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Spear</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Morwenna Spear"> <meta name="keywords" content="Morwenna Spear"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Morwenna Spear"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Morwenna Spear</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Bioethanol Production from Wild Sorghum (Sorghum arundinacieum) and Spear Grass (Heteropogon contortus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyinka%20Adesanya">Adeyinka Adesanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Bamgboye"> Isaac Bamgboye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a growing need to develop the processes to produce renewable fuels and chemicals due to the economic, political, and environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass is an excellent renewable feedstock because it is both abundant and inexpensive. This project aims at producing bioethanol from lignocellulosic plants (Sorghum Arundinacieum and Heteropogon Contortus) by biochemical means, computing the energy audit of the process and determining the fuel properties of the produced ethanol. Acid pretreatment (0.5% H2SO4 solution) and enzymatic hydrolysis (using malted barley as enzyme source) were employed. The ethanol yield of wild sorghum was found to be 20% while that of spear grass was 15%. The fuel properties of the bioethanol from wild sorghum are 1.227 centipoise for viscosity, 1.10 g/cm3 for density, 0.90 for specific gravity, 78 °C for boiling point and the cloud point was found to be below -30 °C. That of spear grass was 1.206 centipoise for viscosity, 0.93 g/cm3 for density 1.08 specific gravity, 78 °C for boiling point and the cloud point was also found to be below -30 °C. The energy audit shows that about 64 % of the total energy was used up during pretreatment, while product recovery which was done manually demanded about 31 % of the total energy. Enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation total energy input were 1.95 %, 1.49 % and 1.04 % respectively, the alcoholometric strength of bioethanol from wild sorghum was found to be 47 % and the alcoholometric strength of bioethanol from spear grass was 72 %. Also, the energy efficiency of the bioethanol production for both grasses was 3.85 %. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20biomass" title="lignocellulosic biomass">lignocellulosic biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wild%20sorghum" title=" wild sorghum"> wild sorghum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spear%20grass" title=" spear grass"> spear grass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20conversion" title=" biochemical conversion"> biochemical conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67839/bioethanol-production-from-wild-sorghum-sorghum-arundinacieum-and-spear-grass-heteropogon-contortus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Hole Characteristics of Percussion and Single Pulse Laser-Incised Radiata Pine and the Effects of Wood Anatomy on Laser-Incision</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhasisa%20Nath">Subhasisa Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Waugh"> David Waugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Ormondroyd"> Graham Ormondroyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morwenna%20Spear"> Morwenna Spear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Pitman"> Andy Pitman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Mason"> Paul Mason</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood is one of the most sustainable and environmentally favourable materials and is chemically treated in timber industries to maximise durability. To increase the chemical preservative uptake and retention by the wood, current limiting incision technologies are commonly used. This work reports the effects of single pulse CO2 laser-incision and frequency tripled Nd:YAG percussion laser-incision on the characteristics of laser-incised holes in the Radiata Pine. The laser-incision studies were based on changing laser wavelengths, energies and focal planes to conclude on an optimised combination for the laser-incision of Radiata Pine. The laser pulse duration had a dominant effect over laser power in controlling hole aspect ratio in CO2 laser-incision. A maximum depth of ~ 30 mm was measured with a laser power output of 170 W and a pulse duration of 80 ms. However, increased laser power led to increased carbonisation of holes. The carbonisation effect was reduced during laser-incision in the ultra-violet (UV) regime. Deposition of a foamy phase on the laser-incised hole wall was evident irrespective of laser radiation wavelength and energy. A maximum hole depth of ~20 mm was measured in the percussion laser-incision in the UV regime (355 nm) with a pulse energy of 320 mJ. The radial and tangential faces had a significant effect on laser-incision efficiency for all laser wavelengths. The laser-incised hole shapes and circularities were affected by the wood anatomy (earlywoods and latewoods in the structure). Subsequently, the mechanism of laser-incision is proposed by analysing the internal structure of laser-incised holes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20Laser" title="CO2 Laser">CO2 Laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nd%3A%20YAG%20laser" title=" Nd: YAG laser"> Nd: YAG laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incision" title=" incision"> incision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20characteristics" title=" hole characteristics"> hole characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450/hole-characteristics-of-percussion-and-single-pulse-laser-incised-radiata-pine-and-the-effects-of-wood-anatomy-on-laser-incision" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Double-Spear 1-H2-1 Oncolytic-Immunotherapy for Refractory and Relapsing High-Risk Human Neuroblastoma and Glioma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lian%20Zeng">Lian Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Double-Spear 1-H2-1 (DS1-H2-1) is an oncolytic virus and an innovative biological drug candidate. The chemical composition of the drug product is a live attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) containing the human T cell costimulator (CD86) gene. After intratumoral injection, the virus can rapidly self-replicate in the injected site and lyse/kill the tumor by repeated infection among tumor cells. We also established xenograft tumor models in mice to evaluate the drug candidate's efficacy on those tumors. The results from preclinical studies on transplanted tumors in immunodeficient mice showed that DS1-H2-1 had significant oncolytic effects on human-origin cancers: it completely (100%) shrieked human glioma; limited human neuroblastoma growth reached as high as 95% growth inhibition rate (%TGITW). The safety data of preclinical animal experiments confirmed that DS1-H2-1 is safe as a biological drug for clinical use. In the preclinical drug efficacy experiment, virus-drug administration with different doses did not show abnormal signs and disease symptoms in more than 300 tested mice, and no side effects or death occurred through various administration routes. Intravenous administration did not cause acute infectious disease or other side effects. However, the replication capacity of the virus in tumor tissue via intravenous administration is only 1% of that of direct intratumoral administration. The direct intratumoral administration of DS1-H2-1 had a higher rate of viral replication. Therefore, choosing direct intratumoral injection can ensure both efficacy and safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oncolytic%20virus" title="oncolytic virus">oncolytic virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WNV-CD86" title=" WNV-CD86"> WNV-CD86</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotherapy%20drugs" title=" immunotherapy drugs"> immunotherapy drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glioma" title=" glioma"> glioma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroblastoma" title=" neuroblastoma"> neuroblastoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163981/double-spear-1-h2-1-oncolytic-immunotherapy-for-refractory-and-relapsing-high-risk-human-neuroblastoma-and-glioma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Portrayal of Pak-US Relations in Perspective of Bin Laden Killing by the Leading American and British Newspapers: A Content Analysis of the Guardian, the Telegraph, Washington Post and the New York Times</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20Ali">Shahzad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article expounds the coverage of Pak-US relations in the context of Osama Bin Laden killing in four selected leading newspapers of UK and the US viz The Telegraph, The Guardian, The New York Times and The Washington Post during the specific time period of three months, i.e., April-June, 2011. The study is scrutinized on the basis of Operation Neptune Spear. The research study is theoretically linked with the propaganda model of Herman and Chomsky and the Shoemaker and Reeve‘s theory of content effect, specifically the impact of foreign policy as a driving instrument influencing the nature and treatment of the coverage of Pak-US relations. The relations between Pakistan and USA are of great importance in the context of Bin Laden. The Pak-US relations were less aggravated and hostile in pre OBL period but post OBL period worsened these relations. It is also interesting to mention that the policies of these newspapers were dependent on the foreign policy of their countries. It was explored that the news coverage was found favorable as and when the relations Pakistan and the US or UK were cordial and smooth. And it turned into negative and unfavorable when the relations were in strain and deteriorating and endorsed various studies that the Western mainstream media tried to be more nationalistic in projecting official stance while covering foreign coverage instead of adhering to universal cannon of journalism, i.e., objectivity, fairness, and neutrality, etc. Overall 219 news items of these four selected newspapers regarding Pak-US relations in the context of pre and post OBL’s killing operation were undertaken for analysis. The ratio of negative slants was found higher as compared to the positive and neutral slants. Besides, the ratio of news items with unfavorable frames was found higher in post OBL operation in comparison of pre-era of the coverage related to Pak-US relations in the leading British and American newspapers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Bin%20Laden" title="Osama Bin Laden">Osama Bin Laden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USA" title=" USA"> USA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK" title=" UK"> UK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relations" title=" relations"> relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guardian" title=" Guardian"> Guardian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Washington%20Post" title=" Washington Post"> Washington Post</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Telegraph" title=" Telegraph"> Telegraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20York%20Times" title=" New York Times"> New York Times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Operation%20Neptune%20Spear" title=" Operation Neptune Spear"> Operation Neptune Spear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104962/portrayal-of-pak-us-relations-in-perspective-of-bin-laden-killing-by-the-leading-american-and-british-newspapers-a-content-analysis-of-the-guardian-the-telegraph-washington-post-and-the-new-york-times" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Phishing Attacks Facilitated by Open Source Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urva%20Maryam">Urva Maryam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The information has become an important asset to the current cosmos. Globally, various tactics are being observed to confine the spread of information as it makes people vulnerable to security attacks. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is a publicly available source that has disseminated information about users or websites, companies, and various organizations. This paper focuses on the quantitative method of exploring various OSINT tools that reveal public information of personals. This information could further facilitate phishing attacks. Phishing attacks can be launched on email addresses, open ports, and unsecure web-surfing. This study allows to analyze the information retrieved from OSINT tools, i.e. theHarvester, and Maltego that can be used to send phishing attacks to individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-mail%20spoofing" title="e-mail spoofing">e-mail spoofing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maltego" title=" Maltego"> Maltego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSINT" title=" OSINT"> OSINT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phishing" title=" phishing"> phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spear%20phishing" title=" spear phishing"> spear phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theHarvester" title=" theHarvester"> theHarvester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134607/phishing-attacks-facilitated-by-open-source-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Phishing Attacks Facilitated by Open Source Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urva%20Maryam">Urva Maryam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information has become an important asset to the current cosmos. Globally, various tactics are being observed to confine the spread of information as it makes people vulnerable to security attacks. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is a publicly available source that has disseminated information about users or website, companies, and various organizations. This paper focuses on the quantitative method of exploring various OSINT tools that reveal public information of personals. This information could further facilitate the phishing attacks. Phishing attacks can be launched on email addresses, open ports, and unsecured web-surfing. This study allows to analyze information retrieved from OSINT tools i.e., the Harvester, and Maltego, that can be used to send phishing attacks to individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSINT" title="OSINT">OSINT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phishing" title=" phishing"> phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spear%20phishing" title=" spear phishing"> spear phishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=email%20spoofing" title=" email spoofing"> email spoofing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20harvester" title=" the harvester"> the harvester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maltego" title=" maltego"> maltego</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159721/phishing-attacks-facilitated-by-open-source-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Evaluation of Interspecific Pollination of Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera Carried Out in the Ucayali Region-Peru</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Sotero">Victor Sotero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cindy%20Castro"> Cindy Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ena%20Velazco"> Ena Velazco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ursula%20Monteiro"> Ursula Monteiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dora%20Garcia"> Dora Garcia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to carry out the evaluation of the artificial pollination of the female flowers of E. oleifera with pollen of E. guineensis, to obtain the hybrid Palma OXG, which presents two characteristics of interest, such as high resistance to the disease of spear rot and high concentration of oleic acid. The works were carried out with matrices from the experimental fields and INIA in the Province of Colonel Portillo in the Ucayali Region-Peru. From the pollination of five species of E. oleifera, fruits were obtained in two of them, called O7 and O68, with a percentage of 23.6% and 18.6% of fertile fruits. When germination was carried out in a controlled environment of temperature, air, and humidity, only the O17 species were germinated with a yield of 68.7%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaeis%20ole%C3%ADfera" title="Elaeis oleífera">Elaeis oleífera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaeis%20guineensis" title=" Elaeis guineensis"> Elaeis guineensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20OXG" title=" palm OXG"> palm OXG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollination" title=" pollination"> pollination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150048/evaluation-of-interspecific-pollination-of-elaeis-guineensis-and-elaeis-oleifera-carried-out-in-the-ucayali-region-peru" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Influence of Ligature Tightening on Bone Fracture Risk in Interspinous Process Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Kyung%20Choi">Dae Kyung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Man%20Park"> Won Man Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungsoo%20Kim"> Kyungsoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoon%20Hyuk%20Kim"> Yoon Hyuk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interspinous process devices have been recently used due to its advantages such as minimal invasiveness and less subsidence of the implant to the osteoporotic bone. In this paper, we have analyzed the influences of ligature tightening of several interspinous process devices using finite element analysis. Four types of interspinous process implants were inserted to the L3-4 spinal motion segment based on their surgical protocols. Inferior plane of L4 vertebra was fixed and 7.5 Nm of extension moment were applied on superior plane of L3 vertebra with 400N of compressive load along follower load direction and pretension of the ligature. The stability of the spinal unit was high enough than that of intact model. The higher value of pretension in the ligature led the decrease of dynamic stabilization effect in cases of the WallisTM, DiamTM, Viking, and Spear®. The results of present study could be used to evaluate surgical option and validate the biomechanical characteristics of the spinal implants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interspinous%20process%20device" title="interspinous process device">interspinous process device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20fracture%20risk" title=" bone fracture risk"> bone fracture risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20spine" title=" lumbar spine"> lumbar spine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis "> finite element analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17346/influence-of-ligature-tightening-on-bone-fracture-risk-in-interspinous-process-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Socio-economic Baselining of Selected Icrmp Sites in Southwestern Cebu, Central Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Luz%20P.%20Vivas-rica">Rachel Luz P. Vivas-rica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20G.%20Delan"> Gloria G. Delan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20M.%20Corrales"> Christine M. Corrales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonso%20S.%20Piquero"> Alfonso S. Piquero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20A.%20Monte"> Irene A. Monte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ABSTRACT -Selected Integrated Coastal Resource Management Program (ICRMP) sites in Southwestern Cebu were studied employing a stratified proportional sampling method using semi-structured questionnaires. Four hundred sixteen (416) respondents from five barangays with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and four barangays without marine sanctuaries were considered in the study. Results showed similarity of socio-economic characteristics in terms of average age, majority were middle aged, and married. Households were male dominated, obtained low education for both MPA and Non-MPA areas. In terms of occupation, majority in both areas engaged in fulltime fishing however part time jobs as carpenter, construction worker, driver or farmer as another income source. Most of the households were nuclear families with average family size of five for both MPA and Non-MPA. Fishing experience ranged from less than 1 year to more than 50 years. Fishing grounds were within the 15 kilometer radius of each considered site. Even if the respondents were totally dependent on fishing as a major source of income, still their income is way below the poverty threshold both in the MPA and Non-MPA areas. This is further explained by the marginality of their fishing implements wherein majority uses gill nets, hook & line, spear and paddle boat in fishing. Their volume of catch from an average of 6 hours fishing expedition ranges from half a kilo to a maximum of 4 kilos. Majority are not members of fishing groups or organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20coastal%20resource%20management%20program" title="integrated coastal resource management program">integrated coastal resource management program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20protected%20areas" title=" marine protected areas"> marine protected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty%20threshold" title=" poverty threshold"> poverty threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39144/socio-economic-baselining-of-selected-icrmp-sites-in-southwestern-cebu-central-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Communities And Local Food Systems In The Post Pandemic World: Lessons For Kerala</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salimah%20Hasnah">Salimah Hasnah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namratha%20Radhakrishnan"> Namratha Radhakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communities play a vital role in mobilizing people and resources for the benefit of all. Since time immemorial, communities have been spear heading different activities ranging from disaster management, palliative care, local economic development and many more with laudable success. Urban agriculture is one such activity where communities can prove to make a real difference. Farming activities in cities across different developed countries have proved to have favorable outcomes in the form of increased food security, neighborhood revitalization, health benefits and local economic growth. However, urban agriculture in the developing nations have never been prioritized as an important planning tool to cater to the basic needs of the public. Urban agricultural practices are being carried out in a fragmented fashion without a formal backing. The urban dwellers rely heavily on their far-off rural counterparts for daily food requirements. With the onset of the pandemic and the recurring lockdowns, the significance of geographic proximity and its impact on the availability of food to the public are gradually being realized around the globe. This warrants a need for localized food systems by shortening the distance between production and consumption of food. The significance of communities in realizing these urban farming benefits is explored in this paper. A case-study approach is adopted to understand how different communities have overcome barriers to urban farming in cities. The applicability of these practices is validated against the state of Kerala in India wherein different community centered approaches have been successful in the past. The existing barriers are assessed and way forward to achieve a self-sufficient localized food systems is formulated with the key lessons from the case studies. These recommendations will be helpful to successfully establish and sustain farming activities in urban areas by leveraging the power of communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-centric" title="community-centric">community-centric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drivers%20and%20barriers" title=" drivers and barriers"> drivers and barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20food%20system" title=" local food system"> local food system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20agriculture" title=" urban agriculture"> urban agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145460/communities-and-local-food-systems-in-the-post-pandemic-world-lessons-for-kerala" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> “Multi-Sonic Timbre” of the Biula: The Integral Role of of Tropical Tonewood in Bajau Sama Dilaut Bowed Lute Acoustics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wong%20Siew%20Ngan">Wong Siew Ngan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Chie%20Tsang"> Lee Chie Tsang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20See%20Ling"> Lee See Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Ho%20Yi"> Lim Ho Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The selection of Tonewood is critical in defining tonal and acoustic qualities of string instruments, yet limited research exists on indigenous instruments utilizing tropical woods. This gap is addressed by analyzing the "multi-sonic timbre" of the Biula (Bajau Sama Dilaut), crafted by rainforest indigenous communities using locally accessible tropical species such as jackfruit and coconut, whose distinctive grain patterns, density, and moisture content, significantly contribute to the instrument’s rich harmonic spectrum and dynamic range. Unlike Western violins that utilize temperate woods like Maple and Spruce, the Biula's sound is shaped by the unique acoustic properties of these tropical tonewoods. To further investigate the impact of tropical tonewoods on the biula’s acoustics, frequency response tests were conducted on instruments constructed from various local species using SPEAR (Sinusoidal Partial Editing Analysis and Resynthesis) software for spectral analysis, measurements were taken of resonance frequencies, harmonic content, and sound decay rates. These analyses reveal that jackfruit wood produces warmer tones with enhanced lower frequencies, while coconut wood contributes to brighter timbres with pronounced higher harmonics. Building upon these findings, the materials and construction methods of biula bows were also examined. The study found that the variations in tropical hardwoods and locally sourced bow hair significantly influence the instrument's responsiveness and articulation, shaping its distinctive 'multi-sonic timbre.' These findings deepen the understanding of indigenous instrument acoustics, offering valuable insights for modern luthiers interested in tropical tonewoods. By documenting traditional crafting techniques, this research supports the preservation of cultural heritage and promotes appreciation of indigenous craftsmanship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sonic%20timbre" title="multi-sonic timbre">multi-sonic timbre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biula%20%28bajau%20sama%20dilaut%20bowed%20lute%29" title=" biula (bajau sama dilaut bowed lute)"> biula (bajau sama dilaut bowed lute)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20tonewoods" title=" tropical tonewoods"> tropical tonewoods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title=" spectral analysis"> spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20instrument%20acoustics" title=" indigenous instrument acoustics"> indigenous instrument acoustics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193152/multi-sonic-timbre-of-the-biula-the-integral-role-of-of-tropical-tonewood-in-bajau-sama-dilaut-bowed-lute-acoustics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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