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Kazi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Salim Newaz Kazi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Salim Newaz Kazi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Salim Newaz Kazi" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Salim Newaz Kazi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 162</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Salim Newaz Kazi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Acacia mangium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Gharehkhani">Samira Gharehkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Farid%20Seyed%20Shirazi"> Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Gharehkhani"> Abdolreza Gharehkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Yarmand"> Hooman Yarmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Badarudin"> Ahmad Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rushdan%20Ibrahim"> Rushdan Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Newaz%20Kazi"> Salim Newaz Kazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were prepared by acid hydrolysis and ultrasound treatment of bleached Acacia mangium fibers. The obtained rod-shaped nanocrystals showed a uniform size. The results showed that NCC with high crystallinity can be obtained using 64 wt% sulfuric acid. The effect of synthesis condition was investigated. Different reaction times were examined to produce the NCC and the results revealed that an optimum reaction time has to be used for preparing the NCC. Morphological investigation was performed using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity increased with successive treatments. The NCC suspension was homogeneous and stable and no sedimentation was observed for a long time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20hydrolysis" title="acid hydrolysis">acid hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title=" nanocrystalline cellulose"> nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20material" title=" nano material"> nano material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41502/preparation-and-characterization-of-nanocrystalline-cellulose-from-acacia-mangium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Thermophysical and Heat Transfer Performance of Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet-Based Water Nanofluids in an Annular Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20K.%20Arzani">Hamed K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Amiri"> Ahmad Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20K.%20Arzani"> Hamid K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Newaz%20Kazi"> Salim Newaz Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Badarudin"> Ahmad Badarudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new design of heat exchangers utilizing an annular distributor opens a new gateway for realizing higher energy optimization. To realize this goal, graphene nanoplatelet-based water nanofluids with promising thermophysical properties were synthesized in the presence of covalent and noncovalent functionalization. Thermal conductivity, density, viscosity and specific heat capacity were investigated and employed as a raw data for ANSYS-Fluent to be used in two-phase approach. After validation of obtained results by analytical equations, two special parameters of convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were investigated. The study followed by studying other heat transfer parameters of annular pass in the presence of graphene nanopletelesbased water nanofluids at different weight concentrations, input powers and temperatures. As a result, heat transfer performance and friction loss are predicted for both synthesized nanofluids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection%20flow" title=" forced convection flow"> forced convection flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanoplatelet" title=" graphene nanoplatelet"> graphene nanoplatelet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44845/thermophysical-and-heat-transfer-performance-of-covalent-and-noncovalent-functionalized-graphene-nanoplatelet-based-water-nanofluids-in-an-annular-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Thermophysical Properties of Water-Based Carboxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Nanofluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Amiri">Ahmad Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Khajeh%20Arzani"> Hamed Khajeh Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Salim%20Newaz%20Kazi"> Md. Salim Newaz Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bee%20Teng%20Chew"> Bee Teng Chew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obviously, the behavior of thermophysical properties of covalently functionalized MWNT-based water nanoﬂuids cannot be predicted from the predicted models. We present a study of the speciﬁc heat capacity, effective thermal conductivity, density and viscosity of coolants containing functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT-COOH) with carboxyl groups at different temperatures. After synthesizing of MWNT-COOH-based water, measurements on the prepared coolants were made at various concentrations by different experimental methods. While thermal conductivity of nanofluids illustrated a significant increase, the speciﬁc heat capacity of the samples showed a downward behavior with increasing temperature. The viscosity was investigated in different shear rates and temperatures. Interestingly, the speciﬁc heat capacity of all prepared nanofluids was decreased with increasing concentration. Also, the density of the MWNT-COOH-based water nanofluids increased and decreased smoothly with increasing MWNT-COOH concentration and temperature, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coolant" title=" coolant"> coolant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20capacity" title=" heat capacity"> heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54670/thermophysical-properties-of-water-based-carboxylated-multi-wall-carbon-nanotubes-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics on Copper Surface with Laser-Textured Stepped Microstructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the rapid advancement of integrated circuits and the increasing trend towards miniaturizing electronic devices, the amount of heat produced by electronic devices has consistently exceeded the maximum limit for heat dissipation. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-textured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-textured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20texturing" title=" laser texturing"> laser texturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165865/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-characteristics-on-copper-surface-with-laser-textured-stepped-microstructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but finding the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163989/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions, and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165129/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md.%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md. Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser-machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165173/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Experimental Study of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics on Laser-Processed Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the fast growth of integrated circuits and the trend towards making electronic devices smaller, the heat dissipation load of electronic devices has continued to go over the limit. The high heat flux element would not only harm the operation and lifetime of the equipment but would also impede the performance upgrade brought about by the iteration of technological updates, which would have a direct negative impact on the economic and production cost benefits of rising industries. Hence, in high-tech industries like radar, information and communication, electromagnetic power, and aerospace, the development and implementation of effective heat dissipation technologies were urgently required. Pool boiling is favored over other cooling methods because of its capacity to dissipate a high heat flux at a low wall superheat without the usage of mechanical components. Enhancing the pool boiling performance by increasing the heat transfer coefficient via surface modification techniques has received a lot of attention. There are several surface modification methods feasible today, but the stability and durability of surface modification are the greatest priority. Thus, laser machining is an interesting choice for surface modification due to its low production cost, high scalability, and repeatability. In this study, different patterns of laser-processed copper surfaces are fabricated to investigate the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of distilled water. The investigation showed that there is a significant enhancement in the pool boiling heat transfer performance of the laser-processed surface compared to the reference surface due to the notable increase in nucleation frequency and nucleation site density. It was discovered that the heat transfer coefficients increased when both the surface area ratio and the ratio of peak-to-valley height of the microstructure were raised. It is believed that the development of microstructures on the surface as a result of laser processing is the primary factor in the enhancement of heat transfer performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20processing" title=" laser processing"> laser processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163991/experimental-study-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-characteristics-on-laser-processed-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> An Approach to Apply Kernel Density Estimation Tool for Crash Prone Location Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md.%20Shifun%20Newaz">Kazi Md. Shifun Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Miaji"> S. Miaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahnewaz%20Hazanat-E-Rabbi"> Shahnewaz Hazanat-E-Rabbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the kernel density estimation tool has been used to identify most crash prone locations in a national highway of Bangladesh. Like other developing countries, in Bangladesh road traffic crashes (RTC) have now become a great social alarm and the situation is deteriorating day by day. Today’s black spot identification process is not based on modern technical tools and most of the cases provide wrong output. In this situation, characteristic analysis and black spot identification by spatial analysis would be an effective and low cost approach in ensuring road safety. The methodology of this study incorporates a framework on the basis of spatial-temporal study to identify most RTC occurrence locations. In this study, a very important and economic corridor like Dhaka to Sylhet highway has been chosen to apply the method. This research proposes that KDE method for identification of Hazardous Road Location (HRL) could be used for all other National highways in Bangladesh and also for other developing countries. Some recommendations have been suggested for policy maker to reduce RTC in Dhaka-Sylhet especially in black spots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazardous%20road%20location%20%28HRL%29" title="hazardous road location (HRL)">hazardous road location (HRL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crash" title=" crash"> crash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20density" title=" kernel density"> kernel density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43744/an-approach-to-apply-kernel-density-estimation-tool-for-crash-prone-location-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Navigating Cyber Attacks with Quantum Computing: Leveraging Vulnerabilities and Forensics for Advanced Penetration Testing in Cybersecurity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayor%20Ajfar%20Aaron">Sayor Ajfar Aaron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashif%20Newaz"> Ashif Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjat%20Hossain%20Abir"> Sajjat Hossain Abir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushfiqur%20Rahman"> Mushfiqur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the transformative potential of quantum computing in the field of cybersecurity, with a focus on advanced penetration testing and forensics. It explores how quantum technologies can be leveraged to identify and exploit vulnerabilities more efficiently than traditional methods and how they can enhance the forensic analysis of cyber-attacks. Through theoretical analysis and practical simulations, this study highlights the enhanced capabilities of quantum algorithms in detecting and responding to sophisticated cyber threats, providing a pathway for developing more resilient cybersecurity infrastructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title="cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20forensics" title=" cyber forensics"> cyber forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20testing" title=" penetration testing"> penetration testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20computing" title=" quantum computing"> quantum computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185867/navigating-cyber-attacks-with-quantum-computing-leveraging-vulnerabilities-and-forensics-for-advanced-penetration-testing-in-cybersecurity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> The Synergistic Effects of Blockchain and AI on Enhancing Data Integrity and Decision-Making Accuracy in Smart Contracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayor%20Ajfar%20Aaron">Sayor Ajfar Aaron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjat%20Hossain%20Abir"> Sajjat Hossain Abir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashif%20Newaz"> Ashif Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushfiqur%20Rahman"> Mushfiqur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigating the convergence of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence, this paper examines their synergistic effects on data integrity and decision-making within smart contracts. By implementing AI-driven analytics on blockchain-based platforms, the research identifies improvements in automated contract enforcement and decision accuracy. The paper presents a framework that leverages AI to enhance transparency and trust while blockchain ensures immutable record-keeping, culminating in significantly optimized operational efficiencies in various industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20integrity" title=" data integrity"> data integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20contracts" title=" smart contracts"> smart contracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185868/the-synergistic-effects-of-blockchain-and-ai-on-enhancing-data-integrity-and-decision-making-accuracy-in-smart-contracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Developing an AI-Driven Application for Real-Time Emotion Recognition from Human Vocal Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayor%20Ajfar%20Aaron">Sayor Ajfar Aaron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushfiqur%20Rahman"> Mushfiqur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjat%20Hossain%20Abir"> Sajjat Hossain Abir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashif%20Newaz"> Ashif Newaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study delves into the development of an artificial intelligence application designed for real-time emotion recognition from human vocal patterns. Utilizing advanced machine learning algorithms, including deep learning and neural networks, the paper highlights both the technical challenges and potential opportunities in accurately interpreting emotional cues from speech. Key findings demonstrate the critical role of diverse training datasets and the impact of ambient noise on recognition accuracy, offering insights into future directions for improving robustness and applicability in real-world scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20recognition" title=" emotion recognition"> emotion recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocal%20patterns" title=" vocal patterns"> vocal patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185846/developing-an-ai-driven-application-for-real-time-emotion-recognition-from-human-vocal-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Adaptive Thermal Comfort Model for Air-Conditioned Lecture Halls in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20T.%20Chew">B. T. Chew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amiri"> A. Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an adaptive thermal comfort model study in the tropical country of Malaysia. A number of researchers have been interested in applying the adaptive thermal comfort model to different climates throughout the world, but so far no study has been performed in Malaysia. For the use as a thermal comfort model, which better applies to hot and humid climates, the adaptive thermal comfort model was developed as part of this research by using the collected results from a large field study in six lecture halls with 178 students. The relationship between the operative temperature and behavioral adaptations was determined. In the developed adaptive model, the acceptable indoor neutral temperatures lay within the range of 23.9-26.0 oC, with outdoor temperatures ranging between 27.0–34.6oC. The most comfortable temperature for students in the lecture hall was 25.7 oC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20and%20humid" title="hot and humid">hot and humid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecture%20halls" title=" lecture halls"> lecture halls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20temperature" title=" neutral temperature"> neutral temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20thermal%20comfort%20model" title=" adaptive thermal comfort model"> adaptive thermal comfort model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15160/adaptive-thermal-comfort-model-for-air-conditioned-lecture-halls-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Valorization of Argan Residuals for the Treatment of Industrial Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Ahmed">Salim Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to recover a natural residue in the form of activated carbon prepared from Moroccan "argan pits and date pits" plant waste. After preparing the raw material for manufacture, the carbon was carbonised at 300°C and chemically activated with phosphoric acid of purity 85. The various characterisation results (moisture and ash content, specific surface area, pore volume, etc.) showed that the carbons obtained are comparable to those manufactured industrially and could therefore be tested, for example, in water treatment processes and especially for the depollution of effluents used in the agri-food and textile industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argan" title=" argan"> argan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171094/valorization-of-argan-residuals-for-the-treatment-of-industrial-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Study of the Nanostructured Fe₅₀Cr₃₅Ni₁₅ Powder Alloy Developed by Mechanical Alloying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Triaa">Salim Triaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fella%20Kali-Ali"> Fella Kali-Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanostructured Fe₅₀Cr3₃₅Ni₁₅ alloys were prepared from pure elemental powders using high energy mechanical alloying. The mixture powders obtained are characterized by several techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis revelated the formation of the Fe₁Cr₁ compound with BBC structure after one hour of milling. A second compound Fe₃Ni₂ with FCC structure was observed after 12 hours of milling. The size of crystallite determined by Williamson Hall method was about 5.1 nm after 48h of mill. SEM observations confirmed the growth of crushed particles as a function of milling time, while the homogenization of our powders into different constituent elements was verified by the EDX analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Cr-Ni%20alloy" title="Fe-Cr-Ni alloy">Fe-Cr-Ni alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20alloying" title=" mechanical alloying"> mechanical alloying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101771/study-of-the-nanostructured-fe50cr35ni15-powder-alloy-developed-by-mechanical-alloying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> SOTM: A New Cooperation Based Trust Management System for VANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Ltifi">Amel Ltifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Zouinkhi"> Ahmed Zouinkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Salim%20Bouhlel"> Mohamed Salim Bouhlel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Security and trust management in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET) is a crucial research domain which is the scope of many researches and domains. Although, the majority of the proposed trust management systems for VANET are based on specific road infrastructure, which may not be present in all the roads. Therefore, road security should be managed by vehicles themselves. In this paper, we propose a new Self Organized Trust Management system (SOTM). This system has the responsibility to cut with the spread of false warnings in the network through four principal components: cooperation, trust management, communication and security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ative%20vehicle" title="ative vehicle">ative vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust%20management" title=" trust management"> trust management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42267/sotm-a-new-cooperation-based-trust-management-system-for-vanet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Exhaustive Study of Essential Constraint Satisfaction Problem Techniques Based on N-Queens Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Ahsan%20Ayub">Md. Ahsan Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20A.%20Kalpoma"> Kazi A. Kalpoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20Tasnim%20Proma"> Humaira Tasnim Proma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Mehrab%20Kabir"> Syed Mehrab Kabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakib%20Ibna%20Hamid%20Chowdhury"> Rakib Ibna Hamid Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is observed in various applications, i.e., scheduling problems, timetabling problems, assignment problems, etc. Researchers adopt a CSP technique to tackle a certain problem; however, each technique follows different approaches and ways to solve a problem network. In our exhaustive study, it has been possible to visualize the processes of essential CSP algorithms from a very concrete constraint satisfaction example, NQueens Problem, in order to possess a deep understanding about how a particular constraint satisfaction problem will be dealt with by our studied and implemented techniques. Besides, benchmark results - time vs. value of N in N-Queens - have been generated from our implemented approaches, which help understand at what factor each algorithm produces solutions; especially, in N-Queens puzzle. Thus, extended decisions can be made to instantiate a real life problem within CSP’s framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20consistency%20%28AC%29" title="arc consistency (AC)">arc consistency (AC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backjumping%20algorithm%20%28BJ%29" title=" backjumping algorithm (BJ)"> backjumping algorithm (BJ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backtracking%20algorithm%20%28BT%29" title=" backtracking algorithm (BT)"> backtracking algorithm (BT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constraint%20satisfaction%20problem%20%28CSP%29" title=" constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)"> constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20checking%20%28FC%29" title=" forward checking (FC)"> forward checking (FC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20constrained%20values%20%28LCV%29" title=" least constrained values (LCV)"> least constrained values (LCV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintaining%20arc%20consistency%20%28MAC%29" title=" maintaining arc consistency (MAC)"> maintaining arc consistency (MAC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20remaining%20values%20%28MRV%29" title=" minimum remaining values (MRV)"> minimum remaining values (MRV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-Queens%20problem" title=" N-Queens problem"> N-Queens problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69933/exhaustive-study-of-essential-constraint-satisfaction-problem-techniques-based-on-n-queens-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Preparation of Nanophotonics LiNbO3 Thin Films and Studying Their Morphological and Structural Properties by Sol-Gel Method for Waveguide Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fakhri%20Makram">A. Fakhri Makram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20S.%20Alwazni"> Marwa S. Alwazni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Douri%20Yarub"> Al-Douri Yarub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evan%20T.%20Salim"> Evan T. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashim%20Uda"> Hashim Uda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20C.%20Woei"> Chin C. Woei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) nanostructures are prepared on quartz substrate by the sol-gel method. They have been deposited with different molarity concentration and annealed at 500°C. These samples are characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The measured results showed an importance increasing in molarity concentrations that indicate the structure starts to become crystal, regular, homogeneous, well crystal distributed, which made it more suitable for optical waveguide application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20niobate" title="lithium niobate">lithium niobate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20properties" title=" morphological properties"> morphological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pechini%20method" title=" pechini method"> pechini method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43296/preparation-of-nanophotonics-linbo3-thin-films-and-studying-their-morphological-and-structural-properties-by-sol-gel-method-for-waveguide-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Numerical Study of Developing Laminar Forced Convection Flow of Water/CuO Nanofluid in a Circular Tube with a 180 Degrees Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20K.%20Arzani">Hamed K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20K.%20Arzani"> Hamid K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.N.%20Kazi"> S.N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical investigation into convective heat transfer of CuO-Water based nanofluid in a pipe with return bend under laminar flow conditions has been done. The impacts of Reynolds number and the volume concentration of nanoparticles on the flow and the convective heat transfer behaviour are investigated. The results indicate that the increase in Reynolds number leads to the enhancement of average Nusselt number, and the increase in specific heat in the presence of the nanofluid results in improvement in heat transfer. Also, the presence of the secondary flow in the curve plays a key role in increasing the average Nusselt number and it appears higher than the inlet and outlet tubes. However, the pressure drop curve increases significantly in the tubes with the increase in nanoparticles concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20forced%20convection" title="laminar forced convection">laminar forced convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve%20pipe" title=" curve pipe"> curve pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20bend" title=" return bend"> return bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanufluid" title=" nanufluid"> nanufluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51028/numerical-study-of-developing-laminar-forced-convection-flow-of-watercuo-nanofluid-in-a-circular-tube-with-a-180-degrees-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Smart Trust Management for Vehicular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Ltifi">Amel Ltifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Zouinkhi"> Ahmed Zouinkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Med%20Salim%20Bouhlel"> Med Salim Bouhlel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spontaneous networks such as VANET are in general deployed in an open and thus easily accessible environment. Therefore, they are vulnerable to attacks. Trust management is one of a set of security solutions dedicated to this type of networks. Moreover, the strong mobility of the nodes (in the case of VANET) makes the establishment of a trust management system complex. In this paper, we present a concept of ‘Active Vehicle’ which means an autonomous vehicle that is able to make decision about trustworthiness of alert messages transmitted about road accidents. The behavior of an “Active Vehicle” is modeled using Petri Nets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20vehicle" title="active vehicle">active vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petri%20nets" title=" petri nets"> petri nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust%20management" title=" trust management"> trust management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51762/smart-trust-management-for-vehicular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Effect of Oyster Mushroom on Biodegradation of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Saidu">Mohammed Saidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afiz%20Busari"> Afiz Busari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Yuzir"> Ali Yuzir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Razman%20Salim"> Mohd Razman Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation of agricultural residues from palm oil industry is increasing due to its expansion. Lignocelloulosic waste from these industry represent large amount of unutilized resources, this is due to their high lignin content. Since, white rot fungi are capable of degrading the lignin, its potential to degradation was accessed for upgrading it. The lignocellluloses content was measured before and after biodegradation and the rate of reduction was determined. From the results of biodegradation, it was observed that hemicellulose reduces by 22.62%, cellulose by 20.97% and lignin by 10.65% from the initials lignocelluloses contents. Thus, to improve the digestibility of palm oil mesocarp fibre, treatment by white rot-fungi is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological" title="biological">biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocelluses" title=" lignocelluses"> lignocelluses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm" title=" oil palm"> oil palm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38517/effect-of-oyster-mushroom-on-biodegradation-of-oil-palm-mesocarp-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Critical Evaluation of the Effects of Conditionalities and Structural Adjustments on the Poor and Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Rafikoddin">Kazi Rafikoddin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conditionality refers to a precondition for getting external funds from IMF or WB by giving consent for implementation of the program of economic or political reforms especially relating to open economies. These are put forth under the label of structural adjustment. It is a kind of challenge on the part of borrowing government to exercise balance between the domestic obligations and the expectations of external funding agencies. Countries have to take loans under certain criteria and regulations because better loans are often not readily available. Therefore taking loans and renewing them to pay the same with new interest rates and conditions makes the governments entangled in the circle of debt. They are forced to compete with well-established multinational companies. If their access to industrialized countries' markets is impaired through protectionism, the developed world will be condemning the indebted nations to perpetual financial crisis. On the other hand, the ability to sell their goods free in the world market is reduced through the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes. Although there are examples of positive effects on certain economies like India, some Third World, and poor countries have experienced the ire of these remedies. This paper tries to find out the effects of SAPs on some borrowing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMF" title="IMF">IMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20bank" title=" world bank"> world bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditionalities" title=" conditionalities"> conditionalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAPs" title=" SAPs"> SAPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Third%20World%20Countries" title=" Third World Countries"> Third World Countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75928/critical-evaluation-of-the-effects-of-conditionalities-and-structural-adjustments-on-the-poor-and-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Heat Transfer and Turbulent Fluid Flow over Vertical Double Forward-Facing Step</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulrazzaq">Tuqa Abdulrazzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Togun"> Hussein Togun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin"> M. K. A. Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Adam"> N. M. Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Masuri"> S. Masuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical study of heat transfer and fluid flow over vertical double forward facing step were presented. The k-w model with finite volume method was employed to solve continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Different step heights were adopted for range of Reynolds number varied from 10000 to 40000, and range of temperature varied from 310K to 340 K. The straight side of duct is insulated while the side of double forward facing step is heated. The result shows augmentation of heat transfer due to the recirculation region created after and before steps. Effect of step length and Reynolds number observed on increase of local Nusselt number particularly at recirculation regions. Contour of streamline velocity is plotted to show recirculation regions after and before steps. Numerical simulation in this paper done by used ANSYS Fluent 14. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title="turbulent flow">turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20forward" title=" double forward"> double forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20flow" title=" separation flow"> separation flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5255/heat-transfer-and-turbulent-fluid-flow-over-vertical-double-forward-facing-step" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Disaster Probability Analysis of Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge for Train Accidents and Its Socio-Economic Impact on Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Uddin">Shahab Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20M.%20Uddin"> Kazi M. Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamamah%20Sadiqa"> Hamamah Sadiqa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge (BMB), the 11th longest bridge in the world was constructed in 1998 aimed at contributing to promote economic development in Bangladesh. In recent years, however, the high incidence of traffic accidents and injuries at the bridge sites looms as a great safety concern. Investigation into the derailment of nine bogies out of thirteen of Dinajpur-bound intercity train ‘Drutajan Express ’were derailed and inclined on the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge on 28 April 2014. The train accident in Bridge will be deep concern for both structural safety of bridge and people than other vehicles accident. In this study we analyzed the disaster probability of the Banghabandhu Multipurpose Bridge for accidents by checking the fitness of Bridge structure. We found that train accident impact is more risky than other vehicles accidents. We also found that socio-economic impact on Bangladesh will be deep concerned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train%20accident" title="train accident">train accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derailment" title=" derailment"> derailment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster" title=" disaster"> disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60020/disaster-probability-analysis-of-banghabandhu-multipurpose-bridge-for-train-accidents-and-its-socio-economic-impact-on-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Structural and Leaching Properties of Irradiated Lead Commercial Glass by Using XRD, Ultrasonic, UV-VIS and AAS Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Alias">N. H. Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Aziz"> S. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdullah"> Y. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Kamari"> H. M. Kamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sani"> S. Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Ismail"> M. P. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20U.%20Saidin"> N. U. Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20A.%20Salim"> N. A. A. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20E.%20E.%20Abdullah"> N. E. E. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gamma (γ) irradiation study has been investigated on the 6 rectangular shape of the standard X-Ray lead glass with 5/16” thick, providing 2.00 mm lead shielding value; at selected Sievert doses (C1; 0, C2; 0.07, C3; 0.035, C4; 0.07, C5; 0.105 and C6; 0.14) by using (XRD) X-ray Diffraction techniques, ultrasonic and (UV-VIS) Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. Concentration of lead in 0.5 N acid nitric (HNO3) environments is then studied by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as to observe the glass corrosion behavior after irradiation at room temperature. This type of commercial glass is commonly used as radiation shielding glass in medical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title="gamma irradiation">gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20glass" title=" lead glass"> lead glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural" title=" structural"> structural</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41896/structural-and-leaching-properties-of-irradiated-lead-commercial-glass-by-using-xrd-ultrasonic-uv-vis-and-aas-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Multi-Scale Modelling of Thermal Wrinkling of Thin Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Belouettar">Salim Belouettar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kodjo%20Attipou"> Kodjo Attipou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal wrinkling behavior of thin membranes is investigated. The Fourier double scale series are used to deduce the macroscopic membrane wrinkling equations. The obtained equations account for the global and local wrinkling modes. Numerical examples are conducted to assess the validity of the approach developed. Compared to the finite element full model, the present model needs only few degrees of freedom to recover accurately the bifurcation curves and wrinkling paths. Different parameters such as membrane’s aspect ratio, wave number, pre-stressed membranes are discussed from a numerical point of view and the properties of the wrinkles (critical load, wavelength, size and location) are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wrinkling" title="wrinkling">wrinkling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stresses" title=" thermal stresses"> thermal stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fourier%20series" title=" Fourier series"> Fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20membranes" title=" thin membranes"> thin membranes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17997/multi-scale-modelling-of-thermal-wrinkling-of-thin-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> NABERS Indoor Environment - a Rating Tool to Benchmark the IEQ of Australian Office Commercial Buildings </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Hossain">Kazi Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) is the key industry standard for measuring and benchmarking environmental performance of existing buildings in Australia. Developed and run by the New South Wales government, NABERS measures the operational efficiency of different types of buildings by using a set of tools that provide an easy to understand graphical rating outcome ranged from 0 to 6 stars. This set of tools also include a tool called NABERS IE which enables tenants or building managers to benchmark their buildings indoor environment quality against the national market. Launched in 2009, the number NABERS IE ratings have steadily increased from 10 certified ratings in 2011 to 43 in 2013. However there is a massive uptake of over 50 ratings alone in 2014 making the number of ratings to reach over 100. This paper outlines the methodology used to create this tool, a statistical overview of the tool, and the driving factor that motivates the building owners and managers to use this tool every year to rate their buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acoustic%20comfort" title="Acoustic comfort">Acoustic comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indoor%20air%20quality" title=" Indoor air quality"> Indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indoor%20Environment" title=" Indoor Environment"> Indoor Environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NABERS" title=" NABERS"> NABERS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20Australian%20Built%20Environment%20Rating%20System" title=" National Australian Built Environment Rating System"> National Australian Built Environment Rating System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Performance%20rating" title=" Performance rating"> Performance rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rating%20System" title=" Rating System"> Rating System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thermal%20comfort" title=" Thermal comfort"> Thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ventilation%20effectiveness" title=" Ventilation effectiveness"> Ventilation effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Visual%20comfort." title=" Visual comfort."> Visual comfort.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20778/nabers-indoor-environment-a-rating-tool-to-benchmark-the-ieq-of-australian-office-commercial-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Numerical Heat Transfer Performance of Water-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Amiri">Ahmad Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20K.%20Arzani"> Hamed K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20T.%20Chew"> B. T. Chew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) is a promising material due to desirable thermal properties, this paper is related to the thermophysical and heat transfer performance of covalently functionalized GNP-based water/ethylene glycol nanofluid through an annular channel. After experimentally measuring thermophysical properties of prepared samples, a computational fluid dynamics study has been carried out to examine the heat transfer and pressure drop of well-dispersed and stabilized nanofluids. The effect of concentration of GNP and Reynolds number at constant wall temperature boundary condition under turbulent flow regime on convective heat transfer coefficient has been investigated. Based on the results, for different Reynolds numbers, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the prepared nanofluid is higher than that of the base fluid. Also, the enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity increase with the increase of GNP concentration in base-fluid. Based on the results of this investigation, there is a significant enhancement on the heat transfer rate associated with loading well-dispersed GNP in base-fluid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title="nanofluid">nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection%20flow" title=" forced convection flow"> forced convection flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annular" title=" annular"> annular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annulus" title=" annulus"> annulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54948/numerical-heat-transfer-performance-of-water-based-graphene-nanoplatelets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> The Role of Gastric Decompression on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Orthognathic Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minna%20Salim">Minna Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Brady"> James Brady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postoperative nausea and pain (PONV) are adverse effects following surgical procedures. It is especially pronounced in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, as their mouth is closed postoperatively using wires or rubber bands. Postoperative mouth closure increases the discomfort and risk of complications associated with nausea and vomiting. Many surgeons and institutions apply gastric decompression in hopes of aspirating stomach contents and, therefore, decreasing PONV incidence. This review observed that PONV incidence was not affected by gastric decompression overall. However, the effect of gastric decompression on PONV in orthognathic surgery was variable. This paper aims to summarize the findings of gastric decompression on PONV and to determine the need for it in orthognathic surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20decompression" title="gastric decompression">gastric decompression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasogastric%20tube" title=" nasogastric tube"> nasogastric tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthognathic%20surgery" title=" orthognathic surgery"> orthognathic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20nausea" title=" postoperative nausea"> postoperative nausea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vomiting" title=" vomiting"> vomiting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169720/the-role-of-gastric-decompression-on-postoperative-nausea-and-vomiting-in-orthognathic-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Laminar Flow over a Backward Facing Step with and without Obstacle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Togun">Hussein Togun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulrazzaq"> Tuqa Abdulrazzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin"> M. K. A. Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20M.%20Zubir"> M. N. M. Zubir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer and laminar fluid flow over backward facing step with and without obstacle numerically studied in this paper. The finite volume method adopted to solve continuity, momentum and energy equations in two dimensions. Backward facing step without obstacle and with different dimension of obstacle were presented. The step height and expansion ratio of channel were 4.8mm and 2 respectively, the range of Reynolds number varied from 75 to 225, constant heat flux subjected on downstream of wall was 2000W/m2, and length of obstacle was 1.5, 3, and 4.5mm with width 1.5mm. The separation length noticed increase with increase Reynolds number and height of obstacle. The result shows increase of heat transfer coefficient for backward facing step with obstacle in compared to those without obstacle. The maximum enhancement of heat transfer observed at 4.5mm of height obstacle due to increase recirculation flow after the obstacle in addition that at backward. Streamline of velocity showing the increase of recirculation region with used obstacle in compared without obstacle and highest recirculation region observed at obstacle height 4.5mm. The amount of enhancement heat transfer was varied between 3-5% compared to backward without obstacle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20flow" title="separation flow">separation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20facing%20step" title=" backward facing step"> backward facing step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20flow" title=" laminar flow"> laminar flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5254/numerical-study-of-heat-transfer-and-laminar-flow-over-a-backward-facing-step-with-and-without-obstacle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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