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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteken</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grundlagen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grundlagen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grundlagen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grundlagen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Grundlagen umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grundlagen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_Zell_bi_de_Prokaryoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Zell_bi_de_Prokaryoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>De Zell bi de Prokaryoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Zell_bi_de_Prokaryoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Eukaryoten_ehre_Zellen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Eukaryoten_ehre_Zellen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Eukaryoten_ehre_Zellen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wie_sik_de_Zellen_bi_Deerter,_Planten_un_Swämme_verscheelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wie_sik_de_Zellen_bi_Deerter,_Planten_un_Swämme_verscheelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Wie sik de Zellen bi Deerter, Planten un Swämme verscheelt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wie_sik_de_Zellen_bi_Deerter,_Planten_un_Swämme_verscheelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Zellen_ehre_Struktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Zellen_ehre_Struktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>De Zellen ehre Struktur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-De_Zellen_ehre_Struktur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt De Zellen ehre Struktur umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-De_Zellen_ehre_Struktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zellmembran_–_de_Hüllen,_de_schuult" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zellmembran_–_de_Hüllen,_de_schuult"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Zellmembran – de Hüllen, de schuult</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zellmembran_–_de_Hüllen,_de_schuult-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zellskelett_–_de_Zellen_ehr_Gerüst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zellskelett_–_de_Zellen_ehr_Gerüst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Zellskelett – de Zellen ehr Gerüst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zellskelett_–_de_Zellen_ehr_Gerüst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Das_geneetsche_Material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Das_geneetsche_Material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Das geneetsche Material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Das_geneetsche_Material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ribosomen_–_De_Proteinfabriken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ribosomen_–_De_Proteinfabriken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ribosomen – De Proteinfabriken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ribosomen_–_De_Proteinfabriken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zentriolen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zentriolen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Zentriolen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zentriolen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Organellen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Organellen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>De Organellen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Organellen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zellkarn_–de_Zellen_ehre_Stüerbrugge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zellkarn_–de_Zellen_ehre_Stüerbrugge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Zellkarn –de Zellen ehre Stüerbrugge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zellkarn_–de_Zellen_ehre_Stüerbrugge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitochondern_–_de_Kraftwarke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitochondern_–_de_Kraftwarke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Mitochondern – de Kraftwarke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitochondern_–_de_Kraftwarke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plastiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plastiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Plastiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plastiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binnenplasma-Nett_un_Golgi-Apraat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binnenplasma-Nett_un_Golgi-Apraat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.4</span> <span>Binnenplasma-Nett un Golgi-Apraat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binnenplasma-Nett_un_Golgi-Apraat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lysosome_un_Peroxisome_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Organellen_to’n_Verdauen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lysosome_un_Peroxisome_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Organellen_to’n_Verdauen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.5</span> <span>Lysosome un Peroxisome – de Zellen ehre Organellen to’n Verdauen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lysosome_un_Peroxisome_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Organellen_to’n_Verdauen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vakuole_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Spiekerorgane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vakuole_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Spiekerorgane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.6</span> <span>Vakuole – de Zellen ehre Spiekerorgane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vakuole_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Spiekerorgane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zellen_as_Medizin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zellen_as_Medizin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zellen as Medizin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zellen_as_Medizin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblenken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblenken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Weblenken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblenken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Belege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zell (Biologie)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 175 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175 Spraaken</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – Afrikaansch" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – Swiezerdüütsch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Swiezerdüütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5" title="ህዋስ – Amhaarsch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህዋስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celula" title="Celula – Aragoneesch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Celula" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABfcl%C4%93ofa" title="Līfclēofa – Ooldengelsch" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līfclēofa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Ooldengelsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خلية – Araabsch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Araabsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="بنيقة – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنيقة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خليه – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – Assameesch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assameesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Asturiaansch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturiaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Лъамел – Awaarsch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъамел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Awaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99" title="Hüceyrə – Aserbaidschaansch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="حوجره – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوجره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күҙәнәк – Baschkiersch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙәнәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkiersch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dstel%C4%97" title="Lōstelė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lōstelė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Wittruss’sch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wittruss’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Вуза – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Bulgaarsch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान) – Bihaarsch" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="သဲလ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဲလ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান) – Bengaalsch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaalsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕྲ་ཕུང། – Tibeetsch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕྲ་ཕུང།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeetsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellig" title="Kellig – Bretoonsch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kellig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretoonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lula" title="Cèl·lula – Katalaansch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1%CC%A4-b%C3%A0u" title="Sá̤-bàu – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sá̤-bàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Tschetscheensch" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tschetscheensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="خانە – Zentraalkurdsch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentraalkurdsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%88ka" title="Buňka – Tschech’sch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschech’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Пайрăм – Tschuwasch’sch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwasch’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(bioleg)" title="Cell (bioleg) – Waliesch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cell (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Waliesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle_(biologi)" title="Celle (biologi) – Däänsch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Celle (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Däänsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – Düütsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Düütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Κύτταρο – Greeksch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύτταρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greeksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology) – Engelsch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engelsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elo_(biologio)" title="Ĉelo (biologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelo (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Spaansch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakk" title="Rakk – Eestnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eestnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula – Basksch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – Pers’sch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Pers’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu" title="Solu – Finnsch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykna" title="Kykna – Färöösch" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kykna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Färöösch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie) – Franzöösch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franzöösch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8lula_(biologia)" title="Cèlula (biologia) – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cèlula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – Noordfreesch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noordfreesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Cill (bitheolaíocht) – Iersch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cill (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iersch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9loul_(byoloji)" title="Séloul (byoloji) – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Séloul (byoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cealla_(bith-e%C3%B2las)" title="Cealla (bith-eòlas) – Schottsch Gäälsch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cealla (bith-eòlas)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schottsch Gäälsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Galizisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8A%D9%84" title="سللۊل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سللۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoveap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tekoveapỹi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoveapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killag" title="Killag – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u" title="Se-pâu – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90" title="תא – Hebrääsch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrääsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica – Kroaatsch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaatsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selil" title="Selil – Haitiaansch-Kreoolsch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Selil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiaansch-Kreoolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejt" title="Sejt – Ungaarsch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – Armeensch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – Indoneesch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellul" title="Cellul – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cellul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula_(biolohia)" title="Selula (biolohia) – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Selula (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3" title="Оагилг – Ingusch’sch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оагилг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingusch’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulo" title="Celulo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma – Ieslandsch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Ieslandsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – Italieensch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italieensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – Japaansch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(bailoji)" title="Sel (bailoji) – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sel (bailoji)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ji%27esle" title="ji'esle – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ji'esle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8l_(biologi)" title="Sèl (biologi) – Javaansch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèl (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="უჯრედი – Georgsch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kletka" title="Kletka – Karakalpaksch" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kletka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwatt" title="Takwatt – Kabyylsch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takwatt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyylsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Уэтэ – Kabardiensch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уэтэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Жасуша – Kasach’sch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasach’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា – Kambodschaansch" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kambodschaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포 – Koreaansch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xane" title="Xane – Kurdsch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xane" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kell" title="Kell – Koornsch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kell" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Koornsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Kirgiesch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – Latiensch" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latiensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – Luxemborgsch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemborgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жаннакъатта – Lakisch" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Жаннакъатта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Lesgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lesgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akataffaali" title="Akataffaali – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Akataffaali" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – Limborgsch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limborgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A5_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2)" title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ) – Laootsch" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laootsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Ląstelė – Litausch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ląstelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litausch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna – Lettsch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sela" title="Sela – Madagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Madagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Илпарчак – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Илпарчак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Mazedoonsch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedoonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="കോശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – Mongoolsch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="पेशी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – Malaisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း – Birmaansch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလာပ်စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Човэриця – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Човэриця" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – Masanderanisch" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="कोष – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – Nedderlandsch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nedderlandsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – Norweegsch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norweegsch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – Norweegsch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norweegsch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AEtre" title="Aître – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aître" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – Okzitaansch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelii_(Lubbiyyoo)" title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="କୋଷ – Orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ – Pandschabsch" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandschabsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Pampanggan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanggan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rka" title="Komórka – Poolsch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ژونکه – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – Portugeesch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaykuq" title="Kawsaykuq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaykuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C4%83_(biologie)" title="Celulă (biologie) – Rumäänsch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celulă (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumäänsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C3%A2_(biologie)" title="Celulâ (biologie) – Aromuunsch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Celulâ (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromuunsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – Russ’sch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russ’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Бунка (біолоґія) – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бунка (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7:" title="रसकोष: – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसकोष:" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Саанык – Jakuutsch" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakuutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8llula" title="Cèllula – Siziliaansch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cèllula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siziliaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DA%99%D9%88" title="جيو گھرڙو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيو گھرڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealla" title="Sealla – Noord-Saamsch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Saamsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – Singhaleesch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhaleesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka – Slowaaksch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bunka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celica" title="Celica – Sloweensch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyere_(Dzezvipenyu)" title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu) – Schona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Schona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unug" title="Unug – Somaalsch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Unug" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaalsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeliza" title="Qeliza – Albaansch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeliza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ћелија (биологија) – Serbsch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћелија (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4lle_(Biologie)" title="Sälle (Biologie) – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sälle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l_(biologi)" title="Sél (biologi) – Sundaneesch" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sél (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundaneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Sweedsch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweedsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seli" title="Seli – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sipaw" title="sipaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sipaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு – Tamilsch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="జీవకణం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవకణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ҳуҷайра – Tadschiksch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуҷайра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschiksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%BDj%C3%BCk" title="Öýjük – Turkmeensch" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Öýjük" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre" title="Hücre – Törksch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Törksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күзәнәк – Tataarsch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клітина – Ukrainsch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujayra" title="Hujayra – Usbeeksch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hujayra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbeeksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C5%82u%C5%82a" title="Sełuła – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sełuła" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Tế bào – Vietnameesch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnameesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BCl" title="Siül – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Siül" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celule" title="Celule – Walloonsch" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Celule" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selul%C3%A1" title="Selulá – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Selulá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-cell" title="I-cell – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-cell" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თოლი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="צעל – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3r%C3%B3" title="Hóró – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hóró" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibau" title="Sibau – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sibau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞 – Chineesch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chineesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau" title="Sè-pau – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqamuzana" title="Ingqamuzana – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqamuzana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nds" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Bacillus_subtilis_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg/220px-Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg/330px-Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg/440px-Bacillus_subtilis_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">prokaryootschen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eenzeller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eenzeller (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Eenzeller</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacillus_subtilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacillus subtilis (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bacillus subtilis</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Paramecium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/220px-Paramecium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/330px-Paramecium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/440px-Paramecium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Een <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryootschen</a> Eenzeller: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puuschendeertken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puuschendeertken (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Paramecium aurelia</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>En <b>Zell(e)</b> (vun <a href="/wiki/Latiensche_Spraak" title="Latiensche Spraak">lat.</a> <i>cellula</i> lüttje Kamer, Zelle, <a href="/wiki/Ooldgreeksche_Spraak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ooldgreeksche Spraak">ooldgr.</a> κύτος <i>kytos</i> Zelle) is de lüttjeste Eenheit, de mank de <a href="/wiki/Organismus_(Biologie)" title="Organismus (Biologie)">Organismen</a> leven deit. Dat gifft „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eenzellers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eenzellers (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Eenzellers</a>“ un „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehrzellers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehrzellers (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mehrzellers</a>“. Wenn dat Leevwesen ut en ganzen Barg Zellen besteiht („<a href="/wiki/Veelzellers" title="Veelzellers">Veelzellers</a>“), könnt de Zellen tohopenknütt ween to gröttere Eenheiten. De weert denn <a href="/wiki/Geweev_(Biologie)" title="Geweev (Biologie)">Geweev</a> nömmt. Dat minschliche Lief besteiht ut een poor hunnert verscheden Typen vun Zellen un Geweev. In’n Loop vun de <a href="/wiki/Evolutschoon" title="Evolutschoon">Evolutschoon</a> hefft de Zellen vun Veelzellers de Mööglichkeit verlaren un könnt nich mehr alleen for sik un sülvstännig leven. Se hefft sik up Geweeve spezialiseert un deelt sik de Arbeit up. Bi Eenzellers sütt dat anners ut. De Wetenschop un Lehr vun de Leevwesen ehre Zellen warrt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellbiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellbiologie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellbiologie</a> nömmt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundlagen">Grundlagen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Grundlagen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Grundlagen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elke Zell is en egen System, dat afgrenzt is vun annere un sik sülms unnerholen kann. Se kann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nehrstoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nehrstoff (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nehrstoffe</a> upnehmen un de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a>, de dor in steken deit, dör <a href="/wiki/Stoffwessel" title="Stoffwessel">Stoffwessel</a> for sik sülms bruken. Nee Zellen kaamt tostanne dör <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zelldeelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zelldeelen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zelldeelen</a>. In de Zellen steekt Informatschonen for allens, wat se unnernehmen doot un wie dat aflopen mutt. Zellen kriegt Saken tostanne, de as Kennteken vun dat Leven ankeken weert. Man dör de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezialiseeren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spezialiseeren (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Spezialiseeren</a> in Veelzellers weert düsse Kennteken nich bi all Zellen funnen: </p> <ul><li>Vermehren dör Zelldeelen</li> <li>Stoff- un Energiewessel (Upnehmen vun Nehrstoffe, Afboo vun Zellstrukturen oder Energieumsatz)</li> <li>Zellen reageert, wenn se targt weert (targen vun buten de Zellen oder vun binnen, Temperatur, Freten, Feende, de jem freten wüllt usw.)</li> <li>Se könnt sik unner Umstänne rögen (unner annern dör <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flagellum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flagellum (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Pietschensteerter</a>). Ok in de Zellen röögt sik <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteine</a> un <a href="/wiki/Vesikel_(Biologie)" title="Vesikel (Biologie)">Vesikels</a>.</li> <li>Se könnt wassen un sik entwickeln.</li> <li>Se könnt dootmaakt weern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekrose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nekrose</a>).</li></ul> <p>Mit de Evolutschoon hefft sik twee Gruppen vun Leevwesen rutbillt, de sik bannig verschelen doot dör de Struktur vun ehre Zellen: Dat een sünd de <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">Prokaryoten</a>. Se bestaht ut eenfache Zellen sunner <a href="/wiki/Zellkarn" title="Zellkarn">Zellkarn</a>. Dat annere sünd de <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a>, de ut Zellen bestaht, de man wat kumplexer tohopenboot sünd un en Zellkarn hefft. Prokaryoten un ok Eukaryoten gifft dat as Eenzellers un as Mehrzellers. Bi de Mehrzellers sluut sik Zellen tohopen un wuppt denn sunnerliche Upgaven. Meist deelt se sik dor de Arbeit bi un könnt alleen faken nich mehr leven. </p><p>Bi de Grötte verscheelt sik Zellen bannig. Normolerwiese hefft se en Döörmeter vun 1 bit 30 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrometer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mikrometer</a>, man de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eizell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eizell (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Eizell</a> vun en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrikaanschen_Vagel_Struu%C3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrikaanschen Vagel Struuß (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Vagel Struuß</a> warrt mehr as 7 Zentimeter groot. Ok bi de Minschen is de Eizell mit 110 bit 140 Mikrometer de gröttste Zell, un de eenzigste, de een mit’n bloten Oge sehn kann. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_Zell_bi_de_Prokaryoten">De Zell bi de Prokaryoten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Ännere Afsnitt: De Zell bi de Prokaryoten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: De Zell bi de Prokaryoten"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Bacterium-schema-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bacterium-schema-de.svg/220px-Bacterium-schema-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bacterium-schema-de.svg/330px-Bacterium-schema-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bacterium-schema-de.svg/440px-Bacterium-schema-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption> Zell vun en Prokaryoten (Bakterium, schemaatsch dorstellt</figcaption></figure> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">Prokaryoten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> un <a href="/wiki/Archaeen" title="Archaeen">Archaeen</a>) ehre Zellen weert ok <i>Procyten</i> oder <i>Protocyten</i> nömmt. Se hefft keen echten Zellkarn, as de Zellen vun de <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a> un sünd alltohopen eenfacher upboot. Allgemeen kann seggt weern, datt se sik so vun de Eukaryoten ehre Zellen verscheelt: </p> <ul><li>Bi de Procyten is dat roorer, datt se enkelte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellkompartimente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellkompartimente (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Unnerdeele</a> billen doot</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a> mit dat geneetsche Materiol liggt free in dat <a href="/wiki/Zellplasma" title="Zellplasma">Zellplasma</a>. Bovento is dat nich dör <a href="/w/index.php?title=Histone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histone (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Histone</a> (sunnerliche <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteine</a>) tosamenknütt‘ un also nich in en echten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chromosom</a> tohopenfaat. Se is in’e Reege brocht in dat so nömmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleoid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nucleoid</a>, wat man lüttsch is.</li> <li>Dat ganze <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Genom</a> besteiht meist bloß ut en enkelt DNA-<a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCl" title="Molekül">Molekül</a>. Dat warrt „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakterienchromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakterienchromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bakterienchromosom</a>“ nömmt. Faken is düt DNA-Molekül in sik afslaten.</li> <li>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellh%C3%BCll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellhüll (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellhüllen</a> sünd faken kumplex tohopensett, to’n Deel bestaht se sogor ut twee Membrans.</li> <li>De Ribosomen sünd jummers lüttjer (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedimentatschoonskoeffizient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedimentatschoonskoeffizient (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sedimentatschoonskoeffizient</a> 70 S) as in de Eukaryoten ehre Zellen (80 S).</li></ul> <p>Prokaryoten verscheelt sik bannig, wat dat Utsehn un de Umwelt angeiht. Dat gifft wecke, de könnt unner extreme Umstänne leven (<a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> bit over 100 °C; in en Umwelt, wo dat keen fre’en <a href="/wiki/Suerstoff" title="Suerstoff">Suerstoff</a> gifft; suer Milieu (<a href="/wiki/PH-Weert" title="PH-Weert">pH-Weert</a> 1-4); hogen Druck (1000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bar (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">bar</a>). Veel Prokaryoten leevt as <a href="/wiki/Parasit" title="Parasit">Parasiten</a>, in en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbiose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbiose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Symbiose</a> oder se nehrt sik vun dood Materiol. En Reeg vun jem maakt krank. Faken sitt dor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Plasmide</a> in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_Eukaryoten_ehre_Zellen">De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Ännere Afsnitt: De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Biological_cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/220px-Biological_cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/330px-Biological_cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/440px-Biological_cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption><b>So is de Zell vun en Eukaryoten (<a href="/wiki/Veelzellers" title="Veelzellers">Deert</a>) organiseert:</b><br /> 1. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCttkarn" title="Lüttkarn">Lüttkarn</a> (Nucleolus)<br /> 2. <a href="/wiki/Zellkarn" title="Zellkarn">Zellkarn</a> (Nukleus)<br /> 3. <a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">Ribosomen</a><br /> 4. <a href="/wiki/Vesikel_(Biologie)" title="Vesikel (Biologie)">Vesikel</a><br /> 5. <a href="/wiki/Binnenplasma-Nett" title="Binnenplasma-Nett">Ruug Binnenplasma-Nett</a> (Ergastoplasma)<br /> 6. <a href="/wiki/Golgi-Appraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Golgi-Appraat">Golgi-Appraat</a><br /> 7. <a href="/wiki/Mikrotubulus" title="Mikrotubulus">Mikrotubuli</a><br /> 8. Glatt Binnenplasma-Nett<br /> 9. <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">Mitochondern</a><br /> 10. <a href="/wiki/Lysosom" title="Lysosom">Lysosom</a><br /> 11. <a href="/wiki/Zellplasma" title="Zellplasma">Zellplasma</a><br /> 12. <a href="/wiki/Peroxisom" title="Peroxisom">Peroxisomen</a><br /> 13. <a href="/wiki/Zentriol" title="Zentriol">Zentriolen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen weert ok <i>Eucyten</i> nömmt. Se verscheelt sik vun de Prokaryoten ehre Zellen sunnerlich dör den <a href="/wiki/Zellkarn" title="Zellkarn">Zellkarn</a> mit en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnh%C3%BCll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnhüll (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Karnhüll</a> um de <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a> umto, de tohopenbunnen is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chromosomen</a>. De Eukaryoten ehre Zellen sünd veel mehr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Differenzeren_(Biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Differenzeren (Biologie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">spezialiseert</a>, as Zellen vun Prokaryoten. Dat liggt dor an, datt se unbannig veel verscheden Upgaven to wuppen hefft. De middelste Zellmass vun Eucyten liggt bi 2,5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanogramm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanogramm (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nanogramm</a>. In de Längde verscheelt se sik bannig: dat geiht vun en poor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrometer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mikrometer</a> bit hen to en poor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zentimeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zentimeter (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zentimeter</a> bi Zellen vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muskelfaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muskelfaser (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Muskelfasern</a>. </p><p>En Sunnerrull mank de Eucyten speelt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nervenzell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nervenzell (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nervenzellen</a> (Neuronen). De langt vun dat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruggenmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruggenmark (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ruggenmark</a> bit hen in de ütersten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liddmaat_(Biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liddmaat (Biologie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Liddmaten</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wie_sik_de_Zellen_bi_Deerter,_Planten_un_Swämme_verscheelt"><span id="Wie_sik_de_Zellen_bi_Deerter.2C_Planten_un_Sw.C3.A4mme_verscheelt"></span>Wie sik de Zellen bi Deerter, Planten un Swämme verscheelt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Wie sik de Zellen bi Deerter, Planten un Swämme verscheelt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Wie sik de Zellen bi Deerter, Planten un Swämme verscheelt"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zellen vun <a href="/wiki/Veelzellers" title="Veelzellers">Deerter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">Planten</a> un <a href="/wiki/Sw%C3%A4mme" title="Swämme">Swämme</a> höört all to de eukaryootschen Zellen, man se verscheelt sik doch in’e Struktur. De sunnerlichen Unnerscheede sünd hier tohopenfaat: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bestanddeel</th> <th>Plantenzellen</th> <th>Zellen bi Deerter</th> <th>Zellen bi Swämme </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zellwand" title="Zellwand">Zellwand</a>, wichtigste Deele </th> <td>gifft dat jummers, mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellulose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellulose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellulose</a>, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weekholt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weekholt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Weekholt</a> ok veel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glucomannane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glucomannane (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Glucomannan</a>, faken as Galactoglucomannan</td> <td>Jummers sunner Zellwand</td> <td>gifft dat regelmatig, mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chitin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chitin (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chitin</a> (Zellwänne könnt avers twuschen Zellen wegfallen) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Plastid" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastid">Plastiden</a> </th> <td>gifft dat jummers, meist as (gröne) <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">Chloroplasten</a></td> <td>gifft dat nie nich</td> <td>Plastiden gifft dat, man keen Chloroplasten </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakuole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakuole (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Vakuolen</a> </th> <td>gifft dat jummers (Membran umto: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonoplast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonoplast (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Tonoplast</a>)</td> <td>gifft dat mehrstendeels nich (man charakteristisch for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adipozyt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adipozyt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Adipozyten</a>)</td> <td>gifft dat jummers<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>energieriek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohlenhydrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohlenhydrate (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kohlenhydrat</a>-Spiekermolekül </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starkde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starkde (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Starkde</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glykogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glykogen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Glykogen</a></td> <td>Glykogen<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Twuschenruum twuschen de Zellen in <a href="/wiki/Geweev_(Biologie)" title="Geweev (Biologie)">Geweven</a> </th> <td>Middellamelle mit Kontaktarreal (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellgatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellgatt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellgöter</a>), keen Kollagen</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrazellul%C3%A4re_Matrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrazelluläre Matrix (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Extrazelluläre Matrix</a>, jummers mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kollagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kollagen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kollagen</a></td> <td>keen Kollagen </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zelldeelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zelldeelen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zelldeelen</a> (normolerwiese warrt de Zellmembran afsnört, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knuppen_(Vermehren)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knuppen (Vermehren) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Knuppen</a> kann ok vorkamen) </th> <td>achternah warrt de Zellwand twuschen de Dochterzellen tostannen brocht</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wie weert Stoffe mit de Naberzellen uttuuscht </th> <td>to’n Deel over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmodesmos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmodesmos (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Plasmodesmen</a>, de vun Zelldeelens herkaamt</td> <td>over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Desmosomen</a> oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gap_Junction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gap Junction (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Gap Junctions</a>, de na Afsluss vun de Zelldeelen nee tostanne brocht wurrn sünd</td> <td>Gap Junctions oder wat in de Aart </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lysosom" title="Lysosom">Lysosomen</a> </th> <td>kann dat geven, mutt avers nich</td> <td>gifft dat, faken as lyytsche Vakuole</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zellkarn in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interphase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interphase (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Interphase</a> </th> <td>gifft dat jummers for sik</td> <td>gifft dat meist (fehlt u. a. in de Minschen ehre <a href="/wiki/Erythrozyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrozyt">Erythrozyten</a>)</td> <td>gifft dat meist, in Plasmodien oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synzytium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synzytium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Synzytien</a> kann dat angahn, datt he nich to finnen is oder datt he mehrfack to finnen is (wenn sik en Reeg vun Naberzellen tohopenslaten hefft, sunner Zellwänne oder Membrans dor twuschen) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg/330px-Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg/495px-Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg/660px-Plant_cell_structure_svg-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Plantenzelle</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Egenaarden vun Plantenzellen</b> </p> <ul><li>De Zellwand gifft de Zellen un dor dat ganze Lief vun de Planten mit en mehr oder minner faste Form. Se lett <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a>, uplöste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nehrstoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nehrstoff (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nehrstoffe</a> un <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gase</a> dör. Bestahn deit se sunnerlich ut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellulose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellulose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellulose</a>. Wenn bi sunnerlich dicke Zellwänne liekers Stoffee transporteert weern mütt, gifft dat dor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellgatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellgatt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellgöter</a>. Dat sünd Göter in de Zellwand, wo de Naberzellen bloß man dör en dünne Membran scheedt sünd un dör düssen Kuntakt de Stoffe man eenfack uttuuscht weern könnt.</li> <li>In de <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">Chloroplasten</a> gifft dat en kumplex System, um de <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a> vun dat <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a> for de <a href="/wiki/Photosynthese" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosynthese">Photosynthese</a> to bruken. Dor höört unner annern de gröne Farvstoff <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorophyll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorophyll (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chlorophyll</a> mit to. Lichtenergie warrt infungen (afsorbeert) un as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Druvenzucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druvenzucker (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Druvenzucker</a> (Glukose) in cheemsche Energie umwannelt. Spiekert weern kann düsse Energie denn as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starkde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starkde (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Starkde</a>.</li> <li>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakuole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakuole (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Vakuolen</a> sind Rüme in dat Zellplasma. Se sünd mit Zellssapp füllt. In düssen Ssapp könnt Farvstoffe (as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavone (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Flavone</a>), Giftstoffe (as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffein (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Coffein</a>) Duftstoffe oder noch anners wat in ween.</li> <li>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonoplast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonoplast (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Tonoplast</a> is en Membran un grenzt de Vakuole af gegen dat Plasma. Se lett bloß ganz bestimmte Stoffe dör.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_Zellen_ehre_Struktur">De Zellen ehre Struktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Ännere Afsnitt: De Zellen ehre Struktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: De Zellen ehre Struktur"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Zellen hefft en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellmembran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellmembran (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellmembran</a>. Dor speelt dat keen Rull bi, ob sik dat um Prokaryoten hannelt oder um Eukaryoten. Dör de Membran is de Zell afgrenzt vun dat Umto. Se öövt Kuntroll ut over dat, wat in de Zellen upnahmen un wat rutbrocht warrt. Up jede Siet vun de Membran gifft dat <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ionen</a> (dat sünd <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atome</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCl" title="Molekül">Moleküle</a>, de elektostaatsch upladen sünd). Se finnt sik up beide Sieten vun de Membran in unnerscheedliche Kunzentratschoon. So könnt dor cheemsche Perzesse aflopen. Vun de Zellmembran is dat <a href="/wiki/Zellplasma" title="Zellplasma">Zellplasma</a> (Zytoplasma) inslaten. All Zellen, de sik delen könnt <!—nich ALL Zellen hefft DNA, dat fehlt unner annern bi de Erythrozythen vun Minschen--> dreegt <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a> in sik. In de DNA is de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Arvinformatschoon</a> in spiekert. Bovento sitt in de Zellen <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteine</a> in. Se weert bruukt, wenn se as <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzyme</a> in de Zellen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katalyse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katalyse (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Katalyse</a> bedrievt oder Strukturen upboot. Butendem gifft dat in de Zellen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribonukleins%C3%BCer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribonukleinsüer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">RNA</a>. De is nödig to’n Herstellen vun de Proteine. </p><p>Achternah weert de wichtigsten Deele vun de Zellen kort upföhrt un beschreven: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zellmembran_–_de_Hüllen,_de_schuult"><span id="Zellmembran_.E2.80.93_de_H.C3.BCllen.2C_de_schuult"></span>Zellmembran – de Hüllen, de schuult</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Zellmembran – de Hüllen, de schuult" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zellmembran – de Hüllen, de schuult"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Um elke Zellen is en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellmembran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellmembran (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellmembran</a> umto. Se scheedt de Zellen vun allens, wat buten is un schuult ehr ok. Se besteiht sunnerlich ut en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubbellipidschicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubbellipidschicht (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Dubbellipidschicht</a> un allerhand Proteine. De maakt dat mööglich, Ione un Moleküle twuschen de Zellen un dat Umto ut to tuuschen. Se is 4 bit 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nannometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nannometer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nannometer</a> dick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zellskelett_–_de_Zellen_ehr_Gerüst"><span id="Zellskelett_.E2.80.93_de_Zellen_ehr_Ger.C3.BCst"></span>Zellskelett – de Zellen ehr Gerüst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Zellskelett – de Zellen ehr Gerüst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zellskelett – de Zellen ehr Gerüst"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellskelett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellskelett (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellskelett</a> (Zytoskelett) is en wichtigen un kumplexen Deel vun de Zellen. Ofschoonst sik de Naam anners anhöört, is dat dor tostännig for, datt de Zellen un ehre ütere Form just so leifig, as ok stebig sünd, datt se sik rögen kann un datt sik in de Zellen wat röögt. En wichtige Rull speelt dat, wenn sik de Zellen delen deit. Tolest spöört dat Zellskelett, wenn de Zellen vun buten her targt warrt un gifft dat na dat Zellbinnerst wieter. Dat Zellskelett besteiht ut Proteine. Se sorteert sik in dree grote Afdeelen, dat sünd de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofasern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrofasern (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mikrofasern</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Mikrotubulus" title="Mikrotubulus">Mikrotubuli</a> un de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermedi%C3%A4rfasern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermediärfasern (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Intermediärfasern</a>. </p><p>Datt düsse dree Elemente vun dat Zellskelett as Grundlaag in jede Zellen to finnen sünd, is de 1960er Johre rutfunnen wurrn, as dat mit den Insatz vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronenmikroskop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronenmikroskop (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Elektronenmikroskope</a> un en nee Aart vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fixeern_(Biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fixeern (Biologie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Fixeern</a> (Gluturaldehydfixeern) un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detektschoon_(Biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detektschoon (Biologie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Detektschoon</a> (Aktindekoratschoon dör Myosinkoppgruppen) mööglich weer. Sunnerlich Sabatini un Ishekawa hefft de Kennis dör ehre Arbeiden bannig voranbrocht.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Das_geneetsche_Material">Das geneetsche Material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Das geneetsche Material" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Das geneetsche Material"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dat gifft twee Aarden vun geneetschen Material in de Zellen: de Desoxyribonukleinsüern (<a href="/wiki/Engelsche_Sprake" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelsche Sprake">engelsch</a> afkört: <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a>, düütsch DNS) un de Ribonukleinsüern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">RNA</a>, düütsch RNS). Wenn Informatschonen over en lange Tied hen spiekert weern schöllt, denn bruukt de <a href="/wiki/Organismus_(Biologie)" title="Organismus (Biologie)">Organismen</a> dor DNA for. De RNA warrt faken bruukt, wenn Informatschonen wietergeven weern schöllt (u. a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRNA (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">mRNA</a>) un for Reaktschonen in de Aart vun Enzyme (u. a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=RRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RRNA (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">rRNA</a>). Bi Prokaryoten is de DNA eenfack un in sik afslaten (as „Zingel“). Dor warrt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakterienchromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakterienchromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bakterienchromosom</a> to seggt, ofschoonst sik dat bannig verscheelt vun de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chromosomen</a> in de Zellen vun Eukaryoten. In de ehre Zellen is de DNA verdeelt up allerhand Stäen: In’n Zellkarn un in de <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">Mitochondern</a> un <a href="/wiki/Plastid" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastid">Plastiden</a>. Dat sünd Zellorganellen mit Dubbelmembran. In de Mitochondern un Plastiden is de DNA as „Zingel“ ansiedelt, just as bi de Prokaryoten. In’n Zellkarn is se tohopenslaten to so nömmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chromosomen</a>. De Chromosomen ehre Tahl verscheelt sik vun <a href="/wiki/Oort_(Biologie)" title="Oort (Biologie)">Aart</a> to Aart. In de <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Minschen</a> ehre Zellen finnt sik 46 Chromosomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ribosomen_–_De_Proteinfabriken"><span id="Ribosomen_.E2.80.93_De_Proteinfabriken"></span>Ribosomen – De Proteinfabriken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Ribosomen – De Proteinfabriken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ribosomen – De Proteinfabriken"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">Ribosomen</a> gifft dat in de Zellen vun Pro- un Eukaryoten. Se bestaht ut RNA un Proteine un sünd tostännig for de Produktschoon vun Proteine ut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aminos%C3%BCer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aminosüer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Aminosüern</a>. De mRNA gifft Informatschonen over de Aart vun de Aminosüern un over de Reege, wie se to Kedenmolekülen tohopensett weern schöllt. Sunner de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteinbiosynthese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteinbiosynthese (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Proteinbiosynthese</a> löppt in de Zellen gor nix. Vundeswegen gifft dat in elke Zellen allerhand Ribosomen, to’n Deel Hunnerte oder Dusende in man een Zellen. De Döörmeter liggt bi 18 bit 20 nm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zentriolen">Zentriolen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Zentriolen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zentriolen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zentriole" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentriole">Zentriolen</a> sünd bi 170 × 500 Nanometer groot un hefft de Form vun en Zylinner. Se maakt mit bi dat Herstellen vun MTOC (Mikrotubuli-organizing centers). In düsse Centers warrt bi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mitose</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spill-Apraat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spill-Apraat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Spill-Apraat</a> tostanne brocht, de de Chromosomen scheden deit. Man he hölpt ok bi de Organisatschoon un Stabiliseern vun de Zellen in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interphase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interphase (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Interphase</a>. Zentriolen gifft dat bi de meisten Zellen vun <a href="/wiki/Deerter" title="Deerter">Deerter</a> un in de Zellen vun neddere Planten, man nich bi de högern Planten (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiospermen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiospermen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Angiospermen</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_Organellen">De Organellen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Ännere Afsnitt: De Organellen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: De Organellen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi <a href="/wiki/Veelzellers" title="Veelzellers">Veelzellers</a> sünd de Zellen tohopenfaat to <a href="/wiki/Geweev_(Biologie)" title="Geweev (Biologie)">Geweeve</a>, de sunnerliche Upgaven overnehmen könnt. Faken sünd sockse Geweeven tosamenboot to <a href="/wiki/Organ_(Biologie)" title="Organ (Biologie)">Organe</a>. So is bi den Minschen de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunge (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Lungen</a> tostännig for den Uttuusch vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6hlendioxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köhlendioxid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Köhlendioxid</a> un <a href="/wiki/Suerstoff" title="Suerstoff">Suerstoff</a>. Just so’n „Organe“ gifft dat nu, ganz lüttsch, ok in de Zellen. Vundeswegen weert se „Organellen“ nömmt, d. h. „lüttje Organe“. De finnt sik in jede Zellen bi de Eukaryoten. Bi Planten un Deerter verscheelt sik de Tahl un de Funktschoon vun de wecken Organellen to’n Deel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zellkarn_–de_Zellen_ehre_Stüerbrugge"><span id="Zellkarn_.E2.80.93de_Zellen_ehre_St.C3.BCerbrugge"></span>Zellkarn –de Zellen ehre Stüerbrugge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Zellkarn –de Zellen ehre Stüerbrugge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zellkarn –de Zellen ehre Stüerbrugge"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Zellkarn" title="Zellkarn">Zellkarn</a> is bi de Eukaryoten de Stüerbrugge vun de Zellen. Dor sitt de <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromosom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Chromosomen</a> in. Dat is de Mehrderheit vun de Gene, de en Zellen hett. Bi <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6%C3%B6gdeerter" class="mw-redirect" title="Söögdeerter">Söögdeerter</a> hett he en Döörmeter vun bi 6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9Cm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μm (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">µm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mitochondern_–_de_Kraftwarke"><span id="Mitochondern_.E2.80.93_de_Kraftwarke"></span>Mitochondern – de Kraftwarke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Mitochondern – de Kraftwarke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Mitochondern – de Kraftwarke"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">Mitochondern</a> höört to de Organellen to, de sik sülms vermehren doot. Se gifft dat bloß man in Zellen vun de Eukaryoten. Dor sitt se in unnerscheedliche Tahl in. Se hefft en egen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Genom</a>, man dor finnt sik nich all <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Gene</a> in, de vun de Mitochondern bruukt warrt. De annern Gene sitt in de Chromosomen in den Zellkarn. Vundeswegen sünd de Mitochondern „semiautonom“ (half sülvstännig). Mitochondern weert faken „de Kraftwarke vun de Zellen“ nömmt. Se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidatschoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidatschoon (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">oxideert</a> orgaansche Stoffe mit <a href="/wiki/Suerstoff" title="Suerstoff">Suerstoff</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molek%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekü (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Moleküe</a>. Dor warrt <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a> bi free un kann achternah spiekert weern in Form vun cheemsche Energie as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosintriphosphat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosintriphosphat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">ATP</a>. Se hefft en Döörmeter vun bi 0,5 bit 1,5 µm un sünd bi 0,8 bit 4 µm lang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plastiden">Plastiden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Plastiden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Plastiden"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plastiden" title="Plastiden">Plastiden</a> gifft dat bloß bi Eukaryoten, de <a href="/wiki/Photosynthese" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosynthese">Photosynthese</a> bedrieven doot. Dat sünd <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">Planten</a> un <a href="/wiki/Alge" title="Alge">Algen</a>. Just, as de Mitochondern, hefft de Plastiden ehr egen Genom un vermehrt sik sülms. Se sünd also ok semiautonom. Dat gifft verscheden Plastiden un all stammt se af vun de so nömmten „Proplastiden“. Se könnt sik sülms ummuddeln in en annere Plastidenform. De Plastide, vun de an’n meisten snackt warrt, is de <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">Chloroplast</a>. He warrt bi de Photosynthese bruukt, um mit Licht orgaansche Stoffe to produzeern. En annern is de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amyloplast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amyloplast (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Amyloplast</a>. He kann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starkde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starkde (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Starkde</a> spiekern, de bi de Photosynthese herstellt warrt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Binnenplasma-Nett_un_Golgi-Apraat">Binnenplasma-Nett un Golgi-Apraat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Binnenplasma-Nett un Golgi-Apraat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Binnenplasma-Nett un Golgi-Apraat"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Düsse beiden Organellen bestaht ut holle Rüümte mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Membran (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Membrans</a> dor umto. Se sünd bi de meisten Eukaryoten to finnen. Se arbeit eng mit’nanner tosamen. Dör dat <a href="/wiki/Binnenplasma-Nett" title="Binnenplasma-Nett">Binnenplasma-Nett</a> (BN, wetenschopplich ok: <i>Endoplasmaatsch Retikulum</i> weert cheemsche Stoffe gau transporteert. Butendem snöört dat BN bi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitose (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mitose</a> de nee Karnmembran af. Ok for allerhand annere Upgaven speelt dat en Rull. De <a href="/wiki/Proteine" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteine">Proteine</a>, de mit Hölp vun dat BN herstellt wurrn sünd, weert achternah vun’n <a href="/wiki/Golgi-Apparaat" title="Golgi-Apparaat">Golgi-Apparaat</a> „verdeelt“. In den Apparaat weert de Proteine dor eerst mol bi modifizeert, in’e Reege brocht un denn dorhen brocht, wo se hen hören doot. Proteine, de twei sünd, weert dor bi utsorteert un afboot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lysosome_un_Peroxisome_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Organellen_to’n_Verdauen"><span id="Lysosome_un_Peroxisome_.E2.80.93_de_Zellen_ehre_Organellen_to.E2.80.99n_Verdauen"></span>Lysosome un Peroxisome – de Zellen ehre Organellen to’n Verdauen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Lysosome un Peroxisome – de Zellen ehre Organellen to’n Verdauen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Lysosome un Peroxisome – de Zellen ehre Organellen to’n Verdauen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lysosom" title="Lysosom">Lysosome</a> sünd luerlüttje Zellorganellen in Eukaryoten. Dor is en Zellmembran umto. In de Lysosome gifft dat <a href="/wiki/Hydrolyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolyytsche</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enzyme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enzyme (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Enzyme</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphatase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphatase (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Phosphatasen</a> in. Ehre sunnerliche Upgave is dat, Frömdstoffe to verdauen, de de Zellen upnahmen hett. Dat maakt se dör de Enzyme. Bi Planten overnehmt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zellssappvakuole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zellssappvakuole (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zellssappvakuolen</a> de Upgaven vun de Lysosome. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peroxisom" title="Peroxisom">Peroxisome</a> (Glyooxisome in dat Spiekergeweev vun Plantensaat) weert ok „Microbodies“ nömmt. Vun de <a href="/wiki/Evolutschoon" title="Evolutschoon">Evolutschoon</a> her bekeken, sünd se unbannig ole Organellen in de Zellen vun Eukaryoten. Se sünd de Apparaate, de dat Gift in de Zellen unschäädlich maakt. In de Peroxisome gift dat bi 60 Enzyme. De weert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monooxygenase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monooxygenase (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Monooxygenasen</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidase (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Oxidasen</a> nömmt un hölpt bi den Afbo vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fetts%C3%BC%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fettsüür (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Fettsüür</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">Alkohol</a> un annere schäädliche Verbinnen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vakuole_–_de_Zellen_ehre_Spiekerorgane"><span id="Vakuole_.E2.80.93_de_Zellen_ehre_Spiekerorgane"></span>Vakuole – de Zellen ehre Spiekerorgane</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Vakuole – de Zellen ehre Spiekerorgane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vakuole – de Zellen ehre Spiekerorgane"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakuole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakuole (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Vakuolen</a> sünd grote Rüümten, sunnerlich in Plantenzellen, mit en Membran dor umto. Se könnt bit hen to 90 % vun de Zellen ehr Volumen innehmen. Ok bi Puuschendeertken (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramecium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramecium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Paramecium</a>) kaamt se vör. Se overnehmt allerhand verscheden Upgaven un hoolt den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zelldruck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zelldruck (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zelldruck</a> (Turgor) hooch, deent as Giftlager, geevt de Zellen ehre Farv, verdaut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makromolek%C3%BCl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makromolekül (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Makromoleküle</a> un scheedt Water ut (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontraktile_Vakuole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontraktile Vakuole (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kontraktile Vakuole</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zellen_as_Medizin">Zellen as Medizin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Zellen as Medizin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zellen as Medizin"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zellen un Geweeve könnt ok as Medizin for nee Therapien to’n Behanneln vun <a href="/wiki/Krankheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Krankheit">Krankheiten</a> bruukt weern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=19" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May-Britt Becker, Armin Zülch, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gruss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Gruss (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Peter Gruss</a>: <i>Von der undifferenzierten Zelle zum komplexen Organismus: Konzepte der <a href="/wiki/Ontogenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontogenie">Ontogenie</a>.</i> In: <i>Biologie in unserer Zeit.</i> Bd. 31, Nr. 2, 2001, <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=1.1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8&TRM=0045-205X">ISSN 0045-205X</a></span>, S. 88–97.</li> <li>David S. Goodsell: <i>Wie Zellen funktionieren. Wirtschaft und Produktion in der molekularen Welt.</i> 2. Uplage. Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Heidelbarg 2010, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-S%C3%B6%C3%B6k/9783827424532" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8274-2453-2</a>.</li> <li>Friedrich Marks: <i>Datenverarbeitung durch Proteinnetzwerke: Das Gehirn der Zelle.</i> In: <i>Biologie in unserer Zeit.</i> Bd. 34, Nr. 3, 2004, S. 159–168.</li> <li>Sabine Schmitz: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Experimentator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Der Experimentator (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Der Experimentator. Zellkultur</a>.</i> Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, München 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-S%C3%B6%C3%B6k/9783827415646" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8274-1564-6</a>.</li> <li>Sven P. Thoms: <i>Ursprung des Lebens</i> (= <i>Fischer</i> 16128 <i>Fischer-kompakt</i>). Fischer, Frankfort an‘n Main 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-S%C3%B6%C3%B6k/3596161282" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-596-16128-2</a>.</li> <li>Joachim Ude, Michael Koch: <i>Die Zelle. Atlas der Ultrastruktur.</i> 3. Uplage. Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Heidelbarg u. a. 2002, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-S%C3%B6%C3%B6k/3827411734" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8274-1173-4</a>.</li> <li>Klaus Werner Wolf, Konrad Joachim Böhm: <i>Organisation von Mikrotubuli in der Zelle.</i> In: <i>Biologie in unserer Zeit.</i> Bd. 27, Nr. 2, 1997, S. 87–95.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblenken">Weblenken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Weblenken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=20" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblenken"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology?uselang=nds">Zellbiologie</a></span></b>. Mehr Biller, Videos oder Audiodateien to’t Thema gifft dat bi <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>. </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zytologie-online.netWie">de Zellen upboot is un wie se funktschoneren deit</a> – Grafik to all Organellen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecell.ch">Wie de Zell upoot is un wie se funktschoneert</a> –mit virtuell Zellmodelle, Lernvideos un Tests</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMZelle.html">Elektronenmikroskoopsche Originalbiller vun de Zellorganellen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cellsalive.com/">Cells Alive!</a> – Allerhand Biller, Filme etc., up Engelsch, hett en Pries kregen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/">Inside the Cell (a science education booklet)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belege">Belege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Belege" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&action=edit&section=21" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Belege"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. J. Alexopoulos, C. W. Mims, M. Blackwell: <i>Introductory Mycology</i>. John Wiley and Sons, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-S%C3%B6%C3%B6k/0471522295" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-52229-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Lomako, W. M. Lomako, W. J. Whelan: <i>Glycogenin: the primer for mammalian and yeast glycogen synthesis.</i> In: <i>Biochim. Biophys. Acta.</i>, Band 1673, 2004, S. 45–55 (<a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238248?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15238248</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabatini et al., 1963 J. Cell Biol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ishikawa et al., 1968 J. Cell Biol.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Vun „<a dir="ltr" href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&oldid=1018035">https://nds.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zell_(Biologie)&oldid=1018035</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Genetik" title="Kategorie:Genetik">Genetik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Zellbiologie" title="Kategorie:Zellbiologie">Zellbiologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Histologie" title="Kategorie:Histologie">Histologie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verstekene Kategorien: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Seiten,_die_magische_ISBN-Links_verwenden" title="Kategorie:Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden">Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Seiten,_die_magische_PMID-Links_verwenden" title="Kategorie:Seiten, die magische PMID-Links verwenden">Seiten, die magische PMID-Links verwenden</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Disse Siet is toletzt üm 18:04, 23. 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