CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: breakthrough varicella</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: breakthrough varicella"> <meta name="keywords" content="breakthrough varicella"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="breakthrough varicella" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="breakthrough varicella"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 133</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: breakthrough varicella</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> A Varicella Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated School Population in Voluntary 2-Dose Era in Beijing, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengbin%20Wang">Chengbin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lu"> Li Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luodan%20Suo"> Luodan Suo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghai%20Wang"> Qinghai Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Wang"> Xu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Marin"> Mona Marin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Two-dose varicella vaccination has been recommended in Beijing since November 2012. We investigated a varicella outbreak in a highly vaccinated elementary school population to examine transmission patterns and risk factors for vaccine failure. Methods: A varicella case was defined as an acute generalized maculopapulovesicular rash without other apparent cause in a student attending the school from March 28 to May 17, 2015. Breakthrough varicella was defined as varicella >42 days after last vaccine dose. Vaccination information was collected from immunization records. Information on prior disease and clinical presentation was collected via survey of students’ parents. Results: Of the 1056 school students, 1028 (97.3%) reported no varicella history, of whom 364 (35.4%) had received 1-dose and 650 (63.2%) had received 2-dose varicella vaccine, for 98.6% school-wide vaccination coverage with ≥ 1 dose before the outbreak. A total of 20 cases were identified for an overall attack rate of 1.9%. The index case was in a 2-dose vaccinated student who was not isolated. The majority of cases were breakthrough (19/20, 95%) with attack rates of 7.1% (1/14), 1.6% (6/364) and 2.0% (13/650) among unvaccinated, 1-dose, and 2-dose students, respectively. Most cases had < 50 lesions (18/20, 90%). No difference was found between 1-dose and 2-dose breakthrough cases in disease severity or sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Moderate 2-dose varicella vaccine coverage was insufficient to prevent a varicella outbreak. Two-dose breakthrough varicella is still contagious. High 2-dose varicella vaccine coverage and timely isolation of ill persons might be needed for varicella outbreak control in the 2-dose era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicella" title="varicella">varicella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outbreak" title=" outbreak"> outbreak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella" title=" breakthrough varicella"> breakthrough varicella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57932/a-varicella-outbreak-in-a-highly-vaccinated-school-population-in-voluntary-2-dose-era-in-beijing-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Acute Peritonitis Caused by Perforated Appendicitis Accompanied by Synchronous Encephalopathy: A Rare Primary Presentation of Varicella Zoster Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahla%20Afshar%20Paiman">Shahla Afshar Paiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedigheh%20Madani"> Sedigheh Madani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Hosseininezhad"> Zahra Hosseininezhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The most common causes of appendix luminal obstruction are fecaliths and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. Appendicitis is a very rare Gastrointestinal complication of varicella zosterand it is mostly observed in immune-compromised patient. Case presentation: Here we reported a case of varicella zoster-related perforated appendicitis with synchronous encephalopathy as a first presentation of chickenpox in a 10-year-old boy. He had no history of immunodeficiency or predisposing factors and his diagnosis is confirmed by both serological lab tests and abdominal fluid (peritoneal secretion) PCR. Conclusion: Varicella zoster could cause appendicitis as first presentation, along with other critical complications look likes encephalopathy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varicella%20zoster" title="Varicella zoster">Varicella zoster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appendicitis" title=" appendicitis"> appendicitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encephalitis" title=" encephalitis"> encephalitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178279/acute-peritonitis-caused-by-perforated-appendicitis-accompanied-by-synchronous-encephalopathy-a-rare-primary-presentation-of-varicella-zoster-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Change of Epidemiological Characteristics and Disease Burden of Varicella Due to Implementation of Mass Immunization Program in Taiwan from 2000 to 2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=En-Tzu%20Wang">En-Tzu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Ann%20Wang"> Ting-Ann Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Hui%20Shen"> Yi-Hui Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Min%20Chou"> Yu-Min Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Tai%20Fang"> Chi-Tai Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Hui%20Yang"> Chin-Hui Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and purpose: A mass varicella immunization program was established to provide free 1-dose vaccination for all 1-year-old children throughout Taiwan since 2004. The epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of varicella from 2000 to 2012 was investigated and the results will be essential to refine the national immunization policy. Method: We included patients (n = 17,838–164,245) with ICD-9-CM codes 052 (chickenpox) from the 2000 to 2012 National Health Insurance Database. The age, period, and cohort-specific incidence of varicella were calculated. The hospital admission rate, medical costs and indirect costs from the societal perspective of varicella including travel costs to the medical facility, registration fee, productivity losses of the patients and caregivers were also estimated. Result: There were 979,252 patients for medical treatment due to varicella from 2000 to 2012 in Taiwan. The implementation of a routine childhood varicella vaccination program has resulted in 87% decline in morbidity (881.49 to 115.17 per 100,000). The average age of patients increased from 7.9 years to 16.3 years. The overall varicella-related hospital admission rate was 15.5 per 1000 patients, and peaked in the groups of infants younger than 1 year, adults aged from 20 to 39 years and elders over 70 years. Among patients admitted to hospital, 33.5% of them had one or more complications. Patients with underlying diseases had higher admission rate (241.6 per 1,000) and longer duration of hospital stay (6.61 days vs. 4.76 days). The annual varicella-related medical expense declined after 2002 and the proportion of medical costs for admission has increased to 42%. The annual indirect costs from the societal perspective of varicella were 5.29 to 9.63 times higher than varicella-related medical costs. Every one dollar invested in the varicella immunization program, 2.97 dollars of medical and social costs were saved on average. Conclusion: The dramatic decline in morbidity, hospitalization, medical and social costs of varicella can be directly attributed to the implementation of the mass immunization program. Two-dose vaccination is recommended for both children with underlying diseases and susceptible adults to prevent serious complications and hospitalizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20burden" title="disease burden">disease burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20and%20social%20costs" title=" medical and social costs"> medical and social costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicella" title=" varicella"> varicella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicella%20vaccine" title=" varicella vaccine"> varicella vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56517/change-of-epidemiological-characteristics-and-disease-burden-of-varicella-due-to-implementation-of-mass-immunization-program-in-taiwan-from-2000-to-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Breakthrough Innovation Thinking Technology of a Conglomerate for Next Generation Plan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongkyu%20Lee">Dongkyu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doan-Quoc%20Hoan"> Doan-Quoc Hoan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soomi%20Shin"> Soomi Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to suggest the Value Innovation type Breakthrough Innovation which is a Big Thinking Process that realizes a creative idea for the next generation innovation Master Plan of a company. The BI based on the PVI methodology is believed to contribute to the launching of a new business, the acquisition of new markets, and the development of an innovative management process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title="value">value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20innovation" title=" breakthrough innovation"> breakthrough innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korean%20firm" title=" Korean firm"> Korean firm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31367/breakthrough-innovation-thinking-technology-of-a-conglomerate-for-next-generation-plan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> The Multiple Sclerosis condition and the Role of Varicella-zoster virus in its Progression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Mahdavi">Sina Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Asghari%20Ozma"> Mahdi Asghari Ozma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS that affects the myelination process in the central nervous system (CNS). Complex interactions of various "environmental or infectious" factors may act as triggers in autoimmunity and disease progression. The association between viral infections, especially human Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and MS is one potential cause that is not well understood. This study aims to summarize the available data on VZV retrovirus infection in MS disease progression. For this study, the keywords "Multiple sclerosis", " Human Varicella-zoster virus ", and "central nervous system" in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Sid, and MagIran between 2016 and 2022 were searched and 14 articles were chosen, studied, and analyzed. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of HNRNPA1 with VZV proteins has shown a 62% amino acid sequence similarity between VZV gE and the PrLD/M9 epitope region (TNPO1 binding domain) of mutant HNRNPA1. A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP), which is produced by HNRNPA1, is involved in the processing and transfer of mRNA and pre-mRNA. Mutant HNRNPA1 mimics gE of VZV as an antigen that leads to autoantibody production. Mutant HnRNPA1 translocates to the cytoplasm, after aggregation is presented by MHC class I, followed by CD8 + cells. Of these, antibodies and immune cells against the gE epitopes of VZV remain due to the memory immune response, causing neurodegeneration and the development of MS in genetically predisposed individuals. VZV expression during the course of MS is present in genetically predisposed individuals with HNRNPA1 mutation, suggesting a link between VZV and MS, and that this virus may play a role in the development of MS by inducing an inflammatory state. Therefore, measures to modulate VZV expression may be effective in reducing inflammatory processes in demyelinated areas of MS patients in genetically predisposed individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicella-zoster%20virus" title=" varicella-zoster virus"> varicella-zoster virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20nervous%20system" title=" central nervous system"> central nervous system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmunity" title=" autoimmunity"> autoimmunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159414/the-multiple-sclerosis-condition-and-the-role-of-varicella-zoster-virus-in-its-progression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Blindness and Deafness, the Outcomes of Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis in HIV Positive Patient </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadiseh%20Hosamirudsari">Hadiseh Hosamirudsari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Afsarikordehmahin"> Farhad Afsarikordehmahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooria%20Sekhavatfar"> Pooria Sekhavatfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concomitant cortical blindness and deafness that follow varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is rare. We describe a case of ophthalmic zoster that caused cortical blindness and deafness after central nervous system (CNS) involvement. A 42-year old, HIV infected woman has developed progressive blurry vision and deafness, 4 weeks after ophthalmic zoster. A physical examination and positive VZV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggested VZV encephalitis. Complication of VZV encephalitis is considered as the cause of blindness and deafness. In neurological deficit patient especially with a history of herpes zoster, VZV infection should be regarded as the responsible agent in inflammatory disorders of nervous system. The immunocompromised state of patient (including HIV) is as important an agent as VZV infection in developing the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blindness" title="blindness">blindness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deafness" title=" deafness"> deafness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hiv" title=" hiv"> hiv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VZV%20%20encephalitis" title=" VZV encephalitis"> VZV encephalitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31186/blindness-and-deafness-the-outcomes-of-varicella-zoster-virus-encephalitis-in-hiv-positive-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Flap Structure Geometry in Breakthrough Structure: A Case Study from the Southern Tunisian Atlas Example, Orbata Anticline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria">Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem"> Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural and sedimentological study of fault-related- folds in the Southern Tunisian Atlas is distinguished by a special geometry of the gravitational structures. This distinct geometry is observable in the example of a flap structure in Jebel Ben Zannouch with the formation of a stuck syncline. This geometry can be explained by the mechanism of major thrusting in Orbata anticline in the occidental extremity of Gafsa chains, with asymmetrical flank dips and hinge migration kinematics. These kinematics was originally controlled by the Breakthrough structure; the study of this special geometry of gravity flap structure depends on the sedimentation domain, shortening ratios, and erosion speed. This study constitutes one of the complete examples of kinematic model validation on a field scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-related-folds" title="fault-related-folds">fault-related-folds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20Tunisian%20Atlas" title=" southern Tunisian Atlas"> southern Tunisian Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flap%20structure" title=" flap structure"> flap structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough" title=" breakthrough"> breakthrough</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161486/flap-structure-geometry-in-breakthrough-structure-a-case-study-from-the-southern-tunisian-atlas-example-orbata-anticline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> A Dynamic Column Adsorption Study of Methyl Blue on Synthesis onto Synthesized Chitosan Immobilized Sawdust Cellulose Nanocrystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20A.%20Oyewo">Opeyemi A. Oyewo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seshibe%20Makgato"> Seshibe Makgato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and application of pelletized chitosan immobilized sawdust cellulose nanocrystals (PCCN) in a fixed-bed column for the continuous adsorption of methyl blue (MB) from water. The product was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Microstructural examination revealed that the pellets are porous and spherical. XRD examination revealed phases that can be attributed to the presence of chitosan in PCCN. The effects of starting concentration, bed depth, and flow rate on synthetic water were explored. To identify MB breakthrough behaviour, performance indices such as bed volume, adsorbent exhaustion rate, and service time were investigated. Furthermore, the breakthrough data were incorporated into both the Thomas and Bohart-Adams models. The Thomas model was suitable for describing MB breakthrough curves. However, more research with diverse water matrices may be required to assess the resilience of PCCN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20blue" title=" methyl blue"> methyl blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelletization" title=" pelletization"> pelletization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190100/a-dynamic-column-adsorption-study-of-methyl-blue-on-synthesis-onto-synthesized-chitosan-immobilized-sawdust-cellulose-nanocrystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Modeling Solute Transport through Porous Media with Scale Dependent Dispersion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teodrose%20Atnafu%20Abegaze">Teodrose Atnafu Abegaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Sharma"> P. K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an attempt has been made to study the behavior of breakthrough curves in both layered and mixed heterogeneous soil by conducting experiments in long soil columns. Sodium chloride has been used as a conservative tracer in the experiment. Advective dispersive transport equations, including equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation coefficients, are used for solute transport through mobile-immobile porous media. In order to do the governing equation for solute transport, there are explicit and implicit schemes for our condition; we use an implicit scheme to numerically model the solute concentration. Results of experimental breakthrough curves indicate that the behavior of observed breakthrough curves is approximately similar in both cases of layered and mixed soil, while earlier arrival of solute concentration is obtained in the case of mixed soil. It means that the types of heterogeneity of the soil media affect the behavior of solute concentration. Finally, it is also shown that the asymptotic dispersion model simulates the experimental data better than the constant and linear distance-dependent dispersion models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20method" title="numerical method">numerical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20dependant%20dispersion" title=" distance dependant dispersion"> distance dependant dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20transport" title=" reactive transport"> reactive transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179547/modeling-solute-transport-through-porous-media-with-scale-dependent-dispersion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Experience of Inpatient Life in Korean Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Phenomenological Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hwa%20Park">Se-Hwa Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=En-Kyung%20Han"> En-Kyung Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Young%20Lim"> Jae-Young Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye-Jung%20Ahn"> Hye-Jung Ahn </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The objective of this study is to provide basic data for understanding the substance of inpatient life with CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome) and developing efficient and effective nursing intervention. Methods: From September 2018 to November, we have interviewed 10 CRPS patients about inpatient experiences. To understand the implication of inpatient life experiences with CRPS and intrinsic structure, we have used the question: 'How about the inpatient experiences with CRPS'. For data analysis, the method suggested by Colaizzi was applied as a phenomenological method. Results: According to the analysis, the study participants' inpatient life process was structured in six categories: (a) breakthrough pain experience (b) the limitation of pain treatment, (c) worsen factors of pain during inpatient period, (d) treat method for pain, (e) positive experience for inpatient period, (f) requirements for medical team, family and people in hospital room. Conclusion: Inpatient with CRPS have experienced the breakthrough pain. They had expected immediate treatment for breakthrough pain, but they experienced severe pain because immediate treatment was not implemented. Pain-worsening factors which patients with CRPS are as follows: personal factors from negative emotions such as insomnia, stress, sensitive character, pain part touch or vibration stimulus on the bed, physical factors from high threshold or rapid speed during fast transfer, conflict with other people, climate factors such as humidity or low temperature, noise, smell, lack of space because of many visitors. Patients actively manage the pain committing into another tasks or diversion. And also, patients passively manage the pain, just suppress, give-up. They think positively about rehabilitation treatment. And they require the understanding and sympathy for other people, and emotional support, immediate intervention for medical team. Based on the results of this study, we suppose the guideline of systematic breakthrough pain management for the relaxation of sudden pain, using notice of informing caution for touch or vibration. And we need to develop non-medicine pain management nursing intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20pain" title="breakthrough pain">breakthrough pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRPS" title=" CRPS"> CRPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20regional%20pain%20syndrome" title=" complex regional pain syndrome"> complex regional pain syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inpatient%20life%20experiences" title=" inpatient life experiences"> inpatient life experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenological%20method" title=" phenomenological method"> phenomenological method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119853/experience-of-inpatient-life-in-korean-complex-regional-pain-syndrome-a-phenomenological-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> ANN Modeling for Cadmium Biosorption from Potable Water Using a Packed-Bed Column Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariush%20Jafari">Dariush Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Jafari"> Seyed Ali Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recommended limit for cadmium concentration in potable water is less than 0.005 mg/L. A continuous biosorption process using indigenous red seaweed, Gracilaria corticata, was performed to remove cadmium from the potable water. The process was conducted under fixed conditions and the breakthrough curves were achieved for three consecutive sorption-desorption cycles. A modeling based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed to fit the experimental breakthrough data. In addition, a simplified semi empirical model, Thomas, was employed for this purpose. It was found that ANN well described the experimental data (R2>0.99) while the Thomas prediction were a bit less successful with R2>0.97. The adjusted design parameters using the nonlinear form of Thomas model was in a good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones. The results approve the capability of ANN to predict the cadmium concentration in potable water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title="ANN">ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packed-bed" title=" packed-bed"> packed-bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potable%20water" title=" potable water"> potable water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19068/ann-modeling-for-cadmium-biosorption-from-potable-water-using-a-packed-bed-column-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> The Impact of HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework Pretreatment on Dynamic Acetaldehyde Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fran%C3%A7ois">M. François</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sigot"> L. Sigot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Valli%C3%A8res"> C. Vallières</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a real health issue, particularly in domestic indoor environments. Among these VOCs, acetaldehyde is frequently monitored in dwellings ‘air, especially due to smoking and spontaneous emissions from the new wall and soil coverings. It is responsible for respiratory complaints and is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Adsorption processes are commonly used to remove VOCs from the air. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a promising type of material for high adsorption performance. These hybrid porous materials composed of metal inorganic clusters and organic ligands are interesting thanks to their high porosity and surface area. The HKUST-1 (also referred to as MOF-199) is a copper-based MOF with the formula [Cu₃(BTC)₂(H₂O)₃]n (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) and exhibits unsaturated metal sites that can be attractive sites for adsorption. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of HKUST-1 pretreatment on acetaldehyde adsorption. Thus, dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted in 1 cm diameter glass column packed with 2 cm MOF bed height. MOF were sieved to 630 µm - 1 mm. The feed gas (Co = 460 ppmv ± 5 ppmv) was obtained by diluting a 1000 ppmv acetaldehyde gas cylinder in air. The gas flow rate was set to 0.7 L/min (to guarantee a suitable linear velocity). Acetaldehyde concentration was monitored online by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Breakthrough curves must allow to understand the interactions between the MOF and the pollutant as well as the impact of the HKUST-1 humidity in the adsorption process. Consequently, different MOF water content conditions were tested, from a dry material with 7 % water content (dark blue color) to water saturated state with approximately 35 % water content (turquoise color). The rough material – without any pretreatment – containing 30 % water serves as a reference. First, conclusions can be drawn from the comparison of the evolution of the ratio of the column outlet concentration (C) on the inlet concentration (Co) as a function of time for different HKUST-1 pretreatments. The shape of the breakthrough curves is significantly different. The saturation of the rough material is slower (20 h to reach saturation) than that of the dried material (2 h). However, the breakthrough time defined for C/Co = 10 % appears earlier in the case of the rough material (0.75 h) compared to the dried HKUST-1 (1.4 h). Another notable difference is the shape of the curve before the breakthrough at 10 %. An abrupt increase of the outlet concentration is observed for the material with the lower humidity in comparison to a smooth increase for the rough material. Thus, the water content plays a significant role on the breakthrough kinetics. This study aims to understand what can explain the shape of the breakthrough curves associated to the pretreatments of HKUST-1 and which mechanisms take place in the adsorption process between the MOF, the pollutant, and the water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetaldehyde" title="acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20adsorption" title=" dynamic adsorption"> dynamic adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HKUST-1" title=" HKUST-1"> HKUST-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment%20influence" title=" pretreatment influence"> pretreatment influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138630/the-impact-of-hkust-1-metal-organic-framework-pretreatment-on-dynamic-acetaldehyde-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Removal of Heavy Metal Using Continous Mode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd%20elfattah">M. Abd elfattah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ossman"> M. Ossman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahla%20A.%20Taha"> Nahla A. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work explored the use of Egyptian rice straw, an agricultural waste that leads to global warming problem through brown cloud, as a potential feedstock for the preparation of activated carbon by physical and chemical activation. The results of this study showed that it is feasible to prepare activated carbons with relatively high surface areas and pore volumes from the Egyptian rice straw by direct chemical and physical activation. The produced activated carbon from the two methods (AC1 and AC2) could be used as potential adsorbent for the removal of Fe(III) from aqueous solution contains heavy metals and polluted water. The adsorption of Fe(III) was depended on the pH of the solution. The optimal Fe(III) removal efficiency occurs at pH 5. Based on the results, the optimum contact time is 60 minutes and adsorbent dosage is 3 g/L. The adsorption breakthrough curves obtained at different bed depths indicated increase of breakthrough time with increase in bed depths. A rise in inlet Fe(III) concentration reduces the throughput volume before the packed bed gets saturated. AC1 showed higher affinity for Fe(III) as compared to Raw rice husk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw" title="rice straw">rice straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon"> activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%28III%29" title=" Fe(III)"> Fe(III)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed%20column" title=" fixed bed column"> fixed bed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15530/removal-of-heavy-metal-using-continous-mode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Water-Controlled Fracturing with Fuzzy-Ball Fluid in Tight Gas Reservoirs of Deep Coal Measures in Sulige</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangchun%20Wang">Xiangchun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lihui%20Zheng"> Lihui Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maozong%20Gan"> Maozong Gan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zhang"> Peng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Wu"> Tong Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An%20Chang"> An Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deep coal measure tight gas reservoir in Sulige is usually reformed by fracturing, because the reservoir thickness is small, the water layers can be easily communicated during fracturing, which will lead to water production of gas wells and lower production of gas wells. Therefore, it is necessary to control water during fracturing in deep coal measure tight gas reservoir. Using fuzzy-ball fluid to control water fracturing can not only increase the output but also reduce the water output. The fuzzy-ball fluid was prepared indoors to carry out evaluation experiments. The fuzzy ball fluid was mixed in equal volume with the pre-fluid and formation water to test its compatibility. The core displacement device was used to test the gas and water breaking through the matrix and fractured cores blocked by fuzzy-ball fluid. The breakthrough pressure of the plunger tests its water blocking performance. The experimental results show that there is no precipitation after the fuzzy-ball fluid is mixed with the pad fluid and the formation water, respectively. The breakthrough pressure gradients of gas and water after the fuzzy-ball fluid plugged the cracks were 0.02MPa/cm and 0.04MPa/cm, respectively, and the breakthrough pressure gradients of gas and water after the matrix was plugged were 0.03MPa/cm and 0.2MPa/cm, respectively, which meet the requirements of field operation. Two wells A and B in the Sulige Gas Field were used on site to implement water control fracturing. After the pre-fluid was injected into the two wells, 50m3 of fuzzy-ball fluid was pumped to plug the water. The construction went smoothly. After water control and fracturing, the average daily output in 161 days was increased by 13.71% and 6.99% compared with that of adjacent wells in the same layer. The adjacent wells were bubbled for 3 times and 63 times respectively, while there was no effusion in A and B construction wells. The results show that fuzzy-ball fluid is a water plugging material suitable for water control fracturing in tight gas wells, and its water control mechanism can also provide a new idea for the development of water control fracturing materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam" title="coal seam">coal seam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20layer" title=" deep layer"> deep layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracking" title=" fracking"> fracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy-ball%20fluid" title=" fuzzy-ball fluid"> fuzzy-ball fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20reconstruction" title=" reservoir reconstruction"> reservoir reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137940/water-controlled-fracturing-with-fuzzy-ball-fluid-in-tight-gas-reservoirs-of-deep-coal-measures-in-sulige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor Application for Decolourization of Textile Effluent by Adsorption on NaOH Treated Eggshell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chafi">M. Chafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Akazdam"> S. Akazdam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Asrir"> C. Asrir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sebbahi"> L. Sebbahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Gourich"> B. Gourich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Barka"> N. Barka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Essahli"> M. Essahli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fixed bed adsorption has become a frequently used industrial application in wastewater treatment processes. Various low cost adsorbents have been studied for their applicability in treatment of different types of effluents. In this work, the intention of the study was to explore the efficacy and feasibility for azo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) adsorption onto fixed bed column of NaOH Treated eggshell (TES). The effect of various parameters like flow rate, initial dye concentration, and bed height were exploited in this study. The studies confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate, initial dye concentration solution of AO7 and bed depth. The Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams and Bohart models were analysed to evaluate the column adsorption performance. The adsorption capacity, rate constant and correlation coefficient associated to each model for column adsorption was calculated and mentioned. The column experimental data were fitted well with Thomas model with coefficients of correlation R2 ≥0.93 at different conditions but the Yoon–Nelson, BDST and Bohart–Adams model (R2=0.911), predicted poor performance of fixed-bed column. The (TES) was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of AO7 using fixed-bed adsorption column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20models" title="adsorption models">adsorption models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20orange%207" title=" acid orange 7"> acid orange 7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20depth" title=" bed depth"> bed depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough" title=" breakthrough"> breakthrough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20adsorption" title=" dye adsorption"> dye adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-bed%20column" title=" fixed-bed column"> fixed-bed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20eggshell" title=" treated eggshell"> treated eggshell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43408/continuous-fixed-bed-reactor-application-for-decolourization-of-textile-effluent-by-adsorption-on-naoh-treated-eggshell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Tracing a Timber Breakthrough: A Qualitative Study of the Introduction of Cross-Laminated-Timber to the Student Housing Market in Norway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marius%20Nygaard">Marius Nygaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ona%20Flindall"> Ona Flindall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Palisaden student housing project was completed in August 2013 and was, with its eight floors, Norway’s tallest timber building at the time of completion. It was the first time cross-laminated-timber (CLT) was utilized at this scale in Norway. The project was the result of a concerted effort by a newly formed management company to establish CLT as a sustainable and financially competitive alternative to conventional steel and concrete systems. The introduction of CLT onto the student housing market proved so successful that by 2017 more than 4000 individual student residences will have been built using the same model of development and construction. The aim of this paper is to identify the key factors that enabled this breakthrough for CLT. It is based on an in-depth study of a series of housing projects and the role of the management company who both instigated and enabled this shift of CLT from the margin to the mainstream. Specifically, it will look at how a new building system was integrated into a marketing strategy that identified a market potential within the existing structure of the construction industry and within the economic restrictions inherent to student housing in Norway. It will show how a key player established a project model that changed both the patterns of cooperation and the information basis for decisions. Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers, contractors and the interdisciplinary teams of consultants (architects, structural engineers, acoustical experts etc.) this paper will trace the introduction, expansion and evolution of CLT-based building systems in the student housing market. It will show how the project management firm’s position in the value chain enabled them to function both as a liaison between contractor and client, and between contractor and producer. A position that allowed them to improve the flow of information. This ensured that CLT was handled on equal terms to other structural solutions in the project specifications, enabling realistic pricing and risk evaluation. Secondly, this paper will describe and discuss how the project management firm established and interacted with a growing network of contractors, architects and engineers to pool expertise and broaden the knowledge base across Norway’s regional markets. Finally, it will examine the role of the client, the building typology, and the industrial and technological factors in achieving this breakthrough for CLT in the construction industry. This paper gives an in-depth view of the progression of a single case rather than a broad description of the state of the art of large-scale timber building in Norway. However, this type of study may offer insights that are important to the understanding not only of specific markets but also of how new technologies should be introduced in big and well-established industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated-timber%20%28CLT%29" title="cross-laminated-timber (CLT)">cross-laminated-timber (CLT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20breakthrough" title=" industry breakthrough"> industry breakthrough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing" title=" student housing"> student housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20market" title=" timber market"> timber market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495/tracing-a-timber-breakthrough-a-qualitative-study-of-the-introduction-of-cross-laminated-timber-to-the-student-housing-market-in-norway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Biosorption of Metal Ions from Sarcheshmeh Acid Mine Drainage by Immobilized Bacillus thuringiensis in a Fixed-Bed Column </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Khosravi">V. Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20D.%20Ardejani"> F. D. Ardejani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aryafar"> A. Aryafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sedighi"> M. Sedighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals have a damaging impact for the environment, animals and humans due to their extreme toxicity and removing them from wastewaters is a very important and interesting task in the field of water pollution control. Biosorption is a relatively new method for treatment of wastewaters and recovery of heavy metals. In this study, a continuous fixed bed study was carried out by using Bacillus thuringiensis as a biosorbent for the removal of Cu and Mn ions from Sarcheshmeh Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and bed height on the sorption characteristics of B. thuringiensis was investigated at pH 6.0 for each metal ion. The experimental results showed that the breakthrough time decreased with increasing flow rate and decreasing bed height. The data also indicated that the equilibrium uptake of both metals increased with decreasing flow rate and increasing bed height. BDST, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves. All models were found suitable for describing the whole dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and bed height. In order to regenerate the adsorbent, an elution step was carried out with 1 M HCl and five adsorption-desorption cycles were carried out in continuous manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title="acid mine drainage">acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20thuringiensis" title=" bacillus thuringiensis"> bacillus thuringiensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cu%20and%20mn%20ions" title=" cu and mn ions"> cu and mn ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed" title=" fixed bed"> fixed bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42630/biosorption-of-metal-ions-from-sarcheshmeh-acid-mine-drainage-by-immobilized-bacillus-thuringiensis-in-a-fixed-bed-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Water Dumpflood into Multiple Low-Pressure Gas Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lertsakulpasuk">S. Lertsakulpasuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Athichanagorn"> S. Athichanagorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As depletion-drive gas reservoirs are abandoned when there is insufficient production rate due to pressure depletion, waterflooding has been proposed to increase the reservoir pressure in order to prolong gas production. Due to high cost, water injection may not be economically feasible. Water dumpflood into gas reservoirs is a new promising approach to increase gas recovery by maintaining reservoir pressure with much cheaper costs than conventional waterflooding. Thus, a simulation study of water dumpflood into multiple nearly abandoned or already abandoned thin-bedded gas reservoirs commonly found in the Gulf of Thailand was conducted to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method and to determine the most suitable operational parameters for reservoirs having different system parameters. A reservoir simulation model consisting of several thin-layered depletion-drive gas reservoirs and an overlying aquifer was constructed in order to investigate the performance of the proposed method. Two producers were initially used to produce gas from the reservoirs. One of them was later converted to a dumpflood well after gas production rate started to decline due to continuous reduction in reservoir pressure. The dumpflood well was used to flow water from the aquifer to increase pressure of the gas reservoir in order to drive gas towards producer. Two main operational parameters which are wellhead pressure of producer and the time to start water dumpflood were investigated to optimize gas recovery for various systems having different gas reservoir dip angles, well spacings, aquifer sizes, and aquifer depths. This simulation study found that water dumpflood can increase gas recovery up to 12% of OGIP depending on operational conditions and system parameters. For the systems having a large aquifer and large distance between wells, it is best to start water dumpflood when the gas rate is still high since the long distance between the gas producer and dumpflood well helps delay water breakthrough at producer. As long as there is no early water breakthrough, the earlier the energy is supplied to the gas reservoirs, the better the gas recovery. On the other hand, for the systems having a small or moderate aquifer size and short distance between the two wells, performing water dumpflood when the rate is close to the economic rate is better because water is more likely to cause an early breakthrough when the distance is short. Water dumpflood into multiple nearly-depleted or depleted gas reservoirs is a novel study. The idea of using water dumpflood to increase gas recovery has been mentioned in the literature but has never been investigated. This detailed study will help a practicing engineer to understand the benefits of such method and can implement it with minimum cost and risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dumpflood" title="dumpflood">dumpflood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increase%20gas%20recovery" title=" increase gas recovery"> increase gas recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-pressure%20gas%20reservoir" title=" low-pressure gas reservoir"> low-pressure gas reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20gas%20reservoirs" title=" multiple gas reservoirs"> multiple gas reservoirs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30531/water-dumpflood-into-multiple-low-pressure-gas-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Internet of Things as a Source of Opportunities for Entrepreneurs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Gudkova">Svetlana Gudkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Internet of Things experiences a rapid growth bringing inevitable changes into many spheres of human activities. As the Internet has changed the social and business landscape, IoT as its extension, can bring much more profound changes in economic value creation and competitiveness of the economies. It has been already recognized as the next industrial revolution. However, the development of IoT is in a great extent stimulated by the entrepreneurial activity. To expand and reach its full potential it requires proactive entrepreneurs, who explore the potential and create innovative ideas pushing the boundaries of IoT technologies' application further. The goal of the research is to analyze, how entrepreneurs utilize the opportunities created by IoT and how do they stimulate the development of IoT through discovering of new ways of generating economic value and creating opportunities, which attract other entrepreneurs. The qualitative research methods have been applied to prepare the case studies. Entrepreneurs are recognized as an engine of economic growth. They introduce innovative products and services into the market through the creation of a new combination of the existing resources and utilizing new knowledge. Entrepreneurs not only create economic value but what is more important, they challenge the existing business models and invent new ways of value creation. Through identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, they create new opportunities for other entrepreneurs. It makes the industry more attractive to other profit/innovation-driven start-ups. IoT creates numerous opportunities for entrepreneurs in the different industries. Smart cities, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, agriculture, smart vehicles and smart buildings benefit a lot from IoT-based breakthrough innovations introduced by entrepreneurs. They reinvented successfully the business models and created new entrepreneurial opportunities for other start-ups to introduce next innovations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20innovations" title=" breakthrough innovations"> breakthrough innovations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=start-ups" title=" start-ups"> start-ups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83273/internet-of-things-as-a-source-of-opportunities-for-entrepreneurs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Simultaneous Adsorption and Characterization of NOx and SOx Emissions from Power Generation Plant on Sliced Porous Activated Carbon Prepared by Physical Activation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shoaib">Muhammad Shoaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Al-Swaidan"> Hassan M. Al-Swaidan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution has been a major challenge for the scientists today, due to the release of toxic emissions from various industries like power plants, desalination plants, industrial processes and transportation vehicles. Harmful emissions into the air represent an environmental pressure that reflects negatively on human health and productivity, thus leading to a real loss in the national economy. Variety of air pollutants in the form of carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, suspended particulate material etc. are present in air due to the combustion of different types of fuels like crude oil, diesel oil and natural gas. Among various pollutants, NOx and SOx emissions are considered as highly toxic due to its carcinogenicity and its relation with various health disorders. In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia electricity is generated by burning of crude, diesel or natural gas in the turbines of electricity stations. Out of these three, crude oil is used extensively for electricity generation. Due to the burning of the crude oil there are heavy contents of gaseous pollutants like sulfur dioxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), gases which are ultimately discharged in to the environment and is a serious environmental threat. The breakthrough point in case of lab studies using 1 gm of sliced activated carbon adsorbant comes after 20 and 30 minutes for NOx and SOx, respectively, whereas in case of PP8 plant breakthrough point comes in seconds. The saturation point in case of lab studies comes after 100 and 120 minutes and for actual PP8 plant it comes after 60 and 90 minutes for NOx and SOx adsorption, respectively. Surface characterization of NOx and SOx adsorption on SAC confirms the presence of peaks in the FT-IR spectrum. CHNS study verifies that the SAC is suitable for NOx and SOx along with some other C and H containing compounds coming out from stack emission stream from the turbines of a power plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases" title=" flue gases"> flue gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOx%20and%20SOx%20adsorption" title=" NOx and SOx adsorption"> NOx and SOx adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activation" title=" physical activation"> physical activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20plants" title=" power plants"> power plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33329/simultaneous-adsorption-and-characterization-of-nox-and-sox-emissions-from-power-generation-plant-on-sliced-porous-activated-carbon-prepared-by-physical-activation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Exploring Management of the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation in a Product Driven Startup Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20K.%20Shaytan">Dmitry K. Shaytan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgy%20D.%20Laptev"> Georgy D. Laptev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our research we aimed to test a managerial approach for the fuzzy front end (FFE) of innovation by creating controlled experiment/ business case in a breakthrough innovation development. The experiment was in the sport industry and covered all aspects of the customer discovery stage from ideation to prototyping followed by patent application. In the paper we describe and analyze mile stones, tasks, management challenges, decisions made to create the break through innovation, evaluate overall managerial efficiency that was at the considered FFE stage. We set managerial outcome of the FFE stage as a valid product concept in hand. In our paper we introduce hypothetical construct “Q-factor” that helps us in the experiment to distinguish quality of FFE outcomes. The experiment simulated for entrepreneur the FFE of innovation and put on his shoulders responsibility for the outcome of valid product concept. While developing managerial approach to reach the outcome there was a decision to look on product concept from the cognitive psychology and cognitive science point of view. This view helped us to develop the profile of a person whose projection (mental representation) of a new product could optimize for a manager or entrepreneur FFE activities. In the experiment this profile was tested to develop breakthrough innovation for swimmers. Following the managerial approach the product concept was created to help swimmers to feel/sense water. The working prototype was developed to estimate the product concept validity and value added effect for customers. Based on feedback from coachers and swimmers there were strong positive effect that gave high value for customers, and for the experiment – the valid product concept being developed by proposed managerial approach for the FFE. In conclusions there is a suggestion of managerial approach that was derived from experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20development" title="concept development">concept development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20testing" title=" concept testing"> concept testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20discovery" title=" customer discovery"> customer discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20management" title=" entrepreneurial management"> entrepreneurial management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idea%20generation" title=" idea generation"> idea generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idea%20screening" title=" idea screening"> idea screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=startup%20management" title=" startup management"> startup management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18169/exploring-management-of-the-fuzzy-front-end-of-innovation-in-a-product-driven-startup-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Clay by Fixed Bed Column Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghribi">A. Ghribi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bagane"> M. Bagane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discharge of dye in industrial effluents is of great concern because their presence and accumulation have a toxic or carcinogenic effect on living species. The removal of such compounds at such low levels is a difficult problem. The adsorption process is an effective and attractive proposition for the treatment of dye contaminated wastewater. Activated carbon adsorption in fixed beds is a very common technology in the treatment of water and especially in processes of decolouration. However, it is expensive and the powdered one is difficult to be separated from aquatic system when it becomes exhausted or the effluent reaches the maximum allowable discharge level. The regeneration of exhausted activated carbon by chemical and thermal procedure is also expensive and results in loss of the sorbent. The focus of this research was to evaluate the adsorption potential of the raw clay in removing rhodamine B from aqueous solutions using a laboratory fixed-bed column. The continuous sorption process was conducted in this study in order to simulate industrial conditions. The effect of process parameters, such as inlet flow rate, adsorbent bed height, and initial adsorbate concentration on the shape of breakthrough curves was investigated. A glass column with an internal diameter of 1.5 cm and height of 30 cm was used as a fixed-bed column. The pH of feed solution was set at 8.5. Experiments were carried out at different bed heights (5 - 20 cm), influent flow rates (1.6- 8 mL/min) and influent rhodamine B concentrations (20 - 80 mg/L). The obtained results showed that the adsorption capacity increases with the bed depth and the initial concentration and it decreases at higher flow rate. The column regeneration was possible for four adsorption–desorption cycles. The clay column study states the value of the excellent adsorption capacity for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution. Uptake of rhodamine B through a fixed-bed column was dependent on the bed depth, influent rhodamine B concentration, and flow rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20curve" title=" breakthrough curve"> breakthrough curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed%20column" title=" fixed bed column"> fixed bed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodamine%20b" title=" rhodamine b"> rhodamine b</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39169/removal-of-rhodamine-b-from-aqueous-solution-using-natural-clay-by-fixed-bed-column-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Industrial Revolution: Army Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek">M. Şimşek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Additive manufacturing (AM) or generally known as three dimensional (3D) printing provides great opportunities for both civilian and military applications by which 3D has become the biggest nominee of breakthrough of 21th century. When properly used, it has a wide spectrum of applications that make production easier and more profitable. Considering the advantages of AM, every firm has an intention of catching up with this new trend. As well as reducing costs and thus increasing benefits, 3D printing provides opportunities for national armies by reducing maintenance and repair time and increasing operational readiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20cost" title=" operational cost"> operational cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20readiness" title=" operational readiness"> operational readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20dimensional%20printing" title=" three dimensional printing"> three dimensional printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24307/industrial-revolution-army-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Raw Clay: A Fixed Bed Column Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghribi">A. Ghribi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bagane"> M. Bagane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discharge of dye in industrial effluents is of great concern because their presence and accumulation have a toxic or carcinogenic effect on living species. The removals of such compounds at such low levels are a difficult problem. Physicochemical technique such as coagulation, flocculation, ozonation, reverse osmosis and adsorption on activated carbon, manganese oxide, silica gel and clay are among the methods employed. The adsorption process is an effective and attractive proposition for the treatment of dye contaminated wastewater. Activated carbon adsorption in fixed beds is a very common technology in the treatment of water and especially in processes of decolouration. However, it is expensive and the powdered one is difficult to be separated from aquatic system when it becomes exhausted or the effluent reaches the maximum allowable discharge level. The regeneration of exhausted activated carbon by chemical and thermal procedure is also expensive and results in loss of the sorbent. Dye molecules also have very high affinity for clay surfaces and are readily adsorbed when added to clay suspension. The elimination of the organic dye by clay was studied by serval researchers. The focus of this research was to evaluate the adsorption potential of the raw clay in removing congo red from aqueous solutions using a laboratory fixed-bed column. The continuous sorption process was conducted in this study in order to simulate industrial conditions. The effect of process parameters, such as inlet flow rate, adsorbent bed height and initial adsorbate concentration on the shape of breakthrough curves was investigated. A glass column with an internal diameter of 1.5 cm and height of 30 cm was used as a fixed-bed column. The pH of feed solution was set at 7.Experiments were carried out at different bed heights (5-20 cm), influent flow rates (1.6- 8 mL/min) and influent congo red concentrations (10-50 mg/L). The obtained results showed that the adsorption capacity increases with the bed depth and the initial concentration and it decreases at higher flow rate. The column regeneration was possible for four adsorption–desorption cycles. The clay column study states the value of the excellent adsorption capacity for the removal of congo red from aqueous solution. Uptake of congo red through a fixed-bed column was dependent on the bed depth, influent congo red concentration and flow rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20curve" title=" breakthrough curve"> breakthrough curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congo%20red" title=" congo red"> congo red</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed%20column" title=" fixed bed column"> fixed bed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39160/adsorption-of-congo-red-from-aqueous-solution-by-raw-clay-a-fixed-bed-column-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Cannabis for the Treatment of Drug Resistant Epilepsy in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20E.%20Casey">Sarah E. Casey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in children and approximately one-third of children with epilepsy have seizures that are uncontrolled on anticonvulsants alone. Cannabidiol is shown to be an effective treatment at reducing the amount of breakthrough seizures experienced by children with drug resistant epilepsy. Improvements in quality of life and overall condition were noted during cannabidiol treatment. Adverse side effects were experienced and were generally mild to moderate in nature. Additional double-blind, controlled studies with a more diverse sample population and standardized dosing are needed to ensure the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol use in children with drug resistant epilepsy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis" title="cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistant%20epilepsy" title=" drug resistant epilepsy"> drug resistant epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy" title=" epilepsy"> epilepsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140303/cannabis-for-the-treatment-of-drug-resistant-epilepsy-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Analgesic Impact of Adding Intrathecal Ketamine to Spinal Anaesthesia for Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Clinical Audit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carl%20Ashworth">Carl Ashworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthys%20Campher"> Matthys Campher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spinal anaesthesia has been identified as the “gold standard” for primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty, which is most commonly performed using longer-acting local anaesthetics, such as hyperbaric bupivacaine, to prolong the duration of anaesthesia and analgesia suitable for these procedures. Ketamine is known to have local anaesthetic effects with potent analgesic properties and has been evaluated as a sole anaesthetic agent via intrathecal administration; however, the use of intrathecal ketamine as an adjunct to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine, morphine, and fentanyl has not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to identify the potential analgesic effects of the addition of intrathecal ketamine to spinal anaesthesia and to compare the efficacy and safety of adding intrathecal ketamine to spinal anaesthesia for hip- or knee arthroplasty with spinal anaesthesia for hip- or knee arthroplasty without intrathecal ketamine. The medical records of patients who underwent elective hip- or knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia performed by an individual anaesthetist with either intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine, morphine and fentanyl or intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine, morphine, fentanyl and ketamine between June 4, 2020, and June 4, 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. These encounters were reviewed and analyzed from a perioperative pain perspective, with the primary outcome measure as the oral morphine equivalent (OME) usage in the 48 hours post-spinal anaesthesia, and secondary outcome measures including time to breakthrough analgesia, self-reported pain scores at rest and during movement at 24 and 48 hours after surgery, adverse effects of analgesia, complications, and length of stay. There were 26 patients identified who underwent TKR between June 4, 2020, and June 4, 2022, and 25 patients who underwent THR with the same conditions. It was identified that patients who underwent traditional spinal anaesthesia with the addition of ketamine for elective hip- or knee arthroplasty had a lower mean total OME in the 48 hours immediately post-spinal anaesthesia yet had a shorter time to breakthrough analgesia administration. The proposed mechanism of action for intrathecal ketamine as an additive to traditional spinal anaesthesia for elective hip- or knee arthroplasty is that it may prolong and attenuate the analgesic effect of traditional spinal anaesthesia. There were no significant differences identified in comparing the efficacy and safety of adding intrathecal ketamine to spinal anaesthesia for hip- or knee arthroplasty with spinal anaesthesia for hip- or knee arthroplasty without intrathecal ketamine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaesthesia" title="anaesthesia">anaesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal" title=" spinal"> spinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-thecal" title=" intra-thecal"> intra-thecal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketamine" title=" ketamine"> ketamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal-morphine" title=" spinal-morphine"> spinal-morphine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bupivacaine" title=" bupivacaine"> bupivacaine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173833/the-analgesic-impact-of-adding-intrathecal-ketamine-to-spinal-anaesthesia-for-hip-or-knee-arthroplasty-a-clinical-audit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Numerical Modeling of Large Scale Dam Break Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanbek%20Jainakov">Amanbek Jainakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdikerim%20Kurbanaliev"> Abdikerim Kurbanaliev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work presents the results of mathematical modeling of large-scale flows in areas with a complex topographic relief. The Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes equations constitute the basis of the three-dimensional unsteady modeling. The well-known Volume of Fluid method implemented in the solver interFoam of the open package OpenFOAM 2.3 is used to track the free-boundary location. The mathematical model adequacy is checked by comparing with experimental data. The efficiency of the applied technology is illustrated by the example of modeling the breakthrough of the dams of the Andijan (Uzbekistan) and Papan (near the Osh town, Kyrgyzstan) reservoir. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20modeling" title="three-dimensional modeling">three-dimensional modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20boundary" title=" free boundary"> free boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20volume-of-fluid%20method" title=" the volume-of-fluid method"> the volume-of-fluid method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20break" title=" dam break"> dam break</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenFOAM" title=" OpenFOAM"> OpenFOAM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44577/numerical-modeling-of-large-scale-dam-break-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Proposing a Strategic Management Maturity Model for Continues Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20Demir">Ferhat Demir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even if strategic management is highly critical for all types of organizations, only a few maturity models have been proposed in business literature for the area of strategic management activities. This paper updates previous studies and presents a new conceptual model for assessing the maturity of strategic management in any organization. Strategic management maturity model (S-3M) is basically composed of 6 maturity levels with 7 dimensions. The biggest contribution of S-3M is to put innovation into agenda of strategic management. The main objective of this study is to propose a model to align innovation with business strategies. This paper suggests that innovation (breakthrough new products/services and business models) is the only way of creating sustainable growth and strategy studies cannot ignore this aspect. Maturity models should embrace innovation to respond dynamic business environment and rapidly changing customer behaviours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title="strategic management">strategic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20model" title=" business model"> business model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maturity%20model" title=" maturity model"> maturity model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89817/proposing-a-strategic-management-maturity-model-for-continues-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> 3rd Generation Modular Execution: A Global Breakthrough in Modular Facility Construction System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Bryner%20S.%20Rey">Sean Bryner S. Rey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Tanjutco"> Eric Tanjutco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modular execution strategies are performed to address the various challenges of any projects and are implemented on each project phase that covers Engineering, Procurement, Fabrication and Construction. It was until the recent years that the intent to surpass mechanical modularization approach were conceptualized to give solution to much greater demands of project components such as site location and adverse weather condition, material sourcing, construction schedule, safety risks and overall plot layout and allocation. The intent of this paper is to introduce the 3rd Generation Modular Execution with an overview of its advantages on project execution and will give emphasis on Engineering, Construction, Operation and Maintenance. Most importantly, the paper will present the key differentiator of 3rd Gen modular execution against other conventional project execution and the merits it bears for the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3rd%20generation%20modular" title="3rd generation modular">3rd generation modular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20block" title=" process block"> process block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20%26%20maintenance" title=" operation & maintenance"> operation & maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43879/3rd-generation-modular-execution-a-global-breakthrough-in-modular-facility-construction-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Load Balancing Algorithms for SIP Server Clusters in Cloud Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanmay%20Raj">Tanmay Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedika%20Gupta"> Vedika Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For its groundbreaking and substantial power, cloud computing is today’s most popular breakthrough. It is a sort of Internet-based computing that allows users to request and receive numerous services in a cost-effective manner. Virtualization, grid computing, and utility computing are the most widely employed emerging technologies in cloud computing, making it the most powerful. However, cloud computing still has a number of key challenges, such as security, load balancing, and non-critical failure adaption, to name a few. The massive growth of cloud computing will put an undue strain on servers. As a result, network performance will deteriorate. A good load balancing adjustment can make cloud computing more productive and in- crease client fulfillment execution. Load balancing is an important part of cloud computing because it prevents certain nodes from being overwhelmed while others are idle or have little work to perform. Response time, cost, throughput, performance, and resource usage are all parameters that may be improved using load balancing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20balancing" title=" load balancing"> load balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computing" title=" computing"> computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIP%20server%20clusters" title=" SIP server clusters"> SIP server clusters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150361/load-balancing-algorithms-for-sip-server-clusters-in-cloud-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>