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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>EcoProIT</b> is a project initiated at <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers University of Technology</a> at the department of Product and Production Development. The project aims to provide production engineers a tool for detailed <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">ecological footprint</a> analyses, which are becoming more important in terms of marketing and legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Haanaes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haanaes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A published report by <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in 2011 showed companies thought that environmental sustainable strategy is, or will be, vital to be competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-Haanaes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haanaes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report included many sectors, e.g. covering medicals, automobiles and consumer products. EcoProIT will design a tool for industrial applications used for detailed environmental footprint analyses of their production systems and the products produced using simulation. The tool will simulate the production and analyze the product's environmental footprint in a standardized way. It will also be possible to use the tool for bench marking between different sites. The aim for the tool puts high requirements on standardized methods and data management. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vision_-_Tool_usage">Vision - Tool usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vision - Tool usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vision of the usage of EcoProIT is important. Company A, who is a big and important stakeholder, is the main user of the tool in Figure 1. They require their close supplier partner to use the same tool. Company A and supplier A and B then set up an internal connection of their tools. The connection makes the input information for Company A up to date for every use. Company A also sets up a connection to their close partners that buy or distribute Company A's products. It will then be possible to give a good estimation of the impact total specific distribution chain that will be up to data. The information can be used to inform the end users about total costs for the production data. The up to date chain gives a possibility to show the consumers that the company makes progress in lowering the environmental impact. Every improvement is delivered directly to the customers, and the new marketing possibility show what the production department is doing for the environment. </p><p>All information that is produced by the tool should be able to be uploaded to the central EcoProIT Database that stores it in a standardized way to be able to be used by other companies. The tool is also connected to other LCA databases to be able to use as input for the raw materials used in the production. Figure 1 shows a schematic view on how the system could be connected. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecoproitvision.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="EcoProIT Vision" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ecoproitvision.png/400px-Ecoproitvision.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ecoproitvision.png/600px-Ecoproitvision.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ecoproitvision.png 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Figure 1: Concept map of the future use of the tool</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_Activity-Based_Costing">Environmental Activity-Based Costing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Environmental Activity-Based Costing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an approach to calculation of the impact, <a href="/wiki/Activity-based_costing" title="Activity-based costing">activity-based costing</a> (ABC) will be used for calculations of environmental costs. Emblemssvåg and Bras<sup id="cite_ref-emb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worked and analyzed the ABC as a method for environmental analyses. The method substitutes the cost for the production in money with an environmental emission, e.g. <a href="/wiki/CO2" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2">CO</a><sub>2</sub> emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-emb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emissions are measured and calculated from the energy and resources used. Then the emissions are allocated to the different products produced using the resources in the model. </p><p>The problems with ABC is that it requires a lot of data for a qualitative and accurate allocation of the cost from the resources. This is why the method fits well into a DES model. During a run In a DES environment it is easy to grab lot of detailed results needed for accurate allocation. The problem is that DES require a lot of initial effort to build the model. The approach to analyze environmental impact in a DES model is only beneficial if there is requirements for detailed analyzes and “what-if” scenarios is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erik_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erik-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hierarchically_modeling_approach">Hierarchically modeling approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hierarchically modeling approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When LCA is included in a production simulation model, there is a bigger need for output information to perform the calculations. To be able to allocate environmental load that origins from the facilities the product that used the facility need to be traced. Environmental load that origin form the maintenance needs to be allocated based on the machines use of the maintenance. Machines that use other resources as compressed air or other supporting machines needs to be associated to trace the usage of those resources to be able to allocate the environmental load to the products that used the machine. </p><p>Andersson, J et al. (2012) <sup id="cite_ref-tool_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tool-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposed to model the machines and resources in a hierarchy. The approach is based on that all product types have attributes with weight and size. The attributes is used together with the time the product has been in each resources to allocate the environmental load to all products using the resource at the same time. A product that is using a machine is also using the machines and facilities in the upper hierarchy. The approach supports increasingly detailed modeling. The modeler increase the level of detail by model each box in greater detail in a lower lever in the hierarchy. The modeler can in other nodes stay at a brief level with less dynamics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verification/Validation_Strategies"><span id="Verification.2FValidation_Strategies"></span>Verification/Validation Strategies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Verification/Validation Strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Environmental impact is in general hard to validate. To be able to trust the models is very important that the models are transparent and provide multiple levels of verification. The strategy here is to not calculate everything in the simulation model and instead provide results, which can be verified, to calculate the used resources from. E.g. from the amount of processing time for a machine it is possible to calculate the used energy. From the used resources upstream processes required to produce the resources can be included to get a total emission for the production, e.g. if the emissions to produce one kWh electricity is 0.1 kgCO<sub>2</sub> then the 4 kWh electricity used in a machine give an emission of 0.4 kgCO<sub>2</sub>. The concept is called Level of Equation. The basis is to divide the calculations of environmental impact into 4 levels<sup id="cite_ref-EvaluatioOfMethods_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvaluatioOfMethods-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Process times, lead times, idle times, setup times, etc.</li> <li>Consumption of resources e.g. Electricity, steal, oil, etc.</li> <li>Emissions</li> <li>Environmental impact, e.g. [GWP]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsors">Sponsors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sponsors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main sponsor for the project is ProViking<sup id="cite_ref-ProViking_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProViking-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accompanied by a few big industrial partners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Haanaes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haanaes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haanaes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Winter. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sloanreview.mit.edu/feature/sustainability-advantage/">the original</a> on 18 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+method+for+determining+the+environmental+footprint+of+industrial+products+using+simulation&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+2011+Winter+Simulation+Conference+%28WSC%29&rft.pages=2136-2147&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A363475%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FWSC.2011.6147926&rft.isbn=978-1-4577-2109-0&rft.aulast=Lindskog&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.au=Linus+Lund&rft.au=Jonatan+Berglund&rft.au=Tina+Lee&rft.au=Anders+Skoogh&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rn+Johansson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.lib.chalmers.se%2Fcpl%2Frecord%2Findex.xsql%3Fpubid%3D150460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcoProIT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tool-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tool_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderssonBjörn_JohanssonJonatan_BerglundAnders_Skoogh2012" class="citation journal cs1">Andersson, Jon; Björn Johansson; Jonatan Berglund; Anders Skoogh (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/local_156301.pdf">"Framework for Ecolabeling using Discrete Event Simulation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 2012 Spring Simulation Multiconference</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+2012+Spring+Simulation+Multiconference&rft.atitle=Framework+for+Ecolabeling+using+Discrete+Event+Simulation&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rn+Johansson&rft.au=Jonatan+Berglund&rft.au=Anders+Skoogh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.lib.chalmers.se%2Frecords%2Ffulltext%2Flocal_156301.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcoProIT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EvaluatioOfMethods-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EvaluatioOfMethods_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersson,_JonSkoogh,_AndersJohansson,_Björn2012" class="citation conference cs1">Andersson, Jon; Skoogh, Anders; Johansson, Björn (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/167292">"Evaluation of Methods used for Life-cycle Assessment in Discrete Event Simulation"</a>. <i>Proceeding of Winter Simulation Conference 2012</i>. Winter Simulation Conference. Berlin<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chalmers University of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proviking&rft.pub=Chalmers+University+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chalmers.se%2Fhosted%2Fproviking-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcoProIT" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoProIT&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoproit.com">EcoProIT main site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johanneberg_Science_Park" title="Johanneberg Science Park">Johanneberg Science Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Lindholmen_University_College" title="Chalmers Lindholmen University College">Lindholmen University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_School_of_Entrepreneurship" title="Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship">School of Entrepreneurship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Ballong_Corps" title="Chalmers Ballong Corps">Ballong Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CETAC" title="CETAC">Engineering Trainee Appointment Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Naval_Architecture_Students%27_Society" title="Chalmers Naval Architecture Students' Society">Naval Architecture Students' Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Students%27_Union" title="Chalmers Students' Union">Students' Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agda_(programming_language)" title="Agda (programming language)">Agda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogle_DVD_Player" title="Ogle DVD Player">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EcoProIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEniCS_Project" title="FEniCS Project">FEniCS Project</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Humanoid_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Humanoid Project (page does not exist)">Humanoid Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT%2B%2B" title="IT++">IT++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_ML" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazy ML">Lazy ML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_International_Bioscience_Business_School" title="Gothenburg International Bioscience Business School">Bioscience Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Intellectual_Property_Studies" title="Center for Intellectual Property Studies">Center for Intellectual Property Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_University" title="IT University">IT University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindholmen_Science_Park" title="Lindholmen Science Park">Lindholmen Science Park</a></li> <li>Viktoria Institute</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Chalmers_(merchant)" title="William Chalmers (merchant)">William Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cort%C3%A8ge" title="The Cortège">Cortège</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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