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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: James Kairo</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: James Kairo"> <meta name="keywords" content="James Kairo"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="James Kairo"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 352</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: James Kairo</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> To Stay or to Go: The Death Penalty Phenomenon and the Dilemma of the Nigerian Government</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Etim%20Archibong">James Etim Archibong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The death penalty, to be or not to be, is a topical and hugely divisive issue in several countries. The United Nations recommends its universal abolition. Europe has abolished it, while some countries limit the practice to heinous crimes. Nigeria is one of the countries that have retained the death penalty. In 2004, the federal government placed a moratorium on execution, which was breached in 2006, 2013 and 2016. Nigeria currently has about three thousand inmates on death row because governors are reluctant to sign execution warrants. Human rights groups have consistently called for its abolition in Nigeria, but this has been rebuffed by the government. Nigeria currently finds itself in a dilemma between the global campaign to end the practice and the local support for its retention. This paper, employing a doctrinal approach, examines the concept of capital punishment in Nigeria from the first execution in 1971 to date. It has also examined the debate to abolish or retain it against the backdrop of Nigeria’s present social, economic and multicultural circumstances. It finds that the death penalty is a human right issue and Nigeria should join the majority of states that have dispensed with the practice. While the government contemplates which way to go, amid the impasse, the paper recommends, in the interim, an official, legally backed a moratorium on execution; commuting of death sentences to life imprisonment, and eventually expunging it from the constitution in the ongoing constitutional review. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death%20penalty" title="death penalty">death penalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20punishment" title=" capital punishment"> capital punishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterrence" title=" deterrence"> deterrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20life" title=" right to life"> right to life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140585/to-stay-or-to-go-the-death-penalty-phenomenon-and-the-dilemma-of-the-nigerian-government" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> The Mineral and Petroleum Sectors of Papua New Guinea: An Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Wapyer">James Wapyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20A.%20Kawagle"> Simon A. Kawagle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current downturn in the metal and oil prices has significantly affected the mineral and petroleum sectors of Papua New Guinea. The sectors have not grown substantially in the last three years compared to previous years. Resources of several projects have not been proved up as well as feasibility studies not undertaken on advanced projects. In the 2012-2015 periods, however, development licences for four projects have been granted - the Solwara-1 project in the Manus Basin, the Woodlark project, the Crater Mountains project and the Stanley gas-condensate project. There has been some progress on three advanced projects – Frieda River copper-gold porphyry, Mount Kare gold, and the Wafi-Golpu projects. The oilfields are small by world standard but have been high rates of production. The developments of liquefied natural gas projects are progressing well and the first LNG project with ExxonMobil and partners shipped its first cargo in May 2014, the second with Total and partners involving Elk-Antelope gas-condensate fields is in its development stage, and the third with Horizon Oil and partners involving gas fields in the western Papuan basin is in the planning stage. Significantly, in the years 2012-2015, the country has exported liquefied natural gas, nickel, cobalt and chromium, and has granted exploration licences for iron-sands and coal measures for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration" title="exploration">exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papua%20New%20Guinea" title=" Papua New Guinea"> Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68944/the-mineral-and-petroleum-sectors-of-papua-new-guinea-an-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Simulation of Hydrogenated Boron Nitride Nanotube’s Mechanical Properties for Radiation Shielding Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20E.%20Estevez">Joseph E. Estevez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Ghazizadeh"> Mahdi Ghazizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20G.%20Ryan"> James G. Ryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20D.%20Kelkar"> Ajit D. Kelkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation shielding is an obstacle in long duration space exploration. Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) have attracted attention as an additive to radiation shielding material due to B10’s large neutron capture cross section. The B10 has an effective neutron capture cross section suitable for low energy neutrons ranging from 10-5 to 104 eV and hydrogen is effective at slowing down high energy neutrons. Hydrogenated BNNTs are potentially an ideal nanofiller for radiation shielding composites. We use Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation via Material Studios Accelrys 6.0 to model the Young’s Modulus of Hydrogenated BNNTs. An extrapolation technique was employed to determine the Young’s Modulus due to the deformation of the nanostructure at its theoretical density. A linear regression was used to extrapolate the data to the theoretical density of 2.62g/cm3. Simulation data shows that the hydrogenated BNNTs will experience a 11% decrease in the Young’s Modulus for (6,6) BNNTs and 8.5% decrease for (8,8) BNNTs compared to non-hydrogenated BNNT’s. Hydrogenated BNNTs are a viable option as a nanofiller for radiation shielding nanocomposite materials for long range and long duration space exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boron%20nitride%20nanotube" title="boron nitride nanotube">boron nitride nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20shielding" title=" radiation shielding"> radiation shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20modulus" title=" young modulus"> young modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomistic%20modeling" title=" atomistic modeling"> atomistic modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1517/simulation-of-hydrogenated-boron-nitride-nanotubes-mechanical-properties-for-radiation-shielding-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> Assessing the Mechanical Safety, Durability, Strength, and Stability of Wooden Furniture Produced in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Seidu">Haruna Seidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Wilson%20Owusu"> Francis Wilson Owusu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Mensah"> Michael Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Boakye"> Felix Boakye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Korang"> James Korang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Ibrahim"> Safia Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years, wooden furniture produced in Ghana had no means of testing their products against standards. It was therefore difficult for such furniture producers to know whether their products conform to international standards. The setting up of the ISO 17025 compliant laboratory has become a reference and accessing point for determining the quality of the furniture they produce. The objective of the study includes the determination of mechanical safety, durability, strength, and stability of wooden furniture produced in Ghana. Twelve wooden furniture manufacturers were randomly selected to design furniture (chairs and tables) for testing. 9 out of the 12 produced chairs, and three provided tables. Standard testing methods were used in this experiment, including GS EN 581-1, GS EN 581-2, and GS EN 581-3. The test results analysis indicates 55.6% of the chairs tested passed all applicable tests. 66.7% of tables tested passed all the applicable tests. The percentage pass and failure of the 12 furniture were 58.3% and 41.7% respectively. In conclusion, chair manufacturers had good designs that withstand the standard testing of strength and durability; most failures occurred largely as a result of poor stability designs adopted for the construction of the chairs and tables. It was observed that the manufacturers did not use the software in designing their furniture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title="durability">durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20standards" title=" international standards"> international standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20safety" title=" mechanical safety"> mechanical safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wooden%20furniture%20design" title=" wooden furniture design"> wooden furniture design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136237/assessing-the-mechanical-safety-durability-strength-and-stability-of-wooden-furniture-produced-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> City-Wide Simulation on the Effects of Optimal Appliance Scheduling in a Time-of-Use Residential Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolph%20Carl%20Barrientos">Rudolph Carl Barrientos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juwaln%20Diego%20Descallar"> Juwaln Diego Descallar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rainer%20James%20Palmiano"> Rainer James Palmiano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Household Appliance Scheduling Systems (HASS) coupled with a Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing scheme, a form of Demand Side Management (DSM), is not widely utilized in the Philippines’ residential electricity sector. This paper’s goal is to encourage distribution utilities (DUs) to adopt HASS and TOU by analyzing the effect of household schedulers on the electricity price and load profile in a residential environment. To establish this, a city based on an implemented survey is generated using Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA). Then, a Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm-based HASS is developed considering user satisfaction, electricity budget, appliance prioritization, energy storage systems, solar power, and electric vehicles. The simulations were assessed under varying levels of user compliance. Results showed that the average electricity cost, peak demand, and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of the city load profile were all reduced. Therefore, the deployment of the HASS and TOU pricing scheme is beneficial for both stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appliance%20scheduling" title="appliance scheduling">appliance scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSM" title=" DSM"> DSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOU" title=" TOU"> TOU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BPSO" title=" BPSO"> BPSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city-wide%20simulation" title=" city-wide simulation"> city-wide simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appliance%20prioritization" title=" appliance prioritization"> appliance prioritization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20system" title=" energy storage system"> energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20power" title=" solar power"> solar power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155938/city-wide-simulation-on-the-effects-of-optimal-appliance-scheduling-in-a-time-of-use-residential-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> An Exploratory Study of Effects of Parenting Styles on Maternal Expectation and Perception of Compliance among Adolescents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20James">Anton James</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the contribution of parenting styles in the Maternal Perception of Compliance Model (MPCM). This model explores maternal expectations to illustrate the formation of maternal perception of severity of noncompliance in adolescent children. The methodology consisted of three stages: In the first stage, a focus group was held, and the data was analysed to fine-tune the interview schedule. In the second stage, a single interview was held, and the interview schedule was further modified. The third and the final stage consisted of interviewing six mothers who had adolescent children. They were chosen with ‘maximum variation’ approach to represent three tiered socioeconomic statuses, and Asian, white and black ethnicities. The data was thematically analysed in a hybrid fashion: inductive coding and deductive assignment of codes into discrete parenting styles. The study found: a) parenting styles are not always discrete and sometimes it can be mixed. b) The parenting styles are influenced by culture, socioeconomic status, transgenerational knowledge, academic knowledge, observational knowledge, self-reflective knowledge, and parental anxiety. c) The parenting style functioned a mediating mechanism where it attempted to converge discrepancies between parental expectations of compliance with maternal perception of severity of noncompliance. The findings of parenting styles were discussed in relation to MPCM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title="compliance">compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation" title=" expectation"> expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting%20styles" title=" parenting styles"> parenting styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75138/an-exploratory-study-of-effects-of-parenting-styles-on-maternal-expectation-and-perception-of-compliance-among-adolescents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Efficiency of Using E-Wallets as Payment Method in Marikina City During COVID-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noel%20Paolo%20Domingo">Noel Paolo Domingo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Paul%20Menina"> James Paul Menina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurente%20Ferrer"> Laurente Ferrer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most people were forced to stay at home and limit their physical contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the situation, strict implementation of government policies and safety protocols encouraged consumers to utilize cashless or digital transactions through e-wallets. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate the efficiency of using e-wallets as a payment method during the COVID-19 pandemic in Marikina City. The study examined the efficiency of e-wallets in terms of Usefulness, Convenience, and Safety and Security based on respondents’ assessment. Questionnaires developed by the researchers were distributed to a total of 400 e-wallet users in Marikina City aged 15 years old and above to gather data by using a purposive sampling technique. The data collected was processed using SPSS version 26. Frequency, percentage, and mean were utilized to describe the profile of respondents and their assessment of e-wallets in terms of the three constructs. ANOVA and t-tests were also employed to test the significant differences in the respondent’s assessment when the demographic profile was considered. The study revealed that when it comes to usefulness, e-wallet is efficient while in terms of convenience, and safety and security, e-wallet has been proven to be very efficient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing e-wallets has been embraced by most consumers. By enhancing its features, more people will be satisfied with using e-wallets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20e-wallets" title="efficiency of e-wallets">efficiency of e-wallets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usefulness" title=" usefulness"> usefulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convenience" title=" convenience"> convenience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20and%20security" title=" safety and security"> safety and security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167952/efficiency-of-using-e-wallets-as-payment-method-in-marikina-city-during-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> When the ‘Buddha’s Tree Itself Becomes a Rhizome’: The Religious Itinerant, Nomad Science and the Buddhist State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Taylor">James Taylor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers the political, geo-philosophical musings of Deleuze and Guattari on spatialisation, place and movement in relation to the religious nomad (wandering ascetics and reclusive forest monks) inhabiting the borderlands of Thailand. A nomadic science involves improvised ascetic practices between the molar lines striated by modern state apparatuses. The wandering ascetics, inhabiting a frontier political ecology, stand in contrast to the appropriating, sedentary metaphysics and sanctifying arborescence of statism and its corollary place-making, embedded in rootedness and territorialisation. It is argued that the religious nomads, residing on the endo-exteriorities of the state, came to represent a rhizomatic and politico-ontological threat to centre-nation and its apparatus of capture. The paper also theorises transitions and movement at the borderlands in the context of the state’s monastic reforms. These reforms, and its pervasive royal science, problematised the interstitial zones of the early ascetic wanderers in their radical cross-cutting networks and lines, moving within and across demarcated frontiers. Indeed, the ascetic wanderers and their allegorical war machine were seen as a source of wild, free-floating charisma and mystical power, eventually appropriated by the centre-nation in it’s becoming unitary and fixed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deleuze%20and%20Guattari" title="Deleuze and Guattari">Deleuze and Guattari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20nomad" title=" religious nomad"> religious nomad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centre-nation" title=" centre-nation"> centre-nation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borderlands" title=" borderlands"> borderlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title=" Buddhism"> Buddhism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160506/when-the-buddhas-tree-itself-becomes-a-rhizome-the-religious-itinerant-nomad-science-and-the-buddhist-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Arundo Donax (Giant Reed) Phytoremediation Function of Chromium (Cr) Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeg%20Abdurahman">Sadeg Abdurahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20Stockle"> Claudio Stockle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Harsh"> James Harsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Beutel"> Marc Beutel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Zaher"> Usama Zaher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollution of the environment is a phenomenon which has taken a big part of importance of the world governments since the second half of the last century, this takes dangerous environmental, economic and social ranges dimensions especially after industrial advancement in industrialized country and good industrial expansion supported with modern technology and as chromium is known to be used in tannery factories. Chromium is considered a harm element to the environment due to its danger and transference through food, air, and water to the plants, animals and people. In this study the capacity of Arundo donax against chromium pollution was conducted. A. donax plants were grown-up under greenhouse conditions in pots contain nursery soil and feeding by Cr synthetic wastewater (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 ) for four weeks. Leaves, roots and stems dry matter production, color degree values, chlorophyll, growth parameters, and morphological characters were measured. The high Cr concentration was in roots was 1.15 mg kg-1 . Similarly, Cr concentration in stem was 0.469 mg kg-1 at 2.0 mg L-1 supplied Cr. In case of leaves, the maximum Cr concentration was 0.345 mg kg-1 at 2.0 g L-1 supplied Cr. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors was calculated. The macrophyte A. donax L. may be considered to be the most promising plant species in remediation of Cr-contaminated soil and wastewater due to its deeper root system as well as has higher efficiency to absorb chromium and other heavy metals as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arundo%20donax" title="Arundo donax">Arundo donax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chromium%20pollution" title=" Chromium pollution"> Chromium pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater "> wastewater </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19981/arundo-donax-giant-reed-phytoremediation-function-of-chromium-cr-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Experiments on Weakly-Supervised Learning on Imperfect Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Cheng">Yan Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yijun%20Shao"> Yijun Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Rudolph"> James Rudolph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlene%20R.%20Weir"> Charlene R. Weir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beth%20Sahlmann"> Beth Sahlmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Zeng-Treitler"> Qing Zeng-Treitler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supervised predictive models require labeled data for training purposes. Complete and accurate labeled data, i.e., a ‘gold standard’, is not always available, and imperfectly labeled data may need to serve as an alternative. An important question is if the accuracy of the labeled data creates a performance ceiling for the trained model. In this study, we trained several models to recognize the presence of delirium in clinical documents using data with annotations that are not completely accurate (i.e., weakly-supervised learning). In the external evaluation, the support vector machine model with a linear kernel performed best, achieving an area under the curve of 89.3% and accuracy of 88%, surpassing the 80% accuracy of the training sample. We then generated a set of simulated data and carried out a series of experiments which demonstrated that models trained on imperfect data can (but do not always) outperform the accuracy of the training data, e.g., the area under the curve for some models is higher than 80% when trained on the data with an error rate of 40%. Our experiments also showed that the error resistance of linear modeling is associated with larger sample size, error type, and linearity of the data (all p-values < 0.001). In conclusion, this study sheds light on the usefulness of imperfect data in clinical research via weakly-supervised learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakly-supervised%20learning" title="weakly-supervised learning">weakly-supervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delirium" title=" delirium"> delirium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99362/experiments-on-weakly-supervised-learning-on-imperfect-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Total Parenteral Nutrition Wastage: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Small District General Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faizan%20Butt">Muhammad Faizan Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ambreen%20Tahir"> Maria Ambreen Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20James%20Pilkington"> Joshua James Pilkington</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Warsi"> A. A. Warsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) use within the NHS is crucial in the prevention of malnourishment. TPN prescriptions are tailored to an individual patient’s needs. TPN bags come in fixed sizes, and minimizing wastage has financial and sustainability implications for the health service. The aim of the study is to assess current prescribing practices, look at the volume of TPN wastage and identify reasons for it. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study on TPN prescriptions over a period of 1 year (Jan-Dec 2022) was performed. All patients prescribed TPN that had been admitted under a general surgery consultant in a small district hospital were included. Data were extracted from hospital electronic records and dietician charts. Data were described, and reasons for TPN wastage were explored. Results: 49 patients were identified. The average length of TPN prescription was 8 days (median). This totaled 608 prescriptions. Of the bags prescribed, 258, 169, and 181 were 10g (2500ml), 14g (2000ml), and 18g (2000ml), respectively. The mean volume wasted from each type of bag was 634ml, 634ml, and 648ml, respectively. Reasons for TPN wastage identified were: no loss (25%), smaller bags not available (53.6%), step-down regime (8.1%), and other (12.2%). Conclusion: This study has identified that the current stocking and prescribing of TPN within a district general hospital leads to a significant wastage of 638.2ml (average). The commonest reason for wastage is the non-availability of a more appropriate sized bag. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20surgery" title="general surgery">general surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPN" title=" TPN"> TPN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastage" title=" wastage"> wastage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165263/total-parenteral-nutrition-wastage-a-retrospective-cohort-study-in-a-small-district-general-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Patient Reported Outcome Measures Post Implant Based Reconstruction Basildon Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danny%20Fraser">Danny Fraser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Zhang"> James Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the study: Our study aims to identify any statistically significant evidence as it relates to PROMs for mastectomy and implant-based reconstruction to guide future surgical management. Method: The demographic, pre and post-operative treatment and implant characteristics were collected of all patients at Basildon hospital who underwent breast reconstruction from 2017-2023. We used the Breast-Q psychosocial well-being, physical well-being, and satisfaction with breasts scales. An Independent t-test was conducted for each group, and linear regression of age and implant size. Results: 69 patients were contacted, and 39 PROMs returned. The mean age of patients was 57.6. 40% had smoked before, and 40.8% had BMI>30. 29 had pre-pectoral placement, and 40 had subpectoral placement. 17 had smooth implants, and 52 textured. Sub pectoral placement was associated with higher (75.7 vs. 61.9 p=0.046) psychosocial scores than pre pectoral, and textured implants were associated with a lower physical score than the smooth surface (34.7 VS 50.2 P=0.046). On linear regression, age was positively associated (p=0.007) with psychosocial score. Conclusion: We present a large cohort of patients who underwent breast reconstruction. Understanding the PROMs of these procedures can guide clinicians, patients and policy makers to be more informed of the course of rehabilitation of these operations. Significance: We have found that from a patient perspective subpectoral implant placement was associated with a statistically significant improvement in psychosocial scores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20surgery" title="breast surgery">breast surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastectomy" title=" mastectomy"> mastectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20implants" title=" breast implants"> breast implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oncology" title=" oncology"> oncology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183040/patient-reported-outcome-measures-post-implant-based-reconstruction-basildon-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Sustainable Development of Medium Strength Concrete Using Polypropylene as Aggregate Replacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Keihani">Reza Keihani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Bahadori-Jahromi"> Ali Bahadori-Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20James%20Clacy"> Timothy James Clacy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic as an environmental burden is a well-rehearsed topic in the research area. This is due to its global demand and destructive impacts on the environment, which has been a significant concern to the governments. Typically, the use of plastic in the construction industry is seen across low-density, non-structural applications due to its diverse range of benefits including high strength-to-weight ratios, manipulability and durability. It can be said that with the level of plastic consumption experienced in the construction industry, an ongoing responsibility is shown for this sector to continually innovate alternatives for application of recycled plastic waste such as using plastic made replacement from polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl and polypropylene in the concrete mix design. In this study, the impact of partially replaced fine aggregate with polypropylene in the concrete mix design was investigated to evaluate the concrete’s compressive strength by conducting an experimental work which comprises of six concrete mix batches with polypropylene replacements ranging from 0.5 to 3.0%. The results demonstrated a typical decline in the compressive strength with the addition of plastic aggregate, despite this reduction generally mitigated as the level of plastic in the concrete mix increased. Furthermore, two of the six plastic-containing concrete mixes tested in the current study exceeded the ST5 standardised prescribed concrete mix compressive strength requirement at 28-days containing 1.50% and 2.50% plastic aggregates, which demonstrated the potential for use of recycled polypropylene in structural applications, as a partial by mass, fine aggregate replacement in the concrete mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108936/sustainable-development-of-medium-strength-concrete-using-polypropylene-as-aggregate-replacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Location and Group Specific Differences in Human-Macaque Interactions in Singapore: Implications for Conflict Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikantan%20L.%20Jayasri">Srikantan L. Jayasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Gan"> James Gan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The changes in Singapore’s land use, natural preference of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to live in forest edges and their adaptability has led to interface between humans and macaques. Studies have shown that two-third of human-macaque interactions in Singapore were related to human food. We aimed to assess differences among macaques groups in their dependence on human food and interaction with humans as indicators of the level of interface. Field observations using instantaneous scan sampling and all occurrence ad-lib sampling were carried out for 23 macaque groups over 28 days recording 71.5 hours of observations. Data on macaque behaviour, demography, frequency, and nature of human-macaque interactions were collected. None of the groups were found to completely rely on human food source. Of the 23 groups, 40% of them were directly or indirectly provisioned by humans. One-third of the groups observed engaged in some form of interactions with the humans. Three groups that were directly fed by humans contributed to 83% of the total human-macaque interactions observed during the study. Our study indicated that interactions between humans and macaques exist in specific groups and in those fed by humans regularly. Although feeding monkeys is illegal in Singapore, such incidents seem to persist in specific locations. We emphasize the importance of group and location-specific assessment of the existing human-wildlife interactions. Conflict management strategies developed should be location specific to address the cause of interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primates" title="primates">primates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southeast%20Asia" title=" Southeast Asia"> Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildlife%20management" title=" wildlife management"> wildlife management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25887/location-and-group-specific-differences-in-human-macaque-interactions-in-singapore-implications-for-conflict-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Characterization of Fatty Acid Glucose Esters as Os9BGlu31 Transglucosidase Substrates in Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juthamath%20Komvongsa">Juthamath Komvongsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bancha%20Mahong"> Bancha Mahong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannika%20Phasai"> Kannika Phasai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukanya%20Luang"> Sukanya Luang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Seong%20Jeon"> Jong-Seong Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Ketudat-Cairns"> James Ketudat-Cairns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Os9BGlu31 is a rice transglucosidase that transfers glucosyl moieties to various acceptors such as carboxylic acids and alcohols, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, in vitro. The role of Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase in rice plant metabolism has not been reported to date. Methanolic extracts of rice bran and flag leaves were found to contain substrates to which Os9BGlu31 could transfer glucose from 4-nitrophenyl β -D-glucopyranoside donor. The semi-purified substrate from rice bran was found to contain oleic acid and linoleic acid and the pure fatty acids were found to act as acceptor substrates for Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase to form 1-O-acyl glucose esters. Os9BGlu31 showed higher activity with oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) than stearic acid (18:0), and had both higher kcat and higher Km for linoleic than oleic acid in the presence of 8 mM 4NPGlc donor. This transglucosidase reaction is reversible, Os9bglu31 knockout rice lines of flag leaves were found to have higher amounts of fatty acid glucose esters than wild type control lines, these data conclude that fatty acid glucose esters act as glucosyl donor substrates for Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase in rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title="fatty acid">fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20glucose%20ester" title=" fatty acid glucose ester"> fatty acid glucose ester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transglucosidase" title=" transglucosidase"> transglucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20flag%20leaf" title=" rice flag leaf"> rice flag leaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines" title=" homologous knockout lines"> homologous knockout lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandam%20mass%20spectrometry" title=" tandam mass spectrometry"> tandam mass spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42160/characterization-of-fatty-acid-glucose-esters-as-os9bglu31-transglucosidase-substrates-in-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Secondary Metabolites Identified from a Pseudoalteromonas rubra Bacterial Strain Isolated from a Fijian Marine Alga</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Sinclair">James Sinclair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katy%20Soapi"> Katy Soapi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brad%20Carte"> Brad Carte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marine environment has continuously demonstrated to be a rich source of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds that can address the many pharmaceutical problems facing mankind. The emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens has caused scientists to explore contemporary ways of combating these super bugs. A red-pigmented bacterial strain isolated from a marine alga collected in Fiji was identified to be Pseudoalteromonas rubra from 16s rRNA sequencing. This bacterial strain was cultured using a yeast-peptone media and incubated for five days. The ethyl acetate extract of this bacterium was subjected to chromatographic separation techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography, flash chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography to yield the pure compound and a number of semi-pure fractions. The crude extract and subsequent purified fractions were analyzed by ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy and was found to contain the compounds ivermectin, stenothricin, cyclo-L-pro-L-val, prodigiosin, mycophenolic acid, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, eplerenone, staurosporine and pseudoalteromone A. The structure of the pure compound, pseudoalteromone A, was elucidated using NMR 1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC spectroscopic data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudoalteromonas%20rubra" title="Pseudoalteromonas rubra">Pseudoalteromonas rubra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudoalteromone%20A" title=" Pseudoalteromone A"> Pseudoalteromone A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20elucidation" title=" structure elucidation"> structure elucidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79491/secondary-metabolites-identified-from-a-pseudoalteromonas-rubra-bacterial-strain-isolated-from-a-fijian-marine-alga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Toward the Understanding of Shadow Port's Growth: The Level of Shadow Port</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chayakarn%20Bamrungbutr">Chayakarn Bamrungbutr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Sillitoe"> James Sillitoe </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term ‘shadow port’ is used to describe a port whose markets are dominated by an adjacent port that has a more competitive capability. Recently, researchers have put effort into studying the mechanisms of how a regional port, in the shadow of a nearby predominant port which is a capital city port, can compete and grow. However, such mechanism is still unclear. This study thus focuses on understanding the growth of shadow port and the type of shadow port by using the two capital city ports of Thailand; Bangkok port (the former main port) and Laem Chabang port (the current main port), as the case study. By developing an understanding of the mechanisms of shadow, port could ultimately lead to an increase in the competitiveness. In this study, a framework of opportunity capture (introduced by Magala, 2004) will be used to create a framework for the study of the growth of the selected shadow port. In the process of building this framework, five groups of port development experts, consisting of government, council, academia, logistics provider and industry, will be interviewed. To facilitate this work, the Noticing, Collecting and Thinking model which was developed by Seidel (1998) will be used in an analysis of the dataset. The resulting analysis will be used to classify the type of shadow port. The type of these ports will be a significant factor for developing a feasible strategic guideline for the future management planning of ports, particularly, shadow ports, and then to increase the competitiveness of a nation’s maritime transport industry, and eventually lead to a boost in the national economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadow%20port" title="shadow port">shadow port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangkok%20Port" title=" Bangkok Port"> Bangkok Port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laem%20Chabang%20Port" title=" Laem Chabang Port"> Laem Chabang Port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port%20growth" title=" port growth"> port growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85068/toward-the-understanding-of-shadow-ports-growth-the-level-of-shadow-port" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Starting Order Eight Method Accurately for the Solution of First Order Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Adewale">James Adewale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Sunday"> Joshua Sunday</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we developed a linear multistep method, which is implemented in predictor corrector-method. The corrector is developed by method of collocation and interpretation of power series approximate solutions at some selected grid points, to give a continuous linear multistep method, which is evaluated at some selected grid points to give a discrete linear multistep method. The predictors were also developed by method of collocation and interpolation of power series approximate solution, to give a continuous linear multistep method. The continuous linear multistep method is then solved for the independent solution to give a continuous block formula, which is evaluated at some selected grid point to give discrete block method. Basic properties of the corrector were investigated and found to be zero stable, consistent and convergent. The efficiency of the method was tested on some linear, non-learn, oscillatory and stiff problems of first order, initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. The results were found to be better in terms of computer time and error bound when compared with the existing methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictor" title="predictor">predictor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrector" title=" corrector"> corrector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation" title=" collocation"> collocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title=" interpolation"> interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%20solution" title=" approximate solution"> approximate solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20solution" title=" independent solution"> independent solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20stable" title=" zero stable"> zero stable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consistent" title=" consistent"> consistent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent" title=" convergent"> convergent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17775/starting-order-eight-method-accurately-for-the-solution-of-first-order-initial-value-problems-of-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Effect of the Nature of Silica Precursor in Zeolite ZSM-22 Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyiko%20M.%20Chauke">Nyiko M. Chauke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Ramontja"> James Ramontja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20M.%20Moutloali"> Richard M. Moutloali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The zeolite ZSM-22 material demonstrated effective hydrophilic character as a nanoadditive filler in the preparation of nanocomposite membranes. In this study, nanorods ZSM-22 zeolite materials were hydrothermally synthesised from a homogenous gel mixture prepared using different silica precursors: colloidal silica, fumed silica, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and aluminium precursor: aluminium sulphate octadecahydrate (Al₂(SO₄)₃.18H₂O to Si/Al of 60. This was focused on developing a defect-free zeolite framework for effective use in applications such as membrane separation process, adsorption, and catalysis. The obtained ZSM-22 zeolite materials with 60 Si/Al ratio exhibits high crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and needle-like morphologies, suggesting successful synthesis as shown by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) physicochemical analysis. It was revealed that the use of different nature of silica precursors significantly influenced the properties of the final product and contributed to the development of defect-free zeolite material. As such, the crystalline nanorods of Theta-1 (TON) ZSM-22 obtained from TEOS silica showed high phase purity, defect-free, and narrow particle size distribution. Morphological analysis exhibited that the use of TEOS as silica precursor was effective than its counterparts and produced high crystalline need-like agglomerated particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20precursor" title="silica precursor">silica precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title=" hydrothermal synthesis"> hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20material" title=" zeolite material"> zeolite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZSM-22" title=" ZSM-22"> ZSM-22</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121139/effect-of-the-nature-of-silica-precursor-in-zeolite-zsm-22-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Comparison of Quality Indices for Sediment Assessment in Ireland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20%20Bibi">Tayyaba Bibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20%20Ronan"> Jenny Ronan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20%20Hernan"> Robert Hernan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20%20O%E2%80%99Rourke"> Kathleen O’Rourke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brendan%20%20McHugh"> Brendan McHugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evin%20%20McGovern"> Evin McGovern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20%20Giltrap"> Michelle Giltrap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%20Chambers"> Gordon Chambers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Wilson"> James Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sediment contamination is a major source of ecosystem stress and has received significant attention from the scientific community. Both the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) require a robust set of tools for biological and chemical monitoring. For the MSFD in particular, causal links between contaminant and effects need to be assessed. Appropriate assessment tools are required in order to make an accurate evaluation. In this study, a range of recommended sediment bioassays and chemical measurements are assessed in a number of potentially impacted and lowly impacted locations around Ireland. Previously, assessment indices have been developed on individual compartments, i.e. contaminant levels or biomarker/bioassay responses. A number of assessment indices are applied to chemical and ecotoxicological data from the Seachange project (Project code) and compared including the metal pollution index (MPI), pollution load index (PLI) and Chapman index for chemistry as well as integrated biomarker response (IBR). The benefits and drawbacks of the use of indices and aggregation techniques are discussed. In addition to this, modelling of raw data is investigated to analyse links between contaminant and effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioassays" title="bioassays">bioassays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20indices" title=" contamination indices"> contamination indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotoxicity" title=" ecotoxicity"> ecotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20environment" title=" marine environment"> marine environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediments" title=" sediments"> sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84860/comparison-of-quality-indices-for-sediment-assessment-in-ireland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Pragmatics of Socio-Linguistic Influence on Neurologist-Patient Interaction in Selected Hospitals in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodele%20James%20Akinola">Ayodele James Akinola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines how social and linguistic variables influenced communication between neurologists and patients in selected university teaching hospitals (UTHs) in southwestern Nigeria. Jacob Mey’s Pragmatic Acts, complemented by Emanuel and Emanuel’s model of doctor-patient relationship, served as the theoretical framework. Data comprising 22 audio-recorded neurologist-patient interactions were collected from two UTHs in the southwestern region of Nigeria. Data revealed that educational attainment of patients has insignificant influence on the interaction where the linguistic prowess of the patient has been impaired for consultative communication. However, the status influenced the degree of attention paid to patients by neurologists and determines the amount of time 'trying to help patients to communicate'. Patients with lower educational status and who could not communicate in English spent more time narrating their ailment to neurologists. Patients with higher educational status and could communicate in English saves consultation time as they express themselves briefly unlike those who were of little or no education in the clinics. Through this, diagnoses and therapeutic processes took eight to 12 minutes. 20 minutes was the longest duration recorded. Neurologist-patient interaction in the observed hospitals is shaped by neurologists’ experience, patients’ social variables and language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20pragmatics" title="medical pragmatics">medical pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurologist-patient%20interaction" title=" neurologist-patient interaction"> neurologist-patient interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigeria" title=" nigeria"> nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-linguistic%20influence" title=" socio-linguistic influence"> socio-linguistic influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78509/pragmatics-of-socio-linguistic-influence-on-neurologist-patient-interaction-in-selected-hospitals-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Rethinking the Role of Umeya Shokichi in the 1911 Revolution: Focusing on His Ties with Sun Yatsen in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wai-Ming%20Ng">Wai-Ming Ng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays Umeya Shokichi has been commonly regarded as the symbol of Sino-Japanese friendship and a close friend of Sun Yatsen. The images of Umeya have been largely built on contemporary political needs rather than historical sources. Based on Japanese and Chinese primary sources, this paper will challenge existing views of Umeya Shokichi in regard to his role in the 1911 Revolution and his relationship with Sun Yatsen. The study of Umeya Shokichi is handicapped by the accessibility and creditability of primary sources. Records of Umeya are largely kept in his family collection. Scholars are relatively difficult to get access to these materials. In addition, Umeya’s records can hardly be cross-checked as he is seldom mentioned in the writings of Sun Yatsen, Miyazaki Toten, James Cantlie and others. Heretofore, studies about Umeya are few and most are not critical enough to provide a balanced historical account of Umeya. This article will reexamine the role of Umeya Shokichi in the 1911 Revolution by highlighting his relationship with Sun Yatsen in Hong Kong from 1886 to 1911. It demonstrates that the role of Umeya in the 1911 Revolution and his relationship with Sun Yatsen are exaggerated by Chinese and Japanese officials as well as Umeya’s family members. The fact is that Sun did not play a direct role in the 1911 Revolution, not to mention his sponsors. To Sun, Umeya was perhaps merely one of his many sponsors rather than an intimate friend. This study will be a thought-provoking and iconoclast piece of scholarship based on critical reading of primary sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umeya%20Shokichi" title="Umeya Shokichi">Umeya Shokichi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Yatsen" title=" Sun Yatsen"> Sun Yatsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1911%20Revolution" title=" 1911 Revolution"> 1911 Revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sino-Japanese%20friendship" title=" Sino-Japanese friendship"> Sino-Japanese friendship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83819/rethinking-the-role-of-umeya-shokichi-in-the-1911-revolution-focusing-on-his-ties-with-sun-yatsen-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> I Don’t Want to Have to Wait: A Study Into the Origins of Rule Violations at Rail Pedestrian Level Crossings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Freeman">James Freeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andry%20Rakotonirainy"> Andry Rakotonirainy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Train pedestrian collisions are common and are the most likely to result in severe injuries and fatalities when compared to other types of rail crossing accidents. However, there is limited research that has focused on understanding the reasons why some pedestrians’ break level crossings rules, which limits the development of effective countermeasures. As a result, this study undertook a deeper exploration into the origins of risky pedestrian behaviour through structured interviews. A total of 40 pedestrians who admitted to either intentionally breaking crossing rules or making crossing errors participated in an in-depth telephone interview. Qualitative analysis was undertaken via thematic analysis that revealed participants were more likely to report deliberately breaking rules (rather than make errors), particular after the train had passed the crossing as compared to before it arrives. Predominant reasons for such behaviours were identified to be: calculated risk taking, impatience, poor knowledge of rules and low likelihood of detection. The findings have direct implications for the development of effective countermeasures to improve crossing safety (and managing risk) such as increasing surveillance and transit officer presence, as well as installing appropriate barriers that either deter or incapacitate pedestrians from violating crossing rules. This paper will further outline the study findings in regards to the development of countermeasures as well as provide direction for future research efforts in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossings" title="crossings">crossings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mistakes" title=" mistakes"> mistakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violations" title=" violations"> violations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24980/i-dont-want-to-have-to-wait-a-study-into-the-origins-of-rule-violations-at-rail-pedestrian-level-crossings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Correlating Musical Subject and Dialectical Subject to Develop a Critical Approach to Ideology in Musical Analysis and Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Waide">James Waide</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In music, subject typically denotes the initial idea to which the entire composition refers—a concept congruous with Aristotle's notion of subject as primary substance, in the sense of an irreducible this particular. Gioseffo Zarlino, who established subject (soggetto) as a musical term, insisted the composer as “rediscovering” the subject within their music in order to “[bring] it to perfection” and, furthermore, that if the composer had not rediscovered the subject already, then one would simply take the first part of the composition to be the subject. Meanwhile, Žižek reads the Hegelian subject (as negativity set against positive object) through Lacanian Psychoanalysis (in which the subject is a kind of fictive entity of the clinic: a mere appearance which sits atop the objects of analysis) in the concept of Absolute Recoil. For Žižek, subject exists retroactively in Absolute Recoil from object, meaning subject is a void which only has meaning because of the object it is seen through. Following the work of theorists such as Adorno and Althusser, one can understand the ideological construction of such a subject. It may be argued that in Zarlino, musical subject can be similarly read as retroactively constructed, either by the composer or the listener. Furthermore, in recent work, Samuel Wilson identifies different kinds of subjects in music which can be psychoanalytically examined, including the fictive subject: a purely musical entity raised to the level of psychoanalytic subject. On which basis if, as Adorno insisted, 'authentic' music constitutes 'cognition without concepts', where and what is this subject without concept?. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20recoil" title="absolute recoil">absolute recoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20theory" title=" critical theory"> critical theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20analysis" title=" music analysis"> music analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalysis" title=" psychoanalysis"> psychoanalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retroactivity" title=" retroactivity"> retroactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subject" title=" subject"> subject</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176756/correlating-musical-subject-and-dialectical-subject-to-develop-a-critical-approach-to-ideology-in-musical-analysis-and-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Effect of Environmental Factors on Photoreactivation of Microorganisms under Indoor Conditions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20Shafaei">Shirin Shafaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20R.%20Bolton"> James R. Bolton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gamal%20El%20Din"> Mohamed Gamal El Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection causes damage to the DNA or RNA of microorganisms, but many microorganisms can repair this damage after exposure to near-UV or visible wavelengths (310–480 nm) by a mechanism called photoreactivation. Photoreactivation is gaining more attention because it can reduce the efficiency of UV disinfection of wastewater several hours after treatment. The focus of many photoreactivation research activities on the single species has caused a considerable lack in knowledge about complex natural communities of microorganisms and their response to UV treatment. In this research, photoreactivation experiments were carried out on the influent of the UV disinfection unit at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Edmonton, Alberta after exposure to a Medium-Pressure (MP) UV lamp system to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on photoreactivation of microorganisms in the actual municipal wastewater. The effect of reactivation fluence, temperature, and river water on photoreactivation of total coliforms was examined under indoor conditions. The results showed that higher effective reactivation fluence values (up to 20 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and higher temperatures (up to 25 °C) increased the photoreactivation of total coliforms. However, increasing the percentage of river in the mixtures of the effluent and river water decreased the photoreactivation of the mixtures. The results of this research can help the municipal wastewater treatment industry to examine the environmental effects of discharging their effluents into receiving waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoreactivation" title="photoreactivation">photoreactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivation%20fluence" title=" reactivation fluence"> reactivation fluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20water" title=" river water"> river water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20disinfection" title=" ultraviolet disinfection"> ultraviolet disinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20effluent" title=" wastewater effluent"> wastewater effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42212/effect-of-environmental-factors-on-photoreactivation-of-microorganisms-under-indoor-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Upgrades for Hydric Supply in Water System Distribution: Use of the Bayesian Network and Technical Expedients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Carcano">Elena Carcano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Ball"> James Ball</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work details the strategies adopted by the Italian Water Utilities during the distribution of water in emergency conditions which glide from earthquakes and droughts to floods and fires. Several water bureaus located over the national territory have been interviewed, and the collected information has been used in a database of potential interventions to be taken. The work discusses the actions adopted by water utilities. These are generally prioritized in order to minimize the social, temporal, and economic burden that the damaged and nearby areas need to support. Actions are defined relying on the Bayesian Network Approach, which constitutes the hard core of any decision support system. The Bayesian Networks give answers to interventions to real and most likely risky cases. The added value of this research consists in supplying the National Bureau, namely Protezione Civile, in charge of managing havoc and catastrophic situations with a univocal plot outline so as to be able to handle actions uniformly at the expense of different local laws or contradictory customs which squander any recovery conditions, proper technical service, and economic aids. The paper is organized as follows: in section 1, the introduction is stated; section 2 provides a brief discussion of BNNs (Bayesian Networks), section 3 introduces the adopted methodology; and in the last sections, results are presented, and conclusions are drawn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20process" title="hierarchical process">hierarchical process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20plan" title=" strategic plan"> strategic plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20emergency%20conditions" title=" water emergency conditions"> water emergency conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20supply" title=" water supply"> water supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150764/upgrades-for-hydric-supply-in-water-system-distribution-use-of-the-bayesian-network-and-technical-expedients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> The Effect of Sand Content on Behavior of Kaolin Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Tohidi">Hamed Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20W.%20Mahar"> James W. Mahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the unknowns in the design of zoned earth dams is the percentage of sand which can be present in a clay core and still retain the necessary plasticity to prevent cracking in response to deformation. Cracks in the clay core of a dam caused by differential settlement can lead to failure of the dam. In this study, a series of Atterberg Limit tests and unconfined compression strength tests have been conducted in the ISU soil mechanics laboratory on prepared mixes of quartz sand and commercial clays (Kaolin and Smectite) to determine the relationship between sand content, plasticity and squeezing behavior. The prepared mixes have variable percentages of sand ranging between 10 and 90% by weight. Plastic limit test results in which specimens can be rolled into 1/8 in. threads without crumbling and plasticity index values which represent the range of water content over which the specimens can be remolded without cracking were used to evaluate the plasticity of the sand-clay mixtures. The test results show that the design mixes exhibit plastic behavior with sand contents up to 80% by weight. However, the plasticity of the mixes decreases with increasing sand content. For unconfined compression strength tests, the same mixtures of sand and clay (Kaolin) were made in plastic limit. The results which were concluded from the UCC tests represent the relationship between sand-clay content and chance of having squeezing behavior, also according to the results from UCC, strength of different samples and stress-strain curves can be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%27s%20behaviour" title="clay's behaviour">clay's behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity" title=" plasticity"> plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20content" title=" sand content"> sand content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaolin%20clay" title=" Kaolin clay"> Kaolin clay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76267/the-effect-of-sand-content-on-behavior-of-kaolin-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Personal Variables and Students’ Perception of School Security in Secondary Schools in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Bassey%20Ejue">James Bassey Ejue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorn%20Cklaimz%20Enamhe"> Dorn Cklaimz Enamhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Francis%20Ejue"> Helen Francis Ejue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined the influence of personal variables such as sex, type of school, and parental socio-economic status on secondary school students’ perception of school security. To guide the study, three null hypotheses were formulated. The research design adopted was the survey design, and a 20-item instrument was constructed and validated by the researchers through a test-retest procedure. The sample size for the study comprised 2,198 students made up of male and female students selected through a stratified random sampling technique. This was drawn from a study population of 21,988, made up of 12,635 students and 9353 students from public and private secondary schools, respectively. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test statistical tool. The findings showed that female students were more fearful in their perception of school security; the students in private schools perceived school to be more insecure than those in public schools; and the students from high parental socio-economic status are more associated with the perception of school as insecure than the ones from low parental socio-economic status. Based on these findings, it was recommended that, among others, more reassuring measures be put in place to check school security for females, for those in private schools, and for those from high parental socio-economic status. School counsellors should also be guided accordingly in designing intervention strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20variables" title="personal variables">personal variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20security" title=" school security"> school security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174697/personal-variables-and-students-perception-of-school-security-in-secondary-schools-in-calabar-municipality-cross-river-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Production Value, Constraints, and Opportunities in East African Freshwater Fisheries: Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alamrew%20Eyayu">Alamrew Eyayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abebe%20Getahun"> Abebe Getahun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Last%20Keyombe"> James Last Keyombe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Demand for fish continued to grow worldwide while production from capture fisheries has decreased. In the Eastern African Region (EAR), the open-access nature of capture fisheries has resulted in illegal fishing. Within communities engaged in fishing, small-scale fisheries support food security strategies and sustain livelihoods. Despite the role of fisheries in EAR, inland fisheries are vulnerable to loss, and management solutions authorized for inland fisheries are inadequate. This review investigates production potential, challenges, opportunities, and management of inland fisheries in the EAR. It is therefore expected that in aquaculture promising areas, the EAR will turn to depend more on aquaculture to meet the extended needs and supply gaps created as a result of capture fisheries shortfalls. However, aquaculture is still in its infant stage in the region, and there exists no adequate aquaculture policy framework and funds in some EAR (e.g., Ethiopia, Somalia). Stakeholders at all levels should entertain the importance of fishery-based activities for food security in EAR. As a result, easily implemented and community-oriented fisheries legislative documents need to be prepared for advancing sustainable fisheries management. Legislative documents might consider techniques of continual catch statistics (consider small water bodies as much as possible) of inland fisheries and enforcing existing laws to manage illegal fishing activities to accustom sustainable development of inland capture fisheries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title="aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capture%20fisheries" title=" capture fisheries"> capture fisheries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20Africa" title=" East Africa"> East Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries%20management" title=" fisheries management"> fisheries management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190374/production-value-constraints-and-opportunities-in-east-african-freshwater-fisheries-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Analyzing the Representations of Afro-Peruvians in National TV Comedy Shows: The Construction of Parody and the Contradictory Responses to Afro-Peruvian TV Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Lucia%20Mosquera%20Rosado">Ana Lucia Mosquera Rosado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Media is believed to be the reflection of Peruvian society. However, the context in which media content is generated not always respond to an accurate representation of its cultural diversity, since many of the contents portray images of cultural minorities (indigenous and Afro-Peruvian) that contribute to the reproduction of negative stereotypes, having an impact on society. The current research paper aims to discuss the use of parody as a way of representing Afro-Peruvian population in the national television, through the reproduction of negative stereotypes and the construction of the black body, specifically relating the analysis to El Negro Mama, a very popular character in Peruvian television thought to be a portrait of the Afro-Peruvian men. In order to analyze these representations, the research will use the theory of simulation and simulacra, explained by James Baudrillard to understand the replacement of reality as a consequence of both of these concepts. This research paper will also focus on the social reaction to the existence of this character, in order to construct a hypothesis based on the theory of cultural hegemony, conceived by Jackson Lears as a legitimized group of patterns and behaviors that shape social interaction. This theoretical framework will be used to explain the popularity of this character among Peruvian society and the reactions caused by the controversy generated by the demands of civil society to remove the character from national television. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20representation" title="media representation">media representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race%20and%20ethnicity" title=" race and ethnicity"> race and ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racist%20discourse" title=" racist discourse"> racist discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=afro-descendants%20in%20the%20media" title=" afro-descendants in the media"> afro-descendants in the media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77488/analyzing-the-representations-of-afro-peruvians-in-national-tv-comedy-shows-the-construction-of-parody-and-the-contradictory-responses-to-afro-peruvian-tv-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Kairo&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Kairo&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Kairo&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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