CINXE.COM
༢༠༢༣ - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="dz" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>༢༠༢༣ - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )dzwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "༠\t༡\t༢\t༣\t༤\t༥\t༦\t༧\t༨\t༩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ།","སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ།"],"wgRequestId":"28197b43-b5f1-4aec-abfe-25a129ce9086","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"༢༠༢༣","wgTitle":"༢༠༢༣","wgCurRevisionId":28825,"wgRevisionId":28825,"wgArticleId":3980,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view", "wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["༢༠༢༣"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"dz","wgPageContentLanguage":"dz","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"༢༠༢༣","wgRelevantArticleId":3980,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"dz","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"dz"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q49622", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=dz&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=dz&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="༢༠༢༣ - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//dz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ཞུན་དག" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (dz)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//dz.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.dz"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia ཨེ་ཊོམ་ འབྱུང་ས།" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-༢༠༢༣ rootpage-༢༠༢༣ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>མ་ཤོག།</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལས་འགུལ་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ ག་ཅི་འབད་ཚུགས་ག་ འཚོལ་ཞིབ་ག་ཏེ་ལས་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་ན་"><span>མི་སྡེའི་སྒོ་ར།</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ད་ལྟོའི་འབྱུང་ལས་གུ་ རྒྱབ་གཞིའི་བརྡ་དོན་འཚོལ།"><span>ད་ལྟོའི་བྱུང་ལས།</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="ཝི་ཀི་ནང་གི་ཕྲལ་གྱི་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་ཐོ་ཡིག། [r]" accesskey="r"><span>འཕྲལ་གྱི་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="རིམ་བྲལ་ཤོག་ལེབ་ཅིག་ མངོན་གསལ་འབད། [x]" accesskey="x"><span>གང་འབྱུང་ཤོག་ལེབ།</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད་སའི་ས་གནས།"><span>གྲོགས་རམ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-dz.svg" style="width: 7.0625em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-dz.svg" width="90" height="18" style="width: 5.625em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད། [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>འཚོལ་ཞིབ།</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད།" aria-label="Wikipedia འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད།" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད། [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">འཚོལ་ཞིབ།</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="རང་དོན་ལག་ཆས།"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_dz.wikipedia.org&uselang=dz" class=""><span>ཕན་འདེབས།</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>ནང་བསྐྱོད</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="ནང་བསྐྱོད་འབད་ ཡང་ན་ མ་འབད་རུང་བཏུབ། [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="རང་དོན་ལག་ཆས།" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">རང་དོན་ལག་ཆས།</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_dz.wikipedia.org&uselang=dz"><span>ཕན་འདེབས།</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ནང་བསྐྱོད</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="ནང་བསྐྱོད་འབད་ ཡང་ན་ མ་འབད་རུང་བཏུབ། [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༡</span> <span>དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-བྱ་སྒོ།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#བྱ་སྒོ།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༢</span> <span>བྱ་སྒོ།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-བྱ་སྒོ།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-སྐྱེ་ནི།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#སྐྱེ་ནི།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༣</span> <span>སྐྱེ་ནི།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-སྐྱེ་ནི།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-འཆི་བ།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#འཆི་བ།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༤</span> <span>འཆི་བ།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-འཆི་བ།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ཁ་སྐོང༌།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ཁ་སྐོང༌།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༥</span> <span>ཁ་སྐོང༌།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ཁ་སྐོང༌།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">༢༠༢༣</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ༡༨༡ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">༡༨༡ languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨཱབ་ཁ་ཟི་ཡ་ཁ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ཨཱབ་ཁ་ཟི་ཡ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨཕ་རི་ཀཱནས་ཁ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ཨཕ་རི་ཀཱནས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སུ་ཡིས་ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="སུ་ཡིས་ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨེ་ར་བིཀ་ཁ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ཨེ་ར་བིཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9" title="২০২৩ – ཨ་ས་མིས་ཁ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="২০২৩" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ཨ་ས་མིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2023 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="2023 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨ་ཛར་བྷའི་ཇཱན་ཁ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ཨ་ཛར་བྷའི་ཇཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="۲۰۲۳ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۲۰۲۳" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2023 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="2023 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – བེལ་ཨ་རུས་ཁ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="བེལ་ཨ་རུས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – བཱལ་གེ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="བཱལ་གེ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9" title="২০২৩ – བངྒ་ལ་ཁ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০২৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="བངྒ་ལ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༢༠༢༣ལོ། – བོད་ཁ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༢༠༢༣ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="བོད་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023." title="2023. – བྷོས་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2023." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="བྷོས་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཀེ་ཊ་ལཱན་ཁ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ཀེ་ཊ་ལཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_ni%C3%A8ng" title="2023 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="2023 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A3" title="٢٠٢٣ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٢٠٢٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཅེཀ་ཁ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ཅེཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཝེལཤ་ཁ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ཝེལཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཌེ་ནིཤ་ཁ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ཌེ་ནིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – གྲིཀ་ཁ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="གྲིཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨིང་ལིཤ་ཁ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ཨིང་ལིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨེས་པ་རཱན་ཏོ་ཁ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ཨེས་པ་རཱན་ཏོ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨིས་པེ་ནིཤ་ཁ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ཨིས་པེ་ནིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨེས་ཊོ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ཨེས་ཊོ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – བཱསཀ་ཁ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="བཱསཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="۲۰۲۳ – པར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۲۰۲۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="པར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཕི་ནིཤ་ཁ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ཕི་ནིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཕཱ་རོ་ཨིས་ཁ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ཕཱ་རོ་ཨིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཕྲནཅ་ཁ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ཕྲནཅ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ནུབ་ཕྼི་སི་ཡན་ཁ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ནུབ་ཕྼི་སི་ཡན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨཱའི་རིཤ་ཁ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ཨཱའི་རིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4" title="2023年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="2023年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – གལ་ཨིས་ཨི་ཡན་ཁ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="གལ་ཨིས་ཨི་ཡན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – གུ་ཝ་ར་ནི་ཁ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="གུ་ཝ་ར་ནི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཧཝ་ས་ཁ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ཧཝ་ས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023-ngi%C3%A8n" title="2023-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="2023-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཧེ་བྲུ་ཁ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ཧེ་བྲུ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9" title="२०२३ – ཧིན་དི་ཁ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="२०२३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ཧིན་དི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023." title="2023. – ཀྲོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2023." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ཀྲོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཧཱང་གྷ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ཧཱང་གྷ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨིན་ཌོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ཨིན་ཌོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D1%88%D1%83" title="2023 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="2023 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨ་ཡིས་ལེན་ཌིཀ་ཁ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ཨ་ཡིས་ལེན་ཌིཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨི་ཊ་ལི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ཨི་ཊ་ལི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4" title="2023年 – ཇཱ་པཱ་ནིས་ཁ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2023年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ཇཱ་པཱ་ནིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཇཱ་བ་ནིས་ཁ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ཇཱ་བ་ནིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཇཽ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ཇཽ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2023 жыл – ཀ་ཛགས་ཁ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="2023 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ཀ་ཛགས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86_%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A0%E1%9F%A2%E1%9F%A3" title="ឆ្នាំ ២០២៣ – ཁེ་མེར་ཁ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆ្នាំ ២០២៣" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ཁེ་མེར་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%EB%85%84" title="2023년 – ཀོ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2023년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ཀོ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཀཱཤ་མི་རི་ཁ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ཀཱཤ་མི་རི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཀར་ཌིཤ་ཁ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ཀར་ཌིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="2023-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="2023-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཀིར་གིས་ཁ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ཀིར་གིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ལེ་ཊིན་ཁ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ལེ་ཊིན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ལག་ཛམ་བོརྒ་ཁ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ལག་ཛམ་བོརྒ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_m." title="2023 m. – ལི་ཐུ་ཝེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2023 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ལི་ཐུ་ཝེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023._gads" title="2023. gads – ལཊ་བི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2023. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ལཊ་བི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – མ་ཨོ་རི་ཁ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="མ་ཨོ་རི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – མ་སེ་ཌོ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="མ་སེ་ཌོ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="2023 он – སོག་པོའི་ཁ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="2023 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="སོག་པོའི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. २०२३ – མ་ར་ཐི་ཁ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. २०२३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="མ་ར་ཐི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – མ་ལེ་ཁ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="མ་ལེ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – མཱལ་ཊ་ཁ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="མཱལ་ཊ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%82%E1%81%83" title="၂၀၂၃ – བར་མིས་ཁ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၂၀၂၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="བར་མིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="2023 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="2023 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="۲۰۲۳ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۲۰۲۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9" title="सन् २०२३ – ནི་ཝ་རི" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् २०२३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ནི་ཝ་རི" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཌཆ་ཁ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ཌཆ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ནོརསཀ་ཁ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ནོརསཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་བོཀ་མཱལ་ཁ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་བོཀ་མཱལ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="2023-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="2023-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – པཱན་ཇ་བི་ཁ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="པཱན་ཇ་བི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9" title="२०२३ – པ་ལི" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="२०२३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="པ་ལི" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – པོ་ལིཤ་ཁ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="པོ་ལིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – པོར་ཅུ་གིས་ཁ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="པོར་ཅུ་གིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཀྭེ་ཆུ་ཨ་ཁ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ཀྭེ་ཆུ་ཨ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – རོ་མེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="རོ་མེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="2023 год – ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་ཁ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2023 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2023 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="2023 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%93" title="᱒᱐᱒᱓ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="᱒᱐᱒᱓" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%D8%B9" title="2023ع – སིན་དཱི་ཁ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="2023ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="སིན་དཱི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཤཱན་ཁ" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ཤཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སིང་ཧ་ལ་ཁ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="སིང་ཧ་ལ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སུ་ལོ་བཱཀ་ཁ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="སུ་ལོ་བཱཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སུ་ལོ་བི་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="སུ་ལོ་བི་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སོ་མ་ལི་ཁ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="སོ་མ་ལི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སཱར་བྷི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="སཱར་བྷི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སཱུན་ད་ནིས་ཁ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="སཱུན་ད་ནིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སུའི་ཌིཤ་ཁ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="སུའི་ཌིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – སྭཱ་ཧི་ལི་ཁ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="སྭཱ་ཧི་ལི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཏ་མིལ་ཁ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ཏ་མིལ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཏེ་ལུ་གུ་ཁ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ཏེ་ལུ་གུ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_2023" title="Соли 2023 – ཏ་ཇིཀ་ཁ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 2023" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ཏ་ཇིཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2566" title="พ.ศ. 2566 – ཐཱའི་ཁ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2566" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ཐཱའི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཊཱརཀ་མེན་ཁ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ཊཱརཀ་མེན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཊཱར་ཀིཤ་ཁ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ཊཱར་ཀིཤ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="2023 ел – ཊ་ཊར་ཁ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="2023 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ཊ་ཊར་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="2023 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="2023 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཝི་གུར་ཁ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ཝི་གུར་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཡུ་ཀེ་རེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ཡུ་ཀེ་རེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%D8%A1" title="2023ء – ཨུར་དུ་ཁ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="2023ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ཨུར་དུ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཨུས་བེཀ་ཁ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ཨུས་བེཀ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – བེཊ་ནཱ་མིས་ཁ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="བེཊ་ནཱ་མིས་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4" title="2023年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="2023年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – ཡོ་རུ་བ་ཁ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ཡོ་རུ་བ་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_nienz" title="2023 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="2023 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023" title="2023 – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="2023" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4" title="2023年 – རྒྱ་མི་ཁ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2023年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="རྒྱ་མི་ཁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="二〇二三年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="二〇二三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_n%C3%AE" title="2023 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="2023 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4" title="2023年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="2023年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49622#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ནང་དོན་ཤོག་ལེབ་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་གྲོས་བསྡུར།ཤོག་མིན་འདུག། [t]" accesskey="t"><span>གྲོས་བསྡུར།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ཇོང་ཁ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="མཐོང་སྣང་།"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3"><span>ལྷག</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ལག་ཆས་སྒྲོམ།" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ལག་ཆས་སྒྲོམ།</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3"><span>ལྷག</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" title="ནཱ་ལུ་ འབྲེལ་མཐུད་འབད་བའི་ཝི་ཀི་ཤོག་ལེབ་ག་ར་གི་ཐོ་ཡིག། [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ནཱ་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་འབྲེལ་མཐུད་འོང་ནི་མས།</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>འབྲེལ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས།</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=dz" title="ཡིག་སྣོད་སྐྱེལ་བཙུགས་འབད། [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ཡིག་སྣོད་སྐྱེལ་བཙུགས་འབད།</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="དམིགས་བསལ་ཤོག་ལེབ་ཚུ་གི་ཐོ་ཡིག། [q]" accesskey="q"><span>དམིགས་བསལ་ཤོག་ལེབ།</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&oldid=28825" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>རྟག་བརྟན་འབྲེལ་ལམ།</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&id=28825&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25BC%25A2%25E0%25BC%25A0%25E0%25BC%25A2%25E0%25BC%25A3"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25BC%25A2%25E0%25BC%25A0%25E0%25BC%25A2%25E0%25BC%25A3"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>དཔར་བསྐྲུན་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ཐོན་རིམ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49622" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia ལས།</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="dz" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།"><span id=".E0.BD.91.E0.BD.96.E0.BD.B4.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.81.E0.BE.B2.E0.BD.B2.E0.BD.91.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.80.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.BC.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.95.E0.BD.84.E0.BC.8C.E0.BC.8D"></span>དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="དབྱེ་ཚན་:དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ཞུན་དག་འབད།"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།ཤོག་མིན་འདུག།">མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།</a> :</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སྲིད་བློན།">སྲིད་བློན།</a> :</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="བྱ་སྒོ།"><span id=".E0.BD.96.E0.BE.B1.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A6.E0.BE.92.E0.BD.BC.E0.BC.8D"></span>བྱ་སྒོ།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="དབྱེ་ཚན་:བྱ་སྒོ། ཞུན་དག་འབད།"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="སྐྱེ་ནི།"><span id=".E0.BD.A6.E0.BE.90.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.BA.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.93.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8D"></span>སྐྱེ་ནི།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="དབྱེ་ཚན་:སྐྱེ་ནི། ཞུན་དག་འབད།"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="འཆི་བ།"><span id=".E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.86.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.96.E0.BC.8D"></span>འཆི་བ།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="དབྱེ་ཚན་:འཆི་བ། ཞུན་དག་འབད།"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ཁ་སྐོང༌།"><span id=".E0.BD.81.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A6.E0.BE.90.E0.BD.BC.E0.BD.84.E0.BC.8C.E0.BC.8D"></span>ཁ་སྐོང༌།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="དབྱེ་ཚན་:ཁ་སྐོང༌། ཞུན་དག་འབད།"><span>ཞུན་དག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6d555f5f66‐x7h95 Cached time: 20241202110049 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.006 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 16/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key dzwiki:pcache:3980:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202110049 and revision id 28825. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=༢༠༢༣&oldid=28825">https://dz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=༢༠༢༣&oldid=28825</a>" ལས་ སླར་འདྲེན་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:༢༠༢༣ཤོག་མིན་འདུག།">༢༠༢༣</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༢, at ༠༣:༠༥.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">སྒེར་གསང་སྲིད་བྱུས།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D">Wikipedia གི་སྐོར་ལས།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D">ཁས་མི་ལེན་པ།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">གཉེན་ཆས་བཟོ་མི།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/dz.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//dz.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d64f599dc-klxzv","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.006","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d555f5f66-x7h95","timestamp":"20241202110049","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0f22\u0f20\u0f22\u0f23","url":"https:\/\/dz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A0%E0%BC%A2%E0%BC%A3","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49622","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49622","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-03-30T22:52:28Z","dateModified":"2022-02-19T03:05:55Z"}</script> </body> </html>