyzyl" title="Kyzyl">Kyzyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_People%27s_Republic" title="Tuvan People&#39;s Republic">Tuvan People's Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvinskaya_Pravda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvinskaya Pravda (page does not exist)">Tuvinskaya Pravda</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Тувинская правда">ru</a>&#93;</span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Lenin%E2%80%93Stalinn%D1%8C%EA%9E%91_tugunu%EA%9E%91_adaa-pile" title="Lenin–Stalinnьꞑ tugunuꞑ adaa-pile">Pod znamenem Lenina–Stalina</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Armed wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_People%27s_Revolutionary_Army" title="Tuvan People&#39;s Revolutionary Army">Tuvan People's Revolutionary Army</a> (1924–1944)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1944)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6,807</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political&#160;position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Comintern</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #D11F26;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tuva">Politics of Tuva</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Tuvan People&#39;s Revolutionary Party</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mongolian name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠦ<br />ᠲᠤᠧᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ<br />ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ<br />ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ<br />ᠨᠠᠮ</span></span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Tuvan name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Tuvan-language text"><span lang="tyv">Тьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a>, founded in 1921. When the <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_People%27s_Republic" title="Tuvan People&#39;s Republic">Tuvan People's Republic</a> was founded in the same year, the party held <a href="/wiki/Single-party" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-party">single-party</a> control over its government as a <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard party">vanguard party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvan_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Soviet sponsorship, a conference of Tuvan revolutionaries convened on 29 October 1921, and an organization bureau was formed. The first Congress met on 28 February 1922, when the Tuvan "People's Government" was established. However, as soon as the Second Congress convened on 6 July 1923, the former party was dissolved because of Soviet dissatisfaction, and a new one was organized. The Fourth Congress met in October 1925; the Seventh Congress, in 1928. The Central Committee was authorized to establish party cells and branches of the league of revolutionary youth throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the party in 1929 the right-wing leadership, which had intended to retain <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> as a state religion in the old sense, in contradiction to the proclaimed constitution, was completely destroyed. Under the watchword of "antifeudal revolution," the Eighth Congress paved the way for socialist reconstruction and collectivization. When, in April–May 1930, the so-called "counterrevolution of the Tuvan nobles and the Russian kulak-colonists" broke out with the intent "to overthrow the 'Revolutionary Government,'" it was also put down by force. Resolutions were adopted in the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party to confiscate the property of the exploiter class, to conduct agricultural collectivization "on an unconditionally voluntary basis," "to struggle for complete independence from the imperialist countries and to co-operate closely with the oppressed peoples and the working class of the whole world."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A prominent figure in its initial stage was <a href="/wiki/Donduk_Kuular" title="Donduk Kuular">Donduk Kuular</a>. In 1929–1932 a political shift occurred, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/1929_Tuvan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1929 Tuvan coup d&#39;état">1929 Tuvan coup d'état</a>, as nationalist elements of the party, including Kuular, were purged. The leadership of the party was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Salchak_Toka" title="Salchak Toka">Salchak Toka</a>. </p><p>The party was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Comintern</a> as a "sympathizing party" at its <a href="/wiki/7th_World_Congress_of_the_Comintern" title="7th World Congress of the Comintern">Seventh Congress</a> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvan_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a>: <span lang="tyv">Тьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠦ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠲᠤᠧᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mn-Mong" class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠠᠮ</span>, [Tangnu Tuva-yin arad-un qubisγal-tu nam] <span style="color:#d33">Error: [undefined] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: missing language / script code (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span>: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 30) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvan_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter S. H. Tang. <i> Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931</i>. London: Duke University Press., 1959. p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Malaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia</i> (1st ed.), Vol. VIII, col. 989 (in Russian). Cited in Tang, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Degras. <i>Communist International: Documents, 1919–1943</i>. digital print ed. London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 2005. p. 346.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐645858d48f‐5r2wk Cached time: 20241202155848 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.590 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2308/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35791/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5389/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21166/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.254/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17292553/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 458.156 1 -total 35.28% 161.643 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese 32.02% 146.702 1 Template:Infobox_political_party 28.77% 131.824 1 Template:Infobox 15.30% 70.094 1 Template:Short_description 8.52% 39.034 2 Template:Pagetype 8.42% 38.589 1 Template:Hlist 5.28% 24.193 15 Template:If_empty 4.80% 21.975 1 Template:Authority_control 4.64% 21.277 8 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:10815000:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202155848 and revision id 1250822695. 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