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href="#Classificazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribuzione_geografica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribuzione_geografica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribuzione geografica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribuzione_geografica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Distribuzione geografica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distribuzione_geografica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lingua_ufficiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingua_ufficiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lingua ufficiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingua_ufficiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dialetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_riforma_linguistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_riforma_linguistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>La riforma linguistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_riforma_linguistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fonetica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonetica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Fonetica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonetica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Le_vocali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_vocali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Le vocali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_vocali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_consonanti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_consonanti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Le consonanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_consonanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Grammatica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regola_dell'eufonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regola_dell'eufonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Regola dell'eufonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regola_dell'eufonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sostantivo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sostantivo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sostantivo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sostantivo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verbi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verbi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Verbi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Presente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_di_scrittura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_di_scrittura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sistema di scrittura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_di_scrittura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esempi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Esempi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Esempi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Esempi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Esempi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Numeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premi_Nobel_per_la_letteratura_di_lingua_turca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premi_Nobel_per_la_letteratura_di_lingua_turca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Premi Nobel per la letteratura di lingua turca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premi_Nobel_per_la_letteratura_di_lingua_turca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Bibliografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grammatiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Grammatiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua turca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 198 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-198" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">198 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҭырқәа бызшәа - abcaso" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭырқәа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcaso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Turuki" title="Bahsa Turuki - accinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="accinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Тыркубзэ - adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркубзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks" title="Turks - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Sprache" title="Türkische Sprache - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%BD" title="ቱሪክሽ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱሪክሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_turco" title="Idioma turco - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma turco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्की भाषा - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التركية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التركية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تركية - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="توركى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcu" title="Turcu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turcu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Турк мацӀ - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Турк мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkava" title="Turkava - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turkava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="تورکیه تورکجه‌سی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Төрөк теле - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрөк теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakische_Sproch" title="Tiakische Sproch - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torku_kalba" title="Torku kalba - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турэцкая мова - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турэцкая мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски език - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="তুর্কি ভাষা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Turki" title="Saro Turki - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Түрэг хэлэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco" title="Turco - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turco" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Хункархойн мотт - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хункархойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Turko" title="Pinulongang Turko - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Turko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BE_%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ ᎧᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ - cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ ᎧᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زمانی تورکی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تورکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_tili" title="Türk tili - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turečtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABrecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Tërecczi jãzëk - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tërecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%83_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Турккă чĕлхи - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турккă чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrceg" title="Tyrceg - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrceg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk_(sprog)" title="Tyrkisk (sprog) - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Sprache" title="Türkische Sprache - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rki" title="Tırki - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkoj%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Turkojšćina - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Turki" title="Boros Turki - dusun centrale" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τουρκική γλώσσα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkish language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_lingvo" title="Turka lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turka lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_turco" title="Idioma turco - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma turco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi_keel" title="Türgi keel - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان ترکی استانبولی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ترکی استانبولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkin_kieli" title="Turkin kieli - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Turkiskt mál - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkisk_spriak" title="Türkisk spriak - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksk" title="Turksk - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turksk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuircis" title="An Tuircis - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuircis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili - gagauzo" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcais" title="Turcais - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turcais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua turca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايستامبۊلي زوان - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊلي زوان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuykia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Tuykiañe'ẽ - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuykiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="तुर्की भास - konkani goano" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की भास" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani goano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="તુર્કિશ ભાષા - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કિશ ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish" title="Turkish - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Turkish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanci" title="Turkanci - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC-ng%C3%AE" title="Thú-ngí-khì-ngî - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טורקית - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_bhasa" title="Turkish bhasa - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkow%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Turkowšćina - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_nyelv" title="Török nyelv - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Թուրքերեն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Թրքերէն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թրքերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Turki" title="Jaku Turki - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Turko" title="Pagsasao a Turko - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Turko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Туркий мотт - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_linguo" title="Turka linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turka linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkneska" title="Tyrkneska - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="トルコ語 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="თურქული ენა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArk_tili" title="Túrk tili - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrk tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Тыркубзэ - cabardino" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркубзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Turukya (a̱lyem) - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Түрік тілі - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түрік тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%96%B4" title="튀르키예어 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Тюрк кыв - permiaco" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюрк кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="permiaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%90%DA%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکِچ زبان - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترکِچ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_tirk%C3%AE" title="Zimanê tirkî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê tirkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Турок кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турок кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkek" title="Turkek - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%87%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF" title="Анадолу Түркчөсү - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Анадолу Түркчөсү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Turcica" title="Lingua Turcica - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Turcica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turkana" title="Lingua turkana - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua turkana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkesch" title="Tierkesch - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Туркнал маз - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркнал маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Туьрк чӀал - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрк чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turces_(lingua)" title="Turces (lingua) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turces (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rks" title="Törks - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Törks" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_t%C3%BCrca" title="Lengua türca - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua türca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88" title="ພາສາທືກເຈ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາທືກເຈ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Turkų kalba - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_valoda" title="Turku valoda - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turku valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Туркань кяль - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tiorka" title="Fiteny tiorka - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tiorka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Турко йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турко йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_T%C4%81kei" title="Reo Tākei - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Turki" title="Bahaso Turki - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски јазик - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="തുർക്കിഷ് ഭാഷ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Турк хэл - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्की भाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्की भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Турок йӹлмӹ - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турок йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တူရကီဘာသာစကား - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Турконь кель - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турконь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ایستامبولی ترکی - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایستامبولی ترکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rksche_Spraak" title="Törksche Spraak - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törksche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks" title="Turks - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turks" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्केली भाषा - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तुर्केली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तर्किश भाषा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्किश भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks" title="Turks - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seturkish" title="Seturkish - sotho del nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seturkish" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Туркаг æвзаг - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turko" title="Turko - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turc" title="Turc - piccardo" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turc" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="piccardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_turecki" title="Język turecki - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język turecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_turca" title="Lenga turca - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga turca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ترک بولی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تورکي ژبه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_turca" title="Língua turca - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua turca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_simi" title="Turku simi - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tirca" title="Lingua tirca - romancio" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tirca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romancio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkikani_chib" title="Turkikani chib - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_turc%C4%83" title="Limba turcă - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba turcă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Турецкий язык - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Турецькый язык - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiturukiya" title="Igiturukiya - kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igiturukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Туурак тыла - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туурак тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_turca" title="Limba turca - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba turca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_turca" title="Lingua turca - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua turca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkis_leid" title="Turkis leid - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ترڪي ٻولي - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durkkagiella" title="Durkkagiella - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durkkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තුර්කි භාෂාව - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turečtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Turščina - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chituruki" title="Chituruki - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chituruki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Turki" title="Af-Turki - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Turki" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_turke" title="Gjuha turke - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha turke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски језик - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Turki" title="Basa Turki - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiska" title="Turkiska - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituruki" title="Kituruki - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kituruki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko_godka" title="Turecko godka - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கிய மொழி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забони туркӣ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони туркӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาตุรกี - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dili" title="Türk dili - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türk dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Turko" title="Wikang Turko - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Turko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99_zyvon" title="Tyrkijə zyvon - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e" title="Türkçe - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Төрек теле - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрек теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Турк дыл - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турк дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Турок кыл - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турок кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="تۈرك تىلى - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈرك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Турецька мова - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکی زبان - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turk tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_turca" title="Łéngua turca - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua turca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkan_kel%27" title="Turkan kel' - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Türkänapük - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouk_(lingaedje)" title="Trouk (lingaedje) - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Trouk (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinurkiya" title="Tinurkiya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinurkiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="土耳其语 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Түргдин келн - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Түргдин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="თურქული ნინა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9" title="טערקיש - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_T%C3%BArk%C3%AC" title="Èdè Túrkì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Túrkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="土耳其语 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE-g%C3%AD" title="Thó͘-ní-kî-gí - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%96%87" title="土耳其文 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其文" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i dati principali della lingua" style="width:300px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Turco<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><i>Türkçe</i></span></th></tr><tr><th>Parlato in</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turchia (bandiera)"><img alt="Turchia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cipro (bandiera)"><img alt="Cipro (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cipro del Nord (bandiera)"><img alt="Cipro del Nord (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cipro_del_Nord" title="Cipro del Nord">Cipro del Nord</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romania (bandiera)"><img alt="Romania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgaria (bandiera)"><img alt="Bulgaria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgia (bandiera)"><img alt="Georgia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macedonia del Nord (bandiera)"><img alt="Macedonia del Nord (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_del_Nord" title="Macedonia del Nord">Macedonia del Nord</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kosovo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kosovo (bandiera)"><img alt="Kosovo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siria (bandiera)"><img alt="Siria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Locutori</th></tr><tr><th>Totale</th><td>88,1 milioni (Ethnologue, 2022) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingue_per_numero_di_parlanti_madrelingua" title="Lingue per numero di parlanti madrelingua">Classifica</a></th><td>13 (2021) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Altre informazioni</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura">Scrittura</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_turco" title="Alfabeto turco">alfabeto turco</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Tipologia_linguistica" title="Tipologia linguistica">Tipo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Soggetto_Oggetto_Verbo" title="Soggetto Oggetto Verbo">SOV</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingua_agglutinante" title="Lingua agglutinante">agglutinante</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lingua_flessiva" title="Lingua flessiva">flessiva</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Tassonomia</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Famiglia_linguistica" title="Famiglia linguistica">Filogenesi</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche">Lingue turche</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingue_turche_occidentali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingue turche occidentali (la pagina non esiste)">Lingue turche occidentali</a><br />  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingue_oghuz_(sudovest)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingue oghuz (sudovest) (la pagina non esiste)">Lingue oghuz (sudovest)</a><br />   <b>Turco</b> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Statuto ufficiale</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ufficiale" title="Lingua ufficiale">Ufficiale</a> in</th><td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/d/d4/T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif/30px-T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/d/d4/T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif/45px-T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/d/d4/T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif/60px-T%C3%9CRKSOY_flag.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_Internazionale_per_la_Cultura_Turca" title="Organizzazione Internazionale per la Cultura Turca">TÜRKSOY</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turchia (bandiera)"><img alt="Turchia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cipro del Nord (bandiera)"><img alt="Cipro del Nord (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cipro_del_Nord" title="Cipro del Nord">Cipro del Nord</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cipro (bandiera)"><img alt="Cipro (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Regolato da</th><td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_Dil_Kurumu" title="Türk Dil Kurumu">Türk Dil Kurumu</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Codici di classificazione</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-1</a></th><td><code>tr</code> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td><code>tur</code> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tur">tur</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td><code class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nucl1301">nucl1301</a></code> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#Nero">Estratto in lingua</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding-left:.5em; padding-right:.5em; font-size:90%;text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_universale_dei_diritti_umani" title="Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani">Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani</a>, art. 1</b><br />"Tüm insanlar özgür, onur ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. <p>Akıl ve vicdanla donatılmışlardır ve birbirlerine karşı kardeşlik ruhu içinde hareket etmelidirler." </p> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lingua/man" title="Template:Lingua/man"><span title="Manuale del template Lingua">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>lingua turca</b> (nome nativo <i>Türkçe</i> o <i>Türk dili</i>, <i>Türkiye Türkçesi</i>) è la lingua più parlata delle <a href="/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche">lingue turche</a>, con 80 milioni di locutori. Il turco è la lingua nazionale della <a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Cipro_del_Nord" title="Cipro del Nord">Cipro del Nord</a>. Importanti piccoli gruppi di locutori turchi esistono anche in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_del_Nord" title="Macedonia del Nord">Macedonia del Nord</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a>, altre parti <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">d'Europa</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso">Caucaso</a>, e alcune parti dell'Asia centrale, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> e <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a> ha richiesto all'<a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Unione europea</a> di aggiungere il turco come lingua ufficiale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il turco è la tredicesima lingua più parlata al mondo. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/Mondo_occidentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondo occidentale">Mondo occidentale</a>, l'influenza del <a href="/wiki/Turco_ottomano" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco ottomano">Turco ottomano</a> - la varietà di lingua turca usata nella lingua amministrativa e letteraria dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> - si estese con l'estensione dell'Impero. Nel 1928, come una delle riforme di <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> durante i primi anni della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Turchia" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblica di Turchia">Repubblica di Turchia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_turco_ottomano" title="Alfabeto turco ottomano">l'alfabeto turco ottomano</a> venne rimpiazzato con l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il turco era parlato nell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Impero ottomano</a> usando, per la forma scritta, una versione modificata dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_arabo" title="Alfabeto arabo">alfabeto arabo</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, nei suoi sforzi per modernizzare la Turchia, sostituì l'alfabeto arabo con una versione modificata dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>. Ora il turco è regolato dall'<a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_Dil_Kurumu" title="Türk Dil Kurumu">Organizzazione linguistica turca</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificazione">Classificazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Classificazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Classificazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il turco fa parte di un insieme di lingue tra loro strettamente correlate che include anche il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca_gagauza_balcanica" title="Lingua turca gagauza balcanica">turco balcanico</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_gagauza" title="Lingua gagauza">gagauzo</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_khorasani" title="Lingua khorasani">turco khorasani</a>. Appartiene al sottogruppo delle <a href="/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche">lingue turche meridionali</a>, che a loro volta appartengono al gruppo delle <a href="/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche">lingue turche</a>, che alcuni linguisti considerano essere parte della disputata <a href="/wiki/Lingue_altaiche" title="Lingue altaiche">famiglia linguistica altaica</a> (che è considerata essere parte dell'ancora più disputata <a href="/wiki/Lingue_uralo-altaiche" title="Lingue uralo-altaiche">famiglia linguistica uralo-altaica</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuzione_geografica">Distribuzione geografica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Distribuzione geografica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Distribuzione geografica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il turco è parlato in Turchia e da minoranze di 35 altri paesi. È usato in stati come l'<a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaijan</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Turca_di_Cipro_del_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblica Turca di Cipro del Nord">parte settentrionale di Cipro</a>, occupata dalla Turchia fin dal 1974, la <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_del_Nord" title="Macedonia del Nord">Macedonia del Nord</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingua_ufficiale">Lingua ufficiale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Lingua ufficiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lingua ufficiale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il turco è la lingua ufficiale della <a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Turca_di_Cipro_del_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblica Turca di Cipro del Nord">Repubblica Turca di Cipro del Nord</a> e una delle lingue ufficiali di <a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialetti">Dialetti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Dialetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dialetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Come conseguenza dell'originaria idea nazionalista di fissare il <a href="/wiki/Dialetto" title="Dialetto">dialetto</a> di <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> come uno standard, la <a href="/wiki/Dialettologia" title="Dialettologia">dialettologia</a> rimane una disciplina fortemente immatura in <a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a>. La lingua standard è essenzialmente l'ottomano emendato, scritto con l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a> (e non più <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_arabo" title="Alfabeto arabo">quello arabo</a>), con l'incentivazione dei <a href="/wiki/Neologismo" title="Neologismo">neologismi</a> e l'esclusione dei <a href="/wiki/Prestito_linguistico" title="Prestito linguistico">prestiti linguistici</a> dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> e dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a>. La forma colloquiale dominante si chiama <i>İstanbul Türkçesi</i> come testimoniato nei lavori di eminenti panturchisti come <a href="/wiki/Ziya_G%C3%B6kalp" title="Ziya Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</a> (<i>Güzel dil, Türkçe bize / Başka dil, gece bize. / İstanbul konuşması / En saf, en ince bize</i>) e İsmail Gaspıralı. Accademicamente ci si riferisce spesso ai dialetti turchi come <i>ağız</i> o <i>şive</i>, facendo confusione con il concetto linguistico di <a href="/wiki/Accento_(fonologia)" title="Accento (fonologia)">accento</a>. Il turco manca ancora di un atlante dialettologico completo ed è determinante l'assimilazione entro il turco ufficiale. I principali dialetti turchi includono: </p> <ul><li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumelice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumelice (la pagina non esiste)">Rumelice</a></i> o rumelico (parlato dai <a href="/wiki/Muhajir" title="Muhajir">muhajir</a> della <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Rumelia</a>), che comprende i peculiari dialetti di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinler (la pagina non esiste)">Dinler</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adakale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adakale (la pagina non esiste)">Adakale</a>,</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kıbrıs (la pagina non esiste)">Kıbrıs</a></i> o cipriota (parlato a <a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a>),</li> <li>il dialetto di <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>,</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C4%9Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doğu (la pagina non esiste)">Doğu</a></i> (parlato in Turchia orientale), che continua i dialetti <a href="/wiki/Lingua_azera" title="Lingua azera">azeri</a> in alcune zone,</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karadeniz_(dialetto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karadeniz (dialetto) (la pagina non esiste)">Karadeniz</a></i> (parlato nella regione orientale del <a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">mar Nero</a>), rappresentato soprattutto dal dialetto di <a href="/wiki/Trebisonda" title="Trebisonda">Trabzon</a>,</li> <li>l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ege_(dialetto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ege (dialetto) (la pagina non esiste)">Ege</a></i> (parlato nella regione <a href="/wiki/Mar_Egeo" title="Mar Egeo">egea</a> con estensione in <a href="/wiki/Antalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Antalia">Antalia</a>),</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Güneydoğu (la pagina non esiste)">Güneydoğu</a></i> (parlato nel sud, ad est di <a href="/wiki/Mersin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>),</li> <li>l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orta_Anadolu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orta Anadolu (la pagina non esiste)">Orta Anadolu</a></i> (parlato nelle regioni centrali dell'<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>),</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastamonu_(dialetto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastamonu (dialetto) (la pagina non esiste)">Kastamonu</a></i> (parlato a <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a> e nelle vicinanze),</li> <li>il <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karamanl%C4%B1ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karamanlıca (la pagina non esiste)">Karamanlıca</a></i> o Karamanlidika (in greco Kαραμανλήδικα), tradizionalmente parlato dai <a href="/wiki/Karamanlidi" title="Karamanlidi">Karamanlidi</a>, una popolazione cristiana ortodossa di lingua turca originaria della <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>. A differenza degli altri dialetti, costituisce un vero e proprio standard letterario e viene scritto con l'alfabeto greco.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_riforma_linguistica">La riforma linguistica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione La riforma linguistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: La riforma linguistica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG/220px-Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG/330px-Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG/440px-Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6yAtat%C3%BCrk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Monumento" title="Monumento">monumento</a> commemorativo della riforma della lingua turca operata da <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> (con l'introduzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dopo l'assunzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> come religione ufficiale degli <a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Ottomani</a>, la lingua turca acquisì un vasto numero di prestiti dall'arabo e dal persiano. La letteratura turca, durante il periodo ottomano, specialmente la poesia <a href="/wiki/Diwan" title="Diwan">Diwan</a>, fu fortemente influenzata da forme persiane, con l'adozione dei <a href="/wiki/Metrica" title="Metrica">metri</a> della <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poesia</a> persiana e infine con l'apporto di un gran numero di parole persiane in turco. Negli oltre seicento anni dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">impero ottomano</a>, la lingua letteraria e ufficiale fu una miscela di turco, persiano e arabo, che differiva considerevolmente dal turco parlato dell'epoca e che viene oggi denominata turco ottomano. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ataturk-September_20,_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg/310px-Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg/465px-Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg/620px-Ataturk-September_20%2C_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> mentre insegna il nuovo alfabeto turco</figcaption></figure> <p>Dopo l'instaurazione della Repubblica, nel <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> fu istituita un'associazione per la lingua turca (<i>Türk Dil Kurumu</i>, TDK) da parte di <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, allo scopo di condurre ricerche sul turco. Uno dei compiti della neonata associazione fu quella di sostituire i prestiti di origine araba e persiana con equivalenti turchi. La riforma linguistica del 1928 costituì una parte delle più ampie riforme culturali in corso all'epoca (che erano a loro volta una parte della più vasta struttura delle <a href="/wiki/Riforme_di_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Riforme di Atatürk">riforme di Atatürk</a>) e inclusero l'abolizione dell'alfabeto arabo a favore del nuovo alfabeto turco derivato da quello latino, che ha molto contribuito ad aumentare il tasso di <a href="/wiki/Alfabetizzazione" title="Alfabetizzazione">alfabetizzazione</a> popolare. Vietando l'uso dei prestiti nella <a href="/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa">stampa</a>, l'associazione riuscì a rimuovere centinaia di parole arabe dalla lingua. Benché la maggior parte delle parole introdotte dal TDK fossero nuove, esso suggerì pure di riutilizzare antichi termini turchi non più in uso da secoli. </p><p>I giovani e gli anziani, in Turchia, tendono a esprimersi con un vocabolario differente a causa di questo repentino cambiamento. Mentre i nati prima degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940">anni quaranta</a> ricorrono ai vecchi termini di origine araba, i più giovani preferiscono le nuove espressioni. Alcuni neologismi non sono usati altrettanto spesso dei loro vecchi equivalenti, o non sono riusciti a riprodurne esattamente il significato. Il dibattito su vecchio e nuovo nella lingua turca ha anche un significato politico, mentre d'altro canto i settori più religiosi della popolazione tendono a far uso di parole arcaiche sia nella stampa sia nella lingua quotidiana. Di conseguenza, il diverso uso del turco è indicativo dell'adozione o della resistenza alle riforme di Atatürk, avvenute ormai più di settant'anni fa. Gli ultimi decenni hanno visto da parte del TDK una continua opera di creazione di nuove parole turche per rappresentare concetti e tecnologie moderne, che tendono a entrare nella lingua come prestiti (principalmente <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglesi</a>), ma l'associazione viene talora criticata per il conio di parole che suonano artificiose e "inventate". </p><p>Comunque, molte delle parole introdotte dal TDK convivono con gli originali. I vari <a href="/wiki/Sinonimia" title="Sinonimia">sinonimi</a> - provenienti dal turco antico o introdotti dall'associazione, di origine araba o persiana, o talora provenienti da altre lingue europee come il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> - sono usati per esprimere significati leggermente diversi, specie allorché si parla di cose astratte. È grossomodo ciò che avviene con l'uso delle parole <a href="/wiki/Lingue_germaniche" title="Lingue germaniche">germaniche</a> e di origine <a href="/wiki/Lingue_romanze" title="Lingue romanze">romanza</a> in inglese. </p><p>Fra le parole sostituite c'è la terminologia geometrica, i punti cardinali, i nomi di alcuni mesi e molti <a href="/wiki/Sostantivo" title="Sostantivo">sostantivi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aggettivo" title="Aggettivo">aggettivi</a>. Molte nuove parole sono state tratte da antiche radici <a href="/wiki/Verbo" title="Verbo">verbali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonetica">Fonetica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Fonetica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Fonetica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una delle caratteristiche del turco è l'<a href="/wiki/Armonia_vocalica" title="Armonia vocalica">armonia vocalica</a> (se la prima vocale di una parola turca è una <a href="/wiki/Vocale_palatale" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocale palatale">vocale palatale</a>, la seconda e le altre vocali della parola o sono la stessa o sono altre vocali palatali; es.: Erdem). Si veda anche la <a href="/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ">Ğ</a> ("g dolce" o "g morbida"). Nonostante le parole turche siano composte con questa regola, esistono delle eccezioni, che includono i prestiti stranieri. </p><p>L'accento, tranne nei prestiti, in alcuni nomi propri di luogo (toponimi), in alcune interrogative e in alcuni avverbi, è sull'ultima sillaba. Se una parola ha già l'accento sull'ultima sillaba, nel momento in cui si crea una catena di suffissi esso si sposterà sull'ultima sillaba del composto. Se il composto ha una radice verbale (e quindi è la voce di un verbo), l'accento cade sul suffisso che stabilisce il tempo, che precede la persona. Se il verbo è negativo, l'accento cade prima del suffisso del negativo. </p><p>L'accento è disambiguato nei dizionari ed è orientato verso l'alto (ad esempio, <i>İstánbul</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_vocali">Le vocali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Le vocali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Le vocali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vocale </th> <th>Trascrizione in IPA </th> <th>Descrizione </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>A, a </td> <td>/a/ </td> <td>A di <b>a</b>lto. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>E, e </td> <td>/e/ </td> <td>E di <b>e</b>norme. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ö, ö </td> <td>/ø/ </td> <td>E di <b>e</b>norme procheila, cioè con le labbra arrotondate. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>İ, i </td> <td>/i/ </td> <td>I di <b>i</b>nnaffiare. Non bisogna dimenticarsi di scrivere il puntino sulla lettera pure se maiuscola. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ü, ü </td> <td>/y/ </td> <td>I di <b>i</b>nnaffiare, con le labbra arrotondate. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>O, o </td> <td>/o/ </td> <td>O di <b>o</b>rso, con le labbra arrotondate. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>U, u </td> <td>/u/ </td> <td>U di <b>u</b>ltimo, con le labbra arrotondate </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>I, ı </td> <td>/ɯ/ </td> <td>U di <b>u</b>ltimo, con labbra distese e il dorso della lingua molto più vicino alla parte tondeggiante del palato. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A volte sopra le vocali di prestiti arabi e persiani o di alcuni nomi propri (ad esempio, "<i>Lâmia</i>", nome proprio femminile) può trovarsi l'accento circonflesso <i>^</i> , che fa sì che si leggano più lunghe. Questa grafia, nei prestiti, differenzia la grafia e pronuncia di due parole altrimenti identiche (ad esempio: "<i>hala</i>", zia paterna; " <i>hâlâ</i> ", ancora/di nuovo). Si può trovare pure in aggettivi di derivazione araba come allungamento della "i" finale, che in grafia perde il punto (ad esempio, " <i>millî</i> ", nazionale). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_consonanti">Le consonanti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Le consonanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Le consonanti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le consonanti dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_turco" title="Alfabeto turco">alfabeto turco</a>, inclusa la Y/y semivocalica, sono le seguenti: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Consonante </th> <th>Trascrizione in IPA </th> <th>Descrizione </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>B, b </td> <td>/b/ </td> <td>B di <b>b</b>alena, sonora. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>C, c </td> <td>/d͡ʒ/ </td> <td>G di <b>g</b>elato, sonora. In italiano è quindi un falso amico. Un esempio è <i>gece</i>, "notte". </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ç, ç </td> <td>/t͡ʃ/ </td> <td>C di <b>c</b>iao, sorda. Esempi: <i>çok</i> "molto", <i>küçük</i> "piccolo", <i>geç</i> "tardi", <i>gerçek</i> "reale", <i>çocuk</i> "bambino" (quest'ultimo esempio è molto utile per distinguere le due consonanti in pronuncia/suono e per non confondere "c" /d͡ʒ/ con "k" /k/). </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>D, d </td> <td>/d/ </td> <td>D di <b>d</b>ado, sonora. In generale, se una consonante è scritta raddoppiata, significa che si pronuncia geminata, come in italiano. Esempi: <i>ciddi</i> /d͡ʒiddi/ "serioso", <i>mükemmel</i> /mykemmel/ "eccellente", <i>anne</i> /anne/ "madre". </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>F, f </td> <td>/f/ </td> <td>F di <b>f</b>arfalla, sorda. Alcuni parlanti la realizzano con un contatto più blando tra arcata dentaria superiore e labbro inferiore quando è seguita da vocali arrotondate. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>G, g </td> <td>/g/ </td> <td>G di <b>g</b>alera, sorda. La pronuncia non varia. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ğ, ğ </td> <td><i>vedi descrizione</i> </td> <td>la <i><b>ğ</b></i> <b>morbida</b> o <b>ğ dolce</b> non è una vera consonante: serve solo per allungare il suono della vocale che la precede: <i>dağ</i> /da:/ "montagna", <i>sağ</i> /sa:/ "destra", <i>oğlum</i> /o:lum/ "figlio". <p>Nelle combinazioni <i>öğö</i> e <i>üğü</i> è invece la <i>i</i> semivocalica con le labbra distese, modulata brevemente. Un esempio è <i>büyük</i> "largo". </p><p>È ancora /j/ pure se la prima delle due vocali è una "e" o una "i" (eğ-, iğ-); è indifferente quella che segue al secondo posto. </p><p>In tutti gli altri casi possibili è muta (ad esempio, <i>Erdoğan</i>) e in IPA si disambigua che c'è una legatura tra le due vocali data dalla caduta della "g morbida" utilizzando un archetto in basso: /erdo‿an/. Se si traslitterasse in turco /erdoan/ a partire dal solo IPA, la resa sarebbe, erroneamente, *Erdoan. Inoltre, se ğ si trova fra due vocali identiche si pronuncia solo la vocale allungata, per esempio in <i>olduğunu</i> /oldu:nu/ "che". L'unica eccezione alla regola sopra è la negazione <i>değil</i>, che ha la pronuncia irregolare /di:l/. </p><p>Nessuna parola inizia mai per ğ morbida: in ogni combinazione è sempre preceduta da una vocale e la maiuscola Ğ si trova solo nella scrittura in tutto maiuscolo. </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>H, h </td> <td>/h/ </td> <td>H dell'inglese <b>h</b>ave, sorda. È raro che in alcune parole non si pronunci: i due casi più esemplari sono il nome proprio <i>Mehmet</i> /memet/, adattato da Muhammad, e l'onorifico "signora", <i>Hanım</i>, di fronte a nomi propri femminili che terminano in vocale. Se il nome proprio finisce in /a/ si ottiene un allungamento vocalico: <i>Lâmia Hanım</i> /la:mia:nɯm/. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>J, j </td> <td>/ʒ/ </td> <td>Come la j francese di <b>j</b>our, <b>j</b>ardin. Si trova solo in prestiti. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>K, k </td> <td>/k/ </td> <td>C di <b>c</b>ane / K di <b>k</b>oala, sorda. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>L, l </td> <td>/l/ </td> <td>L di <b>l</b>eva, sonora. In alcuni si casi può scurirsi come la "l" inglese di "mi<b>l</b>k". Si realizza pronunciando la "l" con la lingua molto spinta in avanti, in posizione di "gn" di <i>gn</i>omo. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>M, m </td> <td>/m/ </td> <td>M di <b>m</b>ano, sonora. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>N, n </td> <td>/n/ </td> <td>N di <b>n</b>ave, sonora. Davanti a "k/g" nella parlata rapida si trasforma in /ŋ/, cioè si pronuncia col dorso della lingua in zona velare, come la "n" di pa<b>n</b>ca. Per lo stesso principio, davanti a "p/b" si assimila in /m/, come ad esempio in <i>İstanbul</i>. Contrariamente all'italiano, l'assimilazione è un fenomeno solamente fonetico e non ortografico. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>P, p </td> <td>/p/ </td> <td>P di <b>p</b>ietra, sonora. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>R, r </td> <td>/ɾ/ </td> <td>R di <b>r</b>ana, sonora e monovibrante. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>S, s </td> <td>/s/ </td> <td>S di <b>s</b>ole, sorda. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ş, ş </td> <td>/ʃ/ </td> <td>Sc di <b>sc</b>ena, sorda. Esempi: <i>şey</i> "oggetto, cosa", <i>şimdi</i> "adesso, ora", <i>işte</i> "qui, qua", <i>her şey</i> "tutto", <i>kişi</i> "persona", <i>iş</i> "lavoro", <i>hoş</i> "carino", <i>teşekkürler</i> "grazie". </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>T, t </td> <td>/t/ </td> <td>T di <b>t</b>avolo, sorda. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>V, v </td> <td>/v/ </td> <td>V di <b>v</b>ela, sonora. Alcuni parlanti la realizzano con un contatto più blando tra arcata dentaria superiore e labbro inferiore se è seguita o preceduta da vocali arrotondate. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Y, y </td> <td>/j/ </td> <td>I di <b>i</b>ato, semiconsonantica. Non è da confondere con "j", /ʒ/. Esempi: <i>yok</i> "no", <i>ya</i> "oppure". </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Z, z </td> <td>/z/ </td> <td>S di va<b>s</b>o. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Quando una radice che termina in <i>-p, -t, -ç, -[vocale+k]</i> e <i>-nk</i> ha dopo di sé un suffisso che inizia per vocale, avviene la <b>sonorizzazione</b>. In questo fenomeno fonetico, la consonante radicale si sonorizza in <i>-b-, -d-, -c-, -ğ-, -ng-</i>. Esempio: dola<b>p</b> (armadio) e dola<b>b</b>ı (<il> suo armadio). Nel quarto caso, durante la lettura o mentre si parla, bisogna poi tenere a mente il fatto che <i>-ğ-</i> si trasforma. Il fenomeno è sia fonetico sia ortografico. La sonorizzazione non avviene però con parecchie parole monosillabiche (come <i>at</i>, cavallo) e con prestiti arabi in -et/at ed europei (come <i>bisiklet</i>, bicicletta). I vocabolari turchi disambiguano se non avviene la sonorizzazione con un esempio convenzionale col pronome suffisso, che è il tipico esempio di suffisso vocalico.</li> <li>I suffissi che iniziano con <i>-d, -g, -c</i> si desonorizzano se seguono una radice che termina senza vocale e con una qualunque consonante sorda, inclusa la <i>h</i>. I tipici suffissi con queste lettere sono <i>-de</i> ("in/a"; "alle" +orario), <i>-ci</i> (usato per ottenere nomi di mestieri relativi all'ambito della radice) e <i>-gen</i> (da verbi, forma aggettivi e sostantivi). Il fenomeno è sia fonetico sia ortografico. Ad esempio: diş - diş<i><b>ç</b></i>i (dente - dentista)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Grammatica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_turca" title="Grammatica turca">Grammatica turca</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il turco, come il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_finlandese" title="Lingua finlandese">finlandese</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ungherese" title="Lingua ungherese">ungherese</a>, è una <a href="/wiki/Lingua_agglutinante" title="Lingua agglutinante">lingua agglutinante</a>. Essa possiede moltissimi <a href="/wiki/Suffisso" title="Suffisso">suffissi</a> e pochi <a href="/wiki/Prefisso" title="Prefisso">prefissi</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Sintassi" title="Sintassi">sintassi</a> della frase è <a href="/wiki/Soggetto_Oggetto_Verbo" title="Soggetto Oggetto Verbo">Soggetto Oggetto Verbo</a> come nel <a href="/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese">giapponese</a>. La grammatica turca è sistematica ed ha un unico sostantivo irregolare <i>su</i> (acqua) ed un unico verbo irregolare, "essere", che difetta dell'infinito (come anche delle forme indipendenti, si supplisce con il verbo <i>olmak</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regola_dell'eufonia"><span id="Regola_dell.27eufonia"></span>Regola dell'eufonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Regola dell'eufonia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Regola dell'eufonia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Come si è detto esistono due gruppi vocalici: "e i ö ü" (vocali anteriori) e "a ı o u" (vocali centrali e posteriori). Ogni suffisso e desinenza ha due o quattro forme con una vocale scelta da ciascuno dei gruppi. Considerando l'ultima vocale della parola alla quale deve essere aggiunto il suffisso si sceglierà la forma dello stesso gruppo vocalico. Questa regola è chiamata anche <a href="/wiki/Armonia_vocalica" title="Armonia vocalica">armonia vocalica</a>. </p><p>Esempio 1: il suffisso del plurale ha due forme: può essere <i>-lar</i> se nell'ultima sillaba c'è una vocale posteriore o centrale o <i>-ler</i> in presenza di una qualunque vocale anteriore, a prescindere dal fatto che sia arrotondata o no. Nei verbi, il suffisso dell'infinito di un qualunque verbo nel dizionario è, per lo stesso principio, <i>-mak</i> o <i>-mek</i> (ad esempio, <i>ok<b>u</b>mak</i>, "leggere"; <i>g<b>ö</b>rmek</i>, "vedere") </p><p>Esempio 2: un suffisso con cui si creano dei nomi in turco, <i>-lir</i>, ha 4 forme: <i>-lik, -lük, -lık, -luk.</i> La prima si usa dopo una vocale anteriore nella radice (e, i), la seconda se in più è arrotondata, la terza se è centrale o posteriore, la quarta se in più è arrotondata. In generale, i suffissi del turco funzionano tutti in questa maniera e con queste vocali nelle combinazioni, quindi sono divisibili in due grandi classi: a 2 varianti e a 4 varianti. In generale, nella seconda classe, la vocale di ogni combinazione è quella in cui la posizione della punta della lingua è la più alta (ad esempio, la "i" è più alta della "e", idem nelle versioni arrotondate; la "u" ha il dorso della lingua in posizione più sopraelevata della "o"). </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><b>e</b>v (casa) → ev<b>ler</b> (case)</dd> <dd>od<b>a</b> (stanza) → oda<b>lar</b> (stanze)</dd> <dd><b>i</b>ş (lavoro) → iş<b>ler</b> (lavori)</dd> <dd>kap<b>ı</b> (porta) → kapı<b>lar</b> (porte)</dd> <dd>g<b>ö</b>l (lago) → göl<b>ler</b> (laghi)</dd> <dd>y<b>o</b>l (strada) → yol<b>lar</b> (strade)</dd> <dd>g<b>ü</b>n (giorno) → gün<b>ler</b> (giorni)</dd> <dd>gr<b>u</b>p (gruppo) → grup<b>lar</b> (gruppi)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sostantivo">Sostantivo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Sostantivo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sostantivo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Come il latino e altre lingue, il turco declina il sostantivo secondo 6 casi: <a href="/wiki/Nominativo" title="Nominativo">nominativo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitivo" title="Genitivo">genitivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dativo" title="Dativo">dativo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accusativo" title="Accusativo">accusativo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ablativo" title="Ablativo">ablativo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Locativo" title="Locativo">locativo</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Caso </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Desinenza" title="Desinenza">Desinenza</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Singolare" title="Singolare">Singolare</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Plurale" title="Plurale">Plurale</a> </th> <th>Significato </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nominativo" title="Nominativo">Nominativo</a></b> </td> <td>Ø (nullo) </td> <td><i>köy</i> </td> <td><i>köyler</i> </td> <td>(il) villaggio </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Genitivo" title="Genitivo">Genitivo</a></b> </td> <td><i>-in, -ın, -un, -ün</i> </td> <td><i>köyün</i> </td> <td><i>köylerin</i> </td> <td>del villaggio </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dativo" title="Dativo">Dativo</a></b> </td> <td><i>-e, -a</i> </td> <td><i>köye</i> </td> <td><i>köylere</i> </td> <td>al/verso il villaggio </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Accusativo" title="Accusativo">Accusativo</a></b>* </td> <td><i>-i, -ı, -u, -ü</i> </td> <td><i>köyü</i> </td> <td><i>köyleri</i> </td> <td>il villaggio </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ablativo" title="Ablativo">Ablativo</a></b> </td> <td><i>-den, -dan</i> </td> <td><i>köyden</i> </td> <td><i>köylerden</i> </td> <td>dal villaggio </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Locativo" title="Locativo">Locativo</a></b> </td> <td><i>-de, -da</i> </td> <td><i>köyde</i> </td> <td><i>köylerde</i> </td> <td>nel villaggio </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>*Utilizzato solo con sostantivi definiti, in caso contrario si utilizza il caso nominativo. Es.: <b>Bir</b> kitap okuyorum (leggo <b>un</b> libro), Kitab<b>ı</b> okuyorum (leggo <b>il</b> libro). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbi">Verbi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Verbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Verbi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La coniugazione dei verbi turchi è la seguente: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presente">Presente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Presente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Presente"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>konuşmak</b> (parlare) </p> <ul><li>(ben) konuşuyorum → (io) parlo</li> <li>(sen) konuşuyorsun → (tu) parli</li> <li>(o) konuşuyor → (egli) parla</li> <li>(biz) konuşuyoruz → (noi) parliamo</li> <li>(siz) konuşuyorsunuz → (voi) parlate</li> <li>(onlar) konuşuyorlar → (essi) parlano</li></ul> <p><b>içmek</b> (bere) </p> <ul><li>(ben) içiyorum → (io) bevo</li> <li>(sen) içiyorsun → (tu) bevi</li> <li>(o) içiyor → (egli) beve</li> <li>(biz) içiyoruz → (noi) beviamo</li> <li>(siz) içiyorsunuz → (voi) bevete</li> <li>(onlar) içiyorlar → (essi) bevono</li></ul> <p><b>söylemek</b> / <b>demek</b> (dire) </p> <ul><li>(ben) söylüyorum / diyorum → (io) dico</li> <li>(sen) söylüyorsun / diyorsun → (tu) dici</li> <li>(o) söylüyor / diyor → (egli) dice</li> <li>(biz) söylüyoruz / diyoruz → (noi) diciamo</li> <li>(siz) söylüyorsunuz / diyorsunuz → (voi) dite</li> <li>(onlar) söylüyorlar / diyorlar → (essi) dicono</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistema_di_scrittura">Sistema di scrittura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Sistema di scrittura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema di scrittura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_turco" title="Alfabeto turco">Alfabeto turco</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il turco è scritto con una versione modificata dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>, introdotta nel <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> da <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> insieme ad altre misure prese per modernizzare la Turchia. Sino al <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> per scrivere il turco si utilizzava una versione modificata dell'<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_arabo" title="Alfabeto arabo">alfabeto arabo</a> (vedi <a href="/wiki/Lingua_turca_ottomana" title="Lingua turca ottomana">turco ottomano</a>), che divenne illegale dopo quella data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi">Esempi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#EFEFEF"> <th>Italiano </th> <th>Turco </th></tr> <tr> <td>sì </td> <td><i>evet</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>no </td> <td><i>hayır</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ciao </td> <td><i>merhaba</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>io </td> <td><i>ben</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tu </td> <td><i>sen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lui/lei </td> <td><i>o</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>grazie </td> <td><i>teşekkür ederim</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>prego </td> <td><i>buyurun</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>per favore </td> <td><i>lütfen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mi scusi </td> <td><i>affedersiniz</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>buonanotte </td> <td><i>iyi geceler</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>buongiorno </td> <td><i>günaydın</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>arrivederci </td> <td><i>hoşça kalın</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ti amo </td> <td><i>seni seviyorum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sai parlare turco? </td> <td><i>Türkçe konuşabilir misin?</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>No, sono italiano. </td> <td><i>Hayır, İtalyan'ım.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numeri">Numeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Numeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Numeri"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="border" cellpadding="3"> <caption>I numeri cardinali in turco </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><i>n</i> </th> <th>0 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th></tr> <tr> <th><i>n</i> </th> <td><i>sıfır</i> </td> <td><i>bir</i> </td> <td><i>iki</i> </td> <td><i>üç</i> </td> <td><i>dört</i> </td> <td><i>beş</i> </td> <td><i>altı</i> </td> <td><i>yedi</i> </td> <td><i>sekiz</i> </td> <td><i>dokuz</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10·<i>n</i> </th> <td><i>sıfır</i> </td> <td><i>on</i> </td> <td><i>yirmi</i> </td> <td><i>otuz</i> </td> <td><i>kırk</i> </td> <td><i>elli</i> </td> <td><i>altmış</i> </td> <td><i>yetmiş</i> </td> <td><i>seksen</i> </td> <td><i>doksan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10<sup><i>n</i></sup> </th> <td><i>bir</i> </td> <td><i>on</i> </td> <td><i>yüz</i> </td> <td><i>bin</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>milyon</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>milyar</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Per i numeri dall'undici al diciannove, letteralmente sono "dieci uno", "dieci due" e così via. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premi_Nobel_per_la_letteratura_di_lingua_turca">Premi Nobel per la letteratura di lingua turca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Premi Nobel per la letteratura di lingua turca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Premi Nobel per la letteratura di lingua turca"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2006, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turchia (bandiera)"><img alt="Turchia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia">Turchia</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Hendrik Boeschoten, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243809-1"><span style="font-style:italic;">The speakers of Turkic languages</span></a>, Routledge, 4 novembre 2021, pp. 1–12, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-003-24380-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-003-24380-9">978-1-003-24380-9</a>. <small>URL consultato il 16 agosto 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701074825/http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musminen.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span>, 1º luglio 2017. <small>URL consultato il 16 agosto 2023</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musminen.htm">url originale</abbr> il 1º luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/world/what-in-the-world/eu-official-languages.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">As the E.U.’s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden (Published 2017)</span></a>, 4 gennaio 2017. <small>URL consultato il 16 agosto 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammatiche">Grammatiche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Grammatiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Grammatiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rosita D'Amora, <i>Corso di lingua turca</i>, Hoepli, Milano, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788820351151" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8820351151</a></li> <li>Asim Taniş, <i>Corso di lingua turca moderna</i>, Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788875433468" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8875433468</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letteratura_turca" title="Letteratura turca">Letteratura turca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingue_della_Turchia" title="Lingue della Turchia">Lingue della Turchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_turco" title="Alfabeto turco">Alfabeto turco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_alfabeto_turco" title="Nuovo alfabeto turco">Nuovo alfabeto turco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e" title="Öztürkçe">Öztürkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcologia" title="Turcologia">Turcologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettere_i_e_%C4%B1_in_lingua_turca" title="Lettere i e ı in lingua turca">Lettere i e ı in lingua turca</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Collabora a Wikipedia"><img alt="Collabora a Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/18px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/36px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> dispone di un'edizione in <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tr:"><b>lingua turca</b> (tr.wikipedia.org)</a></li></ul> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Turkish language"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish_language?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Turco" class="extiw" title="voy:Turco">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish_language?uselang=it">turco</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikivoyage"><img alt="Collabora a Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/18px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/36px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a> contiene informazioni turistiche su <b><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Turco" class="extiw" title="voy:Turco">turco</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_turca&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turkish-language"><span style="font-style:italic;">Turkish language</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEthnologue" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tur"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lingua turca</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</span>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256#P1627" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aton.ttu.edu"><span style="font-style:italic;">Texas Tech University, Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">aton.ttu.edu</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umich.edu/~turkish/langres_tr.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Turkish Language: Resources – University of Michigan</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">umich.edu</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Turkish"><span style="font-style:italic;">USA Foreign Service Institute Turkish basic course</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">fsi-language-courses.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=180">180</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85138883">sh85138883</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120079-2">4120079-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX534899">XX534899</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX534899">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11955194j">cb11955194j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11955194j">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007556031905171">987007556031905171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573335">00573335</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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