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indices</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: respiratory indices"> <meta name="keywords" content="respiratory indices"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="respiratory indices"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1472</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: respiratory indices</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1442</span> Remote Assessment and Change Detection of GreenLAI of Cotton Crop Using Different Vegetation Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20B.%20Shinde">Ganesh B. Shinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20B.%20Musande"> Vijaya B. Musande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton crop identification based on the timely information has significant advantage to the different implications of food, economic and environment. Due to the significant advantages, the accurate detection of cotton crop regions using supervised learning procedure is challenging problem in remote sensing. Here, classifiers on the direct image are played a major role but the results are not much satisfactorily. In order to further improve the effectiveness, variety of vegetation indices are proposed in the literature. But, recently, the major challenge is to find the better vegetation indices for the cotton crop identification through the proposed methodology. Accordingly, fuzzy c-means clustering is combined with neural network algorithm, trained by Levenberg-Marquardt for cotton crop classification. To experiment the proposed method, five LISS-III satellite images was taken and the experimentation was done with six vegetation indices such as Simple Ratio, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index, Green Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index, Wide-Dynamic Range Vegetation Index, Green Chlorophyll Index. Along with these indices, Green Leaf Area Index is also considered for investigation. From the research outcome, Green Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index outperformed with all other indices by reaching the average accuracy value of 95.21%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuzzy%20C-Means%20clustering%20%28FCM%29" title="Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM)">Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levenberg-Marquardt%20%28LM%29%20algorithm" title=" Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm"> Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20indices" title=" vegetation indices"> vegetation indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18426/remote-assessment-and-change-detection-of-greenlai-of-cotton-crop-using-different-vegetation-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1441</span> A Study of Islamic Stock Indices and Macroeconomic Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Irfan">Mohammad Irfan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among the key macroeconomic variables and Islamic stock market in India. This study is based on the time series data of financial years 2009-2015 to explore the consistency of relationship between macroeconomic variables and Shariah Indices. The ADF (Augmented Dickey–Fuller Test Statistic) and PP (Phillips–Perron Test Statistic) tests are employed to check stationarity of the data. The study depicts the long run relationship between Shariah indices and macroeconomic variables by using the Johansen Co-integration test. BSE Shariah and Nifty Shariah have uni-direct Granger causality. The outcome of VECM is significantly confirming the applicability of best fitted model. Thus, Islamic stock indices are proficiently working for the development of Indian economy. It suggests that by keeping eyes on Islamic stock market which will be more interactive in the future with other macroeconomic variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20Shariah%20Indices" title="Indian Shariah Indices">Indian Shariah Indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20variables" title=" macroeconomic variables"> macroeconomic variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-integration" title=" co-integration"> co-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Granger%20causality" title=" Granger causality"> Granger causality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20error%20correction%20model%20%28VECM%29" title=" vector error correction model (VECM)"> vector error correction model (VECM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48403/a-study-of-islamic-stock-indices-and-macroeconomic-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1440</span> Developing Logistics Indices for Turkey as an an Indicator of Economic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20%C4%B0ntepe">Gizem İntepe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eti%20Mizrahi"> Eti Mizrahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investment and financing decisions are influenced by various economic features. Detailed analysis should be conducted in order to make decisions not only by companies but also by governments. Such analysis can be conducted either at the company level or on a sectoral basis to reduce risks and to maximize profits. Sectoral disaggregation caused by seasonality effects, subventions, data advantages or disadvantages may appear in sectors behaving parallel to BIST (Borsa Istanbul stock exchange) Index. Proposed logistic indices could serve market needs as a decision parameter in sectoral basis and also helps forecasting activities in import export volume changes. Also it is an indicator of logistic activity, which is also a sign of economic mobility at the national level. Publicly available data from “Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications” and “Turkish Statistical Institute” is utilized to obtain five logistics indices namely as; exLogistic, imLogistic, fLogistic, dLogistic and cLogistic index. Then, efficiency and reliability of these indices are tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20activity" title="economic activity">economic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20trade%20data" title=" export trade data"> export trade data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=import%20trade%20data" title=" import trade data"> import trade data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20indices" title=" logistics indices"> logistics indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15125/developing-logistics-indices-for-turkey-as-an-an-indicator-of-economic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1439</span> Trends in Domestic Terms of Trade of Agricultural Sector of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Hussain">Anwar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The changes in the prices of the agriculture commodities combined with changes in population and agriculture productivity affect farmers’ profitability and standard of living. This study intends to estimate various domestic terms of trade for agriculture sector and also to assess the volatility in the standard of living and profitability of farmers. The terms of trade has been estimated for Pakistan and its provinces using producer prices indices, consumer price indices, input prices indices and quantity indices using the data for the period 1990-91 to 2008-09. The domestic terms of trade of agriculture sector has been improved in terms of both approaches i.e. the ratio of producer prices indices to consumer prices indices and the real per capita income approach. However, the cross province estimates indicated that the terms of trade also improved for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and Punjab while Balochistan’s domestic terms of trade deteriorated drastically. In other words the standard of living of the farmers in Pakistan and its provinces except Balochistan improved. Using the input prices, the domestic terms of trade deteriorated for Pakistan as a whole and its provinces as well. This also explores that as a whole the profitability of the farmers reduced during the study period. The farmers pay more prices for inputs as compared to they receive for their produce. This further indicates that the poverty at the gross root level has been increased. Further, summing, the standard of living of the farmers improved but their profitability reduced, which indicates that the farmers do not completely rely on the farm income but also utilize some other sources of income for their livelihood. The study supports to give subsidies on farm inputs so as to improve the profitability of the farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20terms%20of%20trade" title="agricultural terms of trade">agricultural terms of trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers%E2%80%99%20profitability" title=" farmers’ profitability"> farmers’ profitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers%E2%80%99%20standard%20of%20living" title=" farmers’ standard of living"> farmers’ standard of living</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20and%20producer%20price%20indices" title=" consumer and producer price indices"> consumer and producer price indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantity%20indices" title=" quantity indices"> quantity indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12152/trends-in-domestic-terms-of-trade-of-agricultural-sector-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1438</span> A Stock Exchange Analysis in Turkish Logistics Sector: Modeling, Forecasting, and Comparison with Logistics Indices </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eti%20Mizrahi">Eti Mizrahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20%C4%B0ntepe"> Gizem İntepe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geographical location of Turkey that stretches from Asia to Europe and Russia to Africa makes it an important logistics hub in the region. Although logistics is a developing sector in Turkey, the stock market representation is still low with only two companies listed in Turkey’s stock exchange since 2010. In this paper, we use the daily values of these two listed stocks as a benchmark for the logistics sector. After modeling logistics stock prices, an empirical examination is conducted between the existing logistics indices and these stock prices. The paper investigates whether the measures of logistics stocks are correlated with newly available logistics indices. It also shows the reflection of the economic activity in the logistics sector on the stock exchange market. The results presented in this paper are the first analysis of the behavior of logistics indices and logistics stock prices for Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title="forecasting">forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20stock%20exchange" title=" logistic stock exchange"> logistic stock exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa "> Africa </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15459/a-stock-exchange-analysis-in-turkish-logistics-sector-modeling-forecasting-and-comparison-with-logistics-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1437</span> Multi-Temporal Urban Land Cover Mapping Using Spectral Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mst%20Ilme%20Faridatul">Mst Ilme Faridatul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Wu"> Bo Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multi-temporal urban land cover mapping is of paramount importance for monitoring urban sprawl and managing the ecological environment. For diversified urban activities, it is challenging to map land covers in a complex urban environment. Spectral indices have proved to be effective for mapping urban land covers. To improve multi-temporal urban land cover classification and mapping, we evaluate the performance of three spectral indices, e.g. modified normalized difference bare-land index (MNDBI), tasseled cap water and vegetation index (TCWVI) and shadow index (ShDI). The MNDBI is developed to evaluate its performance of enhancing urban impervious areas by separating bare lands. A tasseled cap index, TCWVI is developed to evaluate its competence to detect vegetation and water simultaneously. The ShDI is developed to maximize the spectral difference between shadows of skyscrapers and water and enhance water detection. First, this paper presents a comparative analysis of three spectral indices using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Second, optimized thresholds of the spectral indices are imputed to classify land covers, and finally, their performance of enhancing multi-temporal urban land cover mapping is assessed. The results indicate that the spectral indices are competent to enhance multi-temporal urban land cover mapping and achieves an overall classification accuracy of 93-96%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover" title="land cover">land cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-temporal" title=" multi-temporal"> multi-temporal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20indices" title=" spectral indices"> spectral indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103491/multi-temporal-urban-land-cover-mapping-using-spectral-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1436</span> Band Characterization and Development of Hyperspectral Indices for Retrieving Chlorophyll Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramandeep%20Kaur%20M.%20Malhi">Ramandeep Kaur M. Malhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20K.%20Srivastava"> Prashant K. Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.Sandhya%20Kiran"> G.Sandhya Kiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative estimates of foliar biochemicals, namely chlorophyll content (CC), serve as key information for the assessment of plant productivity, stress, and the availability of nutrients. This also plays a critical role in predicting the dynamic response of any vegetation to altering climate conditions. The advent of hyperspectral data with an enhanced number of available wavelengths has increased the possibility of acquiring improved information on CC. Retrieval of CC is extensively carried through well known spectral indices derived from hyperspectral data. In the present study, an attempt is made to develop hyperspectral indices by identifying optimum bands for CC estimation in Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub growing in forests of Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Narmada district, Gujarat State, India. 196 narrow bands of EO-1 Hyperion images were screened, and the best optimum wavelength from blue, green, red, and near infrared (NIR) regions were identified based on the coefficient of determination (R²) between band reflectance and laboratory estimated CC. The identified optimum wavelengths were then employed for developing 12 hyperspectral indices. These spectral index values and CC values were then correlated to investigate the relation between laboratory measured CC and spectral indices. Band 15 of blue range and Band 22 of green range, Band 40 of the red region, and Band 79 of NIR region were found to be optimum bands for estimating CC. The optimum band based combinations on hyperspectral data proved to be the most effective indices for quantifying Butea CC with NDVI and TVI identified as the best (R² > 0.7, p < 0.01). The study demonstrated the significance of band characterization in the development of the best hyperspectral indices for the chlorophyll estimation, which can aid in monitoring the vitality of forests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band" title="band">band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll" title=" chlorophyll"> chlorophyll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral" title=" hyperspectral"> hyperspectral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indices" title=" indices"> indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112849/band-characterization-and-development-of-hyperspectral-indices-for-retrieving-chlorophyll-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1435</span> An Extensive Review of Drought Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsulhaq%20Amin">Shamsulhaq Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought can arise from several hydrometeorological phenomena that result in insufficient precipitation, soil moisture, and surface and groundwater flow, leading to conditions that are considerably drier than the usual water content or availability. Drought is often assessed using indices that are associated with meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological phenomena. In order to effectively handle drought disasters, it is essential to accurately determine the kind, intensity, and extent of the drought using drought characterization. This information is critical for managing the drought before, during, and after the rehabilitation process. Over a hundred drought assessments have been created in literature to evaluate drought disasters, encompassing a range of factors and variables. Some models utilise solely hydrometeorological drivers, while others employ remote sensing technology, and some incorporate a combination of both. Comprehending the entire notion of drought and taking into account drought indices along with their calculation processes are crucial for researchers in this discipline. Examining several drought metrics in different studies requires additional time and concentration. Hence, it is crucial to conduct a thorough examination of approaches used in drought indices in order to identify the most straightforward approach to avoid any discrepancies in numerous scientific studies. In case of practical application in real-world, categorizing indices relative to their usage in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological phenomena might help researchers maximize their efficiency. Users have the ability to explore different indexes at the same time, allowing them to compare the convenience of use and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of each. Moreover, certain indices exhibit interdependence, which enhances comprehension of their connections and assists in making informed decisions about their suitability in various scenarios. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of various drought indices, analysing their types and computation methodologies in a detailed and systematic manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20classification" title="drought classification">drought classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20severity" title=" drought severity"> drought severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20indices" title=" drought indices"> drought indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological" title=" hydrological"> hydrological</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185898/an-extensive-review-of-drought-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1434</span> Particulate Pollution and Its Effect on Respiratory Symptoms of Exposed Personnel's in Three Heavy Traffic Cities (Roads), Kathmandu, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujen%20Man%20Shrestha">Sujen Man Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Thapa"> Kanchan Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tista%20Prasai%20Joshi"> Tista Prasai Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The present study was carried out to determine suspended particles and respirable particles of diameter less than 1 micrometers (PM1) on road side and some distance of outside from road; and to compare the respiratory symptoms between traffic police men and shop keepers directly 'exposed' to traffic fumes and office worker stay in 'protected' enclosed environment. Methods: Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data among case and control after getting verbal informed consent among the convenience sample of traffic police, shopkeepers and officials in three different locations in Kathmandu. Secondary data analysis of hospital data of three hospitals of Kathmandu was also performed. The data on air Particulate Matter was taken by Haz Dust. Results: The result showed air quality of road side traffic is unhealthy and there was increasing trends of respiratory illness in hospital outpatient department (OPD). The people who were exposed found to have more risk of developing respiratory diseases symptoms. Conclusions: The study concluded that air pollution level is strong contributing factor for respiratory diseases and further recommended strong, epidemiological studies with larger sample size, less bias, and also measuring other significant physical and chemicals parameters of air pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20traffic%20cities" title="heavy traffic cities">heavy traffic cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20pollution" title=" particulate pollution"> particulate pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20symptoms" title=" respiratory symptoms"> respiratory symptoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072/particulate-pollution-and-its-effect-on-respiratory-symptoms-of-exposed-personnels-in-three-heavy-traffic-cities-roads-kathmandu-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1433</span> Childhood Respiratory Diseases Related to Indoor and Outdoor Air Temperature in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanjuan%20Sun">Chanjuan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shijie%20Hong"> Shijie Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jialing%20Zhang"> Jialing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchao%20Guo"> Yuchao Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Zou"> Zhijun Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Huang"> Chen Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Studies on associations between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases are lack in China. Objectives: We aim to analyze the relationship between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases. Methods: We conducted the on-site inspection into 454 residences and questionnaires survey. Indoor air temperature were from field inspection and outdoor air temperature were from website. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations. Results: Indoor extreme hot air temperature was positively correlated with duration of a common cold (>=2 weeks), and outdoor extreme hot air temperature was also positively related with pneumonia among children. Indoor and outdoor extreme cold air temperature was a risk factor for rhinitis among children. The biggest indoor air temperature difference (indoor maximum air temperature minus indoor minimum air temperature) (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) and outdoor air temperature difference (outdoor maximum air temperature minus outdoor minimum air temperature) (Omax minus Omin) (the 4th quartile, >8oC) were positively related to pneumonia among children. Meanwhile, indoor air temperature difference (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) was positively correlated with diagnosed asthma among children. Air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was negatively related with the most childhood respiratory diseases. This may be partly related to the avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Improper air temperature may affect the respiratory diseases among children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature" title="air temperature">air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20air%20temperature" title=" extreme air temperature"> extreme air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature%20difference" title=" air temperature difference"> air temperature difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913/childhood-respiratory-diseases-related-to-indoor-and-outdoor-air-temperature-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1432</span> Physiological Responses of the Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Male) X Clarias gariepinus (Female) Hybrid (Heteroclarias) Fingerlings to Different Temperature Levels under Laboratory Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Ayanwale">A. V. Ayanwale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Tsadu"> S. M. Tsadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Lamai"> S. L. Lamai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20J.%20Kolo"> R. J. Kolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20I.%20Auta"> Y. I. Auta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Z.%20Mohammed"> A. Z. Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A twelve weeks experiment was carried out on Heteroclarias freshwater hybrid fish fingerlings under laboratory conditions to study the effects of different temperature levels, 26.91 (control), 28.00, 30.00, 32.00°C respectively and their physiological responses to oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and opercular respiratory beats were evaluated. The oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and opercular respiratory beats were determined weekly based on standard procedures. The findings revealed that the oxygen consumption of Heteroclarias hybrid fingerlings significantly (p<0.05) increased with increase in temperature. The ammonia excretion were not significantly different (p>0.05) in all the temperature levels. The opercular respiratory beats per minutes showed similar trend in weeks 1,2,4 and 8 but indicated significantly higher (p<0.05) opercular respiratory beats (range= 117.10±2.26 at 30oC to 142.75±3.04 opercular beat at 32oC in week 8) at highest tested temperature levels. However, there was a decreasing trend in the opercular respiratory beats per minute of the controlled fingerlings. Generally, the opercular respiratory beats per minute decreased with increase in fish size. The findings of this study confirmed that increase in water temperature affects the physiology of Heteroclarias hybrid and hence for effective rearing and for profit making, it is essential for the hybrid to be cultured in the temperature range between 26.91°C (control) and 28.00°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heteroclarias" title="heteroclarias">heteroclarias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological%20responses" title=" physiological responses"> physiological responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32614/physiological-responses-of-the-heterobranchus-bidorsalis-male-x-clarias-gariepinus-female-hybrid-heteroclarias-fingerlings-to-different-temperature-levels-under-laboratory-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1431</span> An Investigation of Rainfall Changes in KanganCity During Years 1964 to 2003</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Borzou%20Faramarzi">Borzou Faramarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farideh%20Azimi"> Farideh Azimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Gohardoust"> Azam Gohardoust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Ghasemi%20Ghasemvand"> Abbas Ghasemi Ghasemvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mirzaei"> Maryam Mirzaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandana%20Amani"> Mandana Amani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, attempts were made to examine and analyze the trend for rainfall changes in Kangan City, Booshehr Province, during the time span 1964 to 2003, using seven rainfall threshold indices based on 50 climate extremes indices approved by WMO–CCL/CLIVAR. These indices include days with heavy precipitations, days with rainfalls, frequency of rainfall threshold values, intensity of rainfall threshold values, percentage of rainfall threshold values, successive days of rainfall, and successive days with no precipitation. Results are indicative of the fact that Kangan City climatic conditions have become more dried than before. Indices days with heavy precipitations and days with rainfalls do not show a certain trend in Kangan City. Frequency, intensity, and percentage of rainfall threshold values in the station under investigation do not indicate a certain trend. In analysis of time series of rainfall extreme indices, generally, it was revealed that Kangan City is influenced by general factors of global warming. Calculation of values for the next 10 years based on ARIMA models demonstrates a continuation of warming trends in Kangan City. On the whole, rainfall conditions in Kangan City have experienced more dry periods compared to the past, the trend which is also observable for next 10 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20indices" title="climatic indices">climatic indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20temperature%20and%20precipitation" title=" extreme temperature and precipitation"> extreme temperature and precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series" title=" time series"> time series</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52075/an-investigation-of-rainfall-changes-in-kangancity-during-years-1964-to-2003" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1430</span> Comparison of the Existing Damage Indices in Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Kazemi">Hamid Kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasali%20Sadeghi"> Abbasali Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of seismic behavior of frame structures is just done for evaluating life and financial damages or lost. The new structural seismic behavior assessment methods have been proposed, so it is necessary to define a formulation as a damage index, which the damage amount has been quantified and qualified. In this paper, four new steel moment-resisting frames with intermediate ductility and different height (2, 5, 8, and 12-story) with regular geometry and simple rectangular plan were supposed and designed. The three existing groups’ damage indices were studied, each group consisting of local index (Drift, Maximum Roof Displacement, Banon Failure, Kinematic, Banon Normalized Cumulative Rotation, Cumulative Plastic Rotation and Ductility), global index (Roufaiel and Meyer, Papadopoulos, Sozen, Rosenblueth, Ductility and Base Shear), and story (Banon Failure and Inter-story Rotation). The necessary parameters for these damage indices have been calculated under the effect of far-fault ground motion records by Non-linear Dynamic Time History Analysis. Finally, prioritization of damage indices is defined based on more conservative values in terms of more damageability rate. The results show that the selected damage index has an important effect on estimation of the damage state. Also, failure, drift, and Rosenblueth damage indices are more conservative indices respectively for local, story and global damage indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20index" title="damage index">damage index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far-fault%20ground%20motion%20records" title=" far-fault ground motion records"> far-fault ground motion records</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20time%20history%20analysis" title=" non-linear time history analysis"> non-linear time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SeismoStruct%20software" title=" SeismoStruct software"> SeismoStruct software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20moment-resisting%20frame" title=" steel moment-resisting frame"> steel moment-resisting frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93473/comparison-of-the-existing-damage-indices-in-steel-moment-resisting-frame-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1429</span> Exploring the Challenges to Usage of Building Construction Cost Indices in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20Gyimah">Jerry Gyimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Kissi"> Ernest Kissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safowaa%20Osei-Tutu"> Safowaa Osei-Tutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Dela%20Adobor"> Charles Dela Adobor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theophilus%20Adjei-Kumi"> Theophilus Adjei-Kumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Osei-Tutu"> Ernest Osei-Tutu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Price fluctuation contract is imperative and of paramount essence, in the construction industry as it provides adequate relief and cushioning for changes in the prices of input resources during construction. As a result, several methods have been devised to better help in arriving at fair recompense in the event of price changes. However, stakeholders often appear not to be satisfied with the existing methods of fluctuation evaluation, ostensibly because of the challenges associated with them. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges to the usage of building construction cost indices in Ghana. Data was gathered from contractors and quantity surveying firms. The study utilized a survey questionnaire approach to elicit responses from the contractors and the consultants. Data gathered was analyzed scientifically, using the relative importance index (RII) to rank the problems associated with the existing methods. The findings revealed the following, among others, late release of data, inadequate recovery of costs, and work items of interest not included in the published indices as the main challenges of the existing methods. Findings provide useful lessons for policymakers and practitioners in decision making towards the usage and improvement of available indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20construction%20cost%20indices" title="building construction cost indices">building construction cost indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usage" title=" usage"> usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127516/exploring-the-challenges-to-usage-of-building-construction-cost-indices-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1428</span> Comprehensive Regional Drought Assessment Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zeynolabedin">A. Zeynolabedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Olyaei"> M. A. Olyaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ghiasi"> B. Ghiasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought is an inevitable part of the earth’s climate. It occurs regularly with no clear warning and without recognizing borders. In addition, its impact is cumulative and not immediately discernible. Iran is located in a semi-arid region where droughts occur periodically as natural hazard. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI), and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are three well-known indices which describe drought severity; each has its own advantages and disadvantages and can be used for specific types of drought. These indices take into account some factors such as precipitation, reservoir storage and discharge, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration in determining drought severity. In this paper, first all three indices are calculated in Aharchay river watershed located in northwestern part of Iran in East Azarbaijan province. Next, based on two other important parameters which are groundwater level and solar radiation, two new indices are defined. Finally, considering all five aforementioned indices, a combined drought index (CDI) is presented and calculated for the region. This combined index is based on all the meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural features of the region. The results show that the most severe drought condition in Aharchay watershed happened in Jun, 2004. The result of this study can be used for monitoring drought and prepare for the drought mitigation planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title="drought">drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20index" title=" intensity index"> intensity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20assessment" title=" regional assessment"> regional assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20maps" title=" variation maps"> variation maps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45821/comprehensive-regional-drought-assessment-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1427</span> Correlations between Obesity Indices and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Obese Subgroups in Severely Obese Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Hun%20Lee">Seung Hun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Yeoup%20Lee"> Sang Yeoup Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To investigate associations between degrees of obesity using correlations between obesity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: BMI, waist circumference (WC), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, lipids, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area using computed tomographic images were measured in 113 obese female without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Correlations between obesity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed in obese subgroups defined using sequential obesity indices. Results: Mean BMI and WC were 29.6 kg/m2 and 92.8 cm. BMI showed significant correlations with all five cardiometabolic risk factors until the BMI cut-off point reached 27 kg/m2, but when it exceeded 30 kg/m2, correlations no longer existed. WC was significantly correlated with all five cardiometabolic risk factors up to a value of 85 cm, but when WC exceeded 90 cm, correlations no longer existed. Conclusions: Our data suggest that moderate weight-loss goals may not be enough to ameliorate cardiometabolic markers in severely obese patients. Therefore, individualized weight-loss goals should be recommended to such patients to improve health benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title=" cardiovascular disease"> cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23228/correlations-between-obesity-indices-and-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-in-obese-subgroups-in-severely-obese-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1426</span> Toward an Appropriate Index for Corporate Governance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bita%20Mashayekhi">Bita Mashayekhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Jalali"> Farzaneh Jalali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemeh%20Yazdanian"> Alemeh Yazdanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study contributes to identifying the corporate governance indices in previous researches by using content analysis on relevant papers published in 20 top accounting journals according to Google Scholar ranking, dated from 1990 to 2016. For this purpose, 65 papers are scrutinized deeply, and the concepts of corporate governance are coded and categorized. Then extracted indices are clustered into 10 and 51 categories and subcategories, respectively; and their frequencies are determined. Results show that the board of directors’ characteristics is employed more frequently in reviewed papers, and the board of directors’ independency is the most frequent index within the 97 percent of our sample. Duality, board size, and ownership structure have more frequencies in comparison with other extracted corporate governance indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance%20index" title=" corporate governance index"> corporate governance index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top%20accounting%20journals" title=" top accounting journals"> top accounting journals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60498/toward-an-appropriate-index-for-corporate-governance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1425</span> Assessment of Soil Salinity through Remote Sensing Technique in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hossen">B. Hossen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Helmut"> Y. Helmut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil salinity is a major problem for the coastal region of Bangladesh, which has been increasing for the last four decades. Determination of soil salinity is essential for proper land use planning for agricultural crop production. The aim of the research is to estimate and monitor the soil salinity in the study area. Remote sensing can be an effective tool for detecting soil salinity in data-scarce conditions. In the research, Landsat 8 is used, which required atmospheric and radiometric correction, and nine soil salinity indices are applied to develop a soil salinity map. Ground soil salinity data, i.e., EC value, is collected as a printed map which is then scanned and digitized to develop a point shapefile. Linear regression is made between satellite-based generated map and ground soil salinity data, i.e., EC value. The results show that maximum R² value is found for salinity index SI 7 = G*R/B representing 0.022. This minimal R² value refers that there is a negligible relationship between ground EC value and salinity index generated value. Hence, these indices are not appropriate to assess soil salinity though many studies used those soil salinity indices successfully. Therefore, further research is necessary to formulate a model for determining the soil salinity in the coastal of Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20salinity" title="soil salinity">soil salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EC" title=" EC"> EC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%208" title=" Landsat 8"> Landsat 8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity%20indices" title=" salinity indices"> salinity indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression" title=" linear regression"> linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing "> remote sensing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139666/assessment-of-soil-salinity-through-remote-sensing-technique-in-the-coastal-region-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1424</span> Clustering Performance Analysis using New Correlation-Based Cluster Validity Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathakhun%20Wiroonsri">Nathakhun Wiroonsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are various cluster validity measures used for evaluating clustering results. One of the main objectives of using these measures is to seek the optimal unknown number of clusters. Some measures work well for clusters with different densities, sizes and shapes. Yet, one of the weaknesses that those validity measures share is that they sometimes provide only one clear optimal number of clusters. That number is actually unknown and there might be more than one potential sub-optimal option that a user may wish to choose based on different applications. We develop two new cluster validity indices based on a correlation between an actual distance between a pair of data points and a centroid distance of clusters that the two points are located in. Our proposed indices constantly yield several peaks at different numbers of clusters which overcome the weakness previously stated. Furthermore, the introduced correlation can also be used for evaluating the quality of a selected clustering result. Several experiments in different scenarios, including the well-known iris data set and a real-world marketing application, have been conducted to compare the proposed validity indices with several well-known ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithm" title="clustering algorithm">clustering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20validity%20measure" title=" cluster validity measure"> cluster validity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20partitions" title=" data partitions"> data partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iris%20data%20set" title=" iris data set"> iris data set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147709/clustering-performance-analysis-using-new-correlation-based-cluster-validity-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1423</span> Histopathological Examination of Lung Surgery Camel in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Chitgar">Ali Chitgar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory infections including diseases in camels are important not only because of the threat of animal health but also to reduce their production. Since that deal with respiratory problems and their treatment requires adequate knowledge of the existing respiratory problems, unfortunately, there is limited information about the species of camels. This study aimed to identify lung lesions camels slaughtered in a slaughterhouse more important was performed using histopathology. Respiratory camels (n = 477) was examined after the killing fully and tissue samples were placed in 10% formalin. The samples and histological sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining and color were evaluated. In this study 79.6 % (236 of 477 samples) of the samples was at least a lung lesion. Rate acute interstitial pneumonia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the pleura and 52.8 % respectively atelectasis (236 of 477 samples), 5.4 % (24 of 477 samples), 7.8 % (35 of 477 samples), 6.7 % (30 of 477 samples), 3.4 % (15 of 477 samples) and 15.2% (68 of 477 samples). The lung lesions, acute interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in autumn winter rather than spring and summer (p <0/05) and as a result, this study showed that high rates of lung lesions in the camel population. Waste higher results in cold seasons (fall and winter) shows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathing%20organ" title=" breathing organ"> breathing organ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55173/histopathological-examination-of-lung-surgery-camel-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1422</span> Assessing P0.1 and Occlusion Pressures in Brain-Injured Patients on Pressure Support Ventilation: A Study Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20R.%20Slagmulder">S. B. R. Slagmulder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monitoring inspiratory effort and dynamic lung stress in patients on pressure support ventilation in the ICU is important for protecting against self inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) and diaphragm dysfunction. Strategies to address the detrimental effects of respiratory drive and effort can lead to improved patient outcomes. Two non-invasive estimation methods, occlusion pressure (Pocc) and P0.1, have been proposed for achieving lung and diaphragm protective ventilation. However, their relationship and interpretation in neuro ICU patients is not well understood. P0.1 is the airway pressure measured during a 100-millisecond occlusion of the inspiratory port. It reflects the neural drive from the respiratory centers to the diaphragm and respiratory muscles, indicating the patient's respiratory drive during the initiation of each breath. Occlusion pressure, measured during a brief inspiratory pause against a closed airway, provides information about the inspiratory muscles' strength and the system's total resistance and compliance. Research Objective: Understanding the relationship between Pocc and P0.1 in brain-injured patients can provide insights into the interpretation of these values in pressure support ventilation. This knowledge can contribute to determining extubation readiness and optimizing ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes. The central goal is to asses a study protocol for determining the relationship between Pocc and P0.1 in brain-injured patients on pressure support ventilation and their ability to predict successful extubation. Additionally, comparing these values between brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged patients may provide valuable insights. Key Areas of Inquiry: 1. How do Pocc and P0.1 values correlate within brain injury patients undergoing pressure support ventilation? 2. To what extent can Pocc and P0.1 values serve as predictive indicators for successful extubation in patients with brain injuries? 3. What differentiates the Pocc and P0.1 values between patients with brain injuries and those without? Methodology: P0.1 and occlusion pressures are standard measurements for pressure support ventilation patients, taken by attending doctors as per protocol. We utilize electronic patient records for existing data. Unpaired T-test will be conducted to compare P0.1 and Pocc values between both study groups. Associations between P0.1 and Pocc and other study variables, such as extubation, will be explored with simple regression and correlation analysis. Depending on how the data evolve, subgroup analysis will be performed for patients with and without extubation failure. Results: While it is anticipated that neuro patients may exhibit high respiratory drive, the linkage between such elevation, quantified by P0.1, and successful extubation remains unknown The analysis will focus on determining the ability of these values to predict successful extubation and their potential impact on ventilation strategies. Conclusion: Further research is pending to fully understand the potential of these indices and their impact on mechanical ventilation in different patient populations and clinical scenarios. Understanding these relationships can aid in determining extubation readiness and tailoring ventilation strategies to improve patient outcomes in this specific patient population. Additionally, it is vital to account for the influence of sedatives, neurological scores, and BMI on respiratory drive and occlusion pressures to ensure a comprehensive analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20damage" title="brain damage">brain damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm%20dysfunction" title=" diaphragm dysfunction"> diaphragm dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusion%20pressure" title=" occlusion pressure"> occlusion pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p0.1" title=" p0.1"> p0.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20drive" title=" respiratory drive"> respiratory drive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171722/assessing-p01-and-occlusion-pressures-in-brain-injured-patients-on-pressure-support-ventilation-a-study-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1421</span> COVID-19 Pandemic and Disruptions in Nigeria’s Domestic Economic Activities: A Pre-post Empirical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaefule">Amaefule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Ifeanyi"> Leonard Ifeanyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study evaluated the disruptions in Nigeria’s domestic economic activities occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic: a pre and post-pandemic investigation approach. Domestic economic activities were measured with composite manufacturing purchasing managers index (PMI) and composite non-manufacturing PMI. Production and employment levels indices were proxies for composite manufacturing PMI, while business activities and employment level indices were proxies for non-manufacturing PMI. Data for these indices were sourced from monthly and quarterly publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria for periods covering fifteen (15) months before and 15 months after the outbreak of the virus in Nigeria. Test of equality of means was employed in establishing the significance of the difference of means between the pre and post-pandemic domestic economic activities. Results from the analysis indicated that a significant negative difference exists in each of the measures of domestic economic activities between the pre and post-pandemic periods. These findings, therefore, offer empirical evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted domestic economic activities in Nigeria; thus, it exerts a negative influence on the measures of the nation’s domestic economic activities. The study thus recommended (among other things) that the Nigerian government should focus on policies that would enhance domestic production, employment and enhance business activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20economic%20activities" title=" domestic economic activities"> domestic economic activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20manufacturing%20indices" title=" composite manufacturing indices"> composite manufacturing indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20non-manufacturing%20indices" title=" composite non-manufacturing indices"> composite non-manufacturing indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142632/covid-19-pandemic-and-disruptions-in-nigerias-domestic-economic-activities-a-pre-post-empirical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1420</span> Detection of Trends and Break Points in Climatic Indices: The Case of Umbria Region in Italy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Flammini">A. Flammini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Morbidelli"> R. Morbidelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Saltalippi"> C. Saltalippi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase of air surface temperature at global scale is a fact, with values around 0.85 ºC since the late nineteen century, as well as a significant change in main features of rainfall regime. Nevertheless, the detected climatic changes are not equally distributed all over the world, but exhibit specific characteristics in different regions. Therefore, studying the evolution of climatic indices in different geographical areas with a prefixed standard approach becomes very useful in order to analyze the existence of climatic trend and compare results. In this work, a methodology to investigate the climatic change and its effects on a wide set of climatic indices is proposed and applied at regional scale in the case study of a Mediterranean area, Umbria region in Italy. From data of the available temperature stations, nine temperature indices have been obtained and the existence of trends has been checked by applying the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, while the non-parametric Pettitt test and the parametric Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) have been applied to detect the presence of break points. In addition, aimed to characterize the rainfall regime, data from 11 rainfall stations have been used and a trend analysis has been performed on cumulative annual rainfall depth, daily rainfall, rainy days, and dry periods length. The results show a general increase in any temperature indices, even if with a trend pattern dependent of indices and stations, and a general decrease of cumulative annual rainfall and average daily rainfall, with a time rainfall distribution over the year different from the past. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20change" title="climatic change">climatic change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20regime" title=" rainfall regime"> rainfall regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20analysis" title=" trend analysis"> trend analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103493/detection-of-trends-and-break-points-in-climatic-indices-the-case-of-umbria-region-in-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1419</span> Air Pollution and Respiratory-Related Restricted Activity Days in Tunisia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Kouki%20In%C3%A8s%20Rekik">Mokhtar Kouki Inès Rekik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the assessment of the air pollution and morbidity relationship in Tunisia. Air pollution is measured by ozone air concentration and the morbidity is measured by the number of respiratory-related restricted activity days during the 2-week period prior to the interview. Socioeconomic data are also collected in order to adjust for any confounding covariates. Our sample is composed by 407 Tunisian respondents; 44.7% are women, the average age is 35.2, near 69% are living in a house built after the 1980, and 27.8% have reported at least one day of respiratory-related restricted activity. The model consists on the regression of the number of respiratory-related restricted activity days on the air quality measure and the socioeconomic covariates. In order to correct for zero-inflation and heterogeneity, we estimate several models (Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero inflated Poisson, Poisson hurdle, Negative binomial hurdle and finite mixture Poisson models). Bootstrapping and post-stratification techniques are used in order to correct for any sample bias. According to the Akaike information criteria, the hurdle negative binomial model has the greatest goodness of fit. The main result indicates that, after adjusting for socioeconomic data, the ozone concentration increases the probability of positive number of restricted activity days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bootstrapping" title="bootstrapping">bootstrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hurdle%20negbin%20model" title=" hurdle negbin model"> hurdle negbin model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overdispersion" title=" overdispersion"> overdispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone%20concentration" title=" ozone concentration"> ozone concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory-related%20restricted%20activity%20days" title=" respiratory-related restricted activity days"> respiratory-related restricted activity days</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15278/air-pollution-and-respiratory-related-restricted-activity-days-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1418</span> The Effects of Passive and Active Recoveries on Responses of Platelet Indices and Hemodynamic Variables to Resistance Exercise </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Soltani">Mohammad Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Ahmadizad"> Sajad Ahmadizad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Hoseinzadeh"> Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefe%20Sarvestan"> Atefe Sarvestan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exercise recovery is an important variable in designing resistance exercise training. This study determined the effects of passive and active recoveries on responses of platelet indices and hemodynamic variables to resistance exercise. Twelve healthy subjects (six men and six women, age, 25.4 ±2.5 yrs) performed two types of resistance exercise protocols (six exercises including upper- and lower-body parts) at two separate sessions with one-week intervening. First resistance protocol included three sets of six repetitions at 80% of 1RM with 2 min passive rest between sets and exercises; while, the second protocol included three sets of six repetitions at 60% of 1RM followed by active recovery included six repetitions of the same exercise at 20% of 1RM. The exercise volume was equalized. Three blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 1-hour recovery, and analyzed for fibrinogen and platelet indices. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP), were measured before, immediately after exercise and every 5 minutes during recovery. Data analyzes showed a significant increase in SBP (systolic blood pressure), HR, rate of pressure product (RPP) and PLT in response to resistance exercise (P<0.05) and that changes for HR and RPP were significantly different between two protocols (P<0.05). Furthermore, MPV and P_LCR did not change in response to resistance exercise, though significant reductions were observed after 1h recovery compared to before and after exercise (P<0.05). No significant changes in fibrinogen and PDW following two types of resistance exercise protocols were observed (P>0.05). On the other hand, no significant differences in platelet indices were found between the two protocols (P>0.05). Resistance exercise induces changes in platelet indices and hemodynamic variables, and that these changes are not related to the type of recovery and returned to normal levels after 1h recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodynamic%20variables" title="hemodynamic variables">hemodynamic variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platelet%20indices" title=" platelet indices"> platelet indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20exercise" title=" resistance exercise"> resistance exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20intensity" title=" recovery intensity"> recovery intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123887/the-effects-of-passive-and-active-recoveries-on-responses-of-platelet-indices-and-hemodynamic-variables-to-resistance-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1417</span> Modal Density Influence on Modal Complexity Quantification in Dynamic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabrizio%20Iezzi">Fabrizio Iezzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20Valente"> Claudio Valente</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The viscous damping in dynamic systems can be proportional or non-proportional. In the first case, the mode shapes are real whereas in the second case they are complex. From an engineering point of view, the complexity of the mode shapes is important in order to quantify the non-proportional damping. Different indices exist to provide estimates of the modal complexity. These indices are or not zero, depending whether the mode shapes are not or are complex. The modal density problem arises in the experimental identification when the dynamic systems have close modal frequencies. Depending on the entity of this closeness, the mode shapes can hold fictitious imaginary quantities that affect the values of the modal complexity indices. The results are the failing in the identification of the real or complex mode shapes and then of the proportional or non-proportional damping. The paper aims to show the influence of the modal density on the values of these indices in case of both proportional and non-proportional damping. Theoretical and pseudo-experimental solutions are compared to analyze the problem according to an appropriate mechanical system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20mode%20shapes" title="complex mode shapes">complex mode shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20systems%20identification" title=" dynamic systems identification"> dynamic systems identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20density" title=" modal density"> modal density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-proportional%20damping" title=" non-proportional damping"> non-proportional damping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52803/modal-density-influence-on-modal-complexity-quantification-in-dynamic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1416</span> Binary Programming for Manufacturing Material and Manufacturing Process Selection Using Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleem%20Z.%20Ramadan">Saleem Z. Ramadan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The material selection problem is concerned with the determination of the right material for a certain product to optimize certain performance indices in that product such as mass, energy density, and power-to-weight ratio. This paper is concerned about optimizing the selection of the manufacturing process along with the material used in the product under performance indices and availability constraints. In this paper, the material selection problem is formulated using binary programming and solved by genetic algorithm. The objective function of the model is to minimize the total manufacturing cost under performance indices and material and manufacturing process availability constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20selection" title=" material selection"> material selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20selection" title=" process selection"> process selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42286/binary-programming-for-manufacturing-material-and-manufacturing-process-selection-using-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1415</span> Comparison of Quality Indices for Sediment Assessment in Ireland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20%20Bibi">Tayyaba Bibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20%20Ronan"> Jenny Ronan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20%20Hernan"> Robert Hernan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20%20O%E2%80%99Rourke"> Kathleen O’Rourke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brendan%20%20McHugh"> Brendan McHugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evin%20%20McGovern"> Evin McGovern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20%20Giltrap"> Michelle Giltrap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%20Chambers"> Gordon Chambers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Wilson"> James Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sediment contamination is a major source of ecosystem stress and has received significant attention from the scientific community. Both the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) require a robust set of tools for biological and chemical monitoring. For the MSFD in particular, causal links between contaminant and effects need to be assessed. Appropriate assessment tools are required in order to make an accurate evaluation. In this study, a range of recommended sediment bioassays and chemical measurements are assessed in a number of potentially impacted and lowly impacted locations around Ireland. Previously, assessment indices have been developed on individual compartments, i.e. contaminant levels or biomarker/bioassay responses. A number of assessment indices are applied to chemical and ecotoxicological data from the Seachange project (Project code) and compared including the metal pollution index (MPI), pollution load index (PLI) and Chapman index for chemistry as well as integrated biomarker response (IBR). The benefits and drawbacks of the use of indices and aggregation techniques are discussed. In addition to this, modelling of raw data is investigated to analyse links between contaminant and effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioassays" title="bioassays">bioassays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20indices" title=" contamination indices"> contamination indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotoxicity" title=" ecotoxicity"> ecotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20environment" title=" marine environment"> marine environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediments" title=" sediments"> sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84860/comparison-of-quality-indices-for-sediment-assessment-in-ireland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1414</span> Relative Importance of Contact Constructs to Acute Respiratory Illness in General Population in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kin%20On%20Kwok">Kin On Kwok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Wei"> Vivian Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Cowling"> Benjamin Cowling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Riley"> Steven Riley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Read"> Jonathan Read</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The role of social contact behavior measured in different contact constructs in the transmission of respiratory pathogens with acute respiratory illness (ARI) remains unclear. We, therefore, aim to depict the individual pattern of ARI in the community and investigate the association between different contact dimensions and ARI in Hong Kong. Methods: Between June 2013 and September 2013, 620 subjects participated in the last two waves of recruitment of the population based longitudinal phone social contact survey. Some of the subjects in this study are from the same household. They are also provided with the symptom diaries to self-report any acute respiratory illness related symptoms between the two days of phone recruitment. Data from 491 individuals who were not infected on the day of phone recruitment and returned the symptom diaries after the last phone recruitment were used for analysis. Results: After adjusting different follow-up periods among individuals, the overall incidence rate of ARI was 1.77 per 100 person-weeks. Over 75% ARI episodes involve running nose, cough, sore throat, which are followed by headache (55%), malagia (35%) and fever (18%). Using a generalized estimating equation framework accounting for the cluster effect of subjects living in the same household, we showed that both daily number of locations visited with contacts and the number of contacts, explained the ARI incidence rate better than only one single contact construct. Conclusion: Our result suggests that it is the intertwining property of contact quantity (number of contacts) and contact intensity (ratio of subject-to-contact) that governs the infection risk by a collective set of respiratory pathogens. Our results provide empirical evidence that multiple contact constructs should be incorporated in the mathematical transmission models to feature a more realistic dynamics of respiratory disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20illness" title="acute respiratory illness">acute respiratory illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20study" title=" longitudinal study"> longitudinal study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20contact" title=" social contact"> social contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptom%20diaries" title=" symptom diaries"> symptom diaries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72746/relative-importance-of-contact-constructs-to-acute-respiratory-illness-in-general-population-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1413</span> Association of Calcium Intake Adequacy with Wealth Indices among Selected Female Adults Living in Depressed and Non-Depressed Area in Metro Manila, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Viktoria%20Melgo">Maria Viktoria Melgo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to determine the possible association between calcium intake and wealth indices of selected female adults. Specifically, it aimed to: a) determine the calcium intake adequacy of the respondents. b) determine the relationship, if any, between calcium intake adequacy, area and wealth indices. The study used the survey design and employed convenience sampling in selecting participants. Two hundred females aged 20 – 64 years old were covered in the study from depressed and non-depressed areas. Data collected were calcium intake taken from two 24-hour food recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and wealth indices using housing characteristics, household assets and access to utilities and infrastructure. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to determine the frequency distribution and association between the given variables, respectively, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and OpenEpi software. The results showed that there were 86% of respondents in the depressed area with an inadequate calcium intake while there were 78% of respondents in the non-depressed area with an adequate calcium intake. No significant relationship was obtained in most wealth indices with calcium intake adequacy and area but appliance and ownership of main material of the house showed a significant relationship to calcium intake adequacy by area. The study recommends that the Local Government Unit (LGU) should provide seminars or nutrition education that will further enhance the knowledge of the people in the community. The study also recommends to conduct a similar study but with different, larger sample size, different location nonetheless if it is in urban or rural and include the anthropometry measurement of the respondents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association" title="association">association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20intake%20adequacy" title=" calcium intake adequacy"> calcium intake adequacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metro%20Manila" title=" metro Manila"> metro Manila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wealth%20indices" title=" wealth indices"> wealth indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75428/association-of-calcium-intake-adequacy-with-wealth-indices-among-selected-female-adults-living-in-depressed-and-non-depressed-area-in-metro-manila-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20indices&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20indices&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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