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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_meadow">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 00:57, 19 August 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/86.52.114.223" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/86.52.114.223" data-mw-revid="621851001"><bdi>86.52.114.223</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:86.52.114.223" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:86.52.114.223">talk</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(M to m)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_meadow&diff=prev&oldid=621851001" title="Beach meadow">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_meadow&direction=prev&oldid=621851001" title="Beach meadow">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Beach_meadow" title="Beach meadow">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_meadow&diff=cur&oldid=621851001" title="Beach meadow">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_meadow&direction=next&oldid=621851001" title="Beach meadow">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_meadow&diff=next&oldid=621851001" title="Beach meadow">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg/220px-F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg/330px-F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg/440px-F%C3%A5r_og_lam_p%C3%A5_%C3%98vre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>The beach meadows on the island of <a href="/wiki/Endelave" title="Endelave">Endelave</a> (Denmark).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beach Meadows</b> are <a href="/wiki/Coastal_meadow" title="Coastal meadow">coastal meadows</a> influenced by the presence of the nearby sea. </p><p>Under this definition, the <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> of the air and wind is usually high and the meadows are often flooded during and after stormy weather. These conditions implies that the flora is dominated by salt-tolerant species. But that alone does not make a <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadow</a>. To be categorized as a meadow in the first place, the plantgrowth has to be low in height, and normally this can only be obtained by traffic or grazing the landscape, either artificially or by <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>. Beach meadows are therefore usually thought of as cultural landscapes or <a href="/wiki/Biotope" title="Biotope">biotopes</a>, requiring some degree of intervention and not being able to sustain itself on its own. If left to their own, beach meadows would transform into a socalled <a href="/wiki/Meadow#Transitional_meadows" title="Meadow">transitional meadow</a> and eventually a shrubby or bushy <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">seashore</a> habitat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2></div> <p>As explained, beach meadows are fundamentally an unstable nature type and this condition have an important influence on the flora and fauna found here. Beach meadows are characterized by a number of plants and animals, that could not have thrived, if the habitat was left to a natural development. The grazing (or traffic) hinders bushes, trees and shrubs to get the upper hand and allows low-growth plants to emerge and dominate. This again attracts and supports a special fauna that would change character, if the beach meadow were left to its own. The specific flora and fauna is of course determined by the general climate and geography of the beach meadow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3></div> <p>Beach meadows offers a variety of opportunities to many birds, primarily <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gulls</a>. Many species are resting here during <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a> and they are feeding in the small ponds. A number of bird species use them as breeding grounds, especially on islands without predators like fox, <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae"><i>mustelidae</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Raccoon_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Raccoon dog">raccoon dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">wolverines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polecat" title="Polecat">polecats</a>, etc.) or the like. Introducing even small numbers of predators to beach meadow habitats, can wreak havoc on the bird populations, as they have unrestricted access to eggs and birds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beach_meadow_localities">Beach meadow localities</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> have several beach meadow localities. Large and well-developed meadows can primarily be found in the <a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limfjord" title="Limfjord">Limfjord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isefjord" class="mw-redirect" title="Isefjord">Isefjord</a> areas and on the islands of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6s%C3%B8" title="Læsø">Læsø</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lolland" title="Lolland">Lolland</a>, but there are many other smaller beach meadows throughout this lowlying country. On the <a href="/wiki/Faroese_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese Islands">Faroese Islands</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> '<a href="/wiki/Fell" title="Fell">fell</a> meadows' can be found. They are usually not flooded by seawater, so it could be argued if they are truly beach meadows. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and some parts of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, have extensive 'fell meadows'. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a>, there are several beach meadows. <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> can present true beach meadows on <a href="/wiki/%C3%96land" title="Öland">Öland</a> and in some parts of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> fx. and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> has large beach meadows of international importance to <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory birds</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> have several beach meadows locales throughout. They can be found in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> and the country of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> have several. Here the coast often consists of high cliffs, so the meadows are usually not flooded by seawater and strictly speaking they would be classified as 'coastal meadows' or '<a href="/wiki/Fell" title="Fell">fell</a> meadows'. Examples can be found on the <a href="/wiki/Lleyn_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lleyn Peninsula">Lleyn Peninsula</a>, where cattle are grazing. <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> have many <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fell_meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fell meadows (page does not exist)">fell meadows</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> have large areas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fell_meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fell meadows (page does not exist)">fell meadows</a> with grazing cattle. </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">American continent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> can present extensive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fell_meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fell meadows (page does not exist)">fell meadows</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> fx.. </p><p>As the practices of grazing cattles are diminishing in many places - especially the <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">industrialized</a> parts -, the stress of overgrowth are endangering them as meadow habitats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood-meadow" title="Flood-meadow">Flood-meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-meadow" title="Water-meadow">Water-meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_meadow" title="Wet meadow">Wet meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_prairie" class="mw-disambig" title="Coastal prairie">Coastal prairie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_litterature">Sources and litterature</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beach_meadows" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beach meadows">Beach meadows</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Lorenz Ferdinand: "Fuglene i landskabet" (Større danske fuglelokaliteter Bind II; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, København 1980; ISBN 87-87604-03-5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Da-icon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Da-icon (page does not exist)">Template:Da-icon</a></li> <li>Peter Vestergaard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturstyrelsen.dk/NR/rdonlyres/7BB6C24F-18D6-4C3A-BCE4-14FA6F86F403/0/Strandenge.pdf">Beach Meadows (PDF)</a> Danish Ministry of Nature and the Environment (2000), ISBN 87-12-03554-8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Da-icon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Da-icon (page does not exist)">Template:Da-icon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturstyrelsen.dk/Naturbeskyttelse/National_naturbeskyttelse/Paragraf3/Naturpleje/Strandenge/">Beach Meadows</a> Danish Nature Agency <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Da-icon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Da-icon (page does not exist)">Template:Da-icon</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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