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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>ఇటీవలి మార్పులు</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span>కొత్త పేజీలు</span></a></li><li id="n-దస్త్రం-ఎక్కింపు" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:File_Upload_Wizard"><span>దస్త్రం ఎక్కింపు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="వికీపీడియా" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-te.svg" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ఒక స్వేచ్ఛా విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-te.svg" width="119" height="16" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>వెతుకు</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">వెతుకు</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="స్వరూపం"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="స్వరూపం" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">స్వరూపం</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te" class=""><span>విరాళాలు</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు" class=""><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>లాగినవండి</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="వాడుకరి మెనూ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te"><span>విరాళాలు</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>తోడ్పడండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eఈ నోటీసును తొలగించు\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"te\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"wikitable\"\u003E\n\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr style=\"align:center; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f1ff81; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cbig\u003Eవికీ పాఠకులే వికీ రచయితలు!\n\u003C/big\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr style=\"align:center; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #fff1ff; text-align: left;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Eవికీలో వ్యాసాలు రాస్తున్నది ఎక్స్పర్టులూ, సబ్జెక్టు నిపుణులూ కాదు. ఇక్కడ సాధారణ పాఠకులే వ్యాసాలు రాస్తారు. అందరూ కలిసి పరస్పర సహకారంతో, సమన్వయంతో పనిచేస్తూ వ్యాసాలను రాస్తారు. వివిధ వనరుల్లోంచి సమాచారాన్ని సేకరించి, ఆ మూలాలను ఉదహరిస్తూ ఆ సమాచారాన్ని వికీలో చేరుస్తారు. మరింత సమాచారం కోసం \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా:పరిచయము\u003C/a\u003E చూడండి. ఈ పనిలో మీరూ భాగం పంచుకోవచ్చు. వికీలో \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%3F\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:అకౌంటు ఎందుకు సృష్టించుకోవాలి?\"\u003Eఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి\u003C/a\u003E. మీకు ఆసక్తి ఉన్న విషయం గురించిన సమాచారాన్ని రాసి, వికీ అభివృద్ధిలో మీరూ తోడ్పడండి. ఈ విషయంలో సందేహమేమైనా ఉంటే \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82\" title=\"వికీపీడియా:సహాయ కేంద్రం\"\u003Eవికీపీడియా సహాయకేంద్రంలో\u003C/a\u003E అడగండి.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eతెలుగు వికీపీడియా గురించి మరింత అవగాహన కొరకు \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf\" class=\"mw-file-description\" title=\"వికీపీడియా గురించి మీకు తెలుసా?\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"వికీపీడియా గురించి మీకు తెలుసా?\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-50px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"77\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-75px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf/page1-100px-Wikipedia_Gurinchi_Meeku_Telusa%3F.pdf.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"825\" data-file-height=\"1275\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E ఈ బొమ్మపై నొక్కి తెలుగు వికీపీడియాను పరిచయం చేసే పుస్తకం చూడండి.\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">విషయ సూచిక</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">సైడ్‌బార్‌ లోకి తరలించు</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#సీసము_భౌతిక_ధర్మాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>సీసము భౌతిక ధర్మాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-సీసము_భౌతిక_ధర్మాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-రసాయనిక_చర్యలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#రసాయనిక_చర్యలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>రసాయనిక చర్యలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-రసాయనిక_చర్యలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ఉపయోగాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ఉపయోగాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ఉపయోగాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ఉపయోగాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-సీసం_వలన_అనర్థాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#సీసం_వలన_అనర్థాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>సీసం వలన అనర్థాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-సీసం_వలన_అనర్థాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-చిత్రమాలిక" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#చిత్రమాలిక"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>చిత్రమాలిక</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-చిత్రమాలిక-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-మూలాలు" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#మూలాలు"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>మూలాలు</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-మూలాలు-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="విషయ సూచిక" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">సీసము (మూలకము)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 174 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 భాషలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead" title="Lead – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lead" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8" title="ಸೀಸ – కన్నడ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೀಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="కన్నడ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈயம் – తమిళం" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കറുത്തീയം – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കറുത്തീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D3%80%D0%BE" title="ПцашӀо – అడిగాబ్జే" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="ПцашӀо" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="అడిగాబ్జే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood" title="Lood – ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B3%E1%88%B5" title="እርሳስ – అమ్హారిక్" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እርሳስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="అమ్హారిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – అరగోనిస్" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="అరగోనిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%93ad" title="Lēad – ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lēad" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ప్రాచీన ఆంగ్లం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – ఆంగిక" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ఆంగిక" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5" title="رصاص – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رصاص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="لدون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لدون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5" title="رصاص – ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رصاص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ఈజిప్షియన్ అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomu" title="Plomu – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plomu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%C4%9Fu%C5%9Fun" title="Qurğuşun – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qurğuşun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ҡурғаш – బాష్కిర్" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡурғаш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="బాష్కిర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – బాలినీస్" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="బాలినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingga" title="Tingga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tingga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Свінец – బెలారుషియన్" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свінец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="బెలారుషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Волава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Волава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="সীসা – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সীসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞ་ཉེ། – టిబెటన్" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞ་ཉེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="టిబెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plom" title="Plom – బ్రెటన్" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="బ్రెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plom" title="Plom – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2ng_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – సెబువానో" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="సెబువానో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82" title="ᎦᏂ – చెరోకీ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="చెరోకీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DA%95%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85" title="قوڕقوشم – సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوڕقوشم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="సెంట్రల్ కర్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piombu" title="Piombu – కోర్సికన్" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Piombu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="కోర్సికన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хура тăхлан – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хура тăхлан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plwm" title="Plwm – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – డానిష్" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="డానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blei" title="Blei – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6m_thi%C9%9Bk" title="Yöm thiɛk – డింకా" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Yöm thiɛk" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="డింకా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μόλυβδος – గ్రీక్" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόλυβδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="గ్రీక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbo" title="Plumbo – ఎస్పెరాంటో" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plumbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ఎస్పెరాంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plii" title="Plii – ఎస్టోనియన్" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plii" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ఎస్టోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berun" title="Berun – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promu" title="Promu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Promu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سرب – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyijy" title="Lyijy – ఫిన్నిష్" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lyijy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ఫిన్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%BDggj" title="Blýggj – ఫారోస్" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Blýggj" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ఫారోస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plomb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luad_(element)" title="Luad (element) – ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luad (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomp" title="Plomp – ఫ్రియులియన్" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Plomp" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రియులియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(elemint)" title="Lead (elemint) – పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lead (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luaidhe" title="Luaidhe – ఐరిష్" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luaidhe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ఐరిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luaidhe" title="Luaidhe – స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luaidhe" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chumbo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="સીસું – గుజరాతీ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સીસું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="గుజరాతీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leoaie" title="Leoaie – మాంక్స్" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Leoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="మాంక్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A8n" title="Yèn – హక్కా చైనీస్" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yèn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="హక్కా చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93pau" title="Kēpau – హవాయియన్" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kēpau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="హవాయియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="עופרת – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עופרת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raanga" title="Raanga – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Raanga" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo_(element)" title="Olovo (element) – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Olovo (element)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plon" title="Plon – హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93lom" title="Ólom – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ólom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կապար – ఆర్మీనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կապար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կապար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbo" title="Plumbo – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Plumbo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombo" title="Plombo – ఈడో" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plombo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ఈడో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%BD" title="Blý – ఐస్లాండిక్" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blý" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ఐస్లాండిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piombo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cnisa" title="cnisa – లోజ్బాన్" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cnisa" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="లోజ్బాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტყვია – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტყვია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldun" title="Aldun – కాబిల్" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aldun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="కాబిల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9l%C9%94mb%C9%A9" title="Pɩlɔmbɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩlɔmbɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қорғасын – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қорғасын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A9" title="납 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="납" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ширись – కోమి-పర్మాక్" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ширись" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="కోమి-పర్మాక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirb" title="Sirb – కుర్దిష్" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sirb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="కుర్దిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ширысь – కోమి" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ширысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="కోమి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plobm" title="Plobm – కోర్నిష్" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plobm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="కోర్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Коргошун – కిర్గిజ్" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коргошун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="కిర్గిజ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum – లాటిన్" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plumbum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="లాటిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A4i" title="Bläi – లక్సెంబర్గిష్" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bläi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="లక్సెంబర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%83%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B8" title="ЧӀутӀи – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЧӀутӀи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кьуркьушум – లేజ్ఘియన్" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кьуркьушум" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="లేజ్ఘియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loead" title="Loead – లిమ్బర్గిష్" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Loead" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="లిమ్బర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciongio" title="Ciongio – లిగూరియన్" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ciongio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="లిగూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion" title="Pion – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pion" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piomb" title="Piomb – లొంబార్ద్" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Piomb" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="లొంబార్ద్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vinas" title="Švinas – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Švinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svins" title="Svins – లాట్వియన్" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="లాట్వియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Киви – మోక్ష" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Киви" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="మోక్ష" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firamainty" title="Firamainty – మలగాసి" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Firamainty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="మలగాసి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C4%81_(konganuku)" title="Matā (konganuku) – మావొరీ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Matā (konganuku)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="మావొరీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Хар тугалга – మంగోలియన్" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хар тугалга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="మంగోలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97_(%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F)" title="ꯂꯤꯗ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ) – మణిపురి" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯗ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="మణిపురి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87" title="शिसे – మరాఠీ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिसे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="మరాఠీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B9%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Вӹдвулны – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вӹдвулны" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum – మలయ్" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plumbum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="మలయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2_(%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF)" title="ခဲ (သတ္တု) – బర్మీస్" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခဲ (သတ္တု)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="బర్మీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Киве – ఎర్జియా" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киве" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ఎర్జియా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سرب – మాసన్‌దెరాని" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سرب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="మాసన్‌దెరాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temetztli" title="Temetztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Temetztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiummo" title="Chiummo – నియాపోలిటన్" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Chiummo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="నియాపోలిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blie" title="Blie – లో జర్మన్" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="లో జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – నేపాలీ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="నేపాలీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="लिड – నెవారి" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="నెవారి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood_(element)" title="Lood (element) – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lood (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbe" title="Plumbe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Plumbe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dily%C4%AF%CC%81h%C3%AD" title="Dilyį́hí – నవాజొ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dilyį́hí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="నవాజొ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb – ఆక్సిటన్" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plomb" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ఆక్సిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jygeitina" title="Jygeitina – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jygeitina" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilaalii" title="Dilaalii – ఒరోమో" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dilaalii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ఒరోమో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE" title="ସୀସା – ఒడియా" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୀସା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ఒడియా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Зды – ఒసేటిక్" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зды" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ఒసేటిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਸਿੱਕਾ (ਧਾਤ) – పంజాబీ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੱਕਾ (ਧਾਤ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="పంజాబీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="लिड – పాలీ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="పాలీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ołów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piomb" title="Piomb – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piomb" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="سیسا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%DA%89" title="لېډ – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chumbo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titi" title="Titi – కెచువా" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Titi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="కెచువా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb – రొమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plumb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రొమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliumbu" title="Pliumbu – ఆరోమేనియన్" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pliumbu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ఆరోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Свинец – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свинец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सीसम् – సంస్కృతం" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सीसम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="సంస్కృతం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prumu" title="Prumu – సార్డీనియన్" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Prumu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="సార్డీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiummu" title="Chiummu – సిసిలియన్" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chiummu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="సిసిలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leid_(element)" title="Leid (element) – స్కాట్స్" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leid (element)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="స్కాట్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%88" title="شيھو – సింధీ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شيھو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="సింధీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead" title="Lead – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lead" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="విశేష వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svinec" title="Svinec – స్లోవేనియన్" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svinec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutobvu" title="Mutobvu – షోన" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutobvu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="షోన" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasaas" title="Rasaas – సోమాలి" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rasaas" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="సోమాలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbi_(element_kimik)" title="Plumbi (element kimik) – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Plumbi (element kimik)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood" title="Lood – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lood" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – సండానీస్" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="సండానీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – స్వీడిష్" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="స్వీడిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risasi_(metali)" title="Risasi (metali) – స్వాహిలి" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Risasi (metali)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="స్వాహిలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Сурб – తజిక్" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сурб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="తజిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7" title="ตะกั่ว – థాయ్" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะกั่ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="థాయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingga" title="Tingga – టగలాగ్" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tingga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="టగలాగ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun" title="Kurşun – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurşun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кургаш – టాటర్" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кургаш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="టాటర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B4%DB%87%D9%86" title="قوغۇشۇن – ఉయ్‌ఘర్" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قوغۇشۇن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ఉయ్‌ఘర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Свинець – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свинець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%81" title="سیسہ – ఉర్దూ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیسہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ఉర్దూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBrg%CA%BBoshin" title="Qoʻrgʻoshin – ఉజ్బెక్" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻrgʻoshin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ఉజ్బెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pionbo" title="Pionbo – వెనీషియన్" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pionbo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="వెనీషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahktin" title="Hahktin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hahktin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbin" title="Plumbin – వోలాపుక్" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Plumbin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="వోలాపుక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonk" title="Plonk – వాలూన్" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plonk" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="వాలూన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingg%C3%A2" title="Tinggâ – వారే" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinggâ" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="వారే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хорлаҗин – కల్మిక్" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хорлаҗин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="కల్మిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტყვია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტყვია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99" title="בליי – ఇడ్డిష్" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בליי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ఇడ్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92j%C3%A9" title="Òjé – యోరుబా" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òjé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="యోరుబా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yienz" title="Yienz – జువాన్" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="జువాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2n" title="Iân – మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthofu" title="Umthofu – జూలూ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umthofu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="జూలూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q708#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="భాషాలింకులను మార్చు" class="wbc-editpage">లంకెలను మార్చు</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="పేరుబరులు"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)" title="విషయపు పేజీని చూడండి [c]" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">వికీపీడియా నుండి</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="te" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element, symbol Pb and atomic number <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:SHORTDESC:Chemical_element,_symbol_Pb_and_atomic_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:SHORTDESC:Chemical element, symbol Pb and atomic number (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">మూస:SHORTDESC:Chemical element, symbol Pb and atomic number</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4378490">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4171833">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap">సీసము, <sub>00</sub>Pb</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small gray metal cube surrounded by three gray metal nuggets in front of a light gray background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5260" data-file-height="3341" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">సీసము</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="సహాయం:IPA/English (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <wbr /><span class="nowrap">(<span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key"><i>led</i></a></span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">metallic gray</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4378490"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; background: transparant;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_atomic_weight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard atomic weight (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2615630">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(Pb)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3779865">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002206140000000000♠"></span>206.14</span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002207940000000000♠"></span>207.94</span>]<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002207200000000000♠"></span>207.2<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.1</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_atomic_weight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard atomic weight (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">సీసము in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hydrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Helium" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Beryllium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Boron" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Carbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Oxygen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Fluorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neon" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Sodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Silicon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Phosphorus</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Chlorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Argon" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Potassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Calcium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Scandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Manganese</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nickel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Copper</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Zinc</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Arsenic</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Selenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bromine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Krypton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununtrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununtrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununpentium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununseptium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununoctium</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="తగరము">Sn</a><br />↑<br /><strong>Pb</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఫ్లెరోవియం">Fl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="థలియం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">థలియం</a> ← <strong>సీసము</strong> → <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="బిస్మత్">బిస్మత్</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">group 14 (carbon group)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">period 6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: p-block" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#fdff8c"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#p-block" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">p-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_configuration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron configuration (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 6p<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phase_(matter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phase (matter) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2615630"><span class="nobold">at <span title="STP: standard temperature and pressure: 0 °C and 101.325 kPa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_temperature_and_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard temperature and pressure (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">STP</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">solid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">600.61 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a> (327.46 °C, 621.43 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2022 K (1749 °C, 3180 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" class="mw-redirect" title="Density">Density</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(near <abbr title="room temperature">r.t.</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">11.34 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal;">when liquid (at <abbr title="melting point">m.p.</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">10.66 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_fusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of fusion (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.77 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_vaporization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of vaporization (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">179.5 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molar_heat_capacity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molar heat capacity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26.650 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Vapor pressure"><b>Vapor pressure</b></a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure"><i>P</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature"><i>T</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>978 </td> <td>1088 </td> <td>1229 </td> <td>1412 </td> <td>1660 </td> <td>2027 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidation_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidation state (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Oxidation state</a>s</th><td class="infobox-data">−4, −2, −1, 0,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +1, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+2</b></span>, +3, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+4</b></span> (an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphoterism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphoterism (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">amphoteric</a> oxide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 1.87 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radius (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 175 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Covalent_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Covalent radius (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">146±5 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Waals_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Waals radius (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">202 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Lead_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lead_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Lead_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lead_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Lead_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lead_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Lead_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectral_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectral line (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Spectral line</a>s of సీసము</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_nuclide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial nuclide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubic_crystal_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubic crystal system (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">face-centered cubic</a> (fcc)<div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Face-centered cubic crystal structure for సీసము" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed of sound (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Speed of sound</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">thin rod</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(annealed)<br />1190 m/s (at <abbr title="room temperature">r.t.</abbr>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_conductivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal conductivity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35.3 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">208 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetism (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diamagnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diamagnetism (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">diamagnetic</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young%27s_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Young's modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shear_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shear modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.6 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulk_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulk modulus (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">46 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poisson%27s_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poisson's ratio (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.44 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Mohs hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinell_hardness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinell hardness test (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Brinell hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.0 HB = 38.3 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_Registry_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS Registry Number (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7439-92-1 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Middle East</a>erns<span class="nowrap"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=7000_BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7000 BC (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">7000 BC</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">"Pb": from Latin <i><a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/plumbum#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:plumbum">plumbum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక">ఆవర్తన పట్టికలో</a> 14 వ సముహమునకు చెందిన <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మూలకము">మూలకం</a><sup id="cite_ref-lead_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.14 వ సమూహాన్ని<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్">కార్బను</a> సముదాయం అనికూడా అంటారు. ఈ మూలకం యొక్క <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="పరమాణు సంఖ్య">పరమాణు సంఖ్య</a> 82 .సీసము యొక్క సంకేత ఆక్షర Pb. సీసమును లాటిన్ లో ప్లంబం (plumbum) అంటారు. పదములోని మొదటి, 5వ ఆక్షరాన్నికలిపిPb అని ఈ మూలకం యొక్క సంకేత ఆక్షరంగా నిర్ణయించారు. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక">ఆవర్తన పట్టికలో</a> దీని స్థానం <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="థాలియం">థాలియంకు</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="బిస్మత్">బిస్మత్కు</a> మధ్యన ఉంటుంది. సీసమును చాలా యేళ్ళుగా మనిషి ఉపయోగిస్తూ వచ్చాడు. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ఇతిహాసం"><span id=".E0.B0.87.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.B9.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.82"></span>ఇతిహాసం</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఇతిహాసం"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసము మానవునిచే కొన్ని వేలఏండ్లుగా వాడబడుచున్నది. అంతేకాదు ముడి ఖనిజం నుండి కరగించి వేరు చెయ్యడం కూడా సులభం. ప్రస్తుతం <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ">టర్కీ</a> అని పిలవబడే ఒకప్పటి కాటల్ హోయుక్ (catalhoyuk)లో క్రీ.పూ.6400నాటి సీసపు పూసలను కనుగొన్నారు<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="గ్రీకు">గ్రీకులు</a> స్రీ.శ.650 నాటికే భారీప్రమాణంలో సీసము మూడుఖనిజాన్ని త్రవ్వితియ్యడమే కాకుండ, దానినుండి తెల్లసీసాన్ని ఉత్పత్తి చేసేవారు.200వేల సంవత్సరాలకు పైగా దీనిని రంగులపరిశ్రమలో విరివిగా వాడెవారు.<sup id="cite_ref-lead_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lead-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తొలి కంచుకాలంలో సీసమును <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఆంటిమొని">ఆంటిమొని</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్సెనిక్">ఆర్సెనిక్</a> కలిపి ఉపయోగించేవారు.17 వ శతాబ్ది వరకు తగరానికి సీసానికి వ్యత్యాసాన్ని సరిగ్గా గుర్తించలేక పొయ్యేవారు. రెండింటిని ఒకటిగానే భావించేవారు. సీసాన్ని ప్లంబం నిగ్రం (plumbum nigrum:నల్ల సీసం), తగరాన్ని ప్లంబం కాండిడం (plumbum candidum:బ్రైట్ సీసము)అని పిలిచేవారు. </p><p>పూర్వపుకాలం వాళ్ళు సీసమును విగ్రహాలు,నాణెములు,పాత్రలు, వ్రాతబల్లలు తయారు చేసెవారు.<sup id="cite_ref-plumb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plumb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> రోమనులు సీసాన్ని ప్లంబం నిగ్రం (plumbum nigrum:నల్ల సీసం)అని,తగరాన్నిప్లంబం అల్బం (‘plumbum album)అనివ్యహరీంఛేవారు. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ఉనికి_-లభ్యత"><span id=".E0.B0.89.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95.E0.B0.BF_-.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.AD.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A4"></span>ఉనికి -లభ్యత</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఉనికి -లభ్యత"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సూర్య వాతావరణం లో సీసం ఉన్నది.అలాగే వేడి మరుగుజ్జు నక్షత్రాలలోను(hot subdwarfs)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> పుష్కలంగా లభించును. విడిగా లోహరూపంలో ప్రకృతిలో అరుదుగా లభించును. సీసం సాధారణంగా <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="జింకు">జింకు</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="వెండి">వెండి</a> , <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF" title="రాగి">రాగి</a> ముడిఖనిజాలలో ఉన్నందున,<sup id="cite_ref-sisam_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sisam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> లోహఉత్పత్తి సమయంలో వాటితో పాటు సీసం కూడా వేరు చేయ్యబడుతుంది. సీసాన్ని ఎక్కువ ప్రమాణంలో కలిగిఉన్న <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ఖనిజాలు (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఖనిజం</a> గలేనా (galena;PbS), ఇందులో 86.6% సీసం ఉన్నది. సీసం యొక్క మిగతా ముడి ఖనిజాలు సేరుస్ సైట్(cerussite:PbCO<sub>3</sub>), ఏంగిల్ సైట్ (PbSO<sub>4</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, (Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). భూమి మట్టిలోపల 1.4×10<sup>1</sup>మి.గ్రాం/కిలో;సముద్రంలో 3×10-5మి.గ్రాం/లీటరుకు.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="సీసము_భౌతిక_ధర్మాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.81_.E0.B0.AD.E0.B1.8C.E0.B0.A4.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.A7.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>సీసము భౌతిక ధర్మాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సీసము భౌతిక ధర్మాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసము ఒక <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు">లోహ మూలకం</a>. ఇది మృదువుగా ఉండి, సాగకొట్టిన సులభంగా కావలసిన రూపంలోకి సాగును. అంతే కాకుండా బలమైన పరివర్తకోత్తర లోహ మూలకము (post-transition metal). తాజా సీసము నీలిచాయతో తెల్లగా ఉండును. కాని గాలితో సంపర్కము వలన లేత బూడిదరంగుకు మార్పు చెందును. సీసమును కరిగించినప్పుడు <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం">క్రోమియం</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="వెండి">వెండి</a> ల వన్నెకలిగి మెరుస్తుంది.ఇది అతి భారమైన రేడియో ధార్మికగుణ రహితమైన మూలకము. ఇది స్థిరమైన మూలకాలలో ఎక్కువ పరమాణు సంఖ్య కలిగి ఉన్న మూలకం. సాధారణ గదిఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ఘనస్థితిలో సీసముయొక్క సాంద్రత 11.34 గ్రాము/సెం.మీ <sup>3</sup>. ద్రవ స్థితిలో(ద్రవీభవ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద)సాంద్రత 10.66 గ్రాములు /సెం.మీ<sup>3</sup>. పరమాణు ద్రవ్యరాశి 207.21 , అణువు స్పటికం కేంద్రికృతఘనాకృతి. సీసము యొక్క <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవీభవన స్థానం">ద్రవీభవన స్థానం</a>327.46°C . సీసము యొక్క <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="మరుగు స్థానం">మరుగు స్థానం</a>1749°C . ఎక్కువ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4" title="సాంద్రత">సాంద్రత</a> కలిగిన లోహ మూలకం సీసము. </p><p>మూలకం తక్కువ విద్యుత్తు వాహకతత్వమును ప్రదర్శించును. కాని ఎక్కువ క్షయికరణను తట్టుకునే గుణం, ఆర్గానిక్ రసాయనాలలో చర్యజరిపే గుణాన్ని కలిగిఉన్నది. ఇతర లోహాలను సీసములో అంశి భూతం గా కలపడం వలన సీసము యొక్క ధర్మాలలో గుణాత్మకమైన మార్పులు ఏర్పడును. ఈ మూలకంలో రాగి లేదా ఆంటిమొనిలను కలుపుట వలన సీసలోహం యొక్క దృఢత్వము పెరగడమే కాకుండ దానికి సల్పూరిక్ ఆమ్లం వలన కలిగే లోహ క్షయికరణను నిరోధించే గుణం పెరుగుతుంది. </p><p>సీసము యొక్క భౌతిక లక్షణాలపట్టిక <sup id="cite_ref-plumb_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plumb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:orange; color:blue" align="center"> <td>భౌతిక లక్షణం</td> <td>పరిమితి </td></tr> <tr> <td>వర్ణం</td> <td>నీలిఛాయ బూడిదరంగు </td></tr> <tr> <td>భౌతిక స్థితి</td> <td>ఘనరూపం </td></tr> <tr> <td>పరమాణు భారం</td> <td>207.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ద్రవీభవన స్థానము</td> <td>327.46<sup>o</sup>C, 600.61 K </td></tr> <tr> <td>మరుగు స్థానము</td> <td>1750<sup>o</sup>C, 2023 K </td></tr> <tr> <td>ఎలక్ట్రానులసంఖ్య</td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ప్రోటానులు</td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>సాంద్రత,20°Cవద్ద</td> <td>11.34 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ద్రవస్థితిలో (ద్రవీభవ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద)సాంద్రత 10.66 గ్రాములు/సెం.మీ<sup>3</sup>. పరమాణు<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF" title="ద్రవ్యరాశి">ద్రవ్యరాశి</a> 207.21, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="అణువు">అణువు</a> స్పటికం కేంద్రికృత ఘనాకృతిలో నిర్మాణమై ఉండును. సీసము యొక్క ద్రవీభవస్థానము327.46 °C . సీసముయొక్క మరుగుస్థానం 1749 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="రసాయనిక_చర్యలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95_.E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.AF.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>రసాయనిక చర్యలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=4" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: రసాయనిక చర్యలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసము ఇతర రసాయనిక పదార్థాలతో జరుపు రసాయనిక చర్యలు ఈ విధంగా ఉన్నయి<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>నీటితో చర్య:నీటితోకాని,నీటి ఆవిరితోకాని ఎటువంటి చర్య లేదు.</li> <li>ఆక్సిజన్ తో చర్య:గట్టిగా వేడిచేసిన కరిగి వెండి గోళపుముద్దవలె అగును.క్రమంగా పుడి ఏర్పడును.ఉపతియలం అక్సిజను కారణంగా పుడి ఉపరితలం మీద ఏర్పడును. పుడి వేడిగా ఉన్నప్పుడు ఆరెంజిరంగులో,చల్లారినప్పుడు పసుపురంగుకు మారును.</li></ul> <p>lead + oxygen —> lead (II) oxide </p><p>2Pb (s) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) —> 2PbO (s) </p> <dl><dt>సజల ఆమ్లాలతో చర్య</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>హైడ్రోక్లోరిక్‌ఆమ్లం: సీసము సజల హైడ్రోక్లోరిక్ ఆమ్లంతో చర్యలో పాల్గొనును.ఫలితంగా లెడ్ క్లోరైడ్, హైడ్రోజన్ వాయువు ఏర్పడును.</li></ul> <p>lead + hydrochloric acid —> lead chloride + hydrogen Pb (s) + 2HCl (aq) —> PbCl<sub>2</sub> (aq) + H2 (g) </p> <ul><li>సల్ఫ్యూరిక్‌ ఆమ్లం:సజల సల్ఫ్యూరిక్ ఆమ్లంతో సీసము నెమ్మదిగా చర్య జరుపును.ఫలితంగా లెడ్ సల్ఫేట్, హఈడ్రోజన్ వాయువు వెలువడును.</li></ul> <p>lead + sulphuric acid —> lead sulphate + hydrogen </p><p>Pb (s) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (aq) —> PbSO<sub>4</sub> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub> (g) </p> <ul><li>నత్రికామ్లంతో:సజల నత్రికామ్లంతో కూడా చర్య మందకోడిగా జరుగును.ఫలితంగా లెడ్ నైట్రేట్, హైడ్రోజన్ వాయువు వెలువడును.</li></ul> <p>lead + nitric acid —> lead nitrate + hydrogen </p><p>Fe (s) + 2HNO<sub>3</sub> (aq) —> Fe (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub> (g) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)"><span id=".E0.B0.90.E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.9F.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.AA.E0.B1.81.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81.28Isotopes.29"></span>ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=5" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఐసోటోపులు(Isotopes)"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసము 4 ఐసోటోపులను కలిగి, ప్రతి ఐసోటోపు 82 ప్రోటానులను కలిగి ఉండును. ఇది ఒక మ్యాజిక్ సంఖ్య.<sup>208</sup> Pb ఐసోటోపు 126 న్యుట్రానులను కలిగి ఉండును. ఇది కూడా ఒక మ్యాజిక్ నంబరు. మ్యాజిక్ నంబరు అనగా పరమాణు కేంద్రకంలోని ఆవరణలోనే పూర్తిగా అమరిఉండిన న్యూక్లియాన్ల (ప్రోటనులు లేదా న్యూట్రోనులు)సంఖ్య. 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82,, 126 (sequence A018226 in OEIS)లు మ్యాజిక్ సంఖ్యలు.<sup>126</sup>Pb ఐసోటోపు 126 న్యుట్రానులను కలిగి ఉండును. ఇదికూడా ఒక మ్యాజిక్ నంబరు.<sup>208</sup>Pb ఐసోటోపు ఇప్పటికి తెలిసినంతవరకు భారమైన స్థిర ఐసోటోపు. </p><p><b>స్వాభావికంగా లభించే సీసము ఐసోటోపులు </b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:orange; color:blue" align="center"> <td>ఐసోటోపు</td> <td>ద్రవ్య సంఖ్య</td> <td>అర్ధజీవితకాల వ్యవధి</td> <td>లభ్యత </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>204</sup>Pb</td> <td>204</td> <td>>= 1.4×10<sup>+17</sup> ఏండ్లు</td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>206</sup>Pb</td> <td>206</td> <td>స్థిరం</td> <td>24.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>207</sup>Pb</td> <td>207</td> <td>స్థిరం</td> <td>22.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb</td> <td>208</td> <td>స్థిరం</td> <td>52.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ఉపయోగాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.89.E0.B0.AA.E0.B0.AF.E0.B1.8B.E0.B0.97.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>ఉపయోగాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=6" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: ఉపయోగాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసమును గృహనిర్మాణావసరాలలో వాడెదరు. సీసాన్ని, సీసం-ఆమ్ల విద్యుత్ ఘటకాలలో,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> తూటాలలో,తూకపు గుళ్ళలో వినియోగించెదరు.తక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రతలో కరిగే మిశ్రమధాతువులను తయారు చేయుటకు,, రెడియెసను/ధార్మికశక్తి నుండి రక్షణకల్పించు పరికరాలలో సీసమును వాడెదరు. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="సీసం_వలన_అనర్థాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.B8.E0.B1.80.E0.B0.B8.E0.B0.82_.E0.B0.B5.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.A8_.E0.B0.85.E0.B0.A8.E0.B0.B0.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.A5.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>సీసం వలన అనర్థాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=7" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: సీసం వలన అనర్థాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>సీసాన్ని అధిక ప్రమాణంతో లోపలి తీసుకున్న మనుష్యులకు, జంతువులకు ప్రమాదం. నాడీ వ్యవస్థను నాశనం కావించి, మెదడు పని తీరుపై ప్రభావం చూపించును. అధిక సీసము ఉన్నచో క్షీరదాలలో రక్తాన్ని అస్తవ్యస్థ పరచును. సీసము నాడి వ్యవస్థపై దుష్ప్రభావము కల్గించును. పురాతన రోమ్, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="గ్రీసు">గ్రీసు</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="చైనా">చైనా</a> లలో సీసమును విషంగా ఉపయోగించిన రుజువులు ఉన్నాయి . </p><p>దీర్ఘకాలంగా జింకు ప్రభావంనకు లోనైన, గురైన వారి ఆరోగ్యంపై జింకు తీవ్రమైన దుష్ప్రభావం కల్గిస్తుంది.దీనివల రక్తవత్తిడి పెరగడం,సంతానోత్పత్తి శక్తి తగ్గిపోవటం, కంటిలో శుక్లాలు ఏర్పడటం, కండరాల, కీళ్ళనొప్పులు రావడం, నాడీవ్యవస్థలో బలహీనతలు, జ్ఞాపకశక్తి మందగించడం వంటివి ఏర్పడును<sup id="cite_ref-sisam_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sisam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="చిత్రమాలిక"><span id=".E0.B0.9A.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.A4.E0.B1.8D.E0.B0.B0.E0.B0.AE.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BF.E0.B0.95"></span>చిత్రమాలిక</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=8" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: చిత్రమాలిక"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/120px-DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/180px-DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/240px-DSC00125_-_Tubi_di_piombo_romani_-_Foto_di_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">రోమను కాలంనాటి సీసపు గొట్టం,కుళాయి</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Lead_pipe_Bath.jpg" 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alt="8వ శతాబ్దికి చెందిన, సీసంనుపయోగించి పలురంగులను చిత్రికరించిన పింగాణి పాత్ర" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg/108px-Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg/162px-Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg/216px-Lead_glazed_ceramic_cup_Tang_China_8th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> 8వ శతాబ్దికి చెందిన, సీసంనుపయోగించి పలురంగులను చిత్రికరించిన పింగాణి పాత్ర </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:VeniceLead1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punched lead cast in a Venice bridge wall fixing the hard-metal connecting bar"><img alt="Punched lead cast in a Venice bridge wall fixing the hard-metal connecting bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/VeniceLead1.jpg/120px-VeniceLead1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/VeniceLead1.jpg/180px-VeniceLead1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/VeniceLead1.jpg/240px-VeniceLead1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Punched lead cast in a Venice bridge wall fixing the hard-metal connecting bar</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="మూలాలు"><span id=".E0.B0.AE.E0.B1.82.E0.B0.B2.E0.B0.BE.E0.B0.B2.E0.B1.81"></span>మూలాలు</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)&action=edit&section=9" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: మూలాలు"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4300226">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/lead.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Lead"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">CIAAW</a>. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Lead&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Flead.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> (in ఇంగ్లీష్). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pb(0) carbonyls have been observered in reaction between lead atoms and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_monoxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon monoxide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">carbon monoxide</a>; see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFLingQiang2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1834915">"Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb<sub>n</sub>CO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon"</a>. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3): 034505</i>. <b>122</b> (3): 34505. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JChPh.122c4505J">2005JChPh.122c4505J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1834915">10.1063/1.1834915</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9606">0021-9606</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15740207">15740207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Physics.+122+%283%29%3A+034505&rft.atitle=Observation+of+the+lead+carbonyls+Pb%3Csub%3En%3C%2Fsub%3ECO+%28n%3D1%E2%80%934%29%3A+Reactions+of+lead+atoms+and+small+clusters+with+carbon+monoxide+in+solid+argon&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=34505&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1834915&rft.issn=0021-9606&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15740207&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JChPh.122c4505J&rft.aulast=Ling&rft.aufirst=Jiang&rft.au=Qiang%2C+Xu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faip.scitation.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1834915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lead-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lead_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lead_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/82/lead">"Lead"</a>. www.rsc.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead&rft.pub=www.rsc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fperiodic-table%2Felement%2F82%2Flead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHeskel1983" class="citation journal cs1">Heskel, Dennis L. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_1983-06_24_3/page/362">"A Model for the Adoption of Metallurgy in the Ancient Middle East"</a>. <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 362–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F203007">10.1086/203007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+the+Adoption+of+Metallurgy+in+the+Ancient+Middle+East&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=362-366&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F203007&rft.aulast=Heskel&rft.aufirst=Dennis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_current-anthropology_1983-06_24_3%2Fpage%2F362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plumb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-plumb_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-plumb_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemicool.com/elements/lead.html">"Lead Element Facts"</a>. chemicool.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+Element+Facts&rft.pub=chemicool.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemicool.com%2Felements%2Flead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFAnil_Ananthaswamy2013" class="citation journal cs1">Anil Ananthaswamy (Aug 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23972-giant-clouds-of-lead-glimpsed-on-distant-dwarf-stars.html">"Giant clouds of lead glimpsed on distant dwarf stars"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Giant+clouds+of+lead+glimpsed+on+distant+dwarf+stars&rft.date=2013-08-02&rft.au=Anil+Ananthaswamy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn23972-giant-clouds-of-lead-glimpsed-on-distant-dwarf-stars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sisam-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sisam_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sisam_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/lead">"Lead"</a>. niehs.nih.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead&rft.pub=niehs.nih.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niehs.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Ftopics%2Fagents%2Flead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWiberg,_EgonWiberg,_Nils1985" class="citation book cs1">Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). "Blei". <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i> (in German) (91–100 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 801–810. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/3-11-007511-3" title="ప్రత్యేక:పుస్తకమూలాలు/3-11-007511-3"><bdi>3-11-007511-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blei&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pages=801-810&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-11-007511-3&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Cite_book" title="మూస:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="వర్గం:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele082.html">"The Element Lead"</a>. education.jlab.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Element+Lead&rft.pub=education.jlab.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.jlab.org%2Fitselemental%2Fele082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciencepark.etacude.com/lzone/reactivity/Pb.php">"Lead, Pb"</a>. sciencepark.etacude.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead%2C+Pb&rft.pub=sciencepark.etacude.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsciencepark.etacude.com%2Flzone%2Freactivity%2FPb.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso082.html">"Isotopes of the Element Lead"</a>. education.jlab.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isotopes+of+the+Element+Lead&rft.pub=education.jlab.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.jlab.org%2Fitselemental%2Fiso082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4342780"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/lead-chemical-element-uses.htm">"lead"</a>. infoplease.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=lead&rft.pub=infoplease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fscience%2Flead-chemical-element-uses.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fte.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81+%28%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4286695">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:EditPage/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ప్రత్యేక:EditPage/మూస:రసాయన మూలకాలు"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="రసాయన_మూలకాలు283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మూలకము">రసాయన మూలకాలు</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="జడవాయువు">జడవాయువులు</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="&quot;O&quot;_గ్రూపు_మూలకాలు83" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">"O" గ్రూపు మూలకాలు</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హీలియం">హీలియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాన్">నియాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్గాన్">ఆర్గాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్రిప్టాన్">క్రిప్టాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జెనాన్">జెనాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="రేడాన్">రేడాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఉనున్‌ఆక్టియం">ఉనున్‌ఆక్టియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ప్రాతినిధ్య మూలకాలు</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">క్షారలోహాలు (గ్రూపు -1)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోజన్">హైడ్రోజన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం">లిథియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సోడియం">సోడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం">పొటాషియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రుబీడియం">రుబీడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="సీజియం">సీజియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఫ్రాన్షియం">ఫ్రాన్షియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">క్షారమృత్తిక లోహాలు (గ్రూపు-2)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బెరీలియం">బెరీలియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మాగ్నీషియం">మాగ్నీషియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాల్షియం">కాల్షియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్ట్రాన్షియం">స్ట్రాన్షియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బేరియం">బేరియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రేడియం">రేడియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">బోరాన్ సమూహం (గ్రూపు-13)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్">బోరాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అల్యూమినియం">అల్యూమినియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="గాలియం">గాలియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఇండియం">ఇండియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="థాలియం">థాలియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఉనున్‌ట్రియం">ఉనున్‌ట్రియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">కార్బన్ సమూహం (గ్రూపు-14)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్">కార్బన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్">సిలికాన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="జెర్మేనియం">జెర్మేనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="తగరము">తగరము</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">సీసము</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఫ్లెరొవియం">ఫ్లెరొవియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">నైట్రోజన్ సమూహం (గ్రూపు-15)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="నైట్రోజన్">నైట్రోజన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="భాస్వరము">పాస్పరస్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్సెనిక్">ఆర్సెనిక్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఆంటిమొని">ఆంటిమొని</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="బిస్మత్">బిస్మత్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఉనున్‌పెంటియం">ఉనున్‌పెంటియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">ఆక్సిజన్ సమూహం (గ్రూపు-16)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్సిజన్">ఆక్సిజన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="సల్ఫర్">సల్ఫర్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సెలీనియం">సెలీనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టెలూరియం">టెలూరియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొలోనియం">పొలోనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="లివర్మొరియం">లివర్మొరియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">హలోజనులు (గ్రూపు-17)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్లోరిన్">ఫ్లోరిన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్లోరిన్">క్లోరిన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బ్రోమిన్">బ్రోమిన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయోడిన్">అయోడిన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్టాటీన్">ఆస్టాటీన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఉనున్‌సెప్టియం">ఉనున్‌సెప్టియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="పరివర్తన మూలకాలు (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">పరివర్తన మూలకాలు</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="&quot;d&quot;_బ్లాకు_మూలకాలు83" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">"d" బ్లాకు మూలకాలు</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్కాండియం">స్కాండియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టైటానియం">టైటానియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వెనేడియం">వెనేడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం">క్రోమియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="మాంగనీస్">మాంగనీస్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఇనుము">ఇనుము</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కోబాల్ట్">కోబాల్ట్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నికెల్">నికెల్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF" title="రాగి">రాగి</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="జింకు">జింకు</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="యిట్రియం">యిట్రియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="నియోబియం">నియోబియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="మాలిబ్డనం">మాలిబ్డనం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టెక్నీషియం">టెక్నీషియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రుథేనియం">రుథేనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రోడియం">రోడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="పల్లాడియం">పల్లాడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="వెండి">వెండి</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాడ్మియం">కాడ్మియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లుటీషియం">లుటీషియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హాఫ్నియం">హాఫ్నియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="టాంటాలం">టాంటాలం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="టంగ్‌స్టన్">టంగ్‌స్టన్</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రీనియం">రీనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఆస్మియం">ఆస్మియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ఇరీడియం">ఇరీడియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ప్లాటినం">ప్లాటినం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="బంగారం">బంగారం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="పాదరసం">పాదరసం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లారెన్షియం">లారెన్షియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="రూథర్ఫోర్డియం">రూథర్ఫోర్డియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="డుబ్నియం">డుబ్నియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="సియాబోర్గియం">సియాబోర్గియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బోరియం">బోరియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హాసియం">హాసియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మీట్నీరియం">మీట్నీరియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="డామ్‌స్టాటియం">డామ్‌స్టాటియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రోయెంట్‌జీనియం">రోయెంట్‌జీనియం</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="కోపర్నిషియం">కోపర్నిషియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">అంతర పరివర్తన మూలకాలు</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">లాంథనైడ్లు</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="లాంథనం">లాంథనం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">ఆక్టినైడ్లు</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఆక్టీనియం">ఆక్టీనియం</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4286695"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ఆవర్తన_పట్టిక41" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4294021"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="మూస:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:Periodic_table_(navbox)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస చర్చ:Periodic table (navbox) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:EditPage/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="ప్రత్యేక:EditPage/మూస:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ఆవర్తన_పట్టిక41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక">ఆవర్తన పట్టిక</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, బోరాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="C, కార్బన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="N, నైట్రోజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="నైట్రోజన్"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="O, ఆక్సిజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్సిజన్"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="F, ఫ్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Ne, నియాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాన్"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, సోడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సోడియం"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Mg, మెగ్నీషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="మెగ్నీషియం"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, అల్యూమినియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అల్యూమినియం"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Si, సిలికాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="P, భాస్వరం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భాస్వరం"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="S, సల్ఫర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="సల్ఫర్"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cl, క్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Ar, ఆర్గాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్గాన్"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, పొటాషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Ca, కాల్షియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాల్షియం"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, స్కాండియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్కాండియం"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ti, టైటానియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టైటానియం"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="V, వెనేడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వెనేడియం"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Cr, క్రోమియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mn, మాంగనీస్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="మాంగనీస్"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Fe, ఇనుము" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఇనుము"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Co, కోబాల్ట్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కోబాల్ట్"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Ni, నికెల్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నికెల్"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cu, కాపర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="కాపర్"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zn, జింక్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="జింక్"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Og, ఒగానెస్సాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఒగానెస్సాన్"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px 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