CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ig" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Asụsụ Mande - Wikipedia, Njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )igwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Jenụwarị","Febụwarị","Maachị","Eprel","Mee","Jụn","Julaị","Ọgọọst","Septemba","Ọktoba","Novemba","Disemba"],"wgRequestId":"339ff001-6548-47e5-8d77-46da299209b9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Asụsụ_Mande","wgTitle":"Asụsụ Mande","wgCurRevisionId":151314,"wgRevisionId":151314,"wgArticleId":36624,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using ISBN magic links","Pages with unreviewed translations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ig","wgPageContentLanguage":"ig","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Asụsụ_Mande","wgRelevantArticleId":36624,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ig","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ig"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q33681","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ig&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ig&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ig&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Asụsụ Mande - Wikipedia, Njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Dezie" href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ig)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ig.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ig"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia ntabì Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Asụsụ_Mande rootpage-Asụsụ_Mande skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isi menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isi menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Isi menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">zoo</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ṅchọpụta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5" title="Ga na ihü mbu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Ihu m̀bụ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nz%E1%BB%8Dr_ogbako" title="Maka orürü, gi ka Í nweríkí mé, ébé ha na tú ihe"><span>Nzọr ogbako</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-mmẹkotaariá" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-mmẹkotaariá" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> mmẹkotaariá </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maka"><span>Màkà</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:RecentChanges" title="Ndetu ihe gbanwere na oge nsó na wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mgbanwe ọhụrụ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:Random" title="Banyé ihü otu enweghi ishi [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Peeji n'enweghị usoro</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Ébé e shị amárá"><span>Enyemaka</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ig.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tu nà Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chọọ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chọọ Wikipedia" aria-label="Chọọ Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tu nà Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ọpụrụiche:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chọọ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ngwaọrụ onwe"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ọdịdị"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ọdịdị" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ọdịdị</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ig.wikipedia.org&uselang=ig" class=""><span>Nye onyinye</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:CreateAccount&returnto=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5+Mande" title="Ọ gadi nma ka immepe ihuakwukwọ ma tinye akara nbanye, mana ọ bụghị iwu." class=""><span>Mepee akaụntụ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:%E1%BB%8C%27b%C3%A0nif%C3%A9%C3%8DB%C3%A0ny%C3%A9&returnto=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5+Mande" title="Anyi si ka Í gbanyé; chetákwá na nsogbu adighi I gbanye ma Í chógị gbànyé [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Banye</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ngwaọrụ onwe" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ngwaọrụ onwe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ig.wikipedia.org&uselang=ig"><span>Nye onyinye</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:CreateAccount&returnto=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5+Mande" title="Ọ gadi nma ka immepe ihuakwukwọ ma tinye akara nbanye, mana ọ bụghị iwu."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Mepee akaụntụ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:%E1%BB%8C%27b%C3%A0nif%C3%A9%C3%8DB%C3%A0ny%C3%A9&returnto=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5+Mande" title="Anyi si ka Í gbanyé; chetákwá na nsogbu adighi I gbanye ma Í chógị gbànyé [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Banye</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Egba nkị́tị̀\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ig\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"position:absolute; z-index:100; right:100px; top:4px;\" class=\"metadata\" id=\"donate\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align:right; font-size:80%\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikimedia:Fundraising\"\u003EEnyemaka gi\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E bu ihe di mee Wikipedia nma-mma!\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Ndịna" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ndịna</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">zoo</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mmalite</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agụmakwụkwọ_mbụ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agụmakwụkwọ_mbụ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agụmakwụkwọ_mbụ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nchịkọta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nchịkọta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nchịkọta</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nchịkọta-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Nchịkọta</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nchịkọta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mmekọrịta_ya_na_Niger-Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmekọrịta_ya_na_Niger-Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mmekọrịta ya na Niger-Congo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mmekọrịta_ya_na_Niger-Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nchịkọta_n'ime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nchịkọta_n'ime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nchịkọta n'ime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nchịkọta_n'ime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akụkụ_nke_okwu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akụkụ_nke_okwu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Akụkụ nke okwu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akụkụ_nke_okwu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Okwu_ntụnyere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okwu_ntụnyere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Okwu ntụnyere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okwu_ntụnyere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ọnụ_ọgụgụ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ọnụ_ọgụgụ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ọnụ ọgụgụ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ọnụ_ọgụgụ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hụkwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hụkwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hụkwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hụkwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edensibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edensibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Edensibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edensibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ịgụ_ihe_ọzọ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ịgụ_ihe_ọzọ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ịgụ ihe ọzọ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ịgụ_ihe_ọzọ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Njikọ_mpụga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Njikọ_mpụga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Njikọ mpụga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Njikọ_mpụga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ndịna" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asụsụ Mande</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 asụsụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande-tale" title="Mande-tale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mande-tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغات الماندية – Arabiikị" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغات الماندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabiikị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_mand%C3%A9" title="Llingües mandé – Asturianị" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües mandé" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturianị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Мандэ (мовы) – Belarusianụ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мандэ (мовы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandenkan" title="Mandenkan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mandenkan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_mandeek" title="Yezhoù mandeek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù mandeek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_mand%C3%A9" title="Llengües mandé – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües mandé" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande-Sprachen" title="Mande-Sprachen – Jamanị" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mande-Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jamanị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages – Bekee" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mande languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Bekee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandea_lingvaro" title="Mandea lingvaro – Ndị Esperantọ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mandea lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Ndị Esperantọ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_mand%C3%A9" title="Lenguas mandé – Spanishi" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas mandé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_keeled" title="Mande keeled – Ndị Estọnịa" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mande keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Ndị Estọnịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_hizkuntzak" title="Mande hizkuntzak – Baskwe" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mande hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskwe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="زبان‌های مانده – Peshianụ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های مانده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Peshianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelaiset_kielet" title="Mandelaiset kielet – Fịnịsh" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mandelaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fịnịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_mand%C3%A9es" title="Langues mandées – Fụrenchị" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues mandées" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fụrenchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_spriaken" title="Mande spriaken – Nọrtan Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mande spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nọrtan Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_mand%C3%A9s" title="Linguas mandés – Galịcịan" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas mandés" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galịcịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsunan_Mande" title="Harsunan Mande – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harsunan Mande" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="שפות מאנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות מאנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_jezici" title="Mande jezici – Kọrọtịan" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mande jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kọrọtịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande_nyelvek" title="Mande nyelvek – Hụngarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mande nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hụngarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Մանդե լեզվախումբ – Armenianị" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանդե լեզվախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenianị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Mande" title="Rumpun bahasa Mande – Indonisia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Mande" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande-lingui" title="Mande-lingui – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mande-lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mande-m%C3%A1l" title="Mande-mál – Icịlandịk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mande-mál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icịlandịk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_mande" title="Lingue mande – Italịanu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue mande" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italịanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E8%AA%9E%E6%B4%BE" title="マンデ語派 – Japaniisi" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンデ語派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaniisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Манде тілдері – Kazak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Манде тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%8D%B0%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="만데어파 – Korịa" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만데어파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Манде тилдери – Kyrayz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Манде тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrayz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_mande" title="Linguas mande – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas mande" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_mande" title="Fiteny mande – Malagasị" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny mande" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Мандејски јазици – Masedọnịa" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мандејски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedọnịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Манде йӹлмӹвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Манде йӹлмӹвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mand%C3%A9talen" title="Mandétalen – Dọchị" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mandétalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dọchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandespr%C3%A5k" title="Mandespråk – Nọrweyịan Nynersk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mandespråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Nynersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandespr%C3%A5k" title="Mandespråk – Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mandespråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_mande" title="Lengas mande – Osịtan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas mande" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Osịtan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_mande" title="Języki mande – Poliishi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki mande" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poliishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="ماندي ژبې – Pashọ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماندي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashọ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_mand%C3%AAs" title="Línguas mandês – Pọrtụgụese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas mandês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Pọrtụgụese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_mande" title="Limbi mande – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi mande" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Языки манде – Rọshian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки манде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rọshian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandejski_jeziki" title="Mandejski jeziki – Slovịan" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mandejski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandespr%C3%A5k" title="Mandespråk – Sụwidiishi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mandespråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sụwidiishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kimande" title="Lugha za Kimande – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kimande" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மாண்டே மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாண்டே மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8)" title="Манде (мови) – Ukureenị" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манде (мови)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukureenị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="ماندے زبانیں – Urdụ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماندے زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Mande" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Mande – Vietnamisi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Mande" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="曼德語族 – Chainisi" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼德語族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chainisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dezie njiko asusu ndi yiri nụ" class="wbc-editpage">Dezie njikọ ndi a</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ohereaha"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande" title="Zi ihe nor na ihüá [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Peeji</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B9%84k%C3%A0t%C3%A1:As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Akíkó maka ihe di na ihü nka (peeji a adịgịhị) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Ńkàtá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Igbo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Nlere"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande"><span>Gụ̀ọ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit" title="Mèzi ihu â [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Mezie</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit" title="Dezie koodu isi mmalite nke ibe a [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Dezie ebe osi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=history" title="Orü ichié na ihüá [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lèe onye rụrụ ọrụ a</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ngwaọrụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ngwaọrụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ngwaọrụ gasị</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">zoo</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande"><span>Gụ̀ọ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit" title="Mèzi ihu â [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Mezie</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit" title="Dezie koodu isi mmalite nke ibe a [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Dezie ebe osi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=history"><span>Lèe onye rụrụ ọrụ a</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izugbe </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:WhatLinksHere/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande" title="Détụ ihü wiki nílé na ga ngà [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kedu ihe jikọrọ ebe a</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:RecentChangesLinked/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande" rel="nofollow" title="Ihe gbanwere na ihü jikodọrọ na ihü nke nà ógè nso [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mgbanwe gbasara ya</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ig" title="Tịnyé ihe na nsónùsòrò [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Tịnyé ihe na nsónùsòrò</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:Ih%C3%BCK%C3%A1" title="Ndetu ihü mkpà níle [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Peeji ndi pụrụ iche</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&oldid=151314" title="Jikodo nke dìrì e dí nke na gá ngbàzì ihü nka"><span>Njikọ ndịgide</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Ozi ibe</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:D%C3%A9p%C3%B9t%C3%A0&page=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&id=151314&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ùmà màkà otụ ha shi ạ dépùtà ihe na ihüa"><span>Députà ihüa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fig.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAs%25E1%25BB%25A5s%25E1%25BB%25A5_Mande"><span>Nweta URL dị mkpụmkpụ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fig.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAs%25E1%25BB%25A5s%25E1%25BB%25A5_Mande"><span>Budata koodu QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bipụta/bupu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:%C3%81kw%C3%BAkw%C3%BA&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5+Mande"><span>Mmepụta akwukwọ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:DownloadAsPdf&page=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=show-download-screen"><span>Budata ya dika PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&printable=yes" title="Ihü nka nke Í nweríkí dótù [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ụdi nke mbipụta</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> N'ọrụ ndị ọzọ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mande_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33681" title="link eji ejikọta Data edebere nke ọma [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata ihe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ọdịdị"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ọdịdị</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">zoo</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ig" dir="ltr"><div style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">Asụsụ Mande</div><table style="word-break:break-word;text-align:left;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span>language family</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">obere ụdị nke</th><td><span><span>Niger–Congo</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33681#P279" title="Dezie"><img alt="Dezie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>  </p><p><br /> The <b>Mande languages</b> (<i>Mandén, Manding</i>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templeeti:Needs_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templeeti:Needs IPA (peeji a adịgịhị)">Templeeti:Needs IPA</a>) bụ otu asụsụ ndị Mandé na-asụ n'ọtụtụ mba dị na West Africa. Ndị a gụnyere; Maninka, Mandinka, Soninke, <a href="/wiki/Asusu_igbo" title="Asusu igbo">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kpelle" title="Asụsụ Kpelle">Kpelle</a>, Jula, Bozo, Mende, <a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Susu" title="Asụsụ Susu">Susu</a>, na Vai. Enwere ihe dị ka asụsụ 60 ruo 75 nke nde mmadụ 30 ruo 40 na-asụ, ọkachasị na; Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea,<a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Ivory Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> nakwa na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria na ugwu Benin. </p><p>Asụsụ Mande na-egosi ihe ole na ole yiri ezinụlọ asụsụ Atlantic-Congo, ya mere a tụpụtara ha ọnụ dị ka akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger-Congo buru ibu kemgbe afọ 1950. Otú ọ dị, asụsụ Mande enweghị ọdịdị aha nke bụ isi ihe na-akọwa asụsụ Atlantic-Congo. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'ihi ya, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-emeso Mande na Atlantic-Congo dị ka ezinụlọ asụsụ nwere onwe ha. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"><span id="Ak.E1.BB.A5k.E1.BB.8D_ihe_mere_eme"></span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Mezie ngalaba: Akụkọ ihe mere eme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Akụkọ ihe mere eme"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E nwere echiche dị iche iche banyere afọ nke asụsụ Mande. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Vydrin_II_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vydrin_II-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Valentin Vydrin kwubiri na "ala nna Mande na ọkara nke abụọ nke puku afọ nke anọ BC dị na Southern Sahara, n'ebe dị n'ebe ugwu nke 16 ° ma ọ bụ ọbụna 18 ° nke latitude ugwu na n'etiti 3 ° na 12 ° nke longitude ọdịda anyanwụ". Nke ahụ bụ <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> ugbu a na ndịda Western Sahara. </p><p>Ọ bụrụ na njikọ asụsụ Mande doro anya nke ahụ ga-enyere aka ịkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Joseph Greenberg tụrụ aro na otu Niger-Congo, nke n'echiche ya gụnyere ezinụlọ asụsụ Mande, malitere ịpụ n'ihe dị ka Afọ 7,000 BP. Ndị <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-asụ ya ga-eme omenala Neolithic, dịka okwu Proto-Niger-Congo maka "ụmụ ehi", "nwa ewu" na "ịzụlite" gosipụtara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agụmakwụkwọ_mbụ"><span id="Ag.E1.BB.A5makw.E1.BB.A5kw.E1.BB.8D_mb.E1.BB.A5"></span>Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Mezie ngalaba: Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle matara ìgwè ahụ na 1854, na <i>Polyglotta Africana</i> ya. O kwuru asụsụ iri na atọ n'okpuru isiokwu North-Western High-Sudan Family, ma ọ bụ Mandéga Family of Languages. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'afọ 1901, Maurice Delafosse mere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ìgwè abụọ. Ọ na-ekwu maka otu mandé-tan nke ugwu na otu mandé'fu nke ndịda. A na-eme ọdịiche ahụ naanị n'ihi na asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na-eji okwu <i>tan</i> maka iri, na asụsụ ndịda na-eji <i>fu</i>. N'afọ 1924, Louis Tauxier kwuru na ọdịiche ahụ abụghị nke a kwadoro nke ọma ma enwere ọ dịkarịa ala otu nke atọ ọ kpọrọ <i>Mandé-bu</i>. Ọ bụghị ruo 1950 ka André Prost kwadoro echiche ahụ ma nye nkọwa ndị ọzọ. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'afọ 1958, Welmers bipụtara otu isiokwu akpọrọ "The Mande Languages," ebe o kewara asụsụ ndị ahụ n'ime obere ìgwè atọ: North-West, South na East. Mkpebi ya dabeere na nyocha lexicostatistic. Joseph Greenberg gbasoro ọdịiche ahụ na The Languages of Africa (1963). Long (1971) na Gérard Galtier (1980) gbasoro ọdịiche ahụ n'ime ìgwè atọ mana ha nwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nchịkọta"><span id="Nch.E1.BB.8Bk.E1.BB.8Dta"></span>Nchịkọta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Mezie ngalaba: Nchịkọta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nchịkọta"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mmekọrịta_ya_na_Niger-Congo"><span id="Mmek.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.8Bta_ya_na_Niger-Congo"></span>Mmekọrịta ya na Niger-Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Mezie ngalaba: Mmekọrịta ya na Niger-Congo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mmekọrịta ya na Niger-Congo"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mande anaghị ekwekọ ọdịdị nke ọtụtụ ezinụlọ Niger-Congo, dị ka Usoro aha. Enweghịkwa ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na okwu dị n'etiti Mande na Niger-Congo. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'ihi ya, Dimmendaal (2008) na-ekwu na ihe akaebe maka itinye ya dị obere, nakwa na ugbu a, a na-ewere Mande dị ka ezinụlọ nwere onwe ya. Otu echiche ahụ <sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nke Güldemann (2018). [1] </p><p>Enweghị nkwubi okwu doro anya na Mande bụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị onye otu Niger-Congo, Vydrin (2016) na-ekwu na okwu ndị bụ isi nke proto-Mande dabara nke ọma na Niger-Cong, nakwa na a gaghị ewere ụkpụrụ ndị dị ka enweghị usoro aha dị ka ihe akaebe; ọ na-ekwu ete "Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ Mande n'ime Niger-Cango kwenyesiri ike... Mande ga-anọchite anya alaka kachasị ochie nke phylum". <sup id="cite_ref-Vydrin3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vydrin3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blench na-ele ya anya dị ka alaka mbụ nke kewara tupu ọdịdị aha-ụdị mepụta. Dwyer (1998) jiri ya tụnyere alaka ndị ọzọ nke Niger-Congo ma chọpụta na ha mejupụtara ezinụlọ dị n'otu, ebe Mande bụ nke kachasị dị iche na alaka ndị ọ tụlere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nchịkọta_n'ime"><span id="Nch.E1.BB.8Bk.E1.BB.8Dta_n.27ime"></span>Nchịkọta n'ime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Mezie ngalaba: Nchịkọta n'ime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Nchịkọta n'ime"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ụdị dị iche iche na omimi nke ezinụlọ Mande yiri nke Indo-European. Alaka iri na otu dị ala nke Mande fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a nabatara ya n'ụwa niile: Southern Mande (Dan wdg), Eastern Mande (Bisa, Boko wdg), Samogo, Bobo, Soninke-Bozo, Southwestern Mande (Mende, Kpelle, Loma wdg), Soso-Jalonke, Jogo, Vai-Kono, Mokole na Manding (Bambara, Djula wdg). <sup id="cite_ref-Vydrin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vydrin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nabatakwara ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na ndị a mejupụtara alaka abụọ, abụọ mbụ dị ka Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mande na ndị ọzọ dị ka Ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ Manda. </p><p>Ọtụtụ nhazi Mande <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> n'ime na-adabere na lexicostatistics, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke dabeere na Ndepụta Swadesh. Nchịkọta ọzọ sitere na Kastenholz (1996) dabere na ihe ọhụrụ nke okwu na asụsụ ntụnyere. Kastenholz <sup id="cite_ref-Kastenholz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastenholz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-adọ aka ná ntị na nke a adabereghị na njirimara ebumnuche ma ya mere ọ bụghị nhazi usoro ọmụmụ n'echiche dị warara. Nkewa na-esonụ bụ nchịkọta nke abụọ ahụ.   Vydrin (2009) dịtụ iche na nke a: ọ na-etinye Soso-Jalonke na Southwestern (nlaghachi na André Prost 1953); Soninke-Bozo, Samogho na Bobo dị ka alaka ndị nweere onwe ha nke Western Mande, na Mokole na Vai-Kono. Ọtụtụ nhazi na-etinye Jo n'ime Samogo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akụkụ_nke_okwu"><span id="Ak.E1.BB.A5k.E1.BB.A5_nke_okwu"></span>Akụkụ nke okwu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Mezie ngalaba: Akụkụ nke okwu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Akụkụ nke okwu"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asụsụ Mande enweghị usoro aha ma ọ bụ mgbatị okwu nke Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo na nke Asụsụ Bantu bụ ndị a ma ama, mana Bobo nwere ụdị ngwaa na-akpata na nke na-adịghị agafe agafe. Asụsụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Mande na Soninke nwere mgbanwe ụdaume mbụ. A na-ejikarị clitic eme akara ọtụtụ; n'asụsụ ụfọdụ, na ụda, dịka ọmụmaatụ na Sembla. Ndị nnọchiaha na-enwekarị ọdịiche dị iche iche na-enweghị ike iwepụ na nke na-agụnye naanị. Usoro Okwu na ahịrịokwu na-agafe agafe bụ isiokwu-onye enyemaka-ihe-okwu-okwu-adverb. A na-ejikarị postpositions eme ihe. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'ime ahịrịokwu aha, ihe onwunwe na-abịa n'ihu aha, na adjectives na akara dị iche iche mgbe ngwaa gasịrị; a na-ahụ ihe ngosi na usoro abụọ ahụ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Okwu_ntụnyere"><span id="Okwu_nt.E1.BB.A5nyere"></span>Okwu ntụnyere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Mezie ngalaba: Okwu ntụnyere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Okwu ntụnyere"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>N'okpuru ebe a bụ ihe atụ nke okwu ndị bụ isi nke ụdị proto-forms e wughachiri: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Asụsụ </th> <th>anya </th> <th>ntị </th> <th>imi </th> <th>ezé </th> <th>ire </th> <th>ọnụ </th> <th>ọbara </th> <th>ọkpụkpụ </th> <th>osisi </th> <th>mmiri </th> <th>Iri nri </th> <th>aha </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ụzọ Mbụ<sup id="cite_ref-Vydrin3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vydrin3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>*ɲíŋ </td> <td>*Nke a na-akpọ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>*yíti </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proto-West Mande<sup id="cite_ref-Kastenholz_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastenholz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>*Tuli </td> <td>*SyuN </td> <td>*ɲíN </td> <td>**nɛ̌N </td> <td>*nye ~ ya </td> <td>*jío ~ yío </td> <td> </td> <td>*gúri ~ nku </td> <td>*jío ~ yío </td> <td> </td> <td>*ịkụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Proto-Manding (Mandekan) <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>*nya </td> <td>*tulo </td> <td>*mgbe </td> <td>*Nkọwa </td> <td>*nɛn (e) </td> <td>*da </td> <td>*ọmarịcha </td> <td>*kolo </td> <td>*yiri </td> <td>*ji </td> <td>*Domo (n) </td> <td>*tị elu </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-East Mande (Niger-Volta) [1] </td> <td>*jɛN (<GeiN) </td> <td>*Toro </td> <td>*N-jẽ </td> <td>*soN (-ka) </td> <td>*N-lɛ </td> <td>*ịma </td> <td>* (N-) wa (-ru) </td> <td>* (N-) gero </td> <td>*li/*da </td> <td>*jiN </td> <td>*be (-le) </td> <td>*Ọ dị otú ahụ </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-South Mande [1] </td> <td>*Yuùã́ </td> <td>*Ọnọdụ </td> <td>* na onye na-ekwu okwu ya </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị </td> <td>*ɗé </td> <td>Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri </td> <td>Ịnọkwa </td> <td>*yílí </td> <td>*yí </td> <td>*ɓɪ̀lɪ̀ </td> <td>*Ọdịdị </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[dʲ]</span>'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ cognates sitere na D. J. Dwyer (1988) ([[k] ma ọ bụ <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[d͡ʒ]</span>): <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><small>GLOSS</small> </th> <th><small>Ọchịchị na-akpali akpali<br /></small> </th> <th>Manding </th> <th>Kono-Vai </th> <th>Susu </th> <th>Mandé (SW) </th> <th>Soninké </th> <th>Ihe yiri ya </th> <th>Bobo </th> <th>San </th> <th>Busa </th> <th>Aka </th> <th>Dan </th> <th>Guro </th> <th>Mwa </th></tr> <tr> <td>'ọnụ' </td> <td>*da </td> <td>da </td> <td>da </td> <td>ee </td> <td>la </td> <td>laqqe </td> <td>jo </td> <td>mee </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Di </td> <td> </td> <td>di, di </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Anya' </td> <td>*da-yi </td> <td>da-ji </td> <td>da- </td> <td>Se-ye </td> <td>la-yi </td> <td>laxan-ji </td> <td>jọn-fago </td> <td>Diva </td> <td>se </td> <td>le-i </td> <td>le-yi </td> <td>Di-li </td> <td>raị </td> <td>liri </td></tr> <tr> <td>'mmiri' </td> <td>*yi </td> <td>M na-eme </td> <td>ya </td> <td>ya </td> <td>Ugbu a </td> <td>ji </td> <td>jo </td> <td>ji, zio </td> <td>mun </td> <td>i </td> <td>ya </td> <td>ya </td> <td>ya </td> <td>ya </td></tr> <tr> <td>'obi' </td> <td>*n-koŋ </td> <td>na-enweghị </td> <td>susu </td> <td>Isi </td> <td>ŋeni </td> <td>konbe </td> <td>kye </td> <td>Ụgbọ mmiri </td> <td>ɲo </td> <td>ɲo </td> <td>ɲoŋ </td> <td>ɲoŋ </td> <td>ɲoŋ </td> <td>ɲoŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>'mmiri ara ehi' </td> <td>*n-kon-yi </td> <td>Nkwupụta </td> <td>susu-ji </td> <td>xin-ụ </td> <td>gen-iya </td> <td>-xatti </td> <td>kye-n-dyo </td> <td>n-yan-niŋi </td> <td> </td> <td>n-m- </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>n-yoŋ-yi </td> <td>n-yoŋ-yi </td></tr> <tr> <td>'nwa ewu' </td> <td>*bo (ọzọ) </td> <td>ba </td> <td>ba </td> <td> </td> <td>ɓoli </td> <td>ihe efu </td> <td>bi </td> <td>gwa </td> <td>bwe </td> <td>acha anụnụ anụnụ </td> <td>Mmanụ </td> <td>Mmanụ </td> <td>bory </td> <td>Mmanụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>'buck' </td> <td>*bore-guren </td> <td>ba-koro </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>diggeh </td> <td> </td> <td>gu-gura </td> <td> </td> <td>ble-sa </td> <td>Ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ </td> <td>Ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ </td> <td>gyagya </td> <td>bɔ-guren </td></tr> <tr> <td>'ụmụ atụrụ' </td> <td>*saga </td> <td>Akụkọ ifo </td> <td>bara-wa </td> <td>Ọnyà </td> <td>ɓara </td> <td>jaxe </td> <td>sega </td> <td>Akara </td> <td>sere </td> <td>ya </td> <td>baa </td> <td>bla </td> <td>bera </td> <td>bla </td></tr> <tr> <td>'ram' </td> <td>*saga-guren </td> <td>Saga-koro </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Jaxampade </td> <td>kekyere </td> <td>si-gula </td> <td>da-gu </td> <td> </td> <td>bla-gon </td> <td>bra-gon </td> <td>bla-gure </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'isi' </td> <td>* </td> <td>Koun-kolo </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>yin-kola </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Rịba ama na n'ime ihe ndị a: </p> <ul><li>'saleeva' = 'ọnụ'+' mmiri'</li> <li>'mmiri ara' = 'obi'+'mmiri'</li> <li>'buck (he-goat) ' = 'goat'+'nwoke'</li> <li>'ram' = 'nwa atụrụ'+'nwoke'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ọnụ_ọgụgụ"><span id=".E1.BB.8Cn.E1.BB.A5_.E1.BB.8Dg.E1.BB.A5g.E1.BB.A5"></span>Ọnụ ọgụgụ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ọnụ ọgụgụ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ọnụ ọgụgụ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ntụnyere nke ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla: <sup id="cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nchịkọta </th> <th>Asụsụ </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa (Bisa)</a> </td> <td>diị </td> <td>pijà </td> <td>kakʊ́ </td> <td>sɪ̀ </td> <td>Saịdoro </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>Sapra (5 + 2) </td> <td>ee (2 x 4)? </td> <td>nɛfʊ̀ (10 -1)? </td> <td>bʊ̀ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Busa </td> <td>Boko </td> <td>mee </td> <td>pla </td> <td>ʔàɔɔ̃ </td> <td>sííɔ̃ </td> <td>sayensị </td> <td>naanị ya (5 + 1) </td> <td>sopla (5 + 2) </td> <td>Swaàɔ̃ (5 + 3) </td> <td>Nkwupụta [litː tear away 1 (from) 10 ] </td> <td>kwi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Busa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Bokobaru (Zogbẽ)</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>pláa </td> <td>ʔàɡɔ̃ </td> <td>síɡɔ̃ </td> <td>Saịoro </td> <td>swɛ́do (5 + 1) </td> <td>swɛ́́pláa (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔrààɡɔ̃ (5 + 3) </td> <td>Nnukwu ihe (10-1) </td> <td>kurì </td></tr> <tr> <td>Busa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Illo Busa</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>pia </td> <td>ʔàkɔ̃ </td> <td>ʃíkɔ̃ </td> <td>sayensị </td> <td>sodium (5 + 1) </td> <td>soopia (5 + 2) </td> <td>swàkɔ̃ (5 + 3) </td> <td>kĩṇdokwi [litː dọwaa 1 (site na) 10] </td> <td>kwi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Busa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Busa</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>pla </td> <td>ʔàkɔ̃ </td> <td>sííkɔ̃ </td> <td>Saịoro </td> <td>isiokwu (5 + 1) </td> <td>surpla (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔ́rààkɔ̃ (5 + 3) </td> <td>Nnukwu ihe (10-1) </td> <td>kurì </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kyanga </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kyenga" title="Asụsụ Kyenga">Kyanga (Kyenga)</a> (1) </td> <td>Duo abụọ </td> <td>fyáā </td> <td>Ọdịda Anyanwụ </td> <td>ʃíí </td> <td>sɔ́́́́rū́ </td> <td>sɔ̄ɔ̄dū (5 + 1) </td> <td>swāhyáā (5 + 2) </td> <td>sōōwà (5 + 3) </td> <td>Soiʃí (5 + 4) </td> <td>kōōrì </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kyanga </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kyenga" title="Asụsụ Kyenga">Kyanga (Kyenga)</a> (2) </td> <td>dūː </td> <td>fjâː </td> <td>ʔàː </td> <td>ʃíː </td> <td>sɔ̂ːwû </td> <td>sɔ̂ːdū (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔ̂ːfjá (5 + 2) </td> <td>sōːuwà (5 + 3) </td> <td>sōwēʃíː (5 + 4) </td> <td>kōːlì </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kyanga </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kyenga" title="Asụsụ Kyenga">Kyenga</a> (3) </td> <td>mee </td> <td>hia / fia </td> <td>Okwu a na-akpọ </td> <td>ʃí </td> <td>N'oge a </td> <td>Ọchịchị (5 + 1) </td> <td>Ọchịchị (5 + 2) </td> <td>soowà (5 + 3) </td> <td>sooʃí (5 + 4) </td> <td>korì </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kyanga </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Shanga" title="Asụsụ Shanga">Shanga</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>__ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị </td> <td>Okwu a na-akpọ </td> <td>ʃí </td> <td>Saịdọs </td> <td>sɔbodo (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔhia (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔboʔà (5 + 3) </td> <td>sɔdoʃí (5 + 4) </td> <td>Ihe a na-akpọ ya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samo </td> <td>Matya Samo </td> <td>ɡɔ́́́́ </td> <td>Praịm </td> <td>tjɔwɔ </td> <td>ee </td> <td>Ahịa </td> <td>sɛrɛ́ (5 + 1) </td> <td>tọnọ (5 + 2) </td> <td>tjisí (2 x 4) </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>flè / fʊ̀ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samo </td> <td>Maya Samo </td> <td>Ọ bụ gị </td> <td>Fura </td> <td>Kaaku </td> <td>Ọ ga-abụ </td> <td>N'ihe gbasara ya </td> <td>sɔ̀rɔ̀ (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔ́frá (5 + 2) </td> <td>Ciɡys (2 x 4)? </td> <td>Ọ̀ Bụl (5 + 4)? </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guro-Tura </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Guro" title="Asụsụ Guro">Guro</a> </td> <td>dʊ </td> <td>Fié </td> <td>Yaá </td> <td>N'oge gara aga </td> <td>Solú </td> <td>sʊɛdʊ / sʊɛl (5 + 1) </td> <td>sʊlàyíé (5 + 2) </td> <td>sʊlaá (5 + 3) </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme ihe nkiri (5 + 4) </td> <td>hụrụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guro-Tura </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Yaure" title="Asụsụ Yaure">Yaouré</a> </td> <td>tʊ̀ </td> <td>"ịfụ ụfụ" </td> <td>yaaɡa </td> <td>sĩjɛ̃ = sĩɟɛ̃ ma ọ bụ sĩd͡ʒɛ̃ </td> <td>siri ike </td> <td>ʃɛ́dʊ (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔravli (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔ́ra (5 + 3) </td> <td>sɔrasiɛ̃ (5 + 4) </td> <td>Fụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guro-Tura </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mano" title="Asụsụ Mano">Mann (Mano)</a> </td> <td>doó </td> <td>Pịlị </td> <td>yààka </td> <td>yììsɛ </td> <td>Saịoli </td> <td>Saládo (5 + 1) </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>sálàka (5 + 3) </td> <td>Sinyàìsɛ (5 + 4) </td> <td>troc̀ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nwa-Ben </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Beng" title="Asụsụ Beng">Beng</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>plaŋ </td> <td>Isi iyi </td> <td>siéŋ </td> <td>Saịn </td> <td>sɔdo (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔpla (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔ́wa (5 + 3) </td> <td>Isi (5 + 4) </td> <td>ebu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nwa-Ben </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Gban" title="Asụsụ Gban">Gagu</a> </td> <td>dò </td> <td>fɪn </td> <td>ya na ya </td> <td>Zié </td> <td>Súu </td> <td>Sedọ (5 + 1) </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>Tizi (5 + 4) </td> <td>ebe </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nwa-Ben </td> <td>Mwan (Muan) </td> <td>mee </td> <td>plɛ </td> <td>yaɡa </td> <td>yiziɛ </td> <td>naanị ya </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ "Dose" (5 + 1) </td> <td>Na-agba agba (5 + 2) </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ "Dose" (5 + 3) </td> <td>Na-agba ọsọ (5 + 4) </td> <td>hụrụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nwa-Ben </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Nd%E1%BB%8B_Wan" title="Asụsụ Ndị Wan">Wan</a> </td> <td>mee </td> <td>pilɔŋ </td> <td>ʔã́ </td> <td>Sijá </td> <td>sɔ́lú </td> <td>Ụmụ ahụhụ </td> <td>Seaʔã́ (5 + 2) </td> <td>Sejãŋ́ (5 + 3) </td> <td>sɔlásijá (5 + 4) </td> <td>sɔ́jɔlú </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egwuregwu-Jeri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Jeri" title="Asụsụ Jeri">Jalkunan</a> </td> <td>dúlì </td> <td>Ọkpụkpụ azụ </td> <td>siɡ͡bù </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri </td> <td>sōːló </td> <td>mìːlù </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>Juy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egwuregwu-Jeri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Ligbi" title="Asụsụ Ligbi">Ligbi</a> </td> <td>Dien / Dié </td> <td>fàlà / fàlá </td> <td>sèɡ͡bá / siɡ͡bá </td> <td>náani </td> <td>solo / solo </td> <td>mɔ́ɔ́dó / mooró (5 + 1) </td> <td>maúlà / mafála (5 + 2) </td> <td>másèɡ͡bá / masiɡ͡bá (5 + 3) </td> <td>màdááné / maráni (5 + 4) </td> <td>aga n'ihu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Marka" title="Asụsụ Marka">Marka (Dafing)</a> </td> <td>kyen / kyeren </td> <td>ahịrị / ahịrị </td> <td>saba / saba </td> <td>Snow / Snow </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'oge a na-akpọ ya "Luzuru"  </td> <td>Ọnyà </td> <td>w karaa / wonla </td> <td>sii / siɡi </td> <td>konon / kondon </td> <td>tan / tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asusu_igbo" title="Asusu igbo">Bambara</a> </td> <td>Kelen [kélẽ́] </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya </td> <td>Saaba [sàbá] </td> <td>náani [náːní] </td> <td>dúuru [dúːrú] </td> <td>Igo na-ekwu maka ya </td> <td>wólon [wulawólwólá] </td> <td>sèɡin [sèɡĩ́] </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme ihe nkiri </td> <td>tan [kwada] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td>Jula (1) </td> <td>Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịsị na ị chọrọ </td> <td>N'ebe ahụ, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị. </td> <td>Sabí [sà.bà] </td> <td>naànìn [nàː present̀] </td> <td>dùùrù [dù.ɾù] </td> <td>Igoɔv̀ [wɔ̀ːɾɔ́] </td> <td>Ọkpụkpụ ahụ </td> <td>sieɡi [ee.e.ɡí] </td> <td>kɔ́nɔ́ndon [kɔ.̀nɔ̃.nd́] </td> <td>tan [kwada] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td>Jula (2) </td> <td>Ọchịchị [kélẽ́] </td> <td>N'usoro [ị] / fla [ị] </td> <td>saba [sab] </td> <td>Nkwupụta [naːní] </td> <td>looru [lóːrú] </td> <td>Jọnyụ </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ga-esi na ya nweta ya </td> <td>seɡin [sèɡĩ́] / leeɡi [sèːɡí] </td> <td>Ihe omuma ihe omuma </td> <td>tan [kwada] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Maninka" title="Asụsụ Maninka">Sankaran Maninka</a> </td> <td>Ebe a na-anọ </td> <td>ahịrị </td> <td>Sawaa </td> <td>Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ahụ </td> <td>nke a / looli </td> <td>Ọ bụ ya mere e ji eme ihe </td> <td>Ọ bụ ya mere e ji mee ihe </td> <td>sen </td> <td>konondo </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Maninka" title="Asụsụ Maninka">Mahou</a> </td> <td>Kéléŋ </td> <td>n'afọ ndị ọzọ </td> <td>sàwà </td> <td>náani </td> <td>Lóo </td> <td>Igo </td> <td>wóóŋvyà </td> <td>S.ɲíŋ </td> <td>kɔ́nŋdɔ́ŋ </td> <td>táŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td>Mandinka </td> <td>kiliŋ </td> <td>Ọdịda Anyanwụ </td> <td>Saba </td> <td>náani </td> <td>luulu </td> <td>wóoro </td> <td>wórówula </td> <td>Sayi </td> <td>kononto </td> <td>táŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kassonke" title="Asụsụ Kassonke">Xaasonga</a> </td> <td>kilin </td> <td>Ọdịda Anyanwụ </td> <td>Saba </td> <td>Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ahụ </td> <td>luulu </td> <td>wooro </td> <td>woorowula </td> <td>Saɡi </td> <td>xononto </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mokole </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kakabe" title="Asụsụ Kakabe">Kakabe</a> </td> <td>Kelen </td> <td>ọkpụkpụ </td> <td>Saaba </td> <td>náani </td> <td>Rọlu </td> <td>Igo na-emetụta </td> <td>Igovwila (6 + 1) </td> <td>Saịnọs </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ihe nkiri </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mokole </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kuranko" title="Asụsụ Kuranko">Kuranko</a> </td> <td>__ibo__ Ọmụmụ ihe </td> <td>ahịrị </td> <td>Sawaa / Saba </td> <td>nani </td> <td>loli </td> <td>Igo </td> <td>Ọ bụ mgbe a na-akpọ ya aha? </td> <td>seɡin </td> <td>Ọ na-agbawa agbawa </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mokole </td> <td>Lele </td> <td>kel na-acha </td> <td>Ọ bụ naanị ya ka a na-akpọ </td> <td>Sawaa </td> <td>nani </td> <td>luuli </td> <td>N'oge na-adịghị anya </td> <td>Igwe iko (6 + 1) </td> <td>otu ugboro </td> <td>Nke iri na abụọ </td> <td>taŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vai-Kono </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kono_(Sierra_Leone)" title="Asụsụ Kono (Sierra Leone)">Kono</a> </td> <td>ncélen / ncéle, dɔ́ndo </td> <td>fèa </td> <td>sàwa </td> <td>náani </td> <td>Duʔu </td> <td>Igoyi </td> <td>Iwenfea / Owenfea </td> <td>séi / séin </td> <td>Ọrụ ndị ahụ </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vai-Kono </td> <td>Vai </td> <td>Rọndɔ́́ </td> <td>Fá̀ (ʔ) á </td> <td>sàk͡pá </td> <td>Na-aga n'ihu </td> <td>Ọ bụ naanị (ʔ) ú </td> <td>sɔŋ lɔ́ndɔ́ (5 + 1) </td> <td>sɔ̂ŋ fɛ̀ (ʔ) á (5 + 2) </td> <td>sɔ̂ŋ sàk͡pá (5 + 3) </td> <td>N'oge gara aga (5 + 4) </td> <td>ọrụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Susu-Yalunka </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Susu" title="Asụsụ Susu">Susu</a> </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme </td> <td>Ọrịa na-eme ka mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ </td> <td>Saxon [sàxã́] </td> <td>náani </td> <td>Suley </td> <td>Senní (5 + 1) </td> <td>Sólófer (5 + 2) </td> <td>Solomássan (5 + 3) </td> <td>Solománáání (5 + 4) </td> <td>fuú </td></tr> <tr> <td>Susu-Yalunka </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yalunka_language" title="Yalunka language">Yalunka</a> (1) </td> <td>Kụra </td> <td>Ọkpụkpụ azụ </td> <td>sàkáŋ </td> <td>Ihe omume a </td> <td>sùlù </td> <td>senì (5 + 1) </td> <td>Flófɛ̀rɛ́ (5 + 2) </td> <td>tetara (5 + 3) </td> <td>Nnukwu oge (5 + 4) </td> <td>Fụ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Susu-Yalunka </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yalunka_language" title="Yalunka language">Yalunka (Jalonke)</a> (2) </td> <td>keden </td> <td>fidin </td> <td>Saxan </td> <td>Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ahụ </td> <td>suuli </td> <td>__ibo__ Ihe a na-akpọ "Changni" (5 + 1) </td> <td>solofɛdɛ (5 + 2) </td> <td>solomasɛɡɛ (5 + 3) </td> <td>solomanaani (5 + 4) </td> <td>Fuu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kpelle </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kpelle" title="Asụsụ Kpelle">Guinea Kpelle</a> </td> <td>tagan </td> <td>hvèèlɛ̌ / hvèèlɛ́ </td> <td>haàbǎ / haàbá </td> <td>nááŋ́ </td> <td>Rọlí </td> <td>M̀í da (5 + 1) </td> <td>M̀ì hvéélɛ̀ (5 + 2) </td> <td>M̀ì haábà (5 + 3) </td> <td>M̀ì nááŋ́ (5 + 4) </td> <td>pòǔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kpelle </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kpelle" title="Asụsụ Kpelle">Liberia Kpelle</a> </td> <td>taaŋ / tɔnɔ / dɔnɔ </td> <td>Ọrụ </td> <td>Sabawaa </td> <td>náaŋ </td> <td>Nọtọlu / rhọtọlu </td> <td>Ọnọdụ nke (5 + 1) </td> <td>Ọ bụ ihe mere n'oge ahụ ka a ga-eme (5 + 2) </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka a na-anọ (5 + 3) </td> <td>Ịnọ n'ọnọdụ dị otú o kwesịrị (5 + 4) </td> <td>Pu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Loma" title="Asụsụ Loma">Looma (Toma)</a> (1) </td> <td>ɡílàɡ </td> <td>félé (ɡɔ̀) </td> <td>Sáwà (ɡɔ̀) </td> <td>náánĩ̀ (ɡɔ̀) </td> <td>Ọganihu (ɡɔ̀) </td> <td>dòzìtà (5 + 1) </td> <td>Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe a na-akpọ "German" (5 + 2) </td> <td>Ọ bụ ya na ya (5 + 3) </td> <td>tàwù̀ (ɡɔ̀) (10-1)? </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Loma" title="Asụsụ Loma">Loma</a> (2) </td> <td>ɡila </td> <td>feleɡɔ </td> <td>Saụnwụ </td> <td>Naɡɔ </td> <td>dooluo </td> <td>Ọnyà (5 + 1) </td> <td>Ọnyà (5 + 2) </td> <td>Ọnyà (5 + 3) </td> <td>taawu (10-1)? </td> <td>Pu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td>Bandi (1) </td> <td>ìtá (ŋ), n'ihi ya </td> <td>Felet (ŋ) </td> <td>sàwá (ŋ), sàá (ŋ) </td> <td>Na-aga n'ihu </td> <td>ndɔ́́lú (ŋ) </td> <td>nɡɔ̀hítá (ŋ) (5 + 1) </td> <td>ŋɡɔ̀félà (ŋ) (5 + 2) </td> <td>ŋɡɔ̀hák͡pá (ŋ), ŋɡwahák͡pá (5+ 4) </td> <td>tààwú (ŋ), tààvo (ŋ) (10-1)? </td> <td>pû (ŋ), púù (ŋ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td>Bandi (2) </td> <td>iitá </td> <td>mmetụta </td> <td>saawá </td> <td>naáni </td> <td>Mkpụrụ obi </td> <td>nɡɔhíta (5 + 1) </td> <td>nɡɔféla (5 + 2) </td> <td>nɡwahák͡pa (5 + 3) </td> <td>Taávu (10-1)? </td> <td>ogwu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td>Ọdịdị (1) </td> <td>íla (ŋ) </td> <td>félé (ŋ), fada (ŋ) </td> <td>Sáwá (ŋ), cáwá (ŋ) </td> <td>náay (ŋ) </td> <td>ńdɔu (ŋ) </td> <td>ŋɡɔhita (5 + 1) </td> <td>ŋɡɔfɛla (5 + 2) </td> <td>ŋɡɔsaak͡pa </td> <td>karaabu, raabu </td> <td>puu (ŋ), kapuu (ŋ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td>Loko (2) </td> <td>ilaa </td> <td>Ọkpụkpụ </td> <td>itʃawa </td> <td>naiŋ </td> <td>ndɔu </td> <td>nɡɔita (5 + 1) </td> <td>nɡɔfla (5 + 2) </td> <td>nɡɔsaɡ͡ba (5 + 3) </td> <td>Karabu (10-1)? </td> <td>kapu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mende-Loma </td> <td>Mende </td> <td>yilá / itá </td> <td>Ọfụma </td> <td>sawá </td> <td>náani </td> <td>Rọl </td> <td>Igoite (5 + 1) </td> <td>Igofila (5 + 2) </td> <td>wáyák͡pá (5 + 3) </td> <td>taálú (10-1)? </td> <td>puú </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samogo </td> <td>Duungooma </td> <td>sɔʔi </td> <td>fíʔi </td> <td>ʒiʔi </td> <td>naai </td> <td>ọhụrụ </td> <td>Ọ bụ ihe efu </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụlọ mkpọrọ </td> <td>Isi iyi </td> <td>kleːlo </td> <td>nke a </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samogo </td> <td>Dzùùngoo </td> <td>sōː ́ / sōːrē </td> <td>fíː / fíːkí </td> <td>ʒìːɡī ́ </td> <td>Na-adịghị </td> <td>Ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ </td> <td>tsũ̀mɛ̃̄ ́ </td> <td>N'ihi ya, onye na-ekwu okwu ya </td> <td>ŋáːlõ̀ </td> <td>Akara ndị a </td> <td>tsjéù </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samogo </td> <td>Jowulu (Jo) </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya </td> <td>Fuli </td> <td>bʒei </td> <td>pʃɪrɛɪ </td> <td>Ka ọ dị </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>dʒɔ̃mpʊn (3 + 4) </td> <td>fulpʊn (2 x 4) </td> <td>N'oge a na-anọ n'obodo ahụ (5 + 4) </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samogo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Sembla" title="Asụsụ Sembla">Seeku</a> </td> <td>swɛ̃̄ </td> <td>fĩ́́́ </td> <td>ʃwɛ̀ </td> <td>Naà </td> <td>N'ebe ndị ọzọ </td> <td>tsììì </td> <td>Ihe ndị a na-akpọ fanì </td> <td>Kaà </td> <td>Somomɛ́ </td> <td>To </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Konabéré </td> <td>tálɪ̄ </td> <td>N'ihi ya </td> <td>sǎ </td> <td>N'ihi ya </td> <td>kʊ̄ </td> <td>kʊ̀kwɪ́ (5 + 1) </td> <td>Kʊ̀rʊ̀pâre (5 + 2) </td> <td>kʊ̀rʊ̀sɔ̄ʊ̀ (5 + 3) </td> <td>kʊ̀rʊ̀nɔ̂ŋ (5 + 4) </td> <td>__ibo__ Ụzọ e si agụnye </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Southern Bobo Madare </td> <td>Isi okwu </td> <td>ala </td> <td>Saà </td> <td>N'ihi ya, </td> <td>kóò </td> <td>Ndị isi ala (5 + 1) </td> <td>Agha (5 + 2) </td> <td>Khorósɔ̃̌ (5 + 3) </td> <td>korónɔ̃̌ (5 + 4) </td> <td>N'ihi ya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Hainyaxo Bozo (Kelenga) </td> <td>Sadna:nà </td> <td>ebe e nwere </td> <td>ee: ebe </td> <td>ná:nà </td> <td>Glílɔ́hɔ́ </td> <td>ị:mì </td> <td>dʒíenì </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-anọ n'ụlọ </td> <td>Ịnọ n'ụra </td> <td>Ka ọ dị </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Tièmà-Cièwè Bozo </td> <td>ya:á </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya </td> <td>sì:yé </td> <td>nà: ga-abụ </td> <td>Glílɔ́́́́ </td> <td>Ị:mì </td> <td>dʒiènĩ́́ </td> <td>Tʃèkí </td> <td>Mọnkụ </td> <td>tá </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Tiéyaxo Bozo (Tigemaxo) (1) </td> <td>Sanna </td> <td>nke abụọ </td> <td>ee: ya na ya </td> <td>Glílɔ́́́ </td> <td>Glílɔ́́́ </td> <td>ị:mĩ̀ </td> <td>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] </td> <td>sɛ̄kī </td> <td>Òtù </td> <td>Ka ọ dị </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Tiéyaxo Bozo (2) </td> <td>Ihe omuma / kuɔn </td> <td>fendeen / penden </td> <td>siiyon </td> <td>naaran </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya </td> <td>tuumi </td> <td>jeeni </td> <td>sekiin </td> <td>kiawi </td> <td>tan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Jenaama Bozo (1) </td> <td>yaːá </td> <td>Ọchịchị: </td> <td>N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ya mere e ji dee ya </td> <td>Na-akpata </td> <td>Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatakwu </td> <td>tǔːmí </td> <td>Yine </td> <td>Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ọ na-eme </td> <td>ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ </td> <td>tʃɛ́mí </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td>Jenaama Bozo (2) </td> <td>Ọ bụ eziokwu </td> <td>Ọ na-akwụsi ike </td> <td>sikɛũ / siɡɛũ </td> <td>nataũ </td> <td>kɔɡõ </td> <td>tuumi </td> <td>yeeni </td> <td>seki </td> <td>Nkume </td> <td>tʃɛmi / tʃami </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soninke-Bobo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a> </td> <td>bàanè </td> <td>fíllò / filːi </td> <td>sikko / sikːi </td> <td>náɣátò / naɣati </td> <td>karáɡò / karaɡi </td> <td>Ugboro ole na ole </td> <td>ɲeri </td> <td>Seɡù / seɡi </td> <td>Kaị / kabi </td> <td>Maịma / Maịma </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hụkwa"><span id="H.E1.BB.A5kwa"></span>Hụkwa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Mezie ngalaba: Hụkwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hụkwa"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_Proto-Mande_reconstructions" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:List of Proto-Mande reconstructions">Ndepụta nke Proto-Mande reconstructions</a> (Wiktionary)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_Proto-West_Mande_reconstructions" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:List of Proto-West Mande reconstructions">Ndepụta nke Proto-West Mande reconstructions</a> (Wiktionary)</li> <li>Asụsụ Manding</li> <li>Iwu</li> <li>Asụsụ Mende</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edensibia">Edensibia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Mezie ngalaba: Edensibia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Edensibia"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> bụrụ na njikọ asụsụ Mande doro anya nke ahụ ga-enyere aka ịkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Joseph Greenberg tụrụ aro na otu Niger-Congo, nke n'echiche ya gụnyere ezinụlọ asụsụ Mande, malitere ịpụ n'ihe dị ka Afọ 7,000 BP. Ndị -asụ ya ga-eme omenala Neolithic, dịka okwu Proto-Niger-Congo maka "ụmụ ehi", "nwa ewu" na "ịzụlite" gosipụtara.</p><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: <i>The Languages and Linguistics of Africa</i>, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110421668-002">10.1515/9783110421668-002</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/9783110426069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</a>. “Overall, unless more robust and systematic evidence is brought forward, the long-standing but vague idea that Mande is distant from the rest of Niger-Kordofanian as one of its earliest offshoots should give way to the neutral assessment that it is a family without a proven genealogical affiliation (p. 192).”</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Africa&rft.title=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Africa&rft.atitle=Historical+linguistics+and+genealogical+language+classification+in+Africa&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=G%C3%BCldemann&rft.date=2018&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=58%E2%80%93444&rft.series=The+World+of+Linguistics&rft.isbn=978-3-11-042606-9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2F9783110421668-002"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Dimmendaal (2008). "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continen t". <i>Language and Linguistics Compass</i> <b>2</b> (5): 840–858. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00085.x">10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00085.x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (peeji a adịgịhị)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1749-818X">1749-818X</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Language+Ecology+and+Linguistic+Diversity+on+the+African+Continen+t&rft.title=Language+and+Linguistics+Compass&rft.jtitle=Language+and+Linguistics+Compass&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.au=Dimmendaal&rft.aufirst=Gerrit+J.&rft.pages=840%E2%80%93858&rft.issn=1749-818X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-818x.2008.00085.x"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vydrin_II-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vydrin_II_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vydrin (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jolr.ru/files/(10)jlr2009-1(107-142).pdf">On the Problem of the Proto-Mande Homeland</a>. <i>Journal of Language Relationships</i> 107–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">McCall (1971). "The Cultural Map and Time Profile of the Mande Speaking Peoples", in Hodge: <i>Papers on the Manding</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/9780877501589" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780877501589</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papers+on+the+Manding&rft.title=Papers+on+the+Manding&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Map+and+Time+Profile+of+the+Mande+Speaking+Peoples&rft.aufirst=D.F.&rft.au=McCall&rft.date=1971&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.isbn=9780877501589"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Delafosse (1901). <i>Essai de manuel pratique de la langue mandé ou mandingue ...</i>. Institut national de langues et civilisations orientales. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (peeji a adịgịhị)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/461494818">461494818</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essai+de+manuel+pratique+de+la+langue+mand%C3%A9+ou+mandingue+...&rft.title=Essai+de+manuel+pratique+de+la+langue+mand%C3%A9+ou+mandingue+...&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.au=Delafosse&rft.date=1901&rft.pub=Institut+national+de+langues+et+civilisations+orientales&rft_id=info:oclcnum/461494818"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Welmers (1971). "Niger–Congo, Mande". <i>Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa</i> <b>7</b>: 113–140.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Niger%E2%80%93Congo%2C+Mande&rft.title=Linguistics+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.jtitle=Linguistics+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.date=1971&rft.volume=7&rft.au=Welmers&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.pages=113%E2%80%93140"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Dimmendaal (2011). <i>Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages</i>. John Benjamins. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/9789027287229" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-272-8722-9</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Linguistics+and+the+Comparative+Study+of+African+Languages&rft.title=Historical+Linguistics+and+the+Comparative+Study+of+African+Languages&rft.aufirst=Gerrit+J.&rft.au=Dimmendaal&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.isbn=978-90-272-8722-9"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vydrin3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vydrin3_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Vydrin3_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Vydrin (2016). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01375776/file/08-Vydrin-mande.pdf">Toward a Proto-Mande reconstruction and an etymological dictionary</a>". <i>Faits de Langues</i> <b>47</b>: 109–123. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000008">10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000008</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Proto-Mande+reconstruction+and+an+etymological+dictionary&rft.title=Faits+de+Langues&rft.jtitle=Faits+de+Langues&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=47&rft.au=Vydrin&rft.aufirst=Valentin&rft.pages=109%E2%80%93123&rft_id=info:doi/10.1163%2F19589514-047-01-900000008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalshs.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhalshs-01375776%2Ffile%2F08-Vydrin-mande.pdf"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vydrin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vydrin_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vydrin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-397">Mande Languages</a>. <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.397">10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.397</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181536/http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/index/mande_languages/mande_family/">Mande language family</a>. <i>mandelang.kunstkamera.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/index/mande_languages/mande_family/">the original</a> on 2019-03-31. Retrieved on 2019-03-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kastenholz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kastenholz_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kastenholz_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Kastenholz (1996). <i>Sprachgeschichte im West-Mande: Methoden und Rekonstruktionen</i>. Köln: Köppe, 281. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/3896450719" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3896450719</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (peeji a adịgịhị)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/42295840">42295840</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sprachgeschichte+im+West-Mande%3A+Methoden+und+Rekonstruktionen&rft.title=Sprachgeschichte+im+West-Mande%3A+Methoden+und+Rekonstruktionen&rft.aufirst=Raimund&rft.au=Kastenholz&rft.date=1996&rft.pub=K%C3%B6ppe&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pages=281&rft.isbn=3896450719&rft_id=info:oclcnum/42295840"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>{{{title}}}</i>. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/0521661781" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521661781</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.isbn=0521661781"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Bimson (1976). "Comparative reconstruction of Mandekan". <i>Studies in African Linguistics</i> <b>7</b> (3).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Comparative+reconstruction+of+Mandekan&rft.title=Studies+in+African+Linguistics&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+African+Linguistics&rft.date=1976&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.au=Bimson&rft.aufirst=Kent"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Schreiber (2008). <i>Eine historische Phonologie der Niger-Volta-Sprachen: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Sprachgeschichte der östlichen Ost-Mandesprachen</i>. R. Köppe. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/9783896450760" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-89645-076-0</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eine+historische+Phonologie+der+Niger-Volta-Sprachen%3A+Ein+Beitrag+zur+Erforschung+der+Sprachgeschichte+der+%C3%B6stlichen+Ost-Mandesprachen&rft.title=Eine+historische+Phonologie+der+Niger-Volta-Sprachen%3A+Ein+Beitrag+zur+Erforschung+der+Sprachgeschichte+der+%C3%B6stlichen+Ost-Mandesprachen&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft.au=Schreiber&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=R.+K%C3%B6ppe&rft.isbn=978-3-89645-076-0"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Vydrin (2007). "South Mande reconstruction: Initial consonants", <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2031755">Аспекты компаративистики 2</a></i>, Orientalia et classica. Труды Института восточных культур и античн.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+2&rft.title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+2&rft.atitle=South+Mande+reconstruction%3A+Initial+consonants&rft.aufirst=Valentin&rft.au=Vydrin&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD&rft.series=Orientalia+et+classica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2031755"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Dwyer (1988). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/PDF/Mandenkan14-15/14dwyer.pdf">Towards Proto-Mande phonology</a>". <i>Mandenkan</i> <b>14/15</b>: 139–152.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Towards+Proto-Mande+phonology&rft.title=Mandenkan&rft.jtitle=Mandenkan&rft.date=1988&rft.volume=14%2F15&rft.au=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.pages=139%E2%80%93152&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fllacan.cnrs.fr%2FPDF%2FMandenkan14-15%2F14dwyer.pdf"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanNumeralsNC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ChanNumeralsNC_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Niger-Congo.htm">The Niger-Congo Language Phylum</a>. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ịgụ_ihe_ọzọ"><span id=".E1.BB.8Ag.E1.BB.A5_ihe_.E1.BB.8Dz.E1.BB.8D"></span>Ịgụ ihe ọzọ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ịgụ ihe ọzọ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ịgụ ihe ọzọ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Delafosse (1904). <i>Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de soixante langues ou dialectes parlés à la Ivory Coast et dans les régions limitrophes, avec des notes linguistiques et ethnologiques</i>. Paris: Leroux.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulaires+comparatifs+de+plus+de+soixante+langues+ou+dialectes+parl%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+Ivory+Coast+et+dans+les+r%C3%A9gions+limitrophes%2C+avec+des+notes+linguistiques+et+ethnologiques&rft.title=Vocabulaires+comparatifs+de+plus+de+soixante+langues+ou+dialectes+parl%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+Ivory+Coast+et+dans+les+r%C3%A9gions+limitrophes%2C+avec+des+notes+linguistiques+et+ethnologiques&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.au=Delafosse&rft.date=1904&rft.pub=Leroux&rft.place=Paris"> </span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Halaoui (1983). <i>Atlas des langues mandé – sud de Ivory Coast</i>. Abidjan: ACCT-ILA.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+des+langues+mand%C3%A9+%E2%80%93+sud+de+Ivory+Coast&rft.title=Atlas+des+langues+mand%C3%A9+%E2%80%93+sud+de+Ivory+Coast&rft.aufirst=Nazam&rft.au=Halaoui&rft.date=1983&rft.pub=ACCT-ILA&rft.place=Abidjan"> </span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Perekhvalskaya (2019). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/PDF/Mandenkan61/61perekhvalskaya_vydrin.pdf">Numeral systems in Mande languages</a>". <i>Mandenkan</i> <b>61</b>: 47–111.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Numeral+systems+in+Mande+languages&rft.title=Mandenkan&rft.jtitle=Mandenkan&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=61&rft.au=Perekhvalskaya&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.pages=47%E2%80%93111&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fllacan.cnrs.fr%2FPDF%2FMandenkan61%2F61perekhvalskaya_vydrin.pdf"> </span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Steinthal (1867). <i>Die Mande-Negersprachen, psychologisch und phonetisch betrachtet</i>. Berlin: Schade.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Mande-Negersprachen%2C+psychologisch+und+phonetisch+betrachtet&rft.title=Die+Mande-Negersprachen%2C+psychologisch+und+phonetisch+betrachtet&rft.aufirst=Heymann&rft.au=Steinthal&rft.date=1867&rft.pub=Schade&rft.place=Berlin"> </span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Sullivan [1983] (2004). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9088">A preliminary report of existing information on the Manding languages of West Africa: Summary and suggestions for future research</a></i>, SIL Electronic Survey Report. Dallas: SIL International.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+preliminary+report+of+existing+information+on+the+Manding+languages+of+West+Africa%3A+Summary+and+suggestions+for+future+research&rft.title=A+preliminary+report+of+existing+information+on+the+Manding+languages+of+West+Africa%3A+Summary+and+suggestions+for+future+research&rft.aufirst=Terrence+D.&rft.au=Sullivan&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.place=Dallas&rft.series=SIL+Electronic+Survey+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F9088"> </span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Vydrin (2000). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9019">Mandé language family of West Africa: Location and genetic classification</a></i>, SIL Electronic Survey Report. Dallas: SIL International.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mand%C3%A9+language+family+of+West+Africa%3A+Location+and+genetic+classification&rft.title=Mand%C3%A9+language+family+of+West+Africa%3A+Location+and+genetic+classification&rft.aufirst=Valentin&rft.au=Vydrin&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.place=Dallas&rft.series=SIL+Electronic+Survey+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F9019"> </span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Williamson (2000). "Niger-Congo", in Heine: <i>African Languages: An Introduction</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Languages%3A+An+Introduction&rft.title=African+Languages%3A+An+Introduction&rft.atitle=Niger-Congo&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft.au=Williamson&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Njikọ_mpụga"><span id="Njik.E1.BB.8D_mp.E1.BB.A5ga"></span>Njikọ mpụga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Mezie ngalaba: Njikọ mpụga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Njikọ mpụga"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223161349/http://mandelang.kunstkamera.ru/index/langues_mande/">Asụsụ Ndị Mmadụ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022147/http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/Mande.aspx">Peeji Mande nke Journal of West African Languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110104083238/http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/fichiers/Mandenkan/index.html">Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mandenkan</a> (okwu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127075613/http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/pub_mandenkan_en.php">mmeghe)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ewepụtara na <i><a dir="ltr" href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asụsụ_Mande&oldid=151314">https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asụsụ_Mande&oldid=151314</a></i></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:Categories" title="Ọpụrụiche:Categories">Ụdàkọ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ot%C3%BA:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Otú:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ot%C3%BA:Pages_with_unreviewed_translations" title="Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations">Pages with unreviewed translations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Oge ikpeazu Edeziri ihuakwụkwọ a bụ 24 Febụwarị 2024, na 20:15</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Ihe e dere nọ n'okpuru <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; usoro mgbakwunye nkwenye dị kwa Lee <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Usoro iji mee ihe</a> maka ihe ọzọ Í kwesiri ima.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Amụma nzuzo</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maka">Maka Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E1%B9%84wep%E1%BB%A5aka_izugbe">Ṅwepụaka</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ndị ọrụnkwalite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ig.wikipedia.org">Statistiks</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Ṅkwupụta kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">nlegharị anya nke ekwenti</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-mv7zs","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.183","walltime":"0.233","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4045,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":32824,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13843,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18422,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 161.199 1 -total"," 50.78% 81.864 1 Templeeti:Databox"," 31.60% 50.936 1 Templeeti:Reflist"," 15.92% 25.659 14 Templeeti:Cite_book"," 8.65% 13.942 6 Templeeti:Cite_journal"," 3.86% 6.223 4 Templeeti:Cite_web"," 1.68% 2.714 2 Templeeti:IPA"," 0.73% 1.181 1 Templeeti:Needs_IPA"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.033","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":662099,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-dcxqv","timestamp":"20241116085210","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"As\u1ee5s\u1ee5 Mande","url":"https:\/\/ig.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Mande","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33681","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q33681","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-02-22T03:40:22Z","dateModified":"2024-02-24T20:15:15Z"}</script> </body> </html>