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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사적_발전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사적_발전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사적 발전</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-역사적_발전-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>역사적 발전 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-역사적_발전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-고전_물리학의_중력_-_뉴턴의_만유인력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고전_물리학의_중력_-_뉴턴의_만유인력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>고전 물리학의 중력 - 뉴턴의 만유인력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-고전_물리학의_중력_-_뉴턴의_만유인력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-현대_물리학의_중력_-_아인슈타인의_일반_상대론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#현대_물리학의_중력_-_아인슈타인의_일반_상대론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>현대 물리학의 중력 - 아인슈타인의 일반 상대론</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-현대_물리학의_중력_-_아인슈타인의_일반_상대론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-양자_중력을_향하여" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#양자_중력을_향하여"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>양자 중력을 향하여</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-양자_중력을_향하여-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지구의_중력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지구의_중력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>지구의 중력</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-지구의_중력-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>지구의 중력 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-지구의_중력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-지구의_중력_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지구의_중력_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>지구의 중력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지구의_중력_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지구_표면에서_낙하하는_물체의_운동" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지구_표면에서_낙하하는_물체의_운동"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>지구 표면에서 낙하하는 물체의 운동</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지구_표면에서_낙하하는_물체의_운동-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-중력과_천문학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#중력과_천문학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>중력과 천문학</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-중력과_천문학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-중력파" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#중력파"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>중력파</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-중력파-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-중력_속도" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#중력_속도"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>중력 속도</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-중력_속도-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-이례와_차이" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#이례와_차이"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>이례와 차이</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-이례와_차이-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">중력</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 162개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-162" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">162개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaartekrag" title="Swaartekrag – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swaartekrag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ግስበት – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግስበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravedat" title="Gravedat – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gravedat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جاذبية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاذبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جابدية – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جابدية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جاذبيه – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاذبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="মহাকৰ্ষণ – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহাকৰ্ষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graved%C3%A1" title="Gravedá – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gravedá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 아와히어" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="아와히어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazib%C9%99_q%C3%BCvv%C9%99si" title="Cazibə qüvvəsi – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cazibə qüvvəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جاذیبه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جاذیبه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaakroft" title="Schwaakroft – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schwaakroft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Gravitacėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gravitacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabidad" title="Grabidad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Grabidad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гравітацыя – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гравітацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гравітацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гравітацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_s%C3%A8ngg%C3%A8t" title="Gaya sènggèt – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gaya sènggèt" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="মহাকর্ষ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাকর্ষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="অভিকর্ষ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="অভিকর্ষ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitadur" title="Gravitadur – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gravitadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravetat" title="Gravetat – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gravetat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏓᎾᏌᏁᏍᎩ – 체로키어" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓᎾᏌᏁᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="체로키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ڕاکێشان (فیزیک) – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاکێشان (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitace" title="Gravitace – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gravitace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Гравитаци – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гравитаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgyrchiant" title="Disgyrchiant – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Disgyrchiant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C4%B1%C5%9F%C3%AA_erdi" title="Antışê erdi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Antışê erdi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βαρύτητα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαρύτητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gravity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravito" title="Gravito – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gravito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravedad" title="Gravedad – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gravedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatsioon" title="Gravitatsioon – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gravitatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabitazio" title="Grabitazio – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grabitazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graved%C3%A1" title="Gravedá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gravedá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="گرانش – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرانش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painovoima" title="Painovoima – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Painovoima" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi" title="Bibi – 피지어" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bibi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="피지어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaarkr%C3%A4%C3%A4ft" title="Swaarkrääft – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Swaarkrääft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiertekr%C3%AAft" title="Swiertekrêft – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swiertekrêft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imtharraingt" title="Imtharraingt – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Imtharraingt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasyon" title="Gravitasyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gravitasyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iom-tharraing" title="Iom-tharraing – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iom-tharraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaretepyte" title="Mbaretepyte – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbaretepyte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 고론탈로어" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="고론탈로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%A3" title="ગુરુત્વાકર્ષણ – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગુરુત્વાકર્ષણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ym-hayrn" title="Ym-hayrn – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ym-hayrn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="כבידה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasyon" title="Gravitasyon – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gravitasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Gravitáció – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gravitáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ձգողականություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձգողականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti – 이반어" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Graviti" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="이반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravito" title="Gravito – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gravito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eyngdarafl" title="Þyngdarafl – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þyngdarafl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interazione_gravitazionale" title="Interazione gravitazionale – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interazione gravitazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="重力 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="重力" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitieshan" title="Gravitieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gravitieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maircpukai" title="maircpukai – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="maircpukai" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გრავიტაცია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრავიტაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taldayt" title="Taldayt – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taldayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89ama_h%C9%94m_%C9%96o%C5%8B_(gravitation)" title="Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಗುರುತ್ವ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರುತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0" title="گرٛٲنؠ – 카슈미르어" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گرٛٲنؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="카슈미르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak%C3%AA%C5%9F" title="Rakêş – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rakêş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тартылуу – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тартылуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitas_(physica)" title="Gravitas (physica) – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gravitas (physica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatioun" title="Gravitatioun – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gravitatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravita" title="Gravita – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gravita" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essikirizo_(Gravity)" title="Essikirizo (Gravity) – 간다어" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essikirizo (Gravity)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="간다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwaordjekraf" title="Zwaordjekraf – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zwaordjekraf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_de_gravit%C3%A0" title="Forza de gravità – 롬바르드어" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Forza de gravità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="롬바르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ກາວິທັດ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາວິທັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C4%81cija" title="Gravitācija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gravitācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гравитација – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гравитација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Гравитаци – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гравитаци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Graviti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabidade" title="Grabidade – 미란데어" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grabidade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="미란데어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်ဆွဲအား – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်ဆွဲအား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatschoon" title="Gravitatschoon – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gravitatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="गुरुत्व बल – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुरुत्व बल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81" title="गेँसु – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गेँसु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwaartekracht" title="Zwaartekracht – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwaartekracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasjon" title="Gravitasjon – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gravitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasjon" title="Gravitasjon – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gravitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatione" title="Gravitatione – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gravitatione" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacion" title="Gravitacion – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gravitacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkisoo" title="Harkisoo – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Harkisoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A" title="ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਖਿੱਚ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਰੂਤਾ ਖਿੱਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grawitacja" title="Grawitacja – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grawitacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="گریویٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریویٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8%DB%90_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87" title="د جاذبې قوه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د جاذبې قوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llasaturaku" title="Llasaturaku – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llasaturaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gravitație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґравітація – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґравітація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="गुरुत्वाकर्षणशक्तिः – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरुत्वाकर्षणशक्तिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gravidade" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitazzioni_univirsali" title="Gravitazzioni univirsali – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gravitazzioni univirsali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B4%D8%B4_%D8%AB%D9%82%D9%84" title="ڪشش ثقل – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪشش ثقل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gravitacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gravity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A1cia" title="Gravitácia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gravitácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%BEnost" title="Težnost – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Težnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A4dduvyeimi" title="Tiädduvyeimi – 이나리 사미어" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tiädduvyeimi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="이나리 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunganidzo" title="Gunganidzo – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gunganidzo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cufisjiidad" title="Cufisjiidad – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cufisjiidad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviteti" title="Graviteti – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Graviteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Гравитација – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гравитација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweerkraft" title="Sweerkraft – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sweerkraft" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gravitasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation" title="Gravitation – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gravitation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvutano" title="Uvutano – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uvutano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="ஈர்ப்பு விசை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈர்ப்பு விசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" title="గురుత్వాకర్షణ – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గురుత్వాకర్షణ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Гирониш – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гирониш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="ความโน้มถ่วง – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความโน้มถ่วง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabedad" title="Grabedad – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Grabedad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalavite" title="Kalavite – 통가어" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kalavite" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="통가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCtle%C3%A7ekim" title="Kütleçekim – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kütleçekim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гравитация – 투비니안어" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гравитация" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="투비니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B4_%D9%83%DB%88%DA%86%D9%89" title="ئالەملىك تارتىش كۈچى – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالەملىك تارتىش كۈچى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гравітація – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гравітація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ثقالت – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ثقالت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitatsiya" title="Gravitatsiya – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gravitatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravit%C3%A0" title="Gravità – 베네치아어" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gravità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="베네치아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitacii" title="Gravitacii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gravitacii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_h%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Tương tác hấp dẫn – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tương tác hấp dẫn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 대만 타오위안시의 행정구 중력(中壢)에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%AC" title="중리구">중리구</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_(captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/300px-UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/450px-UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/600px-UGC_1810_and_UGC_1813_in_Arp_273_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7887" data-file-height="7994" /></a><figcaption>서로의 중력이 은하 모양을 변형한 두 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="은하">은하</a> (UGC 1810과 UGC 1813)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>중력</b>(重力, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">gravity</span>)은 질량을 가진 모든 물체 사이에 작용하는 서로 당기는 힘, 상호 인력으로, 현재까지 알려진 네 개의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="기본 상호작용">기본 상호작용</a> 가운데 하나이다. 중력은 기본 상호작용 중 가장 약하며, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="강력">강력</a>보다 10<sup>38</sup>배, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="전자기력">전자기력</a>보다 10<sup>36</sup>배, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="약력">약력</a>보다 10<sup>29</sup>배 약하다. 따라서, 중력은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="아원자 입자">아원자 입자</a> 규모에서 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하지만, 천문학적 규모에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="행성">행성</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="항성">항성</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="은하">은하</a>의 운동과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%9B" title="빛">빛</a>의 경로를 결정하는 가장 중요한 상호작용이다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 따라서 중력은 천체가 행하는 물체의 붙잡음, 천체들의 궤도나 우주 전체의 구조와 진화 과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다. </p><p>지표면에서, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="질량">질량</a>을 가진 물체는 지구가 가하는 중력으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B2%8C" title="무게">무게</a>를 갖는다. 또한 달이 지구에 가하는 중력으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%9D" title="조석">조석</a>이 발생한다.(이때 달과 마주보는 면의 반대편에 생기는 조석은 지구와 달의 궤도 중심을 도는 지구의 관성에서 발생한다.) 중력으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="다세포 생물">다세포 생물</a>이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B4%EC%A7%80%EC%84%B1" title="굴지성">굴지성</a>을 나타내거나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98%EA%B3%84" title="순환계">순환계</a>에 영향을 받는 등, 중력은 생물의 성장과 기능에도 영향을 미친다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주</a> 가스 물질들은 중력으로 합쳐져 별을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="항성 형성">형성</a>하고 최종적으로 응축하여 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="은하">은하</a>를 만들었다. 이러한 점에서 중력은 우주의 수많은 대규모 구조들을 만드는 중요한 역할을 하였다. 중력은 무한한 범위에 영향을 미치지만, 물체가 멀어질수록 그 효과는 약해진다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사적_발전"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC.EC.A0.81_.EB.B0.9C.EC.A0.84"></span>역사적 발전</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사적 발전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>중력 이해는 시대의 흐름에 따라 몇 차례의 큰 변동을 겪었다. 이러한 변화는 격동적으로 일어났지만, 정밀한 실험 환경이 없었던 본질적 어려움으로 다른 분야에 비해 전환이 늦었다. 뉴턴이 세운 고전 역학의 틀 안에서 먼저 역제곱 법칙을 만족시키는 만유인력의 법칙이 탄생하였다. 이는 태양계 내 천체 현상을 이해하도록 도움을 주었다. 19세기 중반 이후 미묘한 오차를 발견하였으나 실제 정정은 20세기에 와서 일어났다. 새로운 역학 체계인 상대성 이론이 등장하며 고전주의 만유인력 문제를 극복하였다. 아인슈타인의 일반 상대성 이론이 묘사하는 중력은 태양계를 넘어, 우주 전체를 이해하는 중요한 수단이다. 물론, 일반 상대성 이론은 양자 역학과의 비정합성(특이점 문제), 일부 불만족스러운 우주론적 개념 등 새로운 차원의 문제도 있다. 이것들은 현대 물리학의 중요한 숙원 과제이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="고전_물리학의_중력_-_뉴턴의_만유인력"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EC.A0.84_.EB.AC.BC.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.99.EC.9D.98_.EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5_-_.EB.89.B4.ED.84.B4.EC.9D.98_.EB.A7.8C.EC.9C.A0.EC.9D.B8.EB.A0.A5"></span>고전 물리학의 중력 - 뉴턴의 만유인력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 고전 물리학의 중력 - 뉴턴의 만유인력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%B8%EB%A0%A5%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="만유인력의 법칙">만유인력의 법칙</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/171px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/256px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/342px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption>아이작 뉴턴(Issac Newton, 1642~1727)</figcaption></figure> <p>중력은 천체 문제를 해결하는 도구로서 출발하였다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EC%BD%94_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%97%A4" title="튀코 브라헤">튀코 브라헤</a>를 거쳐 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC" title="요하네스 케플러">요하네스 케플러</a>가 정립한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC%EC%9D%98_%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="케플러의 행성운동법칙">행성운동법칙</a>은 태양계 천체들의 궤도 운동을 이해하도록 가장 중요한 도구였다. 이를 바탕으로 1687년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%91_%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4" title="아이작 뉴턴">아이작 뉴턴</a>은 저서 프린키피아(Principia)에서 다음과 같은 이론을 제시하였다. </p><p>질량을 갖는 모든 물체는 서로를 향하는 방향의 인력(만유인력)을 만들며, 질량이 각각 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1},m_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1},m_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fd2f8098df7628f42d6b2f8fdb7450122aefec7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.223ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1},m_{2}}"></span>인 물체 간의 거리가 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>일 때, 중력의 세기는 다음과 같다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=G{m_{1}m_{2} \over r^{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=G{m_{1}m_{2} \over r^{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e8e3f8f1ad48e19a83c36a1ae92fd7ced010e70" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:13.691ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=G{m_{1}m_{2} \over r^{2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>여기에서 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}"></span>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5_%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="중력 상수">중력 상수</a>로 어떤 경우에나 같다. 이 값은 매우 작으나 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EC%BA%90%EB%B2%88%EB%94%94%EC%8B%9C" title="헨리 캐번디시">헨리 캐번디시</a> 등이 측정에 성공하였다. 거리만큼 떨어진 질량에서 생기는 인력으로 나타나는 가속도는 두 물체 사이에 작용하는 힘을 제곱미터로 나누어 주면 구한다. 이때 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31aafa60e48d39ccce922404c0b80340b2cc777a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.095ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{1}}"></span>을 지구의 질량 , <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>을 지구의 반경으로 바꾸면 가속도는 지구의 인력에서 발생한 중력이 된다. 이 법칙은 케플러 법칙을 잘 설명하며 또한 지표면에서 지구로부터 거리 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>가 일정하다고 두었을 때 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4_%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4" title="갈릴레오 갈릴레이">갈릴레이</a>가 정리한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EB%82%99%ED%95%98" title="자유 낙하">자유 낙하</a>의 법칙도 유도한다. </p><p>뉴턴의 만유인력 법칙은 지표면에서 자유 낙하 현상, 그리고 케플러가 정리한 천체 현상들을 통합적으로 바라보게 해주었다. 일반적으로 낙하 거리가 짧은 자유 낙하를 다루려고 역제곱 법칙을 적용하지는 않지만, 이들은 중력이라는 이름 하에 단일 현상으로 통합하였다. 무엇보다, 중력 법칙은 태양계의 일반적인 천체 현상들 설명에 매우 성공적이었다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%BF%A0%EC%B9%98_%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 쿠치 애덤스">존 쿠치 애덤스</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%B1%85_%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90" title="위르뱅 르베리에">위르뱅 르베리에</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="천왕성">천왕성</a>의 궤도에서 이론적으로 예측하는 미지의 행성의 궤도를 계산하였고, 그 자리에서 1846년 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="해왕성">해왕성</a>을 발견하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="현대_물리학의_중력_-_아인슈타인의_일반_상대론"><span id=".ED.98.84.EB.8C.80_.EB.AC.BC.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.99.EC.9D.98_.EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5_-_.EC.95.84.EC.9D.B8.EC.8A.88.ED.83.80.EC.9D.B8.EC.9D.98_.EC.9D.BC.EB.B0.98_.EC.83.81.EB.8C.80.EB.A1.A0"></span>현대 물리학의 중력 - 아인슈타인의 일반 상대론</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 현대 물리학의 중력 - 아인슈타인의 일반 상대론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="일반 상대성 이론">일반 상대성 이론</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Albert_Einstein_(Nobel).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png/170px-Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png/254px-Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>알베르트 아인슈타인(Albert Einstein, 1879~1955)</figcaption></figure> <p>한편, 해왕성을 발견한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%B1%85_%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90" title="위르뱅 르베리에">르베리에</a>는 1859년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a>의 근일점 이동량이 뉴턴 중력의 예측을 벗어나는 현상을 발견하여 천문학계에 보고하였다. 그 오차는 100년에 43''(각초, arc second)라는 매우 작은 양이었으나, 훗날 새로운 중력 이론의 정확도를 검증하는 중요한 기준이 되었다. </p><p>1905년, 전자기학과 빛의 문제를 해결하려는 과정 속에서 시간과 공간의 개념을 본질적으로 바꾼 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="특수 상대성이론">특수 상대론</a>이 탄생하였다. 이 새로운 역학은 고전 역학의 모든 요소, 특히 중력에 대한 본질적 수정을 요구했다. 그 요구 사항을 가장 잘 만족시킨 이론은 1915년 발표한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인">알베르트 아인슈타인</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="일반 상대성 이론">일반 상대론</a>이었다. 아인슈타인은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="관성 질량">관성 질량</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="중력 질량">중력 질량</a>이 같다는 관찰인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%93%B1%EA%B0%80_%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="등가 원리">등가 원리</a>에서 출발하여, 중력의 개념을 4차원 시공간의 곡률에 의한 기하학적 현상으로 전환하였다. 이러한 개념에서 탄생한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="아인슈타인 방정식">아인슈타인 방정식</a>은 수성의 근일점 문제를 정확히 해결하였으며, 특히 1919년 개기일식 원정 실험에서 태양의 중력이 만드는 별빛의 굴절량이 아인슈타인의 이론을 지지하면서 일반 상대론이 새로운 표준 중력 이론이 되었다. </p><p>일반 상대론은 태양계 내에서 오차를 발견하지 못한다. 천체 물리학에서 중성자별과 블랙홀을 새로 예측하였다. 이로 발생하는 중력파는 전자기파와 더불어, 관측 천문학에서 이미 중요한 역할을 한다. 무엇보다 획기적인 변화는 전체 우주를 이해하는 체계적인 방법이 생겼다는 것이다. 일반 상대론에 따르면 우주 전체에 고루 퍼진 물질은 우주의 구조와 진화 과정에 관여하므로, 이론적으로 만든 우주 모형들에서 천문학의 일부 관측 결과(<a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="허블-르메트르 법칙">허블 법칙</a> 등)를 설명하고 반대로 관측 결과보다 더 나은 우주 모델을 구성할 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="양자_중력을_향하여"><span id=".EC.96.91.EC.9E.90_.EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5.EC.9D.84_.ED.96.A5.ED.95.98.EC.97.AC"></span>양자 중력을 향하여</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 양자 중력을 향하여"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%A0" title="양자장론">양자장론</a>에서 모든 힘을 매개하는 입자(<a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90" title="보손">보손</a>)로 설명한다. 여기서, 중력은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="스핀 (물리학)">스핀</a>이 2인 입자인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%90" title="중력자">중력자</a>가 매개한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%90" title="중력자">중력자</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="스핀 (물리학)">스핀</a>이 짝수이므로 중력은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="인력">인력</a>만 존재하고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="척력">척력</a>은 존재하지 않는다. 또 중력자는 질량을 갖지 않으므로, 중력은 그 영향 거리가 무한하다. 그러나 일반상대론을 양자화하여 얻는 이론은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EA%B7%9C%EA%B2%A9%ED%99%94" title="재규격화">재규격화</a>하지 못하므로, 단지 효과적 장론(effective field theory)의 가치를 가진다. </p><p>오늘날 중력을 양자론으로 설명하려는 여러 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="양자 중력">양자 중력</a> 이론이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="고리 양자 중력">고리 양자 중력</a>(LQG)과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%88_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="끈 이론">끈 이론</a>이 그 대표적인 예이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지구의_중력"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EA.B5.AC.EC.9D.98_.EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5"></span>지구의 중력</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 지구의 중력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="지구의_중력_2"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EA.B5.AC.EC.9D.98_.EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5_2"></span>지구의 중력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 지구의 중력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="지구의 중력">지구의 중력</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/220px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/330px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg/440px-Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>지구 표면의 물체가 받는 중력의 크기를 색으로 나타낸 사진</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a>와 같은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="행성">행성</a>을 포함한 모든 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="천체">천체</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%A5" title="중력장">중력장</a>을 형성하며, <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4_%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="뉴턴 역학">뉴턴 역학</a>의 관점에서 천체 근처에 있는 물체는 천체의 중력에 이끌린다. 완벽한 구체 모양의 행성을 가정하면, 물체가 행성에게서 받는 중력은 행성의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="질량">질량</a>에 비례하고 행성과 물체 사이의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC" title="거리">거리</a>의 제곱에 반비례한다. </p><p>지구는 구체에 가깝지만 자전 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%AC%EB%A0%A5" title="원심력">원심력</a>으로 적도 반지름이 극 반지름보다 더 길고, 산맥 등의 지형 등으로 완벽한 구체는 아니다. 또한 지구 내부를 구성하는 물질의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EB%8F%84" title="밀도">밀도</a>도 균일하지 않다. 따라서 지구 표면에 있는 물체가 받는 중력은 위치에 따라 조금씩 다르다. 이는 지구 표면에서 낙하하는 물체의 가속도가 지형에 따라 조금씩 다른 이유를 설명한다. 지구 상에서 위치에 따라 물체 무게가 달라지는 혼동을 막으려고 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%8F%84%EB%9F%89%ED%98%95%EA%B5%AD" title="국제 도량형국">국제 도량형국</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="표준 중력">표준 중력</a>을 지정하였으며 <a href="/wiki/SI_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="SI 단위">SI 단위</a>로 나타낸다. </p><p>지구 표면에서 물체가 받는 중력은 다음 두 힘의 합이다: (1) 지구가 물체에 작용하는 만유인력 (2) 지구의 자전에 의한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%AC%EB%A0%A5" title="원심력">원심력</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84" title="적도">적도</a> 원심력은 가장 강한 반면 만유인력은 가장 약하므로(지구 중심에서 가장 멀다.), 중력이 가장 약하다. 따라서 적도 중력 가속도는 9.780 m/s²로 극지 중력 가속도 9.832 m/s²보다 작다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="지구_표면에서_낙하하는_물체의_운동"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EA.B5.AC_.ED.91.9C.EB.A9.B4.EC.97.90.EC.84.9C_.EB.82.99.ED.95.98.ED.95.98.EB.8A.94_.EB.AC.BC.EC.B2.B4.EC.9D.98_.EC.9A.B4.EB.8F.99"></span>지구 표면에서 낙하하는 물체의 운동</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 지구 표면에서 낙하하는 물체의 운동"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Falling_ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Falling_ball.jpg/220px-Falling_ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="739" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Falling_ball.jpg/330px-Falling_ball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Falling_ball.jpg/440px-Falling_ball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="2751" /></a><figcaption>정지 상태에서 떨어뜨린 물체를 1/20초마다 찍은 사진. 낙하하는 물체가 이동하는 거리는 시간의 제곱에 비례한다.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a> 표면에 있는 물체에 일정한 중력이 작용하는 상황을 고려하자. 이때 뉴턴의 만유인력 법칙은 F=mg로 쓴다. 여기서 m은 물체의 질량이고, g는 중력으로 인한 가속도, 즉 평균적으로 9.81m/s²의 일정한 크기를 갖는 벡터이다. 그리고 물체가 받는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%98_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="힘 (물리)">힘</a>인 F는 물체의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B2%8C" title="무게">무게</a>가 된다. </p><p>정지 상태에서 낙하하는 물체를 초당 20번 촬영한 사진이다. 첫 1/20초 동안 물체는 1만큼의 거리를 낙하하고, 2/20초 동안 4만큼의 거리를, 3/20초 동안은 9만큼의 거리를 낙하한다. 사진에 있듯이 중력장 안에서 낙하하는 물체는 낙하 시간의 제곱에 비례하는 거리만큼 떨어진다. </p><p>질량이 m인 물체에 일정한 중력이 작용하는 상황에서, 높이 h에 있는 물체의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="위치 에너지">위치 에너지</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74b041d193c6b8de0113f5a5e8d8e00d05afa339" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.774ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{p}}"></span>는 아래 식으로 표현한다. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{p}=mgh=Wh}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{p}=mgh=Wh}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9e22759c5dc76745cfbbf419cce4718d62c40f0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.241ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{p}=mgh=Wh}"></span> </p><p>여기서 W는 물체의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B2%8C" title="무게">무게</a>이다. 이 식은 지구표면에서 물체에 일정한 중력이 작용하는 상황, 즉 중력가속도가 g로 일정한 상황에 해당한다. 따라서 물체가 지구 표면에서 멀리 떨어진 물체에 작용하는 중력이 달라지는 경우에는 쓰지 못한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="중력과_천문학"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5.EA.B3.BC_.EC.B2.9C.EB.AC.B8.ED.95.99"></span>중력과 천문학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 중력과 천문학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>뉴턴의 중력 법칙 적용으로 우리 태양계 내 행성의 더 세밀한 정보들을 습득하였다. 태양의 질량이나 정보, 심지어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" title="암흑물질">암흑물질</a> 존재 또한 뉴턴의 중력법칙에 따라 추론하였다. 비록 우리가 행성들이나 태양에 직접 탐사하지 못하지만 우리는 그 질량들을 안다. 이 질량들은 측정한 궤도의 특징에 뉴턴의 중력법칙을 적용하면 얻는다. 우주에서 물체는 중력 작용으로 자신의 궤도를 유지한다. 행성은 항성을 돌고, 항성은 은하계 중심을 돌고, 은하는 성단 질량중심을 돌고, 성단은 초은하단을 돈다. 다른 물체가 한 물체에 작용하는 중력은 두 물체의 질량의 곱에 정비례하고, 거리의 제곱에 반비례한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="중력파"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5.ED.8C.8C"></span>중력파</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 중력파"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%ED%8C%8C" title="중력파">중력파</a>입니다.</div> <p>중력파는 질량을 가진 물체가 가속운동을 할 때 생기는 중력의 변화가 시공간을 전파해 가는 시공간의 잔물결(spacetime ripple)을 말한다. 아인슈타인이 1916년 자신의 일반 상대성 이론에서 파동방정식을 유도하여 중력파의 존재를 예측하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 일반상대성이론에서 중력파는 시공간의 곡률이 변화하는 상황에서 생긴다. (예 : 같은 궤도를 도는 물체) 태양계 중력파는 측정하기에 너무 작다. 하지만, 중력파는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=PSR_B1913%2B16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSR B1913+16 (없는 문서)">PSR B1913+16</a>같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EC%84%B1_%ED%8E%84%EC%82%AC" title="쌍성 펄사">쌍성 펄사</a>계의 시간이 지남에 따른 에너지 손실에서 확인하여 간접적으로 관찰 가능하다. 중성자별의 융합이나 블랙홀 형성이 측정가능한 양의 중력파를 만든다고 주장한다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80_%EA%B0%84%EC%84%AD%EA%B3%84_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%ED%8C%8C_%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EC%86%8C" title="레이저 간섭계 중력파 관측소">레이저 간섭계 중력파 관측소</a>(LIGO) 같은 중력파 관측소는 이 문제를 연구하려고 설립하였다. 2016년 2월 12일 (LIGO에서)13억광년 떨어진 두 개의 블랙홀이 충돌하면서 발생한 중력파(태양 질량의 3배)를 관측하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="중력_속도"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EB.A0.A5_.EC.86.8D.EB.8F.84"></span>중력 속도</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 중력 속도"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2012년 12월, 중국의 한 연구 팀은 보름달과 초승달이 뜨는 시기 동안 중력 속도가 빛의 속도와 같아 보이는 지각 조석의 위상지연을 측정했다고 발표했다. 이것은 만약 태양이 갑자기 사라진다면, 지구는 8분 동안 궤도를 선회하고 빛 또한 8분 동안 지구가 궤도를 움직인 거리만큼 이동한다. 이 팀의 발견은 2013년 3월 Chinese Science Bulletin에 발표하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="이례와_차이"><span id=".EC.9D.B4.EB.A1.80.EC.99.80_.EC.B0.A8.EC.9D.B4"></span>이례와 차이</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 이례와 차이"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>기존 이론으로 적절하게 설명하지 못하는 관찰 결과들이 있다. 이런 결과에 추가적인 중력이론을 적용하거나 전혀 다른 구조의 이론을 형성해야 설명이 가능하다. 그 사례들을 소개한다. </p> <ul><li>나머지 빠른 별들:　태양계에서 수성이 가장 공전속도가 빠르고 해왕성이 가장 느린 것처럼 일반적으로 중심에 가까울수록 공전속도가 빠르다. 그러나 은하계 전체를 놓고 별을 관측하면 변두리에 있는 별들의 공전속도가 중심에 가까이 있는 별들과 같거나 심지어 더 빠른 관찰결과가 나타난다. 이는 은하군 안에 있는 다른 은하들도 비슷한 양상을 보여준다. 이 같은 현상이 나타나는 이유에 대해서는 암흑 물질의 분포차이로 인한 중력의 차이라고 설명하나 암흑물질의 정체를 모르는 현재, 그 이유는 수수께끼이다.</li> <li>의례 비행 이례: 다양한 우주선들은 중력이 움직임을 도와주는 동안 기대했던 것보다 더 큰 가속을 경험하게 된다.</li> <li>가속 팽창: 우주의 미터 단위 팽창은 점점 속도를 내는 것으로 보인다. 암흑 에너지로 이것을 설명하고자 시도하는 중이다. 최근 대안적인 설명은 우주의 중력은 은하군 때문에 균질하지 않으며 자료로 이것을 설명하려면 재해석할 때 팽창은 결국에는 빨라지지 않게 된다. 하지만 이 주장들에 반론이 있다.</li> <li>천문단위 증가 이례: 최근 측정한 것들은 행성의 궤도가 에너지가 방출됨에 따라 태양이 물질을 잃는 것을 통해 일어나는 것 보다 더 빨리 넓혀지는 것을 보여준다.</li> <li>추가되는 대규모의 수소 구름:　라이먼 알파 숲의 유령의 선은 수소구름이 예상했던 것보다 특정한 규모에서 훨씬 더 숲을 이루는 것을 제시하고 암흑의 흐름과 같이 중력이 특정한 거리의 규모에서 역 제곱 보다 훨씬 느리게 되는 것을 제시했을지도 모른다.</li> <li>힘: 제시된 추가적 크기는 중력이 왜 이렇게 약한지 설명해 줄 수 있다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gravitation?uselang=ko">중력</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="인공중력">인공중력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="무중력">무중력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="반중력">반중력</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Krebs, Robert E. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scientificdevelo0000kreb">《Scientific Development and Misconceptions Through the Ages: A Reference Guide》</a> illurat판. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scientificdevelo0000kreb/page/133">133</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-313-30226-8" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-313-30226-8"><bdi>978-0-313-30226-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Development+and+Misconceptions+Through+the+Ages%3A+A+Reference+Guide&rft.pages=133&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30226-8&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscientificdevelo0000kreb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=5647411&cid=62801&categoryId=62801">“네이버 지식백과”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2020년 11월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84+%EC%A7%80%EC%8B%9D%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.nhn%3FdocId%3D5647411%26cid%3D62801%26categoryId%3D62801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=3567283&cid=58941&categoryId=58960">네이버 캐스트 - 현대판 낙하 실험</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/Gravitation,_theory_of">“Gravitation, theory of”</a>. 《Encyclopedia of Mathematics》 (영어). Springer-Verlag. 2001. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-55608-010-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-55608-010-4"><bdi>978-1-55608-010-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Gravitation%2C+theory+of&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55608-010-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofmath.org%2Fwiki%2FGravitation%2C_theory_of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B7%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%ED%9E%98" title="틀:근본적인 힘"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";background:#C0C0C0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B7%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%ED%9E%98" title="틀토론:근본적인 힘"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";background:#C0C0C0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B7%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%ED%9E%98" title="특수:문서편집/틀:근본적인 힘"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";background:#C0C0C0;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="물리학의_4가지_기본_상호작용" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">물리학의 4가지 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="기본 상호작용">기본 상호작용</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용">강력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="약한 상호작용">약력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="전자기 상호작용">전자기력</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">중력</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX53092">스페인</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941885b">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941885b">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Gravitation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021908-2">독일</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538558205171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85056558">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575134">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="gravitace"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120611&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998020785">한국</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=26797">현대 우크라이나 백과사전</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027359921">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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