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id="toc-Species_and_selected_hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_and_selected_hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Species and selected hybrids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_and_selected_hybrids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Harvest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases_and_pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases_and_pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Diseases and pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases_and_pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cooking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Timber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nutrition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pear</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer" title="Peer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnen" title="Birnen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Birnen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B8%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%92%E1%89%B5" title="ሸክኒት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሸክኒት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%89_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="كمثرى (جنس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كمثرى (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܟܡܬܪܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܡܬܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Տանձենի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տանձենի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamin_ka_kinkomakisitc" title="Wamin ka kinkomakisitc – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Wamin ka kinkomakisitc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гени – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гени" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armud" title="Armud – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Armud" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="آرمود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرمود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2i-%C3%A1" title="Lâi-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâi-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Круша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Круша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%A1ka" title="Kruška – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kruška" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hru%C5%A1e%C5%88" title="Hrušeň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hrušeň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gellygen" title="Gellygen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gellygen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A6re" title="Pære – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearamuorat" title="Pearamuorat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Pearamuorat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnen" title="Birnen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Birnen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%9D%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%A9" title="ނާޝްޕަތީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނާޝްޕަތީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%A1u%C5%A1cyna" title="Kšušcyna – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kšušcyna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirnipuu_(perekond)" title="Pirnipuu (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pirnipuu (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9" title="Αχλάδι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχλάδι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirarbo" title="Pirarbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pirarbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udareondo_(generoa)" title="Udareondo (generoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udareondo (generoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="گلابی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piru%C3%A7%C3%A2r" title="Piruçâr – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Piruçâr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piorra" title="Piorra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Piorra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peear" title="Peear – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Peear" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кхор – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кхор" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%86%8D" title="배나무속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배나무속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1" title="Տանձ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տանձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%A1wina" title="Krušwina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Krušwina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%A1ka" title="Kruška – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kruška" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir" title="Pir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Кæрдо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кæрдо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perur" title="Perur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A1" title="אגס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81" title="ಮರಸೇಬು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮರಸೇಬು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peras" title="Peras – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Peras" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მსხალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მსხალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%8E%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ٹَنگ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹَنگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82" title="Алмұрт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алмұрт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpea" title="Mpea – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mpea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirm%C3%AE" title="Hirmî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hirmî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Алмурут – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алмурут" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83" title="Грушаву – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Грушаву" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89" title="ສາລີ້ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາລີ້" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbieres" title="Bumbieres – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bumbieres" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bierebeem" title="Bierebeem – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bierebeem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriau%C5%A1%C4%97" title="Kriaušė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kriaušė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paer" title="Paer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Paer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rte" title="Körte – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Körte" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Круша – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Круша" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea_(huar%C4%81kau)" title="Pea (huarākau) – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pea (huarākau)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სხული – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სხული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%89_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89)" title="كمثرى (جنس نباتى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كمثرى (جنس نباتى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%80%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%DB%88" title="هۀمه‌رۈ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هۀمه‌رۈ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir" title="Pir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AC" title="Lì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ra" title="Péra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Péra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Грушакс – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грушакс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%80" title="Лийр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лийр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pera" title="Pera – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Pera" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_(geslacht)" title="Peer (geslacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peer (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="हरियो स्याउ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हरियो स्याउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E5%B1%9E" title="ナシ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナシ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кхор – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerbuumer" title="Peerbuumer – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Peerbuumer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A6reslekta" title="Pæreslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pæreslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nok" title="Nok – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਾਸ਼ਪਾਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸ਼ਪਾਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ناک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grusza" title="Grusza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grusza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pera" title="Pera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almurt" title="Almurt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Almurt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armut" title="Armut – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Armut" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pira" title="Pira – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pira" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रुचकफलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रुचकफलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peir" title="Peir – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peir" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardha" title="Dardha – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dardha" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piru" title="Piru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Piru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear" title="Pear – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pear" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ناسپتي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناسپتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hru%C5%A1ka_(rod)" title="Hruška (rod) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hruška (rod)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hru%C5%A1ka_(rod)" title="Hruška (rod) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hruška (rod)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E" title="ھەرمێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەرمێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крушка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крушка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%A1ka" title="Kruška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kruška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ryn%C3%A4puut" title="Päärynäpuut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Päärynäpuut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ronsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Päronsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Päronsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peras" title="Peras – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peras" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="பேரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Армут – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Армут" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="బేరి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బేరి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5)" title="สาลี่ (สกุล) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาลี่ (สกุล)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Нок – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нок" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97_%E1%8F%92%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%94" title="ᏎᏗᏳᏍᏗ ᏒᎦᏔ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏎᏗᏳᏍᏗ ᏒᎦᏔ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armut" title="Armut – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Armut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Груша – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Груша" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Груша (рід) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Груша (рід)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ناشپاتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناشپاتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%87%D8%AA" title="ئامۇت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئامۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makleiz" title="Makleiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Makleiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gru%C5%A1" title="Gruš – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gruš" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_(th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt)" title="Lê (thực vật) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lê (thực vật)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirn" title="Pirn – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pirn" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poer%C3%AE" title="Poerî – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Poerî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" title="Pyrus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pyrus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%A2%A8" title="生梨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生梨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%A8%E5%B1%AC" title="梨屬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梨屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1ro" title="Mıro – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıro" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%AB%C5%A1%C4%97" title="Grūšė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Grūšė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%A8" title="梨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="梨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambu_Binjai" title="Jambu Binjai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jambu Binjai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BAa" title="Грушкa – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Грушкa" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hul%C9%99" title="Hulə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hulə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Pear">reviewed</a> on <i>14 March 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible fruits from the genus Pyrus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pear tree" and "Pyrus" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pear_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pear (disambiguation)">Pear (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyrus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pyrus (disambiguation)">Pyrus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Pear </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pears.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pears.jpg/220px-Pears.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pears.jpg/330px-Pears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pears.jpg/440px-Pears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">European pear</a> branch with two pears </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pear_DS.jpg/220px-Pear_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pear_DS.jpg/330px-Pear_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pear_DS.jpg/440px-Pear_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Pear fruit cross section </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pyrus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maleae" title="Maleae">Maleae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malinae" title="Malinae">Malinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Pyrus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>About 30 species; see <a href="#Species_and_selected_hybrids">text</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Pears</b> are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><b>Pyrus</b></i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>, bearing the <a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">pomaceous</a> fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees. </p><p>The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">woodwind instruments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a>. </p><p>About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">canned</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dried_fruit" title="Dried fruit">dried</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ferment" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferment">fermented</a> as <a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">perry</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>pear</i> is probably from Germanic <i>pera</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <i>pira</i>, the plural of <i>pirum</i>, akin to Greek <i>apios</i> (from Mycenaean <i>ápisos</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Semitic origin (<i>pirâ</i>), meaning "fruit". The adjective <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyriform" class="extiw" title="wikt:pyriform">pyriform</a></i> or <i>piriform</i> means pear-shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classical Latin word for a pear tree is <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pirus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:pirus">pirus</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>pyrus</i> is an alternate form of this word sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">medieval Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear%27s_morphology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pear%27s_morphology.svg/220px-Pear%27s_morphology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pear%27s_morphology.svg/330px-Pear%27s_morphology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pear%27s_morphology.svg/440px-Pear%27s_morphology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Pear's morphology</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg/220px-PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg/330px-PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg/440px-PearBlossomsCalifornia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Pear blossoms</figcaption></figure> <p>The pear is <a href="/wiki/Native_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plant">native</a> to coastal, temperate, and mountainous regions of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>, from Western Europe and North Africa east across Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are medium-sized trees, reaching up to 20 m tall, often with a tall, narrow crown; a few pear species are <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a> are alternately arranged, simple, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–12 cm (1–<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) long, glossy green on some species, densely silvery-hairy in some others; leaf shape varies from broad oval to narrow lanceolate.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most pears are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, but one or two species in Southeast Asia are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pears are cold-hardy, withstanding temperatures as low as −25 to −40 °C (−13 to −40 °F) in winter, but many grown for agriculture are vulnerable to cold damage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evergreen species only tolerate temperatures down to about −12 °C (10 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are white, rarely tinted yellow or pink, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />2–4 centimetres (1–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) diameter, and have five <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Sepals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepals">sepals</a>, and numerous <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pearfruit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearfruit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like that of the related <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, the pear fruit is a <a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">pome</a>, in most wild species <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />1–4 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) diameter, but in some cultivated forms up to 18 cm (7 in) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />9 cm (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) broad.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shape varies in most species from oblate or globose, to the classic pyriform "<a href="/wiki/Female_body_shape" title="Female body shape">pear shape</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/European_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="European pear">European pear</a> with an elongated basal portion and a bulbous end.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fruit is a <a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">pseudofruit</a> composed of the receptacle or upper end of the flower stalk (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx (botany)">calyx</a> tube) greatly dilated.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enclosed within its cellular flesh is the true fruit: 2–5 '<a href="/wiki/Cartilage#Plants_and_fungi" title="Cartilage">cartilaginous</a>' <a href="/wiki/Carpels" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpels">carpels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known colloquially as the "core".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg/220px-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg/330px-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg/440px-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>A bee pollinating on a pear tree blossom</figcaption></figure> <p>Pears and apples cannot always be distinguished by the form of the fruit;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some pears look very much like some apples, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyrifolia" title="Pyrus pyrifolia">nashi pear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradford_9288.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bradford_9288.JPG/220px-Bradford_9288.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Bradford_9288.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana" title="Pyrus calleryana">Pyrus calleryana</a></i> in flower</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Pear cultivation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climates</a> extends to the remotest antiquity, and evidence exists of its use as a food since prehistoric times. Many traces have been found in <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_Lake_Zurich" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich">prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pears were cultivated in China as early as 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article on Pear tree cultivation in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> is brought down in <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Awwam" title="Ibn al-'Awwam">Ibn al-'Awwam</a>'s 12th-century agricultural work, <i>Book on Agriculture</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>pear</i>, or its equivalent, occurs in all the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a>, while in Slavic and other dialects, differing appellations still referring to the same thing are found—a diversity and multiplicity of <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">nomenclature</a>, which led <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle">Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle</a> to infer a very ancient cultivation of the tree from the shores of the Caspian to those of the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pear was also cultivated by the Romans, who ate the fruits raw or cooked, just like apples.<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint-Samat2009_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-Samat2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Pliny's <i>Natural History</i></a> recommended stewing them with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> and noted three dozen varieties. The Roman cookbook <i><a href="/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" class="mw-redirect" title="De re coquinaria">De re coquinaria</a></i> has a recipe for a spiced, stewed-pear <i>patina</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">soufflé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romans also introduced the fruit to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_nivalis" title="Pyrus nivalis">Pyrus nivalis</a></i>, which has white down on the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">undersurface</a> of the leaves, is chiefly used in Europe in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">perry</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other small-fruited pears, distinguished by their early ripening and globose fruit, may be referred to as <i>P. cordata</i>, a species found wild in southwestern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> is thought to have originated in present-day <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a>, a mountain range of Central Asia, and to have spread to the north and south along mountain chains, evolving into a diverse group of over 20 widely recognized primary species.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enormous number of varieties of the cultivated European pear (<i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">Pyrus communis</a></i> subsp. <i>communis</i>), are likely derived from one or two wild <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> (<i>P. c.</i> subsp. <i>pyraster</i> and <i>P. c.</i> subsp. <i>caucasica</i>), widely distributed throughout Europe, and sometimes forming part of the natural vegetation of the forests.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Court accounts of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> record pears shipped from La Rochelle-Normande and presented to the king by the sheriffs of the City of London.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French names of pears grown in English medieval gardens suggest that their reputation, at the least, was French; a favoured variety in the accounts was named for Saint <a href="/wiki/Rieul_of_Senlis" title="Rieul of Senlis">Rieul of Senlis</a>, Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Senlis" title="Senlis">Senlis</a> in northern France.<sup id="cite_ref-Cecil_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cecil-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asian species with medium to large edible fruit include <i>P. pyrifolia</i>, <i>P. ussuriensis</i>, <i>P. × bretschneideri</i>, and <i>P. × sinkiangensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small-fruited species, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana" title="Pyrus calleryana">Pyrus calleryana</a>,</i> may be used as <a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">rootstocks</a> for the cultivated forms.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subdivision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The genus can be divided into two <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenera</a>—<i>Pyrus</i> and <i>Pashia</i>. Subgenus <i>Pyrus,</i> the Occidental <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, is distributed mainly in the western portion of Eurasia and North Africa, while subgenus <i>Pashia</i>, the Oriental clade, is native to <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. The two subgenera come in contact in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xingjiang</a>, China, and in fact <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_sinkiangensis" title="Pyrus × sinkiangensis">P. sinkiangensis</a></i> appears to have arisen from a hybridisation event between <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">P. communis</a></i> and either <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyrifolia" title="Pyrus pyrifolia">P. pyrifolia</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_bretschneideri" title="Pyrus × bretschneideri">P. bretschneideri</a>,</i> i.e. a hybridisation between a member of the Occidental clade and a member of the Oriental clade.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2024, <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> accepts the following 74 species.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assortment_of_pears.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Assortment_of_pears.jpg/250px-Assortment_of_pears.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Assortment_of_pears.jpg/330px-Assortment_of_pears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Assortment_of_pears.jpg/500px-Assortment_of_pears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>(Left to right, top to bottom) Korean pear, Bosc pear, Forelle pear, red D'Anjou pear, Bartlett pear, green D'Anjou pear, Seckel pear, Comice pear</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg/220px-Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg/330px-Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg/440px-Pyrus_pyrifolia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>Many varieties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nashi_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi pear">Nashi pear</a>, are not "pear-shaped".</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_and_selected_hybrids">Species and selected hybrids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species and selected hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <dl><dt>Subgenus <i>Pyrus</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_acutiserrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus acutiserrata (page does not exist)">Pyrus acutiserrata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_armeniacifolia" title="Pyrus armeniacifolia">Pyrus armeniacifolia</a></i>—Apricot-leaved pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_asiae-mediae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus asiae-mediae (page does not exist)">Pyrus asiae-mediae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_austriaca" title="Pyrus austriaca">Pyrus austriaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_%C3%97_babadagensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus × babadagensis (page does not exist)">Pyrus × babadagensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_%C3%97_bardoensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus × bardoensis (page does not exist)">Pyrus × bardoensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_boissieriana" title="Pyrus boissieriana">Pyrus boissieriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_bourgaeana" title="Pyrus bourgaeana">Pyrus bourgaeana</a></i>—Iberian pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_browiczii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus browiczii (page does not exist)">Pyrus browiczii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_cajon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus cajon (page does not exist)">Pyrus cajon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_castribonensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus castribonensis (page does not exist)">Pyrus castribonensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_chosrovica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus chosrovica (page does not exist)">Pyrus chosrovica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_ciancioi" title="Pyrus ciancioi">Pyrus ciancioi</a></i>—Ciancio's pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">Pyrus communis</a></i>—European pear <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">Pyrus communis</a></i> subsp. <i>communis</i>—European pear (cultivars include <a href="/wiki/D%27Anjou" title="D'Anjou">Beurre d'Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williams_pear" title="Williams pear">Bartlett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosc_Pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosc Pear">Beurre Bosc</a>)</li> <li><i>Pyrus communis</i> subsp. <i>caucasica</i> (<a href="/wiki/Syn." class="mw-redirect" title="Syn.">syn.</a> <i>Pyrus caucasica</i>)</li> <li><i>Pyrus communis</i> subsp. <i>pyraster</i> (syn. <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyraster" title="Pyrus pyraster">Pyrus pyraster</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_complexa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus complexa (page does not exist)">Pyrus complexa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_cordata" title="Pyrus cordata">Pyrus cordata</a></i>—Plymouth pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_cordifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus cordifolia (page does not exist)">Pyrus cordifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_costata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus costata (page does not exist)">Pyrus costata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_daralagezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus daralagezi (page does not exist)">Pyrus daralagezi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_demetrii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus demetrii (page does not exist)">Pyrus demetrii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_elaeagrifolia" title="Pyrus elaeagrifolia">Pyrus elaeagrifolia</a></i>—Oleaster-leaved pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_elata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus elata (page does not exist)">Pyrus elata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_eldarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus eldarica (page does not exist)">Pyrus eldarica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_fedorovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus fedorovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus fedorovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_ferganensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus ferganensis (page does not exist)">Pyrus ferganensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_georgica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus georgica (page does not exist)">Pyrus georgica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_gergerana" title="Pyrus gergerana">Pyrus gergerana</a></i>—Gergeranian pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_glabra" title="Pyrus glabra">Pyrus glabra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_grossheimii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus grossheimii (page does not exist)">Pyrus grossheimii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_hajastani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus hajastani (page does not exist)">Pyrus hajastani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_hakkiarica" title="Pyrus hakkiarica">Pyrus hakkiarica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_hyrcana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus hyrcana (page does not exist)">Pyrus hyrcana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_jacquemontiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus jacquemontiana (page does not exist)">Pyrus jacquemontiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_%C3%97_jordanovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus × jordanovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus × jordanovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_ketzkhovelii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus ketzkhovelii (page does not exist)">Pyrus ketzkhovelii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_mazanderanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus mazanderanica (page does not exist)">Pyrus mazanderanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_medvedevii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus medvedevii (page does not exist)">Pyrus medvedevii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_megrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus megrica (page does not exist)">Pyrus megrica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_michauxii" title="Pyrus × michauxii">Pyrus × michauxii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_neoserrulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus neoserrulata (page does not exist)">Pyrus neoserrulata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_nivalis" title="Pyrus nivalis">Pyrus nivalis</a></i>—Snow pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_nutans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus nutans (page does not exist)">Pyrus nutans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_oxyprion" title="Pyrus oxyprion">Pyrus oxyprion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_pedrottiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus pedrottiana (page does not exist)">Pyrus pedrottiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_raddeana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus raddeana (page does not exist)">Pyrus raddeana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_regelii" title="Pyrus regelii">Pyrus regelii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_sachokiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus sachokiana (page does not exist)">Pyrus sachokiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_salicifolia" title="Pyrus salicifolia">Pyrus salicifolia</a></i>—Willow-leaved pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_sicanorum" title="Pyrus sicanorum">Pyrus sicanorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_sinkiangensis" title="Pyrus × sinkiangensis">Pyrus × sinkiangensis</a></i>—thought to be an interspecific hybrid between <i>P. </i>×<i>bretschneideri</i> and <i>Pyrus communis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_sogdiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus sogdiana (page does not exist)">Pyrus sogdiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_sosnovskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus sosnovskyi (page does not exist)">Pyrus sosnovskyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_spinosa" title="Pyrus spinosa">Pyrus spinosa</a></i>—Almond-leaved pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_syriaca" title="Pyrus syriaca">Pyrus syriaca</a></i>—Syrian pear</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_tadshikistanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus tadshikistanica (page does not exist)">Pyrus tadshikistanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_takhtadzhianii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus takhtadzhianii (page does not exist)">Pyrus takhtadzhianii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_tamamschiannae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus tamamschiannae (page does not exist)">Pyrus tamamschiannae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_terpoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus terpoi (page does not exist)">Pyrus terpoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_theodorovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus theodorovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus theodorovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_turcomanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus turcomanica (page does not exist)">Pyrus turcomanica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_tuskaulensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus tuskaulensis (page does not exist)">Pyrus tuskaulensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_vallis-demonis" title="Pyrus vallis-demonis">Pyrus vallis-demonis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_%C3%97_vavilovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus × vavilovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus × vavilovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_voronovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus voronovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus voronovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_vsevolodovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus vsevolodovii (page does not exist)">Pyrus vsevolodovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_yaltirikii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus yaltirikii (page does not exist)">Pyrus yaltirikii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_zangezura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus zangezura (page does not exist)">Pyrus zangezura</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Subgenus <i>Pashia</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_betulifolia" title="Pyrus betulifolia">Pyrus betulifolia</a></i>—Birchleaf pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_bretschneideri" title="Pyrus × bretschneideri">Pyrus × bretschneideri</a></i>—Chinese white pear; also classified as a subspecies of <i>Pyrus pyrifolia</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana" title="Pyrus calleryana">Pyrus calleryana</a></i>—Callery pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_hopeiensis" title="Pyrus hopeiensis">Pyrus hopeiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_korshinskyi" title="Pyrus korshinskyi">Pyrus korshinskyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pashia" title="Pyrus pashia">Pyrus pashia</a></i>—Afghan pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_phaeocarpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrus × phaeocarpa">Pyrus × phaeocarpa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pseudopashia" title="Pyrus pseudopashia">Pyrus pseudopashia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyrifolia" title="Pyrus pyrifolia">Pyrus pyrifolia</a></i>—Nashi pear, <i>Sha Li</i>; tree species native to China, Japan, and Korea, also known as the Asian pear</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_trilocularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrus trilocularis">Pyrus trilocularis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_ussuriensis" title="Pyrus ussuriensis">Pyrus ussuriensis</a></i>—Siberian pear (also known as the Ussurian pear, Harbin pear, or Manchurian pear)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_xerophila" title="Pyrus xerophila">Pyrus xerophila</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Not classified</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrus_alpinotaiwaniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrus alpinotaiwaniana (page does not exist)">Pyrus alpinotaiwaniana</a></i></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg/220px-Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg/330px-Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg/440px-Pear_tree_in_Hamedan_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Pear tree</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Pear Bureau Northwest, about 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pear is normally propagated by <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a> a selected variety onto a <a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">rootstock</a>, which may be of a pear or <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a> variety. Quince rootstocks produce smaller trees, which is often desirable in commercial orchards or domestic gardens. For new varieties the flowers can be <a href="/wiki/Cross-breeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-breeding">cross-bred</a> to preserve or combine desirable traits. The fruit of the pear is produced on spurs, which appear on shoots more than one year old.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four species which are primarily grown for edible fruit production: the <a href="/wiki/European_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="European pear">European pear</a> <i>Pyrus communis</i> subsp. <i>communis</i> cultivated mainly in Europe and North America, the Chinese white pear (<i>bai li</i>) <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_bretschneideri" title="Pyrus × bretschneideri">Pyrus × bretschneideri</a></i>, the Chinese pear <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_ussuriensis" title="Pyrus ussuriensis">Pyrus ussuriensis</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nashi_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi pear">Nashi pear</a> <i>Pyrus pyrifolia</i> (also known as Asian pear or apple pear), which are grown mainly in eastern Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are thousands of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of these three species.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A species grown in western China, <i>P. sinkiangensis</i>, and <i>P. pashia</i>, grown in southern China and south Asia, are also produced to a lesser degree.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other species are used as <a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">rootstocks</a> for European and Asian pears and as <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental trees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pear wood is close-grained and has been used as a specialized timber for fine furniture and making the blocks for <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Manchurian or Ussurian Pear, <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_ussuriensis" title="Pyrus ussuriensis">Pyrus ussuriensis</a></i> (which produces <a href="/wiki/Unpalatable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpalatable">unpalatable</a> fruit primarily used for canning) has been crossed with <i>Pyrus communis</i> to breed hardier pear cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bradford pear (<i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana" title="Pyrus calleryana">Pyrus calleryana</a></i> 'Bradford') is widespread as an ornamental tree in North America, where it has become <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> in regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used as a blight-resistant rootstock for <i>Pyrus communis</i> fruit orchards.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Willow-leaved pear (<i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_salicifolia" title="Pyrus salicifolia">Pyrus salicifolia</a></i>) is grown for its silvery leaves, flowers, and its "weeping" form.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_cultivars" title="List of pear cultivars">List of pear cultivars</a></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Cultivars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivars">cultivars</a> have gained the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merit" title="Award of Garden Merit">Award of Garden Merit</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>'Beth'<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Beurré Hardy'<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Beurré Superfin'<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Concorde'<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Conference_pear" title="Conference pear">Conference</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Doyenn%C3%A9_du_Comice" title="Doyenné du Comice">Doyenné du Comice</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Joséphine de Malines'<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>The purely decorative cultivar <i>P. salicifolia</i> 'Pendula', with pendulous branches and silvery leaves, has also won the award.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvest">Harvest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Harvest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Summer and autumn <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of <i>Pyrus communis</i>, being <a href="/wiki/Climacteric_fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Climacteric fruits">climacteric fruits</a>, are gathered before they are fully ripe, while they are still green, but snap off when lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain other pears, including <i>Pyrus pyrifolia</i> and <i>P. × bretschneideri</i>, have both climacteric and non-climacteric varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diseases_and_pests">Diseases and pests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diseases and pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_diseases" title="List of pear diseases">List of pear diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; width:14em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"> <caption>Pear production – 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf;;"><small>(Millions of<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>19.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>0.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>0.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>0.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>0.52 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td><b>World</b></td> <td>26.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pear_production" title="List of countries by pear production">List of countries by pear production</a></div> <p>In 2022, world production of pears was 26 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> with 73% of the total (table).<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 48% of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>'s pears are produced in the <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonian</a> valley of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Negro_(Argentina)" title="Río Negro (Argentina)">Río Negro</a> in Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage">Storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pears may be stored at room temperature until ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-cpma_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpma-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pears are ripe when the flesh around the stem gives to gentle pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-cpma_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpma-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ripe pears are optimally stored refrigerated, uncovered in a single layer, where they have a shelf life of 2 to 3 days.<sup id="cite_ref-cpma_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpma-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pears ripen at room temperature. Ripening is accelerated by the gas <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_as_a_plant_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylene as a plant hormone">ethylene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If pears are placed next to <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a> in a fruit bowl, the ethylene emitted by the banana causes the pears to ripen.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refrigeration will slow further ripening. According to Pear Bureau Northwest, most varieties show little color change as they ripen (though the skin on Bartlett pears changes from green to yellow as they ripen).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cooking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG/170px-Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG/255px-Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG/340px-Williams_Christ_Obstbrand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="2453" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Poire_Williams" title="Poire Williams">Poire Williams</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Fruit_brandy" title="Fruit brandy">fruit brandy</a> produced from the <a href="/wiki/Williams_pear" title="Williams pear">Williams pear</a>. The bottle is tied to the tree and the pear is grown inside it.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pears are consumed fresh, canned, as <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dried_fruit" title="Dried fruit">dried</a>. The juice can also be used in <a href="/wiki/Jelly_(fruit_preserves)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelly (fruit preserves)">jellies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jams</a>, usually in combination with other fruits, including berries. Fermented pear juice is called <a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">perry</a> or pear cider and is made in a way that is similar to how <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> is made from apples.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perry can be distilled to produce an <i><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">eau de vie</a> de poire</i>, a colorless, unsweetened fruit brandy.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pear purée is used to manufacture snack foods such as <a href="/wiki/Fruit_by_the_Foot" title="Fruit by the Foot">Fruit by the Foot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_Roll-Ups" title="Fruit Roll-Ups">Fruit Roll-Ups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The culinary or cooking pear is green but dry and hard, and only edible after several hours of cooking. Two Dutch cultivars are <i>Gieser Wildeman</i> (a sweet variety) and <i>Saint Remy</i> (slightly sour).<sup id="cite_ref-Koene2005_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koene2005-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timber">Timber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Timber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">woodwind</a> instruments and <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a>, and was used for making the carved blocks for <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a>. It is also used for wood carving, and as a <a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">firewood</a> to produce aromatic smoke for smoking meat or <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>. Pear wood is valued for kitchen spoons, scoops and stirrers, as it does not contaminate food with color, flavor or smell, and resists warping and splintering despite repeated soaking and drying cycles. Lincoln<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln,_William_1986_pp._33,_207_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln,_William_1986_pp._33,_207-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes it as "a fairly tough, very stable wood... (used for) carving... brushbacks, umbrella handles, measuring instruments such as set squares and T-squares... recorders... violin and guitar fingerboards and piano keys... decorative veneering." Pearwood is the favored wood for architect's rulers because it does not warp. It is similar to the wood of its relative, the apple tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Malus_domestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Malus domestica">Malus domestica</a></i>) and used for many of the same purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Lincoln,_William_1986_pp._33,_207_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lincoln,_William_1986_pp._33,_207-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Pears, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">239 kJ (57 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">15.23 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">9.75 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.1 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.14 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.36 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.012 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.026 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.161 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.049 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.029 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 7 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 5.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 4.3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.12 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 4.4 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 9 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 0.082 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.18 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 7 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.048 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 12 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 116 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">84 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417083033/https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09252&format=Full">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw pear is 84% water, 15% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a> and contains negligible <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />100 g (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> oz) reference amount, raw pear supplies 239 kilojoules (57 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a>, a moderate amount of <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, and no <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> in significant amounts (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2019 review found preliminary evidence for the potential of pear consumption to favorably affect cardiovascular health.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pears grow in the sublime <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alcinous" title="Alcinous">Alcinous</a>, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> vii: "Therein grow trees, tall and luxuriant, pears and <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>-trees with their bright fruit, and sweet <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">figs</a>, and luxuriant <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>. Of these the fruit perishes not nor fails in <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> or in summer, but lasts throughout the year."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"A <a href="/wiki/Partridge" title="Partridge">Partridge</a> in a Pear Tree" is the first gift in the <a href="/wiki/Cumulative_song" title="Cumulative song">cumulative song</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas_(song)" title="The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)">"The Twelve Days of Christmas"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pear tree was an object of particular veneration (as was the <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Tree_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree worship">tree worship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nakh_peoples" title="Nakh peoples">Nakh peoples</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> – see <a href="/wiki/Vainakh_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Vainakh mythology">Vainakh mythology</a> and see also <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a> – the best-known of the Vainakh peoples today being the <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>. Pear and walnut trees were held to be the sacred abodes of beneficent spirits in pre-Islamic Chechen religion and, for this reason, it was forbidden to fell them.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pears simmered in red wine"><img alt="Pears simmered in red wine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg/120px-Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg/180px-Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg/240px-Pyrus_communis_gestoofde_stoofpeer_Gieser_Wildeman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pears simmered in red wine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pear in a bottle of pear eau de vie"><img alt="Pear in a bottle of pear eau de vie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg/90px-Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg/135px-Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg/180px-Pear_in_a_bottle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pear in a bottle of pear <i><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">eau de vie</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pear blossom in eastern Siberia"><img alt="Pear blossom in eastern Siberia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg/108px-Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg/162px-Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg/217px-Pear_Blossom_in_Eastern_Siberia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pear blossom in eastern Siberia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">List of culinary fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_cultivars" title="List of pear cultivars">List of pear cultivars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stratagemmarketinsights.com&rft.atitle=Global+and+Japan+Pear+Puree+Market+Analysis+2022%3A+Industry+Size%2C+Share%2C+Emerging+Trends%2C+Growth+Opportunities+And+Forecast+To+2028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratagemmarketinsights.com%2Freport%2Fpear-puree-market-120322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520223641/https://www.ewg.org/foodscores/products/016000493001-FruitbytheFootFruitFlavoredSnacksStrawberryStrawberry/">"EWG's Food Scores: Fruit by the Foot Fruit Flavored Snacks, Strawberry, Strawberry"</a>. <i>www.ewg.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookshelf ID (identifier)">NCBI</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428">NBK545428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGayerAvendanoEdelsonNirmala2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gayer BA, Avendano EE, Edelson E, et al. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813372">"Effects of Intake of Apples, Pears, or Their Products on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"</a>. <i>Current Developments in Nutrition</i>. <b>3</b> (10): nzz109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcdn%2Fnzz109">10.1093/cdn/nzz109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813372">6813372</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667463">31667463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Developments+in+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Intake+of+Apples%2C+Pears%2C+or+Their+Products+on+Cardiometabolic+Risk+Factors+and+Clinical+Outcomes%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=nzz109&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6813372%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31667463&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcdn%2Fnzz109&rft.aulast=Gayer&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.au=Avendano%2C+EE&rft.au=Edelson%2C+E&rft.au=Nirmala%2C+N&rft.au=Johnson%2C+EJ&rft.au=Raman%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6813372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomer1975" class="citation book cs1">Homer (1975) [Composed 8th century BCE]. <i>The Odyssey of Homer</i>. Translated by Lattimore, Richmond. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060904791" title="Special:BookSources/9780060904791"><bdi>9780060904791</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey+of+Homer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780060904791&rft.au=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBodleian_Libraries,_University_of_Oxford" class="citation web cs1">Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballads.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/view/edition/12086">"The twelve days of Christmas"</a>. <i>Broadside Ballads Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadside+Ballads+Online&rft.atitle=The+twelve+days+of+Christmas&rft.au=Bodleian+Libraries%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballads.bodleian.ox.ac.uk%2Fview%2Fedition%2F12086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Chechens: A Handbook</i> by Jaimoukha, Amjad. Published by Psychology Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32328-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32328-4">978-0-415-32328-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Morgan2015" class="citation book cs1">Joan Morgan (2015). <i>The Book of Pears: The Definitive History and Guide to Over 500 Varieties</i>. Chelsea Green Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1603586665" title="Special:BookSources/978-1603586665"><bdi>978-1603586665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Pears%3A+The+Definitive+History+and+Guide+to+Over+500+Varieties&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1603586665&rft.au=Joan+Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APear" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pyrus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pyrus"><i>Pyrus</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pear" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Pear">Pear</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pyrus306" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pyrus" title="Template:Pyrus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pyrus" title="Template talk:Pyrus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pyrus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pyrus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pyrus306" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Pyrus</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_cultivars" title="List of pear cultivars">Cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abate_Fetel" title="Abate Fetel">Abate Fetel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc_pear" title="Bosc pear">Bosc pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_pear_(plant)" title="Choke pear (plant)">Choke pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchland_pear" title="Churchland pear">Churchland pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concorde_(pear)" title="Concorde (pear)">Concorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_pear" title="Conference pear">Conference pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Anjou" title="D'Anjou">D'Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyenn%C3%A9_du_Comice" title="Doyenné du Comice">Doyenné du Comice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harovin_Sundown" title="Harovin Sundown">Harovin Sundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_pear" title="Huntington pear">Huntington pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Conte_pear" title="Le Conte pear">Le Conte pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsonage_pear" title="Parsonage pear">Parsonage pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAra_Rocha" title="Pêra Rocha">Pêra Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seckel_pear" title="Seckel pear">Seckel pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinking_Bishop_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinking Bishop pear">Stinking Bishop pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor%27s_gold" title="Taylor's gold">Taylor's gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warden_pear" class="mw-redirect" title="Warden pear">Warden pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_pear" title="Williams pear">Williams pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Nelis_pear" title="Winter Nelis pear">Winter Nelis pear</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PearPhoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pear"><img alt="Pear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PearPhoto.jpg/45px-PearPhoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PearPhoto.jpg/68px-PearPhoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PearPhoto.jpg/90px-PearPhoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Pear</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_anatolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrus anatolica">P. anatolica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_armeniacifolia" title="Pyrus armeniacifolia">P. armeniacifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_boissieriana" title="Pyrus boissieriana">P. boissieriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_bourgaeana" title="Pyrus bourgaeana">P. bourgaeana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_calleryana" title="Pyrus calleryana">P. calleryana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_communis" title="Pyrus communis">P. communis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_cordata" title="Pyrus cordata">P. cordata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_elaeagrifolia" title="Pyrus elaeagrifolia">P. elaeagrifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_hakkiarica" title="Pyrus hakkiarica">P. hakkiarica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_korshinskyi" title="Pyrus korshinskyi">P. korshinskyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_nivalis" title="Pyrus nivalis">P. nivalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_oxyprion" title="Pyrus oxyprion">P. oxyprion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pashia" title="Pyrus pashia">P. pashia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyraster" title="Pyrus pyraster">P. pyraster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_pyrifolia" title="Pyrus pyrifolia">P. pyrifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_salicifolia" title="Pyrus salicifolia">P. salicifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_serikensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrus serikensis">P. serikensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_spinosa" title="Pyrus spinosa">P. spinosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_syriaca" title="Pyrus syriaca">P. syriaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_ussuriensis" title="Pyrus ussuriensis">P. ussuriensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural hybrids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_bretschneideri" title="Pyrus × bretschneideri">Pyrus × bretschneideri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_%C3%97_sinkiangensis" title="Pyrus × sinkiangensis">Pyrus × sinkiangensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Pomona" title="Herefordshire Pomona">Herefordshire Pomona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_diseases" title="List of pear diseases">List of pear diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottori_Nijisseiki_Pear_Museum" title="Tottori Nijisseiki Pear Museum">Tottori Nijisseiki Pear Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Apple_and_Pear_Association" title="World Apple and Pear Association">World Apple and Pear Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pyrus" title="Category:Pyrus">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pears" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pears">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4771" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4771" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pyrus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q434">Q434</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pyrus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pyrus">Pyrus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/194247">194247</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/75432">75432</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=163500">163500</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7689">7689</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Pyrus">Pyrus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/29920">29920</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PYUG">1PYUG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22626">22626</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=127801">127801</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=127801">127801</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2986532">2986532</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10194">10194</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/58736">58736</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/34002-1">34002-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1332631">1332631</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=25294">25294</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000462196">NHMSYS0000462196</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3766">3766</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/c6ce3481-e0f3-418f-87e7-89e4d1052d8f">c6ce3481-e0f3-418f-87e7-89e4d1052d8f</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=259068">259068</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PYRUS">PYRUS</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000967-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000967-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40021515">40021515</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1608">1608</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/0c00da0e-0a71-4772-b061-576d049e1310">0c00da0e-0a71-4772-b061-576d049e1310</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000032328">wfo-4000032328</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox577" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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